Journal of Hill Agriculture 2012 Vol 3(1)

8/10/2019 Journal of Hill Agriculture 2012 Vol 3(1)

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Print ISSN: 0976-7606Online ISSN: 2230-7338

Journal ofH i l l A gri cul t ure

Volume 3, No. 1 Jan June, 2012

Shari ng Knowledge for Prosperit y

Indian Society of Hill Agriculture,G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology,Pantnagar, Distt Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand 263 145 (INDIA)Website: www.ishaindia.in


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INDIAN SOCIETY OF HILL AGRICULTURE (Regd. 2010)URL: www.ishaindia.in

JOURNAL OF HILL AGRICULTURE(Print ISSN 0976-7606, Online ISSN 2230-7338)

Journal of Hill Agriculture (JHA) is an international journal and an officialpublication of Indian Society of Hill Agriculture (ISHA). It publishes the original research in all branchesof agriculture and allied science that is of primary interest to the agricultural development, especially inhill and mountain regions of the world. The publication is open to the members of Indian Society of HillAgriculture but it also accepts papers from non-members if all authors become the annual/life memberwhen a paper is submitted / accepted for publication. The journal publishes various types of articles, i.e.(i) Strategy / Policy paper (exclusively by invitation from the personalities of eminence), (ii) Reviewpapers, (iii) Research papers and (iv) Short communications. The manuscripts may be submitted throughe mail to [email protected] or by online submission through ISHAs website www.ishaindia.inor www.indianjournals.com.

For print version of journal of hill agriculture, subscribers may write to the editor-in-chief (JHA) and theonline version may be accessed through www.indianjournals.com

Editor-in-ChiefDr SK Sharma, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, INDIA ([email protected])

Associate Editor (s)Dr KC Sharma, CSKHPKVV, Kullu, Himachal Pradesh, INDIA

Dr Birendra Prasad, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, INDIA

Associate Editor & Business ManagerDr AK Pandey, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, INDIA ([email protected])

EDITORIAL BOARD (2012)Dr Ajay Gupta, SKUAST, Jammu, INDIA Dr Alkesh Kandoria, PSCST, Chandigarh, INDIADr Amit Jasrotia, SKUAST, Jammu, INDIA Dr Anchal Dass, IARI, New Delhi, INDIADr Asgar Ebadollahi, Ardabil, IRAN Dr Ashok Thakur, Univ of Hort. & Fty. Solan, HP, INDIADr Bijayalaxmi Mohanty, National Univ of SINGAPORE Dr BM Pandey, VPKAS, Almora, Uttarakhand, INDIADr Davide Spadaro, Univ of Torino, ITALY Dr HSR Kotturi , Univ Central Oklahoma, USADr Gulzar Singh Sanghera, SKUAST(K) Anantnag, INDIA Dr Lala Iswari Prasad Ray, CAU, Meghalaya, INDIADr J P Sharma, SKUAST(J) Jammu, INDIA Dr M Shakila Banu, Coimbatore, INDIADr Pankaj Panwar, CSWCRTI, Chandigarh, INDIA Dr Rajesh Kaushal, CSWCRTI, Dehradun, INDIADr Prashant Bakshi, SKUAST Jammu, INDIA Dr Rakefet David-Schwartz, Volcani Center, ISRAELDr Rakesh Sharma, Univ of Hort. & Fty. Solan, HP, INDIA Dr Rashmi Yadav, NBPGR, New Delhi, INDIADr Shachi Shah, IGNOU, New Delhi, INDIA Dr Sushil K Sharma, DSR, Indore, INDIADr S K Maurya, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, INDIA Dr VP Zambare, SDSMT, South Dakota, USADr VR Karoshi, Addis Ababa, ETHIOPIA Dr Yun Kong, Beijing University of Agriculture, CHINADr Sucheta Singh, Haridwar, INDIADr Udit Kumar, RAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, INDIA

Dr Tsering Stobdan, DIHAR, Leh (INDIA)Dr Sanjai Kumar Srivastava, Pantnagar, INDIA

For any queries pertaining to Indian Society of Hill Agriculture (ISHA) or Journal of HillAgriculture (JHA) please write to Secretary / Editor-in-Chief (JHA), Indian Society of HillAgriculture Secretriat, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology,Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 249 199, IndiaPhone: +91 9412962535, 9412463923 E mail: [email protected],

[email protected] : www.ishaindia.in

Shar ing Knowledge for

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Journal of Hill Agriculture 2012, Vol 3(1)

CONTENTS

Soil acidity tolerance in cereals basis andapproach

WRICHA TYAGI MAYANK RAI

1-7

An overview of recent developments in poultry production in north eastern region of India

SANTOSH HAUNSHI

SV RAMARAO

8-15

Irrigation scheduling at specific growth stagesof onion ( Allium cepa L.) under variablefertilizer rates in different soil types inGumselassa (Tigray), Ethiopia

NEGASH AREGAY ATUL KUMAR

16-23

Evolving nursery production technology for

summer vegetables under foggy conditions

AK JOSHI VK CHAUHAN PANKAJ MITTAL

24-28

Effect of processing and storage on the colourcharacteristics of milkcake a traditional Indianmilk product

ANIL KUMAR GR PATIL RRB SINGH AA PATEL NC SHAHI

29-36

Yield and economics of rice ( Oryza sativa L.)asinfluenced by rainwater management treatmentsand crop establishment methods under high

rainfall areas of Himachal Pradesh

AJAY GUPTA VISHAL SHARMA

DINESH BADIYALA

37-41

Problems in marketing of ginger in Uttarakhand

CHANDRA DEV VIRENDRA SINGH

BK KHANDURI

42-45

Development of integrated farming systemmodel for marginal and small farmers of Mandi

district of Himachal Pradesh an innovativeextension tool

ANIL K CHOUDHARY SK THAKUR DS YADAV

46-52

Correlation and path analysis studies in bacterial

wild resistant F 6 progenies of tomato ( Solanumlycopersicum L.)

SANJAY CHADHA AMIT BHUSHAN

53-57

Physico-chemical evaluation and acceptability

of RTS beverage and concentrate prepared fromapricot

REENA YS DHALIWAL APARNA SHARMA

58-61

Blood cellular responses in Sarcosystis tenella infected lambs treated with Toltrazuril

SANJAY CHAUDHARY ANJALI CHAUDHARY

62-64

Prediction of runoff from Nagwa watershed

using SCS Curve Number method

SAURABH SINGH PS KASHYAP SK SRIVASTAVA

65-67

Guidelines for authors i

Common abbreviations used in JHA iii

Abbreviations used for citing references iii

Referees of JHA 2012 Vol 3(1) v

Copyright Transfer Statement vi

Membership of ISHA vii


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INDIAN SOCIETY OF HILL AGRICULTURE (Regd. 2010)URL: www.ishaindia.in

Indian Society of Hill Agriculture (ISHA) was founded in 2010 having its secretariat at G.B. Pant Universityof Agriculture and Technology, Hill Campus, Ranichauri, Distt Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India with the mainobjective to cultivate and promote research, education and development of agriculture and allied branches of sciencewith special emphasis on development of hill and mountain regions of the world.

OFFICE BEARERS

Chief Patron : Vice Chancellor, GBPUAT PantnagarPresident : Dr PS Bisht, Dean, BharsarVice President (s) : Dr AK Sharma, GBPUAT, Uttarakhand

Dr SK Thakur, CSKHPKVV, Palampur, Himachal PradeshDr VK Rao, GBPUAT, UttarakhandDr PJ Handique, Guwahati, AssamDr MS Mir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir

Secretary : Dr VK Yadav, GBPUAT, UttarakhandJoint Secretary : Dr Sanjeev Sharma, CPRI, Shimla

Dr Sunil Kumar, GBPUAT, UttarakhandDr OC Sharma, CITH, Srinagar, Jammu and KashmirDr Vinod K Sharma, GBPUAT, UttarakhandDr Mayank Rai, CAU, Manipur

Editor-in-Chief, J Hill Ag Dr Satish K Sharma, GBPUAT, UttarakhandAssociate Editor Dr KC Sharma, CSKHPKVV, Kullu, Himachal PradeshAssociate Editor & Business Manager : Dr AK Pandey, GBPUAT, Uttarakhand

Treasurer : Dr Chandra Dev, GBPUAT, Uttarakhand

INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARDMembers from India Dr Mangla Rai, Former, President NAAS and Former Secretary DARE, Govt. of India

Dr P L Gautam, Former, Chairperson, PPVFRA, Govt. of IndiaDr Anwar Alam, Former Vice Chancellor, SKUAST(K), Srinagar, J&KDr KM Bujarbaruah, Vice Chancellor, AAU, Jorhat, AssamDr KR Dhiman, Former Vice Chancellor, Dr YSPUHF, Solan, HPDr Bhag Mal, Former South Asia Coordinator, Biodiversity International, New Delhi

Members from Abroad Dr JDH Keatinge, Director General, AVRDC, World Vegetable Centre, TaiwanDr Md. Yousuf Mian, Director General, BARI, Gazipur, BangladeshDr C Kole, Clemson University, South Carolina, USAProf (Dr) FG Schroeder, Dresdan, Germany

Dr G Paliyat, University of Guelph, Ontario, CanadaDr Ramesh Thakur, Michigan Technical University, Houghton, USA

EXECUTIVE COUNCILLORSDr AK Singh, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar PradeshDr AK Singh, GBPUAT, UttarakhandDr BL Attri, CITH (ICAR), Mukteshwar, UttarakhandDr SP Uniyal, GBPUAT, UttarakhandDr Vandana A Kumar, GBPUAT, UttarakhandDr VK Joshi, Dr YSPUHF, Solan, Himachal PradeshDr VK Sah, GBPUAT, UttarakhandDr VK Wali, SKUAST (J), Jammu and Kashmir

Shar ing Knowledge forProsperi ty


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Journal of Hill Agriculture 3(1): 1 - 7, January - June, 2012

Soil acidity tolerance in cereals - basis and approach

WRICHA TYAGI MAYANK RAIReceived: Jan 15, 2012; Revised: April 24, 2012; Accepted: May 15, 2012

ABSTRACT Soil acidity poses a significant challenge to

plant productivity due to a complex of several micronutrienttoxicities and deficiencies, Aluminium toxicity and

Phosphorus deficiency being the major players. Several breeding, molecular, genomic and transgenic approacheshave been employed in recent years to understand andharness the genetic mechanisms involved in soil acidity

response in major cereals. An overview of the approaches is presented here to highlight the current understanding of soilacidity tolerance mechanisms in cereals. Also, certain lacunaeand future direction in this challenging area of research thatmay lead to enhanced crop productivity under acidic soils arediscussed.

KEYWORDS Soil acidity, cereals, tolerance,micronutrients, phosphorus, aluminium

INTRODUCTION

Nearly 74 million ha of cultivable area in India isaffected from soil acidity (pH


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Journal of Hill Agriculture 3(1): 8 -15, January - June, 2012

An overview of recent developments in poultry production in north-eastern

region of India

SANTOSH HAUNSHI SV RAMARAOReceived: Sept 8, 2011; Revised: April 5, 2012; Accepted May 10, 2012

ABSTRACT North-eastern region of India is a landlockedarea and it is inhabited by various tribal communities who aremostly non-vegetarians and hence there is a huge demand for

meat and eggs of poultry. Requirement of poultry eggs andmeat of the region is mostly being met by procuring themfrom outside the region . About 82 % of the population residesin rural areas of the region and they are depending on theagriculture and allied sectors like backyard poultry for theirlivelihood. By and large, all the farmers practice age oldtraditional system of poultry farming with little or no inputs.

In spite of several attempts, the modern industrialized(commercial) poultry farming has not taken roots in theregion. However, there is an urgent need for improving the

availability of egg and poultry meat in order to meet the everincreasing demand for these poultry products. In the recentfast, efforts were made to introduce the improved varieties of

chicken in the region to augment the productivity oftraditional system of poultry farming. The paper reviews theissues related to existing poultry faming and the way forwardto improve productivity of poultry farming in the north-eastern region of the country.

KEYWORDS Low input, backyard poultry, improvedvarieties, north-eastern region

INTRODUCTION North-eastern region of India is a landlocked region

of the country which is situated between 21.5 o N-29.5 o Nlatitudes and 85.5 oE - 97.3 oE longitudes. The region has

Haunshi Santosh Ramarao SV

Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad,Andhra Pradesh -500 030, India

Santosh Haunshi ( )

E mail: [email protected]

geographical area of 262180 km 2 (8.06 % of the nationalgeographical area) and shares international border in northwith Tibet and Bhutan, east with Myanmar and south and

southwest with Bangladesh and in west with Nepal. Theregion is climatically classified as sub-tropical humid ingeneral and it receives highest rainfall in the world. Theannual maximum temperature ranges from 10 to 20 C duringwinter and 25 to 35 C during summer season. Minimumtemperature is 5 to 8 C during winter months. The averagerelative humidity of the region remains in the range of 60 to

80 % for most part of the year. As per the 2011 census, thetotal human population of the north-eastern region is 45.59million, which is about 3.77 % of national population of India

(GOI 2011). The most important thing is that majority of people (about 82 % of the total population) resides in ruralareas of the region and they are dependent mostly on

agriculture and allied sectors like backyard poultry farmingfor their livelihood and nutritional needs.

Current scenario of poultry production in north-eastern

region

Intensive system of poultry production was

initiated in the region but this system of farming could not besustained due to obvious reasons of scarcity of quality feedingredients and their prohibitive cost and non-availability of

other inputs required for the modern poultry farming.Besides, there is considerably a less demand for commercial

broiler chicken and eggs of White Leghorn breed which arewidely used in the intensive system of poultry farming.

Further, prevailing agro-climatic conditions such as highrainfall and high humidity of the region makes intensivesystem of poultry rearing uneconomical due to higherincidence of litter borne diseases such as Coccidiosis, Ecoi,Salmonella , etc during rainy season . Therefore, backyardfarming is the preferred approach to enhance of poultry

production in north-eastern region. National per capitaavailability of eggs per year is 46 and poultry meat is 1600 g

REVIEW PAPER


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Journal of Hill Agriculture 3(1): 16 - 23, January June, 2012

Irrigation scheduling at specific growth stages of onion ( Allium cepa L.)under variable fertilizer rates in different soil types in Gumselassa

(Tigray), Ethiopia

NEGASH AREGAY ATUL KUMARReceived: January 09, 2012; Revised: May 21, 2012; Accepted: June 10, 2012

ABSTRACT Irrigated agriculture demands highconsumption of water. However, the amount of waterrequired and fertilizer utilization varies with specific crop andits specific developmental stages. In 2009-10 an experimentwas conducted in Adigudem, Northern Ethiopia to determinethe effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on yield andyield components of onion with specific developmentalstages of irrigation water in different soil types. Factorialcombination of Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD) with three replications was used. Treatmentsconsisted of four nitrogen levels (0, 46, 92, and 138) kgha -1 and four levels of phosphorus (0, 46, 92 and 138 kg ha -1 P2O5)

in two different dominant soil types of the area. The grossexperimental plot size was 1.5 x 1.6 (2.4 m 2), 1.5 m betweenreplication and 0.50m between plots within a block. Thespacing used was 30 10 cm. Total bulb yield (t ha -1), plantheight (cm) significantly (p = 0.0001) increased withincreasing N rates. However, unmarketable bulb yield (t ha -1)

was significantly (p = 0.01) decreased as N fertilizerincreased. The rate of 138 kgha -1 N increased yield and wateruse efficiency compared to the control. Total bulb yield andmarketable bulb yield (t ha -1), harvest index, crop water useefficiency, plant P concentration significantly increased with

Aregay Negash Kumar Atul

1Department of Dryland Crops and Horticultural Sciences,College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural ResourceManagement, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia2Department of Basic Sciences, College of Forestry and HillAgriculture, Hill Campus, Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal,

Uttarakhand - 249 199, India

Atul Kumar ( )E mail: [email protected]

P fertilization. However, application of P did not showsignificant difference (p = 0.08) in unmarketable bulb yield.

KEYWORDS Onion, irrigation schedule, water useefficiency, fertilizer use efficiency

INTRODUCTION

Onion ( Allium cepa L .), a member of Alliaceaefamily, is an important shallow-rooted horticultural crop.Though there has been considerable expansion in the area ofonion production, but its productivity in Ethiopia is very lowas compared to other parts of Africa. The low yield has been

attributed to low fertility of soil, inappropriate fertilizer rate,and poor management practices (Dessalegne and Aklilu2003). Onion is a heavy feeder and requires more fertilizerthan majority of other vegetable crops (Currah and Proctor1990). It responds well to additional N fertilizer (Brown2000, Currah and Proctor 1990, Dessalegne and Herath

1992). However, P fertilizer does not show clear response toyield and yield components of onion (Dessaglegne andHerath 1992, Zink 1966). High mobility of N and greaterincidence of P fixation in northern Ethiopian soils, make Nand P priority nutrients in soil fertility management practices

(Dessalegne and Herath 1992, MoARD 2006, Tsidale, et al.1995). Irrigation and fertilizer are major inputs in the

production of most crops, however, when used excessively,they are likely to reduce yields, affect post harvest qualityand also constitute a threat to the environment due to surfaceand ground water pollution. Though, onion requires highamount of water for good yield, some phonological stages areless sensitive to water stress (FAO 1979). Hence, it is

important to consider the agronomic and physiologicalaspects of the crop.

The main objective of this study was to determineappropriate use of fertilizer and irrigation water in different

RESEARCH PAPER


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Journal of Hill Agriculture 3(1): 24 - 28, January - June, 2012

Evolving nursery production technology for summer vegetables under

foggy conditions

A K JOSHI V K CHAUHAN PANKAJ MITTALReceived: December 12, 2011; Revised: March 30, 2012; Accepted: May 15, 2012

ABSTRACT To grow summer vegetables successfully, thevigorous and healthy nursery is required to be raised undersevere winter months. The plains experience fog in Decemberand January, which induces chilling injury to tender plants innursery. Hence, different techniques were tried to grow thenursery under foggy conditions. The experiment wasreplicated thrice over years to get the reproducible results.

The longest germination duration has been observed incapsicum hence chilli ( Capsicum annuum L.) cv. DKC-8 wastaken as testing seed. The experiments were conducted on29 th December every year, keeping in view the over casting of

fog. The field germination of seed was un iform around 85.00 1.0 %. But significant differences were found in days to

emergence. Sunken bed (3m x 1 m x 0.45 m deep) coveredwith white/transparent polythene took 11 days to emergencein non foggy year of 2008-09, while in foggy years of 2009-10 and 2010-11, the seed emerged in 20 days. The emergencein sunken bed could be advanced by 36.33 days as comparedto control (53.33 days) i.e. raised bed covered with grass.

Lanky and etiolated seedlings were produced under black polythene thatched over sunken or raised beds. The seedlingemergence process was also enhanced under white polytunnels (23.33 days) and naturally ventilated poly house (27

days). The seedling attained four leaf stage in 36.33 daysunder sunken beds covered with white polythene by

producing vigorous seedlings (SV-1, valued at 755.83).

Damping off disease was observed in control only.

Joshi AK Chauhan VK Mittal Pankaj

Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry,Horticultural Regional Research Station, Dhaulakuan,Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh 173 001, India.

AK Joshi ( )E mail: [email protected]

KEYWORDS Sunken nursery, raised nursery, naturallyventilated poly house, germination, SV-I, Capsicum annuum

INTRODUCTION Area and production of vegetables along with

melons have increased manifold (112.45 %, and 418.24 %,respectively) in India over the years 1961 to 2007 (Bisht

2010). The expansion in area under vegetables is stillcontinued at geometrical progression rate due to the alluringremuneration offered by the off season cultivation ofvegetables. Farmers are swapping cereal or minor crops with

vegetables and concentrating on the production of thosevegetables, which have perpetual demand throughout the

year. Of late, it has been witnessed that most of thevegetables are grown out of their normal season with theadvent of widely adaptive hybrid varieties and protectedcultivation technology. With all kind of advanced technologyavailable, the global warming, is posing new threats to theresearchers. Growing vegetables, under the fluctuating

temperatures, erratic precipitation, shortened seasons, are the paramount challenges to combat with. The cultivation periodof summer vegetables is required to be advanced towards thespring for curtailing the harsh and un-predictable summers.

Hence, the need was felt to grow the nursery of tomato, chilli, bell-pepper, brinjal and even cucurbits in the severe winters.Through the technology of poly tunnels and naturally

ventilated poly house is available for inducing normalgermination and growth in seedlings, yet the transplant of

poly-cultured nursery in the open fields have had failedalarmingly. Such challenges requisitioned the advent of newviable technology which could produce healthy and vigorousnursery under harsh winters like foggy conditionsexperienced in the plains and foot hills of the Himalayas.

The outcomes of the past research is encouragingand have pointed out the adoption of poly house, green

RESEARCH PAPER


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Effect of processing and storage on the colour characteristics of milkcake -

a traditional Indian milk product ANIL KUMAR GR PATIL RRB SINGH AA PATEL NC SHAHIReceived: December 10, 2011; Revised: April 02, 2012; Accepted: April 15, 2012

ABSTRACT Effect of processing and storage on the colourindices of milkcake viz. lightness (L*), redness (a*) andyellowness (b*) was investigated during the study. Twolevels each of thermization temperature (70 and 80C/60min.) and corn syrup level (0 and 4 %) during processing and

effect of storage at 25C for change in colour of milkcakewas studied at an interval of one month. During experimentsthe browning effect of both the variables (i.e. thermizationtemperature and corn syrup level) was found significant(p


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Journal of Hill Agriculture 3(1): 37-41, January June, 2012

Yield and economics of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by rainwatermanagement treatments and crop establishment methods under high

rainfall areas of Himachal Pradesh AJAY GUPTA VISHAL SHARMA DINESH BADIYALAReceived: January 16, 2012; Revised: March 25, 2012; Accepted: April 15, 2012

ABSTRACT Many researchers in the recent past haveadvocated direct seeding as an alternative to transplantingmethod considering the rising cost of production and nonavailability of labour at critical time for transplanting Directseeded rice, however, suffers from heavy weed infestationand leads to quite lower yields. The method though isreported to reduce the cost of cultivation and labourutilization, but whether it is economically viable consideringthe yield and value cost ratio, still needs to be investigatedunder high rainfall areas of North Western Himalayas. A

field experiment was therefore, conducted during the rainyseasons of I Year and II Year at the Experimental Farm ofDepartment of Soil Science, Himachal Pradesh AgriculturalUniversity, Palampur to study the effect of rainwatermanagement and crop establishment methods on yield andeconomics of rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Continuous

submergence (R 4) proved the best in influencing the grainyield (26.6 and 35.0 q/ha) and was followed by plots with 25cm bund height (R 2) receiving diverted runoff from adjoiningmaize plots during both the years Gross returns (

Gupta Ajay 1 Sharma Vishal 1 Badiyala Dinesh 2

1Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Kashmir University of

Agriculture and Technology, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180 009, India2Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Sarwan KumarHimachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur,Himachal Pradesh 176 062, India

Ajay Gupta ( )E mail: [email protected]

(1.94 and 3.04) were found significantly the highest incontinuous submergence (R 4) treatment. Transplantingmethod of rice establishment gave the highest mean grainyield (25.9 and 31.5 q/ha); the increase being 4.7 and 9.9 q/haover sprouted and dry seeding methods during I Year and 5.4and 12.5 q/ha during II Year. Transplanted rice also recorded

and 18816) as well as value cost ratio during both the years.

KEYWORDS Rain water management, rice, economics,yield, crop establishment methods

INTRODUCTION

In South Asia, rice production involves two principal methods of establishment: direct seeding and

transplanting. Direct seeding involves dry and wet seeding. Inrainfed conditions where assured irrigation is not availableand situation is conducive for water accumulation the riceseeds are sown directly in dry soil. Emergence takes placewith available moisture on rain following the seeding. In

second method where irrigation or rain water can beaccumulated, the fields are puddled and sprouted seeds are

broadcasted. The suspended soil particles provide cover onthe seeds. Transplanting is adopted in areas of assured watersupply and involves replanting of rice seedlings raised innurseries to puddled soils. Direct dry seeding is done in lowrainfall areas of zone I of Himachal Pradesh with limitedwater supply. The three methods of rice cultivation show

considerable difference in cost of cultivation and labourutilization. As a result, it is obvious to have different

profitability from different cultures. Various studies confirmless labour requirement in direct seeded rice than transplanted

RESEARCH PAPER


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CHANDRA DEV VIRENDRA SINGH B K KHANDURIReceived: November 16, 2011, Revised: March 12, 2012, Accepted: April 15, 2012

ABSTRACT Ginger is an important cash crop and plays a

vital role in the rural economy of Uttarakhand state. The

study was based on the data collected by survey method fromrandomly selected 60 ginger growers of 5 villages in

Narendra Nagar block of district Tehri Garhwal. From eachvillage, 12 ginger growers were selected randomly. InDehradun market ( mandi ), 10 traders were interviewed

personally for the collection of information on the marketingof ginger. The higher marketing cost was due to commissionof middlemen in the market, which accounted for 45.45 %.The producers share in consumers price was estimated to be65.39 %. This was mainly due to higher transportation costand higher middlemen margins. Traders were found to beindulged in exploitation of farmers through various

underhand dealing, tactics and malpractices, which resultedin high marketing cost and reduced producers share in theconsumers rupee.

KEYWORDS Ginger, marketing cost, marketing margins, price spread

INTRODUCTION

The production of spices and condiments are highlyremunerative in our country because of ideal agro-climaticconditions. Ginger is one of the important spices popularly

used in Indian diet. This commodity also has a medicinalvalue. Ginger, therefore, has a continuous demand in themarket either as fresh or in dried form.

Dev Chandra 1 Singh Virendra Khanduri BK 2

1Department of Agricultural Economics, College ofAgriculture, 2Department of Social Science, College of BasicSciences and Humanities, GB Pant University of Agricultureand Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145, India

Chandra Dev ( )E mail: [email protected]

The important ginger producing countries are India,

Sierra Leone, Nigeria, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Japan,

Australia, Malaysia and Indonesia (Kizhakkayil andSasikumar 2011). India and China are the two majorsuppliers of ginger in the world market. India is the largestginger producing country, which produces about 50 % of theworlds total ginger and is the largest exporter. It is animportant cash crop of India. The rhizomes yield 13 % of a

pale-yellow essential oil, which lacks the pungent principle(Babu and Ravindran 2004). It finds limited use as aflavoring essence in perfumery. It is obtained by solventextraction from ground ginger in which the full pungency ofthe spice is preserved, it is used for flavoring purpose

particularly for soft drinks and in medicines. Ginger is used

in medicines as a carminative and aromatic stimulant to thegastro-intestinal tract and externally as a rubefacient andcounterirritant. It has a reputation as an aphrodisiac.

Ginger is an important cash crop of great potentialin the country as it helps in earning valuable foreignexchange every year and accounts for more than 60 % of the

world production. India is the largest grower of ginger andalso the largest producer of dry ginger in the world. At

present, ginger is cultivated over a greater part of tropical andsub-temperate zones. It requires a warm and humid climatefor commercial production. It is grown successfully at an

altitude to 1500 m amsl in different regions of India with anannual rainfall of 1500-3000 mm. In India, ginger is grown in

almost all the states. The main producing states in India areAssam, Kerala, Gujarat, Mizoram, Sikkim, Orissa, ArunachalPradesh, Meghalaya and Uttarakhand. Total area underginger production in India is 105.5 thousand ha and the

production is 517.8 thousand tonnes. The highest area underginger cultivation is in Assam (18.1 thousand ha), where

production in quite high (123.9 thousand tonnes), followed by Kerala. Uttarakhand is the important ginger producingstate. During the year 2008-09 the crop was grown on an areaof 2600 ha, which produced 31288 mt ginger with a

RESEARCH PAPER


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Journal of Hill Agriculture 3(1): 46 -52, January June, 2012

Development of integrated farming system model for marginal and small

farmers of Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh - an innovative extension

tool

ANIL K CHOUDHARY SK THAKUR DS YADAVReceived: October 28, 2011, Revised: March 16, 2012, Accepted: April 15, 2012

ABSTRACT This paper deals with the discussion that howthe integrated farming system (IFS) model has beendeveloped simulating the entire farm based situations faced

by the small and marginal farmers of Mandi district ofHimachal Pradesh with desired technological modifications

needed to boost the farmers productivity and profitability onsustainable basis. Integration of different field crops,vegetables and practically feasible farm enterprises, we canearn net profitability of 409721 with annual cost of

cultivation 100847 with overall holistic B:C ratio of 4.92under established IFS units. These results reveal thatinduction of IFS principles and technological interventions onthe basis of land use planning, the small and marginal farmerscan fetch better gains and livelihood through diversificationof their small and marginal farms.IFS model can act as aninnovative extension tool to transform less remunerative hill

production systems into highly remunerative systems usingavailable farm resources to generate better farm gains,

livelihood and employment on sustainable basis.

KEYWORDS Integrated farming system model, hillfarming, land use planning, productivity,

profitability

Choudhary Anil K Thakur SK Yadav DS

CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, KrishiVigyan Kendra Sundernagar, Distt. Mandi, Himachal Pradesh- 175 019, India

SK Thakur ( )E mail: [email protected]

INTRODUCTION

Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh lies in the lapof north-western Himalayas between 31o1320 to32o0430 North latitude and 76o3720 to 77o2315 Eastlongitude (Anon 2006), and endowed with a wide variety of

agro-climatic conditions and soil types that enable thecultivation of various field crops, vegetables and fruits crops.Total geographical area in Mandi district is 3,97,000 ha andarable land area is 95,500 ha, out of which only 16.27 % area

is irrigated (Choudhary et al. 2011). Of the totalgeographical area, 43.8 % is covered under forests, 24.2 %under permanent pasture and 18.6 % is cultivable (Anon2006). Majority of farmers in this remote hill district havemarginal and small land holdings averaging 0.40 ha (DOA2009, Anon 2011), coupled with poor socio-economic statusand practicing poor crop management (DOA 2009). In Mandidistrict, maize, rice and wheat are the main field crops whilevegetable production is also gaining ground on large scale in

Mandi district especially in Balh valley and wet temperatehigh hill region as off-season vegetables. Potato, peas, tomatoand crucifer vegetables are the major vegetable crops of

Mandi district. Crop husbandry, horticulture and livestockrearing are integral part of hill farming in the district (DOA2009). Thus, integrated farming is done on small and

marginal farms by the resource poor farmers of the district but not so remunerative to earn their livelihood.

Crop management in the district is not in scientificmanner resulting in poor crop productivity and profitability(Anon 2009). The natural resources are fatigued due to

population pressure and poor land use planning. There is a

large scope for crop diversification through fruits, vegetablesand other farm enterprises in the district. Since, KrishiVigyan Kendra (KVK) is a district level centre aiming to

RESEARCH PAPER


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Physico-chemical evaluation and acceptability of RTS beverage and

concentrate prepared from apricot REENA YS DHALIWAL APARANA SHARMAReceived: Dec 22, 2011; Revised: March 30, 2012; Accepted: April 15, 2012

ABSTRACT The evaluation of ready- to- serve (RTS)

beverage and concentrate prepared from apricot, revealed thatwith the increase in acidity level, the reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, total sugar and pH decreased in the RTS

prepared from apricot pulp whereas, with the increase in TSSlevel of concentrate, there was significant increase in the

reducing, non-reducing and total sugar as well as anthocaynincontent. The overall acceptability of the concentrate preparedfrom apricot was higher when fortified with ascorbic acid.

KEYWORDS Apricot, RTS, concentrate, TSS, acidity

INTRODUCTION

Apricot ( Prunus armeniaca L.) is a stone fruitgrown in the temperate regions of the world. It holds itsorigin in China and is grown best in the areas of altituderanging between 900-1200 m above sea level. Turkey, Italy,Greece, Spain, USA and France are major producers ofapricot (Gorpade et.al. 1995). The production of apricot in

the world is 3758.9 thousand tonnes whereas India produces10,000 meteric tonnes of apricots (FAO 2011). In India,Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttranchal aremajor apricot producers. Himachal Pradesh produces 1947metric tonnes of apricot fruits annually from an area of 3588

Reena 1 Dhaliwal YS 2 Sharma Aparana 2

1Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Berthin, Distt Bilaspur, HimachalPradesh 174 029, India2Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of HomeScience, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya,Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 174 029, India

Reena ( )E mail: [email protected]

hectare (Anon 2010). Solan and Sirmour districts are major

apricot producing areas of Himachal Pradesh (Singh et.al.1990).

Apricot fruits are highly perishable and have ashelf life of about 3-4 days at ambient temperature and 2-4weeks at 0 oC and 90-95 % relative humidity (Sharma et al.

1992). Approximately ninteen % of total apricots producedare dried (Sharma et al. 1993). Some are utilized in the

preparation of value added products including RTS beverage,concentrate, canned apricots, jam, chutney, sauce and others.Apricot being the major stone fruit produced in HimachalPradesh, the present study was conducted to utilize these inthe preparation of RTS beverage and concentrate. The

beverages were evaluated for their physico-chemicalcharacteristics and sensory attributes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The present investigation was carried out in theDepartment of Food Science and Nutration, College of Home

Science, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya,Palampur. The fresh fruits of apricot were procured fromBogtu Farm of Department of Horticulture, Kinnaur andDepartment of Horticulture Farm of CSK Himachal PradeshKrishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, respectively for chemical

evaluation and acceptivility of RTS beverage andconcentrate. Other raw materials such as sugar, preservativesas well as containers were procured from the local market.

Preparation of RTS RTS beverage was prepared usingapricot pulp. Two variations viz TSS and acidity wereundertaken. The TSS of RTS beverages were adjusted at10.0, 12.5, 15.0 and 17.5 Brix, whereas, the acidity (% ascitric acid) of each lot varied from 0.30, 0.35 and 0.40 in eachRTS beverage. The filtered RTS beverages were bottled andkept after pasteurization for further use and analysis.

RESEARCH PAPER


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Blood cellular responses in Sarcosystis tenella infected lambs treated withToltrazuril

SANJAY CHAUDHARY ANJALI CHAUDHARYReceived: October 15, 2011; Revised: February 6, 2012; Accepted: April 15, 2012

ABSTRACT Sheep husbandry contributes immensely to

Indian agricultural economy in the form of wool, mutton,leather, milk and casing production. Sarcosystis has recently

been recognized as most prevalent and highly pathogenic protozoan infection in sheep in India with a high prevalencerate of up to 80 % . Out of four species of sarcosystis,Sarcosystis tenella is found to be the most pathogenic specieswhich may cause major health problem. There is no otherinformation on sarcocystosis of lambs from India. Thus, inthe present investigation an attempt has been made to studythe clinico- pathological and haematological alterations in

sarcosystis infected lambs. The present study also showed partial efficacy of anti-coccidial drug Toltazuril in

sarcosytosis.

KEYWORDS Sarcosystis, protozoan, clinico- pathological,haematological, Toltazuril

Sheep husbandry is immensely important to Indianagricultural economy with its contribution of approximatelyRs. 80 million annually to the national income. The main

hurdle in raising healthy sheep is susceptibility of this speciesto many infections and contagious diseases particularly thoseof parasitic origin due to their grazing habit and under poor

management practices. Sarcosystis tenella is a dog sheep

Chaudhary Sanjay Chaudhary Anjali

College of Forestry and Hill Agriculture, GB Pant Universityof Agriculture and Technology, Hill Campus, Ranichauri,Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand 249 199, India

Sanjay Chaudhary ( )

E mail: [email protected]

protozoan parasite, causing a wild spread enzootic muscle

parasitosis and neurological disease mainly in lambs (Rodrigeet al. 2009). This parasite is pathogenic to sheep and thusimportant to the economical production of sheep. Out of 4species of sarcosystis viz. Sarcosystis tenella is found to bemost pathogenic species which may cause major health

problem (Dubey et al. 1989, Banerjee 1998 and Adriana etal. 2008). The information about the occurrence ofsarcosystosis in lambs from India is less. Thus, in the presentstudy an attempt has been made to study theclinicopathological and haematological alterations in

sarcosystosis infected lambs. The efficacy of anti-coccidialdrug toltazuril was also assessed in sarcosystosis.

Fifty samples of diaphragm and esophagus werecollected from sheep slaughtered at Delhi and Deharadunabattoirs. The differentiation of Sarcosystis tenella sarcosystfrom its other species was done by the method of Dubey et al.

(1989) at Parasitology Laboratory, College of VeterinarySciences, Pantnagar. The microsarcosysts were measure up to

1000 m in length with 1-were separated from tissue debris and whole intact maturesarcocysts were collected for experimental infection in oneto 2 months of age healthy pups. The pups were maintained

on boiled milk and bread and routinely screened for any parasitic infection of the digestive tract. Each pup was fedorally with approximately 1000 sarcosystis tenella sarcosystsobtained after digestion of muscles of the infected sheep. The

pups started shedding sporocysts/oocysts at 8-9 days postinfection (DPI). The pups were enthused after 3 days of first

appearance of sporocysts/oocyst in their faeces for collectionof maximum number of oocysts/sporocysts as per the methoddescribed by Banerjee (1998). Twelve healthy lambs (4-6months of age) treated with closantel (to avoid anyhelminthic infection in the digestive tract) were taken andrandomly divided into 4 group viz A, B, C and D each withthree lambs.

SHORT COMMUNICATION


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Prediction of runoff from Nagwa watershed using SCS-Curve Number

method

SAURABH SINGH PS KASHYAP SK SRIVASTAVAReceived: December 10, 2011, Revised: Feb 25, 2012, Accepted: April 24, 2012

ABSTRACT A rainfall-runoff model is a mathematical

model describing the rainfall-runoff relations of a catchmentarea, drainage basin or watershed. The soil conservationservice curve number method is used for predicting the runoff

by using the soil information, rainfall, storm duration, soiltexture, type and amount of the vegetation cover andconservation practices. The CN method is one of the mostwidely used techniques in watershed hydrology. This methodhas been further simplified by introducing an assumption oninitial abstraction which is represented by the potentialretention capacity (S) of the watershed. The extensive use of

the method is based on convenience and simplicity. For the prediction o f runoff soil conservation service curve number

method (SCS-CN) is applied to a large set of rainfall-runoffdata (24 storm events) obtained from Nagwa watershed. The

predicted runoff was compared with the measured runoff andexhibited strong linear relationship R 2 = 0.899.

KEYWORDS Curve number, Rainfall, Runoff, Watershed.SCS-CN

In catchments with agricultural lands, AmericanSoil Conservation Service (SCS) Runoff Curve NumberMethod is widely used for planning the structures aimed at

water storage and erosion and flood control. United States

Singh Saurabh 1 Kashyap PS1 Srivastava SK 2

1Department of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering,College of Technology, GB Pant University of Agricultureand Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand - 263 145, India2Vaugh School of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,SHIATS, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh - 211 002, India

Saurabh Singh ( )E mail: [email protected]

Department of Agriculture (USDA), Soil Conservation

Service, developed a method to calculate runoff from smallagricultural catchments with different soil groups, vegetationcovers and land uses by examining measured precipitationand runoff amounts, and named it as Soil ConservationService Curve Number Method. The Soil ConservationService Curve number (SCS-CN method) is also known ashydrologic soil group method, which is a versatile and

popular approach for quick runoff estimation and is relativelyeasy to use with minimum data and it gives adequate results(Chatterjee et al. 2001, Ashish et al. 2003, Gupta and

Panigrahy 2008). Generally the model is well suited for smallwatersheds of less than 250 km 2 and it requires details of soil

characteristics, land use and vegetation condition (Mishra etal. 2004). Hydrologic soil group number, land use type,vegetation cover, soil conservation measure, antecedent soilmoisture conditions are the basic catchments characteristics

used for curve number calculation. The Curve Number (CN)method for estimation of storm runoff volume was developedin the 1950s by the Natural Resources Conservation Service(NRCS) (formerly known as Soil Conservation ServiceCurve Number or SCS-CN method), and has beencommonly used (Woodward et al., 2006; Walker et al., 2000;Soulis et al.,2009). A rainfall-runoff model is a mathematical

model describing the rainfall-runoff relations of a catchmentarea, drainage basin or watershed.

More precisely, it produces the surface runoffhydrograph as a response to a rainfall hydrograph as input. Inother words, the model calculates the conversion of rainfallinto runoff. A rainfall-runoff model can be really helpful in

the case of calculating discharge from a basin. Thetransformation of rainfall into runoff over a catchment isknown to be very complex hydrological phenomenon, as this

process is highly nonlinear, time-varying and spatiallydistributed.

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GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS

Journal of Hill Agriculture (JHA) is an international journal and an official publication of Indian Society of HillAgriculture (ISHA). It publishes the original research in all branches of agriculture and allied science (as mentioned below) that is of

primary interest to the agricultural development, especially in hill and mountain regions of the world. The publication is open to themembers of Indian Society of Hill Agriculture but it also accepts papers from non-members if all authors become the annual/lifemember when a paper is submitted / accepted for publication. The journal publishes four types of articles, i.e. (i) Strategy / Policy

paper (exclusively by invitation from the personalities of eminence), (ii) Review papers (full and short), (iii) Research papers and (iv)Short communications. The manuscripts should be submitted to the Editor-in-Chief (JHA) by e-mail as attached file saved in MSWord to [email protected] or by online submission on our website www.ishaindia.in or through indianjournals.com. Thestatus of manuscripts can also be checked online. Each manuscript must be typed doubled spaced on one side of an A4 size page.Clearness, brevity and conciseness are essential in form, style, punctuation, spelling and use of English language. Manuscripts shouldconform to the SI system for numerical data and data should be subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. On receipt of an article atthe Editorial Office, an acknowledgement giving the manuscript number is sent to the corresponding author. This number should bequoted while making any future enquiry about its status.

MAJOR FIELDS/SUBJECTS COVERED UNDER JHA a) Plant Improvement with reference to genetics, plant breeding, production, cytogenetics, physiology, biotechnology and

biochemistry of various crops including fruits, vegetables, flowers, medicinal plants and forest plants. b) Plant Protection including entomology, plant pathology, nematology, microbiology and agro-chemicalsc) Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences including Natural Resource Management, Soil Sciences, Water Management,

Environmental Sciences, Agronomy, Seed Science, Meteorology and Agroforestry.d) Animal Sciences including Veterinary Science and Fisherye) Agricultural Engineering including Farm machinery, Soil & Water Conservation Engineering, Energy Management,

Postharvest Technology, Food Technology and Dairy Processingf) Social Sciences including Statistics, Economics, Extension, Home Sciences, Nutrition, Research Management

TYPES OF ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JHAa. Strategy paper. These papers are invited exclusively by invitation from the personalities of eminence to give their opinion on thetrends of agricultural development and future of various sectors of agriculture and allied disciplines and related development issuesall over the world especially in hill and mountain regions.b. Review paper It should be comprehensive, critical and updated on a recent topic of importance. The maximum page limit is of 14

double spaced typed pages including Tables and Figures. It should cite latest references and identify some gaps for future. It shouldhave a specific Title followed by the Name(s) of the author(s), Affiliation, Abstract, Key words, main text with subheadings,Acknowledgements (wherever applicable) and References.c. Research paper. The paper should describe a new and confirmed findings. Should not generally exceed 12 typed pages includingTables/Figures etc. A paper has the following features. Please consult previous issues of JHA for your reference and help.

Title followed by author (s) and affiliation: address of the institution (s) where the research was undertaken and e mailaddress of corresponding author.Abstract: Entire work along with the highlights of the findings must be given concisely in 200 to 300 words.Key words: About 5- 6 keywords to be indicated.Introduction: This must highlight importance of the problem and its relevance to hill agriculture including pervious workdone and gaps thereof.Materials and Methods: Describe the materials used in the experiments, year of experimentation, site etc. Describe themethods employed for collection and analysis of data in short.Results and Discussion: This segment should focus on the fulfillment of stated objectives as given in the introduction andcontain findings presented in Tables, Figures and photographs. Data should be statistically analyzed following suitableexperimental design. Same data should not be presented in the table and figure form. Avoid use of numerical values infindings, rather mention the trends and discuss with the available literatures. At the end give short conclusion.Acknowledgements: (wherever applicable).References: Reference to literature should be arranged alphabetically as per author's names, should be placed at the end ofthe article. Each reference should contain the names of the author with initials, the year of the publication, title of thearticle, the abbreviated title of the publication according to the World List of Scientific Periodicals, volume and page(s). Inthe text, the reference should be indicated by authors name and year of publication in brackets. eg. (Smith 1979, Sharmaand Nautiyal 2009, Raghav et al. 2010). If there are more than two or more references mentioned together in one bracketthey should be written in chronological order.

d. Short communication: The text including Table(s) and Figure(s) should not exceed 5 pages. It should have a short t itle, followed by name of author(s) and affiliation and References. There should be no subheadings, i.e. Introduction, Materials and Methods etc.The manuscript should be in paragraphs mentioning the brief introduction of the of the topic and relevance of the work, followed by


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a short description of the materials and the methods employed, results and discussion based on the data presented in 1 or 2table(s)/figure(s) and a short conclusion at the end. References should be maximum seven at the end.STANDARD REFERENCE WRITING PATTERN FOR JHA Research and Review Papers Sharma KD, Kumar R, Kaushal BBL 2004. Mass transfer characteristics, yield and quality of five varieties of osmotically dehydrated

apricot. J Food Sci Tech 41(3): 264-274.Ponnuswami V, Kumar AR 2009. Crop improvement and management strategies in paprika a review. J Hill Agr 5(1): 460-466.

Books and Book ChaptersSharma SK 2010. Postharvest Management and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables Instant Notes. New India Pub Agency, New

Delhi, 395p.Babu A, Gupta HS 2006. Approaches to improvement in maize. In: Sustainable Production from Agricultural Watersheds in North

West Himalaya. Gupta HS, Srivastava AK, Bhatt JC (eds). Vivekanand Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora,Uttaranchal, pp 124-138.

Symposium / Seminar/ Conference Publications Dhillon BS, Rana JC 2004. Temperate fruits genetic resources management in India issues and strategies. In: Proceedings of the

Seventh International Symposium on Temperate Zone Fruits in the Tropics and Subtropics. Jindal KK, Sharma RC,Rehalia AS (eds), International Society of Horticultural Sciences, Belgium, pp 139-146.

Mohsin F, Singh O 2010. Studies in intercropping of cash crops in Populus deltoides plantation. National Symposium onConservation Horticulture (21-23 March, 2010, Dehradun, India), Book of Abstracts, pp 131.

Arora VPS 2010. Indian horticulture marketing and export issues. National Symposium on Conservation Horticulture (21-23March, 2010, Dehradun, India), Souvenir, Singh SS, Singhal V, Pant K, Dwivedi SK, Kamal S, Singh P (eds), pp 80-87.

Patent Schmidt GR, Means WJ 1986. Process of preparing algin/calcium gel-structured meat products. US Patent 4 603 054.

ThesisBisht R 2007. Studies on the multiplication and utilization of Seabuckthorn ( Hippophae salicifolia D.Don), M Sc Thesis, GB Pant

University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, US Nagar, Uttarakhand, India.Website Kumar S 2009. Rearing rabbits in the mid hills of Himalaya. http://www.rabbitrearing.com/. Accessed March 10, 2009.

General instructions to the authors

All the manuscript should be typed double spaced on one side of A4 size paper with proper margin of 1 inch on all 4 sides.

Generic & specific names should be italicized throughout manuscript. Similarly, the vernacular/ local names are to be italicized.Tables should be typed on separate sheets, each with a heading. Tables should be typed with the first letter (T) only capital. AllTables and Figures should be properly numbered. All measurements should be in metric units.Each illustration must be referred to in the text.On the first page address of the corresponding author and E-mail Id. etc. may be specified.Revised manuscript is acceptable only as soft copy (attached file in MS Word) of the corrected version through e mal sent toEditor-in-Chief.The paper after publication shall be sent as pdf file version of the whole issue of the journal to the authors.Article forwarded to the Editor-in-Chief for publication is understood to be offered to JOURNAL OF HILL AGRICULTUREexclusively and not for any other journal.It is also understood that the authors have obtained a prior approval of their Department, Faculty or Institute in case where suchapproval is a necessary.Acceptance of a manuscript for publication in Journal of Hill Agriculture shall automatically mean transfer of copyright to theIndian Society of Hill Agriculture. The authors shall also have to provide a copy of the Copyright Transfer Statement dulysigned by all or the corresponding author on behalf of all the authors.The Editorial Board takes no responsibility for the fact or the opinion expressed in the Journal, which rests entirely with theauthor(s) thereof.All the authors of a paper have to become annual/life member of the ISHA for publication of paper.All papers should be sent to Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Hill Agriculture, through e mail as attached file [email protected]

Check List1. Complete manuscript in MS Word format2. Names and details (including complete postal address alongwith Phone No. and e mail) of at least three potential referees

who might be interested to review your paper. The format for the same may be downloaded from ISHA website Visithttp://www.ishaindia.in/JHA%20Format%20for%20suggesting%20Potential%20Referees%20names.doc

3. Copyright transfer statement on separate page4. Membership Number (if fee is paid already)/ Membership fee


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COMMON ABBREVIATIONS USED IN JHA

above mean sea level amsl Limited Ltdat the rate @ litre or liter lcentimeter,centimeter cm Messrs M/Sdegree centigrade C meter, metre met caetera , et coetera or et ctera etc milligram mgexampli gratia e.g. parts per million, parts per

billion ppm, ppb

Figure Fig per cent %Gram g per ha or per litre or per kg ha -1 or l -1 or kg -1 Hectare ha second(s) sechour(s) hr square meter, cubic meter etc m 2, m 3 etcinternational unit IU such as i.e.it is or that is i.e. volume by volume v/vKilogram kg weight by volume w/v

kilometer, kilimetre km weight by weight w/wlesser than, greater than tonne(s), ton t

Abbreviations for citing references

Abstract Abstr Congress CongrAcademy Acad Contribution(s) ContribActa Acta Conservation ConservAdvances Adv Cooperative CoopAgriculture Agr Culture CultAgricultural Agrl Current CurrAgronomy Agron Cytology, -ical CytolAmerica, -an Amer Department Dept

Analytical, Analysis Anal Development DevAnnals Ann Digest DigAnimal Animal Disease DisAnnual Annu Dissertation DissApplied Appl Distribution DistribAsian Asian Division DivArchives Arch Ecology, -ical EcolAssociate(s), -ed Assoc Ecosystem(s) EcosystAssociation Assn Economy, -ic, -ics EconAustralian Austral Education EducAustrian Aust Egypt EgyptBeverage Bev Egyptian EgyptnBiochemistry Biochem Electronic Electronic

Biology Biol Encyclopedia EncyclBiotechnology Biotechnol Engineers, -ring EngBotany Bot Enology EnolBreeding Breeding Entomology, -ical EntomolBritish, Britain Brit Environment EnvironBulletin Bul Environmental EnvironlBureau Bur Enzyme (s) EnzymCanada, -ian Can Enzymology EnzymolCenter, Centre Ctr Experiment ExptChemical Cheml Experimental ExptlChemistry Chem Microscopy MicroscCircular Circ Molecule, ar Mol


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Citriculture Citricult Monograph MonogrClimatology, -ical Climatol Mycology, -ical MycolCollege College National NatlColloquium Colloq Nature NatCommonwealth Cmwlth Natural NatlCommunication Commun National NatnlConference Conf Nematology, -ical NematolExtension Ext Netherlands NethEurope Europ New York NYEuropean Europn New Zealand NZFertilizer Fert Newsletter NwslFood(s) Food Note(s) NoteForestry For Nucleic NuclGazette Gaz Nutrition Nutr

General Gen Nutritional NutrlGenetics Genet Official OffGovernment Govt Opinion OpinionHandbook Hdbk Pathology, -ical PatholHeredity Hered Photosynthesis PhotosynHorticulture Hort Physics, -ical PhysHorticultural Hortl Physiology, -ical, -ia PhysiolHorticulturae Hortic Phytology, -ical PhytolHuman Human Phytochemistry PhytochemHusbandry Husban Phytopathology, -ical PhytopatholIndia India Plant PlIndian Indian Planta PlantaIndustry Ind Plantae, -arum PlantIndustrial Indl Pomology, -ical PomolInformation Info Poultry PoultInstitute, -ion Inst Proceedings ProcInstitution Instn Products ProdInternational Intl Production ProdnIrrigation Irr Progress, progressive ProgressJapanese Jpn Propagation PropJournal J Protection ProtectLaboratory, -ies Lab Publication(s) PublLeaflet Lflt Quarterly QrtlyLetters Lett Region, al RegMagazine Mag Report(s) RptManagement Mgt Reporter RptrMarket Mkt Research ResMarketing Mktg Resources ResourcesMeeting Mtg Review(s), Revue(s) RevMeteorology, -ical Meteorol Science(s) SciMethods Methd Scientia ScientiaScientific Scientific Thesis ThesisSeries Ser Theory TheorService Serv Theoritical TheorlSociety Soc Transactions TransSoil Soil Tropical Trop


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Special Spec United States USStandard Stnd University UnivStation Sta Universe Univer

Statistics Stat Universal UniverlStatistical Statl Variety, -ies VarSupplement(s) Suppl Vegetable(s) VegSymposium Symp Virology VirolTechnical, -que Tech Viticulture ViticultTechnology, -ical Technol Workshop WkshpTemperature Temp Yearbook YrbkTemperate Temperate

REFEREES OF JOURNAL OF HILL AGRICULTURE, 2012 Vol 3(1)

Dr Alkesh Kandoria, PSCST, ChandigarhDr Anil Dixit, CIPHET LudhianaDr Anil Kumar GBPUAT PantnagarDr Birendra Prasad. GBPUAT PantnagarDr Deepji Bhat, SKUAST, JammuDr Faizan Ahmed, SKUAST (K) Kargil, Jammu and KashmirDr KC Sharma, CSKHPKVV, Kullu, Himachal PradeshDr Lakshmikant Sharma, KVK, Bajaura, Kullu, HPDr Manisha Mangal, IARI, New DelhiDr Om Chand Sharma, CITH, Srinagar, J&KDr Rakesh Sharma, Solan Himachal Pradesh

Dr Rashmi Yadav, NBPGR, New DelhiDr Sangita Bansal, CIPHET LudhianaDr Sanjay Srivastava, GBPUAT PantnagarDr Sanjeev Sharma, Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal PradeshDr Shachi Shah, IGNOU, New DelhiDr SK Maurya, GBPUAT PantnagarDr Vijay Yadav IGFRI, Jhansi, Uttar PradeshDr Vinod Sharma, Katrain, Kullu, Himachal PradeshDr VK Rao, GBPUAT, Pantnagar


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COPYRIGHT TRANSFER AGREEMENT

Journal Name: JOURNAL OF HILL AGRICULTURE (Print ISSN 0976-7606, Online ISSN 2230-7338)

Please provide us with the following information, review our policies, and confirm your acceptance of theterms of the attached article publishing agreement by signing this form, with respect to the following work submittedto Journal of Hill Agriculture.

Manuscript Title : .

Author(s):

ASSIGNMENT OF PUBLISHING RIGHTSI/ we hereby assign to Indian Society of Hill Agriculture, the copyright in the above specified manuscript in all

forms and all media (whether known at this time or developed at any time in the future) throughout the world, in alllanguages, for the full term of copyright, to take effect if and when the article is accepted for publication. If I am oneof the several co-authors, I hereby confirm that I am authorized by all of my co-authors to grant this licence as theiragent, on their behalf. This assignment also includes the rights to supply the article in electronic and online forms andsystems. I/we confirm that I/we have read and accept the full terms of the Journal's article publishing agreementattached to this form including my author warranties, and have reviewed the Journal's policies on Author Rights.

I/We hereby confirm the assignment of all copyrights in and to the manuscript named above in all forms and media tothe publishers of the journal namely, Indian Society of Hill Agriculture, effective if and when it is accepted forpublication by the Editor-in-Chief of the journal.

Date:

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MEMBERSHIP OF INDIAN SOCIETY OF HILL AGRICULTURE

Membership of the society shall be open to individuals from all nations and shall consists of the following categories ofmembers with qualifying criteria as indicated against each. Membership can be obtained by filling a membership formand sending it to [email protected] alongwith membership fee (effective from 1 st Jan, 2011) as detailedahead

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2. By Direct Deposit into ISHA's Bank Account: Membership fee i.e. 3000/- or 500/- or 1500/- as the case may be, plus 50/- (as bank charges) amounting to 3050/- or 0/- or 1550/- respectively, may also be directlydeposited into the Bank Account of Indian Society of Hill Agriculture. The details are given as follows

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INDIAN SOCIETY OF HILL AGRICULTURE G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar,

Uttarakhand 263 145 Phone: +91 94124 63923, 94129 62535Website: www.ishaindia.in

MEMBERSHIP FORM

1. Name (in CAPITAL letters) : Dr/ Mr/ Ms 2. Date of Birth.......................................................................................................3. Designation / Job Title: .4. Specialization: 5. Institute / Organization where employed: .6. Address for Correspondence: .Pin ..Phone: Fax:. E mail: .7. Permanent Home Address: ...............................Pin..Phone: Fax:. E mail: ..8. Academic and Professional Qualifications:Degree Name of University Year Major Field of Study

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Journal of Hill Agriculture 2012, Vol 3(1)

CONTENTS

Soil acidity tolerance in cereals basis andapproach

WRICHA TYAGI MAYANK RAI

1-7

An overview of recent developments in poultry production in north eastern region of India

SANTOSH HAUNSHI

SV RAMARAO

8-15

Irrigation scheduling at specific growth stagesof onion ( Allium cepa L.) under variablefertilizer rates in different soil types inGumselassa (Tigray), Ethiopia

NEGASH AREGAY ATUL KUMAR

16-23

Evolving nursery production technology for

summer vegetables under foggy conditions

AK JOSHI VK CHAUHAN PANKAJ MITTAL

24-28

Effect of processing and storage on the colourcharacteristics of milkcake a traditional Indianmilk product

ANIL KUMAR GR PATIL RRB SINGH AA PATEL NC SHAHI

29-36

Yield and economics of rice ( Oryza sativa L.)asinfluenced by rainwater management treatmentsand crop establishment methods under high

rainfall areas of Himachal Pradesh

AJAY GUPTA VISHAL SHARMA

DINESH BADIYALA

37-41


CHANDRA DEV VIRENDRA SINGH

BK KHANDURI

42-45

Development of integrated farming systemmodel for marginal and small farmers of Mandi

district of Himachal Pradesh an innovativeextension tool

ANIL K CHOUDHARY SK THAKUR DS YADAV

46-52

Correlation and path analysis studies in bacterial

wild resistant F 6 progenies of tomato ( Solanumlycopersicum L.)

SANJAY CHADHA AMIT BHUSHAN

53-57

Physico-chemical evaluation and acceptability

of RTS beverage and concentrate prepared fromapricot

REENA YS DHALIWAL APARNA SHARMA

58-61

Blood cellular responses in Sarcosystis tenella infected lambs treated with Toltrazuril

SANJAY CHAUDHARY ANJALI CHAUDHARY

62-64

Prediction of runoff from Nagwa watershed

using SCS Curve Number method

SAURABH SINGH PS KASHYAP SK SRIVASTAVA

65-67

Guidelines for authors i

Common abbreviations used in JHA iii

Abbreviations used for citing references iii

Referees of JHA 2012 Vol 3(1) v

Copyright Transfer Statement vi

Membership of ISHA vii

Documents

Journal of Hill Agriculture 2012 Vol 3(1)