Ecoterra - Journal of Environmental www.ecoterra-online.ro Research and Protection, 2012, no. 33.

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ECOTERRA Journal of Environmental Research and Protection The influence of tributaries and their contribution to pollution in Nadăş basin 1Melinda Vigh, 1Zoltan Horvath, 1Greta Mândrean, 2Domnica Pop, 1Luana Turcu, 1Raluca Mihai, and 1Andrada Muresan

1 Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, University Babeş-Bolyai Cluj-Napoca,

Romania; 2 General School Alexandru Vaida Voevod, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Corresponding author: Z. Horvath, okofalu@yahoo.com

Abstract. In modern times Nadăş Basin was exposed to a series of industrial pollution and that from the production agribusiness. Although industrial pollution has been substantially reduced can see a major change. Thus we can show that the lack sometimes total sewage from neighboring towns anthropomorphic pollution is what has replaced the industrial. Pollution of the agribusiness production was increased after the individual production, because modern processes had not taken adequate control environment. We have identified in the Nadas Basin several sources of pollution, which are tributaries to its territory. Key Words: pollution, agribusiness, Nadas, remedial measures.

Introduction. Nadăş basin has many tributaries that can cause massive pollution along the banks although there are conditions and self-cleaning process due primarily to rich snd varied flora (Figure 1). In order to obtain better results, we made measurements of physico-chemical properties of compressed air tributaries [1-10]. Along the river Nadăş we can distinguish several areas where self-cleaning process succeeds in reducing pollution anthropomorphic.

Figure 1. Map of measurements points.

Nadăş basin can be departed in three main areas, namely: - higher rate, which is covered by Nadăş River from its source to the village Aghireş; - middle course stretches from the village to the confluence with the river Aghireş Sânpaul; - the lower that stretches from the confluence Sânpaul with Nadăş, to the confluence of Nadăş with Someşul Mic. As shown in the Figure 2, Nadăş River has a hilly characteristic areas, but it often manifests as a mountain stream.

Ecoterra - Journal of Environmental www.ecoterra-online.ro Research and Protection, 2012, no. 33.

64

Figure 2. Map of River Nadăş.

Results and Discussion. Physico-chemical values measured along the river show that Nadăş river is like a mountain stream (Table 1, Figures 3-6).

Table 1

Physico-chemical values measured along the river Nadăş

Locality

Parameter

pod

ul p

. Vis

tea

p.

Gâr

bău

p.

Mac

ău

Afluen

t p.M

acău

aval

de

Mac

ău

pod

Nad

ăş

Băg

ara

pod

Nad

ăş A

ghir

eş

p.

Leghia

amon

te L

eghia

p.

Nad

ăş c

onf.

Le

ghia

pod

p.

Sân

pau

l

pod

Sân

pau

l

pod

ava

l Sân

paul

pH 7,63 7,81 7,89 8,04 8,16 6,95 8,24 8,2 8,1 3,7 5,62 5,34 7,21

T (°C) 13 16 16 14,5 13,9 13,7 11,2 13,3 13,9 5 10,4 10,8 11,9

Redox potential

-51,6 -50,5 -62 -76 -78 -71 -80 -70 -71 195 67 93 102

Ion conc. 122 144 191,8 60,7 47,6 58,6 47,5 69,5 68,2 >29,9 18,1 40,59 57,8

Conductivity 0,05 0,03 0,05 0,03 0,06 0,04 0,03 0,04 0,03 0,06 slm 0,04 0,02

Rezistivity 18,75 6,29 6,94 4,71 6,2 7,14 2,26 2,2 2,86 13,5 1,92 1,98 6,95

Turbidity (mg/l)

0 0,03 0,02 0,04 0,02 0,02 0,02 2,59 0,02 0,03 0,01 0,07 0,01

Oxygen (mg) slm 0,02 0,04 0,02 slm slm 0,12 19,58 slm 34,95 12,02 16,45 19,6

Chem oxygen (%)

slm 16 21,3 11,3 slm slm 18 183,5 slm 274 114 150 183

Atm. press. 974 972 967 967 968 969 967 961 951 966 972 973 973

Ecoterra - Journal of Environmental www.ecoterra-online.ro Research and Protection, 2012, no. 33.

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7,63 7,52 7,58 7,81 7,89 8,04 8,16

6,95

8,24 8,2 8,1

3,7

5,62 5,34

7,21

0123456789

podul V

istea

Afluen

tul p.

Vistea

Vistea

p.

p. Gârb

ău

p. Macău

Afluen

t p.M

acău

aval d

e Macă

u

p.Leghia

amon

te Legh

ia

pod p. S

ânpaul

pod Sân

paul

pod ava

l Sân

paul

Valoarea pH-ului în bazinul Nadă ului

Figure 3. Value of pH.

-51,6-42,7-42,3-50,5 -62 -76 -78 -71 -80 -70 -71

195

6793 102

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

podul

Vistea

Afluen

tul p.V

istea

Vistea

p.p. G

ârbău

p. Macă

u

Afluen

t p.M

acău

aval

de Macă

u

p.Leghia

amon

te Legh

iapod

p. Sân

paul

pod Sân

paul

pod av

al Sâ

npaul

Valoarea potentialului redox din Bazinul Nadă ului

Figure 4. Value of redox potential.

Ecoterra - Journal of Environmental www.ecoterra-online.ro Research and Protection, 2012, no. 33.

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122

205183

144

191,8

60,7 47,6 58,6 47,569,5 68,2

018,1

40,5957,8

0

50

100

150

200

250

podul

Vistea

Afluen

tul p.V

istea

Vistea

p.

p. Gârb

ău

p. Mac

ău

Afluen

t p.M

acău

aval

de Macă

u

p.Legh

ia

amon

te Leg

hia

pod p. S

ânpa

ul

pod Sân

paul

pod av

al Sâ

npaul

Valoarea concentra iei ionice din Bazinul Nadă ului

Figure 5. Value of ions concentration.

16,52

9,17

11,995

6,22

8,76

5,7758,09 8,4

2,3 2,443,035

15,575

2,11 2,16

9,275

02468

1012141618

podul

Vistea

Afluen

tul p.V

istea

Vistea

p.

p. Gârb

ău

p. Mac

ău

Afluen

t p.M

acău

aval

de Macă

u

p.Legh

ia

amon

te Leg

hia

pod p. S

ânpa

ul

pod Sân

paul

pod av

al Sâ

npaul

Valoarea rezistivită ii apei din Bazinul Nadă ului

Figure 6. Value of rezistivity.

As you can see, the most exposed to the pollutants is the middle basin, while in the lower basin are much larger population of which only few have sewers fine-tuned with the possibility of domestic and industrial wastewater. This would require large amounts of pollutants which would come from tributaries of the Nadăş. But the values obtained show that self-cleaning phenomenon is very "active" which is certified by the pH values. Only ionic concentration has exceeded limits. Very interesting is, however, redox potential changes. So the variation of metal ions is exceeded in some tributaries, eg. Leghia brook or who comes from the village of Mera. There are low pH values showing gross pollution of anthropomorphic origin due to the fact that the toilets are in close proximity of the rivers. As an exception if the stream Sânpaul can remember, which is the longest afluent and where at a distance of approx. 2.3 km phenomenon can be observed very important auto cleaning. So about 2 km from the confluence with the River Nadăş found a rich population of small fish and a very high density, although the village physico-chemical values were entirely unsuitable existence aquatic fauna.

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In the upper stream area Sânpaul have rapid changes in physico-chemical phenomena of self cleaning effect that plays an important role in the life of people and domestic animals, although there are many areas where illegal storage of household garbage and the stables, and so on. Features beds tributaries - which in some places is artificially deepened local management to reduce power flood "lightning" - are much changed and dense vegetation that make self-cleaning phenomenon to be major. If only Nadăş bed along the banks of lush, green area tributaries we find that fully covers the bed causing large wetland expanses. The appearance of these wetlands vegetation change caracetristic bring warmer areas. Conclusions. Following physicochemical values and their change throughout Nadas River can conclude that the most common phenomena is self-cleaning. Pollutants values were exceeded in some areas, but they are quickly "corrected" by the newly created wetlands. Pollutants of anthropomorphic origin can be easily brought to the allowed values if these wetlands are not "disturbed" by converting them into agricultural areas. Pollutants values from industrial process Aghireş-area factory that once produced another massive land changes from agricultural areas adjacent Nadăş are tiny now and be subject to themselves. Thus it can be seen that in some areas could resume production of vegetables (eg. cabbage grows very well). Yet throughout Nadăş is necessary to increase self-cleaning capacity of natural courses by: increasing the discharge effluent dilution natural courses, increase oxygenation capacity natural rivers by creating rapids, waterfalls, etc., natural and artificial mechanical floating rates, arranging complex natural accumulation rates, derivation. The wastewater treatment processes performed by specialized stations that use advanced technology and modern equipment, reliable, efficient has to be done. References *** World water balance and water resources of Earth, UNESCO, Paris, 1978. Lvovich M. I., White G. F., 1990 Use and transformation of terrestrial water in systems.

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Newman P. J., 1988 Classification of surface water quality management. Heinemen

Professional Publishing, Oxford. *** Degrémont, Water Treament Handbook, Lavoisier Publishing Paris, 1991. Berné F., Cordonnier J., 1991 Tratement des eaux. Edition TECHNIP. Chevalier, Technique de l’eau, 33, 386, 1979. *** Az eutrofizáció szabályozása, http://www.vpk.bme.hu/vizepkor/docs/vizminszab/EUTROF.DOC. *** A foszfor körforgása a természetben, http://www.sulinet.hu/tlabor/biologia/teszt/b05.htm. Horváth Z., Sabo I., Mândrean G., Horváth C., 2011 A Lozsárd patak mentén észlelt szennyezettség fokának tanulmányozása 2011, Conference AMT(EME). Bencsics T., Horváth Z., Veress E., Begy R., 2010 A Kapus patak (háztartási)

szennyezettsége és radioaktivitása, 2010, Conference AMT(EME). Authors: Melinda Vigh, University Babeş-Bolyai, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fantanele Str., no. 30, 400294 Cluj–Napoca, Romania Zoltan Horvath, University Babeş-Bolyai, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fantanele Str., no. 30, 400294 Cluj–Napoca, Romania, e-mail: okofalu@yahoo.com Greta Mândrean, University Babeş-Bolyai, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fantanele Str., no. 30, 400294 Cluj–Napoca, Romania Domnica Pop, General School Alexandru Vaida Voievod, Oltului str., no. 83, 400600 Cluj-Napoca, Romania Luana Turcu, University Babeş-Bolyai, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fantanele Str., no. 30, 400294 Cluj–Napoca, Romania Raluca Mihai, University Babeş-Bolyai, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fantanele Str., no. 30, 400294 Cluj–Napoca, Romania Andrada Muresan, University Babeş-Bolyai, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fantanele Str., no. 30, 400294 Cluj–Napoca, Romania How to cite this article: Vigh M., Horvath Z., Mândrean G., Pop D., Turcu L., Mihai R., Mureşan A., 2012 The influence of tributaries and their contribution to pollution in Nadăş basin. Ecoterra 33:63-67.