josef stalin

Hae Sol KimMary GadJOSEF STALIN

Expelled from school right before he graduated for speaking out against the government

Joined underground revolutionary Marxist movement in Tpilisi

1901- elected a member of the Tpilisi committee of the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party

Arrested and exiled to Siberia the following yearWhen the Communist Party split into two factions, he

joined the BolsheviksAfter he escaped, he started organizing bank

robberies and participated in congresses. He met Lenin at one of the congresses and Lenin

recruited him

ORIGINS- STALIN’S EARLY LIFE

Midst of a Social Revolution (Russian Revolution 1917-1918)

Already a single-party state: Communist PartyLenin was the leader, but was very illStalin vs Trotsky for Lenin’s position

ORIGINS- RUSSIA IN THE 1920S

V.

Trotsky (right) was a fi rm Marxist who wanted support for a worldwide revolution against capitalism

Trotsky wanted a Permanent RevolutionStalin (left) wanted to work on socialist views in

Russia fi rstStalin’s supported a Socialism in One Country idea,

which meant that he would try to change Russia into a full-on communist country fi rst. It was more ideal and practical, so more followers supported him instead of Lenin.

Stalin put his supporters into top jobs and isolated Trotsky in his own party

Stalin got rid of all opposition by turning the party against the three main rivals- Trotsky, Kamenev and Zinoviev. He betrayed Kamenev and Zinoviev after they ruined their reputations trying to get rid of Trotsky.

He believed that Russia was behind the world by 50 years, so Russia needs to catch up in 10 years. This led to his 5-year plan.

He had two aims: a centrally planned economy (planned economy) and a totalitarian system of government

As General Secretary of the Communist Party, Stalin was able to consolidate his power

Used Lenin’s death as a way to gain popular support

ORIGINS- EMERGENCE OF A LEADER

He presented himself as patient and calm, and as a role of the administrator everywhere he went- he appealed to his colleagues

He stood behind the scenes of any drama, although he was the catalyst for most of it, and gained the people’s trust

His ideal for socialism in Russia provided people with long-awaited stability

He cunningly put his fellow party members against each other, while playing the role of mediator and the one who implemented the will of the majority

Power was his in 1928

ESTABLISHMENT- METHODS

5 Year Plans- He had roughly thirteen 5-year plans, but the fi rst one is his most famous.

First 5 Year Plan- (1928-1932) In 1928, Stalin outlined the 1st of many five-year plans for

development of the USSR’s economy The five-year plans set unrealistic quotas to increase the

output of steel, coal, oil, and electricity To try and reach these unrealistic quotas, the government

limited consumer production People faced shortages of housing, food, clothing and other

goods People were not allowed to eat if they did not work- no revolts The government controlled every aspect of the worker’s life,

which took a toll on peoples personal lives. It was ultimately a success, and he achieved his quota in four

years instead of the designated five.

RULE- POLICIES

The second Five-Year Plan (1933-37) continued and expanded the fi rst. The third plan (1938-42) was interrupted by World War I I . The fourth covered the years 1946-50, the fi fth 1951-55. The sixth plan

(1956-60) was discarded in 1957, primari ly because it overcommitted avai lable resources and could not be fulfi l led.

I t was replaced by a Seven-Year Plan (1959-65), which fel l far short of est imated increases in agricultural (especial ly wheat) production.

The Seven-Year Plan was considered the start of a longer period (20 years) devoted to the establ ishment of the material and technical basis of a Communist society.

The late 1960s and early 1970s saw increased emphasis placed on consumer goods, and the 9th Five-Year Plan (1971-75) for the fi rst t ime gave priority to l ight industry rather than heavy industry.

The agricultural sector st i l l grew far less than projected in the 10th (1976-80) and 11th (1981-85) Five-Year Plans, and overal l economic performance was poor.

The 12th and fi nal Five-Year Plan (1986-90) projected increases in consumer goods and energy savings, but the economy began to sl ide, shrinking by 4% in 1990. The dissolut ion of the Soviet Union made the formation of a 13th Five-Year Plan a moot point.

RULE-POLICIES

Collectivism In 1925, the government seized 25 million privately owned

farms The government combined them into collective farms Peasants resisted the government and Stalin used terror

and violence to force the peasants to work Stalin used terror and violence to force peasants to work on

the collectives Between 5 and 10million peasants died as a result of

Stalin’s agricultural policies Caused widespread famine later on

RULE- POLICIES

The government controlled everything- including all aspects fo media

If people tried to read/write something else, they were punished severely or sent off to labor camps

He developed a “personality cult”- pictures, poems and novels glorifying Stalin. This was called “Social Realism”

Rigid program of discipline and education. Exams re-introduced (Originally banned by Lenin)

Attack on religions- churches shut down Children expected to join youth organizations to be a

good communist Better working image created for women by state

RULE- SOCIAL FREEDOMS

RULE: MAINTAINING POWER

1) Police Terror Used terror and

violence to force obedience

Monitored telephone lines, read mail, planted informers

Lavrent Beria(right): head of secret police

From 1936-38 known as “The Great Terror” – over 3 million executed and sent to labor camps between 37-38

Show trials Important offi cials arrested,

tortured, confessions (Zinoiev, and Kamenev)

Many of the most competent government offi cials and about half of the military offi cers were executed or jailed;

Purges successful in eliminating alternative leaders and into terrorizing masses into obedience



2) Indoctrination and Propaganda

Stalin relied on indoctrination

Party leaders lectured workers and peasants on the ideals of communism

The State supported youth groups and used them as training grounds for future party members

RULE: MAINTAING POWER

The government controlled all education from nursery school to the university

School children learned the virtues of the Communist Party

They party also set up youth programs called Komsomols

RULE-MAINTAINING POWER

Soviet newspapers and radio broadcasts glorified the achievements of Communism and Stalin

Soviet Realism was an artistic styles that praised Soviet way of life

Restrictions were set on paintings in that they could only portray political figures and exemplary workers in factories and in the fields.

Literature was also censored and authors could only write their novels on a limited amount of themes that were considered permissible by Stalin.


Film Lenin’s idea that film was “the art

of the 20th century” and that it should be used as a propaganda medium. Stalin strongly agreed.

He built hundreds of theatres across the country and used film as a form of his propaganda.

Made sure that all films glorified his policies

He also made sure that the movies showed how “happy” the Russian people were with their regime and him as their leader.



CensorshipStalin would not

tolerate individual creativity that threatened conformity

Government controlled all newspapers, motion pictures, radio and other sources of information

WEAPONS OF TOTALITARIANISM

Religious PersecutionCommunists aimed

to replace religious teachings with the ideals of Communism

The Russian Orthodox Church was the main target of persecution

Roman Catholics and Jews were also persecuted

Rivaled with Western allies for world influenceConvinced China to ally with them in communist ways

under Mao ZhedongEastern Europe and Eastern Germany was under

Stalin’s ruleStalin forced seized power in Czechoslovakia Backed communist parties in Italy, France and

Vietnam, and supported North Korea’s communist dictatorship

In the 1940s, US sympathy dropped, and thus the Cold War began.

IMPACT- FOREIGN POLICY

USA and USSR both believed that they held the key to the future of the human race

Stalin could not forgive US and Britain for helping the Whites against the Bolsheviks

He believed that they delayed D-Day so that Nazis could destroy Russia

Stalin wanted to turn countries communist, (eastern european) and US wanted to stop him

Fulton Speech and Marshall Plan went against what was agreed upon at the Yalta conference (buff er states) but Marshall took an aggressive stance against Stalin

Cold war started with Berlin Blockade. Then, they started competition for world domination

IMPACT- COLD WAR

“A Cold War 1945-63." Cold War 1945-63. 06 Jan. 2013 http://www.johndclare.net/Basics_ColdWar.htm.

"Life in USSR under Stalin." History Learning Site. 06 Jan. 2013 <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/Stalins%2520Russia.htm>.

McCauley, Martin. The Stalin fi le. London: Batsford, 1979.Simmonds, George W. "Joseph Stalin." Joseph Stalin. 06

Jan. 2013 <http://www.davidstuff.com/historical/stalin.htm>.

"Stalin's Russia." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation. 06 Jan. 2013 <http://library.thinkquest.org/C0112205/stalinsrussia.html>.

Tucker, Robert C. . Stalin in power. New York: W.W. Norton, 1992.

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josef stalin