THE RISE OF HITLER & EUROPEAN DICTATORS

1920-38

VOCABULARY

• JOSEF STALIN• TOTALITARIANISM• BENITO MUSSOLINI• FASCISM• ADOLF HITLER• NAZISM• NEUTRALITY ACTS

TIMELINE• 1922: MUSSOLINI SEIZES POWER IN

ITALY• 1924: LENIN DIES / STALIN SEIZES

POWER• 1925: ADOLF HITLER PUBLISHES MEIN

KAMPF• 1931: JAPAN INVADES MANCHURIA• 1933: HITLER BECOMES CHANCELLOR

OF GERMANY• 1936-38: THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR• 1937: JAPAN INVADES CHINA

THE RISE OF DICTATORS• HOW DID WWI SET THE STAGE FOR

WWII?– TREATY OF VERSAILLES PLACED HUGE

FINANCIAL BURDEN ON SOME NATIONS• EX.: GERMANY & WAR REPARATIONS ($33

BILLION)• THIS CAUSED RESENTMENT THAT WAS

MANIPULATED BY AMBITIOUS LEADERS– RESENTMENT DUE TO WHAT?– HOW WAS THIS MANIPULTAED BY AMBITIOUS PEOPLE?– EXAMPLES?

– MANY NATIONS HAD NO EXPERIENCE WITH DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT

– SO…IT WAS EASIER FOR DICTATORS TO SEIZE POWER

– THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS HAD NO REAL POWER TO STOP AGGRESSION FROM DICTATORS

• BorderChanges, 1919

GERMANY AFTER VERSAILLES

DICTATORS• WHAT NATIONS FELL VICTIM TO

DICTATORSHIPS IN THE 1920’s & 30’s?– SOVIET UNION (RUSSIA)– ITALY– GERMANY– JAPAN– SPAIN

• WHO SEIZED POWER IN EACH NATION?– SOVIET UNION: JOSEF STALIN,

COMMUNIST PARTY– ITALY: BENITO MUSSOLINI (a.k.a.“IL

DUCE” ) & THE FACSIST PARTY– SPAIN: GEN. FRANCISCO FRANCO -

MILITARY DICTATORSHIP– JAPAN: 2 LEADERS:

• EMPEROR HIROHITO• GEN. HIDEKI TOJO

Adolf Hitler & Josef Stalin

GERMANY• WHY DID GERMANY BECOME A

DICTATORSHIP IN THE 1930’s?– GERMANY’S ECONOMY WAS

DEVESTATED BY THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

– GERMAN LAND / RESOURCES WERE STRIPPED AWAY BY THE TREATY• EX.: THE RHINELAND SEIZED BY

FRANCE• WHY IMPORTANT? – COAL, MINERAL RESOURCES

WERE THERE – GERMAN PRIDE / HONOR WAS STAINED BY

THE RESULTS OF WWI– MANY GERMANS WANTED TO REGAIN

GERMAN HONOR & POWER– 1932: 6 MILLION GERMANS UNEMPLOYED

• RESULT? CONDTIONS ARE PERFECT FOR THE RISE OF A DICTATOR

1930’s GERMAN

CHILDREN USING

CURRENCY BILLS AS TOY

BUILDING BLOCKS

• ADOLF HITLER:– AUSTRIAN BY BIRTH– DECORATED SOLDIER IN GERMAN ARMY IN WWI– AMBITION WAS TO BE A PAINTER

• REJECTED BY ART SCHOOL• HITLER IS RESENTFUL & RESTLESS

– 1919: JOINED ORIGINAL NAZI PARTY• BECOMES NAZI FURHER, OR LEADER• 1923: HITLER LEADS THE “BEER HALL PUTSCH” IN

MUNICH– IT FAILS, HE AND OTHER NAZIS ARE ARRESTED– TRIED AND IMPRISONED FOR TREASON / ATTEMPTED

REBELLION– DICTATES MEIN KAMPF WHILE IN PRISON

• 1925: PUBLISHES MEIN KAMPF• NAZI PARTY: BASIC IDEAS;

– EXTREME GERMAN NATIONALISM– EXTREME ANTI-SEMITISM / RACIAL IDEOLOGY– BELIEF IN NATIONAL EXPANSION, LEBENSRAUM– BELIEVED “ARYAN” RACE WAS DESTINED TO RULE– QUESTION: HOW DO NAZIS DEFINE “ARYAN”?

• JANUARY, 1933: HITLER ELECTED CHANCELLOR – QUESTIONS:

• WHY DID GERMANS SUPPORT HITLER?• WHAT METHODS DID NAZIS USE TO GAIN POWER?

• NAZIS SEIZE POWER : THE THIRD REICH BEGINS

• Hitler In WWI German Army

Adolf Hitler, 1 yr. old (1890)

MUNICH, GERMANY

AUGUST, 1914OFFICIAL WAR DECLARATION

IS READ TO POPULACE

HITLER REACTS TO NEWS OF

WAR DECLARATIO

N,MUNICH, AUGUST,

1914

HITLER (ABOVE AND RIGHT) WITH

FELLOW GERMAN

SOLDIERS

HITLER (extreme

right) WITH FELLOW

SOLDIERS AND

“FUCHS”, DOG MASCOT

Painting by Adolf Hitler

Hitler & Mussolini , Hitler on Time

TIMELINE / OUTBREAK OF WAR• 1938:

– GERMANY FORCES AUSTRIA TO UNIFY W/GERMANY• CALLED THE “ANSCHLUSS” • HTILER CALLS FOR THE SUDETENLAND (Part of

Czechoslovakia)• GERMANY SEIZES THE SUDETENLAND (Why?)

– THE MUNICH CONFERENCE• HITLER “GUARANTEES’ NO MORE AGGRESSION• NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN (BRITISH PRIME

MINISTER), & FRANCE ACCEPT AGREEMENT• BRITS./ FRENCH THINK APPEASEMENT WILL

WORK• CHURCHILL PUBLICLY WARNS ABOUT NAZIS

• 1939: – GERMANS SEIZE REMAINDER OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA– GERMAN – SOVIET NONAGGRESSION TREATY – GERMANY INVADES POLAND (SEPT.)– FRANCE, BRITIAN DECLARE WAR ON

GERMANY– WW II BEGINS

Munich, 1938: Chamberlain, Hitler, Mussolini

• Chamberlain with Chamberlain & Hitler at

Munich “Guarantees” The Munich Conference

• WINSTONCHURCHILL

WINSTON CHURCHILL

MILTARYEXPANSIO

N OF NAZI

GERMANY,1935 - 39

BLITZKREIG

• DEFINE: “BLITZKREIG”• HOW DID A BLITZKREIG OPERATE?• QUESTIONS:

– WHY DID THE IDEA FOR BLITZKREIG DEVELOP IN THE 1930’s?

– WHY DO YOU THINK THE GERMANS USED BLITZKREIG TACTICS?

BLITZKREIG: BASIC CONCEPTS

• German Airdrop,Crete, Greece, 1940

GERMAN PARATROOPERS, 1940

GERMAN “PANZERS” (TANKS), 1941

• GermanLuftwaffe “Stuka”Dive Bombers, 1940

STUKAS IN ACTION