Joints

• What are the three types of joints? (Material they are made of)

• 1. fibrous• 2. cartilaginous• 3. synovial

• What are the three movements of joints?

• Synarthroses• Amphiarthroses• Diarthroses

• Which joint movement is freely moveable?

• diarthroses

• Which joint movement is not moveable?

• synarthroses

• Describe and give examples of the three fibrous joints.

Fibrous Joints

A. Joints in which bones are connected by fibrous tissue with no cavity.

B. They are capable of no movement.C. Examples:

1. Sutures=between skull bones2. Syndesmosis=between long leg and arm

bones3. Gomphoses= joint between tooth and jaw

(socket)

Sutures

Syndesmosis

Gomphosis

• Where does synchondroses take place?

Cartilaginous Joints

• A. Synchondrosis are immovable joints in which bones are joined by hyaline cartilage.– 1. Ex: epiphyseal plates

• Give an example of a symphyses joint.

• B. Symphyses are slightly moveable joints made of fibrocartilage. Another location is the articulation of the two hip bones=symphyses pubis

• Name the types of synovial joints and give an example of each.

Synovial joints

• A. Are capable of freely moving.– 1. contain:

• Articular cartilage• Joint capsule with synovial membrane and fluid.• Bursae that reduce friction in the joint.

Types of Synovial Joints

• Gliding

• Hinge

• Pivot

• Condyloid or Ellipsoidal Joints

• Saddle joint

Ball and Socket Joint

• What is the purpose of ligament?

• Ligaments are tough bands of connective tissue that attaches one bone to another.

• What do tendons do?

• Bands of cartilage that binds muscle to bone.

• Describe bursae.

• Bursae act to decrease friction and keep bones and tendons from rubbing against each other.

• Differentiate between compact and spongy bone and where it is located.

• Compact bone is found around the shaft of the diapysis, spongy bone is found in the epiphysis.

• Describe the location of the medullary cavity.

• What is the tough membrane that surrounds a long bone?

• periosteum

• What is the name of the membrane that lines the medullary cavity?

• The endosteum

• The main structural units of a bone are:

• Osteons or Haversian Canals

• Describe the main parts of bone structure:

– Lamella – weight-bearing, column-like matrix tubes composed mainly of collagen

– Haversian, or central canal – central channel containing blood vessels and nerves

– Volkmann’s canals – channels lying at right angles to the central canal, connecting blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to that of the Haversian canal

• Osteocytes – mature bone cells• Lacunae – small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes• Canaliculi – hair-like canals that connect lacunae to each other and the

central canal

• How are bones classified?

• 1. long• 2. short• 3. flat• 4. irregular

• Approximately what percent of bone is hydroxyapaties? (calcium salts)

• 65% considered non living

• Describe how the growth plate operates.

• During a person’s early years up until 25 for males, and 18 for females, a line of cells between the diaphysis and epiphysis of all long bones go through mitosis to lengthen the bones.

• Name a condition of the bones.

• Acromegaly= caused by a pituitary tumor that signals the body to keep growing after puberty.

• Giantism= same as above but occurs during the growing period.

• All muscles need calcium. Where will your body harvest calcium if it is in short supply?

• From the bones.