JOINT SERVICE JOINT SERVICE PARACHUTE CENTREPARACHUTE CENTRE

NETHERAVONNETHERAVON

CANOPY CANOPY CONTROLCONTROL

To teach you how to To teach you how to achieve a SAFE achieve a SAFE

controlledcontrolleddescent and landingdescent and landing

The AimThe Aim

Ram AirRam AirParachuteParachuteSystemSystem((RAPSRAPS))

Ram Air ParachuteRam Air ParachuteCharacteristicsCharacteristics

Highly manoeuvrableHighly manoeuvrable

Rectangular in shapeRectangular in shape

Forward speed of 20 - 25 mph Forward speed of 20 - 25 mph (depending on body weight)(depending on body weight)

Turns quicklyTurns quickly

Can glide long distancesCan glide long distances

How the CanopyHow the CanopyWorksWorks

Aerofoil shape - wing design Aerofoil shape - wing design

Open cell front allows air to be Open cell front allows air to be rammed inrammed in

Produces a Semi-rigid wing Low Produces a Semi-rigid wing Low & high pressure create lift& high pressure create lift

Ram Air Parachute - Modes of FlightRam Air Parachute - Modes of Flight

ToggleToggle

Full DriveFull DriveFull BrakesFull Brakes

ToggleToggle

Half BrakesHalf Brakes

ToggleToggle

How The Canopy TurnsHow The Canopy Turns

Toggles are attached to Toggles are attached to steering linessteering lines

Steering lines are Steering lines are attached to the tailattached to the tail

Full Depression Full Depression TurnsTurns

Rapid loss of height Rapid loss of height

DangerousDangerous close to ground close to ground

Continuous turns cause Continuous turns cause fast spiralsfast spirals

WarningWarning

Don,t spiral below Don,t spiral below 1500ft1500ft

Any Questions?Any Questions?

WWindind DDriftrift IIndicatorndicatorLength & weight Length & weight

Thrown from 2500ft Thrown from 2500ft

Simulates a student Simulates a student canopy canopy

J/M can determine the J/M can determine the correct opening pointcorrect opening point

AIRCRAFT RUN IN

WIND DIRECTION- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

STUDENT CROSS

WIND DIRECTION

AIRCRAFT RUN IN

WIND DIRECTION

WDI

OPENING POINT

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

• HOLDINGHOLDING

• RUNNINGRUNNING

• CRABBINGCRABBING

• WIND LINEWIND LINE

ANY ANY QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?

Flight DrillsFlight Drills

1. Check canopy 1. Check canopy 2. Pump brakes twice 2. Pump brakes twice

3. All round observation3. All round observation

LOOKLOOKUPUPAROUNDAROUNDDOWNDOWN

4. Locate the DZ4. Locate the DZNot necessarily over the DZ Not necessarily over the DZ

Depends on wind speed Depends on wind speed Use reference points to locate Use reference points to locate

DZDZMove to holding areaMove to holding area

HOLDING

AREA

5. Assess Drift5. Assess Drift

Over holding / play areaOver holding / play area

Hold into windHold into wind

Assess the wind strengthAssess the wind strength

ANY QUESTIONS?ANY QUESTIONS?

Flight DrillsFlight Drills 1.1. Check canopy Check canopy

2. Pump brakes twice 2. Pump brakes twice 3. All round observation 3. All round observation

4. Locate the DZ4. Locate the DZ (move to (move to holding area) holding area)

5. Assess wind5. Assess wind

ExperimentExperiment

If the wind conditions are not too If the wind conditions are not too strong, carry out the following strong, carry out the following

exercises (over DZ)exercises (over DZ)360360 left turn left turn

360° right turn360° right turn3 practice flares3 practice flares

During Your FlightDuring Your FlightAlwaysAlways RememberRemember:-:-

All round observationAll round observation

Altitude awarenessAltitude awareness

Location of the PLALocation of the PLA

The Landing The Landing PatternPattern

LANDING PATTERN

(left-hand circuit)

Play Area

(up wind)

LANDING PATTERN

(left-hand circuit)

Play Area

(up wind)

Downwind Leg 1000ft

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

LANDING PATTERN

(left-hand circuit)

Downwind Leg 1000ft

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Play Area

(up wind)

Base Leg

500ft

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

LANDING PATTERN

(left-hand circuit)

Base Leg

500ft

Downwind Leg 1000ft

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Play Area

(up wind)

Final Approach 300ft

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

UPWIND HOLDING AREA

1000FTDOWNWIND

LEG

UPWIND HOLDING AREA

1000FTDOWNWIND

LEG

500ft BASE LEG

UPWIND HOLDING AREA

1000ft

DOWNWIND

LEG

500ft BASE LEG

FINAL

APPROCH

300ft

LandingsLandingsSmooth flare from full flightSmooth flare from full flight

(10 ft, 2 - 3 sec's from the ground)(10 ft, 2 - 3 sec's from the ground)

• If you flare too high - keep If you flare too high - keep the toggles depressed & the toggles depressed & adopt the PLF positionadopt the PLF position

• If you flare too low - flare If you flare too low - flare quickly & PLFquickly & PLF

ANY QUESTIONS?ANY QUESTIONS?

Flight DrillsFlight Drills 1.1. Check canopy Check canopy

2. Pump brakes twice 2. Pump brakes twice 3. All round observation 3. All round observation

4. Locate the DZ4. Locate the DZ (move to (move to holding area) holding area)

5. Assess drift 5. Assess drift

ExperimentExperiment

The Landing The Landing PatternPattern

TurbulenceTurbulenceCauses:Causes:thermalsthermals

wind deflected over buildings wind deflected over buildings Effects:Effects:

canopy buffetingcanopy buffetingCure:Cure:

fly on third brakes until fly on third brakes until through turbulencethrough turbulence

Common ProblemsCommon Problems(Nuisance Factors)(Nuisance Factors)

Toggle Released Toggle Released Prematurely Prematurely

Release other toggle Release other toggle

and and

carry on with flight drillscarry on with flight drills

SLIDER SLIDER UPUP

PUMP TOGGLES TWICE

END CELL, END CELL, CLOSURE & CLOSURE & SLIDER UPSLIDER UP

PUMP TOGGLES

TWISTSTWISTS

CHECK CANOPY

KICK OUT OF TWISTS

GRASP TOGGLES

ANY QUESTIONS ?ANY QUESTIONS ?