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The European Commission’s scienceand knowledge service
Joint Research Centre
JRC’s activities report
JRC-CAPLAND team
23rd MARS Conference; Gormanston, IE; 28-29/11/2017
Presentation Outline - JRC’s activities report
• What we did in 2017 and some guidance for 2018 …
Worldview-4 data, © EUSI / Digital Globe TM, 2017,
distributed by EUSI; Gormanston, IE; image date 28/01/2017
2017 Campaign control zones; G4CAP
Presentation Outline - JRC’s activities report
• Campaign 2017
• Image Acquisition - methods, volumes, success rates, trends 2016-2017-2018
• Sentinel 2
• Greening, LPIS QA, area measurement tools validation, FAS
• Preparing 2018
• Technical guidance including impact on greening, CTS, VHR/HR Specs, image geom. benchmarking, G4CAP, etc.
• Image requests for 2018 - status
• Pilot4CAP
• Web application for gathering Pilot projects for the new CAP2020+
• facts and future
Campaign 2017 - CwRS Methods
• Comparison 2016 (acquired) – 2017 (acquired) – 2018 (planned)
• average zone area similar through years of the different methods where VHR are smaller, VHR+HR larger, and aerial plus HR largest
• more VHR only zones
• less VHR + HR zones
• use of S2 …
Campaign 2017 - VHR Zones, Acquisition Windows
• Comparison 2016 (acquired) – 2017 (acquired) – 2018 (planned)
• images/zone 1.1 in 2018 (cf. 1.2 in 2017, and 2016)
• total VHR area reduction from 2016-2017-2018 due to reduction of VHR2
• HHR profile being used instead of VHR profile for period VHR2
Campaign 2017 - VHR details
• CwRS VHR
• success rate 100% (cf. 2016 99.9%)
• main sensor WV2 40.17% (cf. WV2 67%) – WV4 (17.36%) used from May 2017
• av. cloud cover (CC) 1.59% (cf. 2.09%)
• av. elevation angle (ELA) 63.56 deg. (cf. 62.37 deg.)
• average acquisition time 11.4 c.days (cf. 17 c.days)
• profile use: A.1 82.71% Why so little A.6 (<1%) – the specific 50cm EFA LF profile?
• LPIS QA
• Area 32.370km2 ; 144 images (cf. 2016 27.375km2; 124 images)
• Success rate 100% (cf. 100%)
• Average CC 0.11% (cf. 0.2%)
• Average ELA 84.02 deg. (cf. 83.15 deg.)
Worldview-4
17.36%
ECA audit 2016 recommendation – increase representativeness of QA sample
Campaign 2017 - HR zones, acquisition windows
• Comparison 2016 (acquired) – 2017 (acquired) – 2018 (planned)
• images/zone 2.08 reduction (cf. 2.21 in 2017, and 2.45 in 2016)
• most VHR+HR zones now have 2 windows, while 3 in 2016, 2017
• no autumn, no winter periods => S2
• Only one period between VHR1 and VHR2 i.e. no HRB2 period
• Reduction HR 30% from 2016 to 2017 – i.e. S2 use
• then a slight increase again in 2018 - why?
Campaign 2017 - HR details
• CwRS HR
• success rates 95.4% (cf. 2016 95.5%)
• av. acquisition time 12.4 calendar days (16 cd)
• av. CC 0.94% (0.6%)
• av. ELA 67.45 deg.
• Split of profiles (F0 share) 29.4% (29.4%)
• the coarser resolution HR (F0) will not be available in 2018 => S2 …
• Challenges
• Feasibility new (heavy process for HR)
• CC prone areas and short windows (HRB EN, IE, DE)
Average 95.4 %
2017 - HR success rate % by period
Campaign 2017 - image acquisition conclusions
• 2016-2017-2018 analysis is a bit comparing “apples” (2016, 2017) and “pears” (2018), but:
• Positive to see some changes in control methods where:
• Number of images/control zone is decreasing both for VHR and HR
• VHR2 in 2018 decreases substantially in favour more HHR profile imagery
• The HR decrease in favour of S2 was well noted from 2016 to 2017 (30%), much less from 2017 to 2018 …
• MS should make as much as possible use of Copernicus S2 (S1) imagery, “learning …” also in view of the envisaged future “monitoring” approach
• 2017 in particular saw:
• High image acquisition success rates for both VHR and HR
• MS should use correct profiles for the schemes to control …
• LPIS increase with success after ECA recommendation
• MS should make use of a better feasibility for HR - pls. ask us and image providers for advice for best result
• So what about S2 in 2017?
Campaign 2017 - Sentinel2
• Example: KELL, IE; from 15/12/2016 – 15/10/2017 > 10 good acquisitions …
Sentinel2 QLs over KELL, IE from G4CAP; opaque, cirrus cloud masks; courtesy Copernicus/ESA
Campaign 2017 - Sentinel2
MS S2 usage trends:
• 2016 => 2017 => 2018
• 11/32 => 17/32 => ?
but more MS are active (outside S2alert …)
Check of S2 success rates in 2017 CwRS:
• As announced in Ghent we ran S2alert on:
• all valid AWs for VHR and HR zones in Campaign 2017; CC < 5%; covering complete zones
• S2A alone until June 2017
• S2A plus S2B from July onwards
• Server making > 320.000 API COPHUB calls for > 1600 Sentinel requests => total time 7-8 days …
• We are now doing same exercise on a “floating window” covering the whole crop year. This will give S2A/S2B availability on all zones through the whole crop season. i.e. more like monitoring approach …
• Could extend to include images covering also partial zones (and indeed covering all cloud free parcels …)
Average
success
rate 89%
Campaign 2017 - Sentinel2
Average window length (weeks)
10 12 5 7 4 3 7 4 4 5
S2 success rate in VHR1 period
Success
rate 96%
Campaign 2017 - Sentinel2
Average window length (weeks)
10 12 5 7 4 3 7 4 4 5
S2 success rate in HR+1 period
BE_WA has late HR+1 from 1st Oct 29 Oct
Success
rate 84%
Campaign 2017 - Technical guidance
‘Greening Review’ amending the Delegated Act n° 639/2014 in July 2016
Voluntary basis not implemented in 2017
(CTS, check Crop diversification, check EFA …)
Campaign 2017 - LPIS QA
• Updated Technical guidance (07/07/2017)
• TG MTS v.2.1
• TG ETS v.6.2
• Annex I – QC measures
• Annex II – Flow of events
• Annex III – LC concept eligibility
• Annex IV – Four eyes control
• Annex IX – TG population
• Annex X – TG IXIT
• Question and answers after 07/07
https://marswiki.jrc.ec.europa.eu/wikicap/index.php/Question_and_Answers_v.6.2
• Errata
https://marswiki.jrc.ec.europa.eu/wikicap/index.php/ETS_Errata
Campaign 2017 - LPIS QA
Screening reports
• Belgium Wallonia (for D3)
• Hungary (for D3)
• Croatia (for H3)
• Ireland (for D3)
Technical visits
• Italy (June)
• Belgium Wallonia (August)
• Hungary (September)
• Greece (September)
• Ireland (October)
Campaign 2017 - LPIS QA
LPIS QA Portal
• New version https://lpis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/lt/
• Enabled a new form to report MTS imagery/vector metadata
• NB: 7 MTS reports still incomplete or absent
• New B-tests development in progress
• Received 38 LPIS population ZeroPointState files
• 6 still pending for the upload
• Generated and distributed 38 sample pre-selection files
• Delivered 38 LPIS QA imagery packages (out of 44)
• Remaining 6 are ready but still pending for the delivery
Campaign 2017 - LPIS issues to follow-up in 2018
• Reconsidering the role of the RP type (lessons learned from IXIT)
• Was a practical solution for the establishment of the initial graphical identificationof the AP
• But has a different place in a “multi layer” LPIS and GSAA
• In-depth assessment of pro-rata implementation
• Methods applied by EU MS revealed inconsistencies
• Big data and automation call for revised strategy
• Fine-tuning of LPIS/GSAA design to serve CAP monitoring
• Explicit graphical data on land cover within the RP
• Correct assembly of all spatial themes for IACS
• NB: Excel is still the preferred format for MTS exchange
• NB: System data delivery incomplete (issues with INSPIRE implementation?)
Campaign 2017 - Area measurement tools validation
• Some 13 validation checks + 3 pending
• 1 VHR ortho imagery
• 1 pending Stereo imagery
• GNSS and even dGPS
• All below 50 cm buffer tolerance (some <10 cm)
lighter validation method
• Anyhow set to 50 cm
‘resolving power on field’
Dominique
Campaign 2017 - FAS database
Collect information about FAS implementation and share it
GAEC database experience
FAS questionnaire
FAS module in the GAEC databaseGAEC users
FAS users
users
36%
Campaign 2017 - FAS database
A user friendly approach
Functions to complete the questionnaire (125 questions)
Official notification
Easy update (and only when it is needed)
Sharing information: Query/Reports
Campaign 2017 - FAS database
Time frame
Questionnaire presentation in the expert group
28/06 26/9
FAS database presentation in the expert group
FAS database on line for editing
17/10
Deadline (extended 15/11)
24/10
Comments from Member States
Creating the web-application
17 notifications on-line
31/10
First notification
36 users(8 MSs/countries missing!!)
Juan’s presentation tomorrow
Preparing 2018 - Technical guidance
• Impact from ‘Greening review’ and ‘OMNIBUS’
• Amendments among other of 639/2014 and 809/2014
• Substantial changes in DG AGRI guidance
• Ban of pesticides
• EFA types grouped
• Adjacent
• New EFA crops
• New crops for diversification
• …Presentations
DG AGRI D2
DG AGRI D3
Preparing 2018 - Technical guidance
DS-CDP-2015-10Management of layers LPIS
DS-CDP-2015-11LPIS up-date
DS-CDP-2015-09OTS Check EFA
DS-CDP-2015-08OTS Check Crop Diversification
DS-CDP-2016-03On-The-Spot Checks ‘CTS’
Quality check of ortho-imagery
HR Image Acquisition Specifications
VHR Image Acquisition Specifications
Vineyards area measurements
MonitoringDS CDP 2017 03
Not ‘so many’ changes
in technical guidance
Preparing 2018 - Technical guidance
• EFA, Crop diversification, Vineyard area measurements
New elements with no impact on check methods
• Common Technical Specifications (Not so many changes)
• Highlight important messages
Preparing 2018 - Technical guidance (CTS)
• Common Technical Specifications
• 2 major additions
• Geotagged photos
also scanned labels, invoices …
Evidence to replace farm visit, RFV …
• Possible use of ‘Monitoring like methods’
Additional information to support CAPI
Geotagged photos
Monitoring
Preparing 2018 - Technical guidance (VHR/HR)
New VHR/HR Specifications for 2018 Campaign published 20/11/2017
• Comments welcome from MS Administrations and contractors
Reworked:
• More consistency between documents, no repeats, terminology, acronyms etc.
• HR is generic for high resolution and includes all HHR profiles (HR profile does NOT exist)
• VHR is generic for all very high resolution profiles
• Buffer around zones - calculation aid (VHR)
• No autumn, no winter periods => S2
• No HRB2 period => too short
• VHR2 period => HHR profile
• Feasibility chapters updated – pls. study for best results here …
• More mosaic help from image provider – help from IPs to MS in accepting proposed so capacity can shift to next zone …
• Update of profile characteristics
• New LPIS QA chapter
• etc.
https://g4cap.jrc.ec.europa.eu/g4cap/Default.aspx?tabid=172
Max. height
difference
[m]
Recommended
buffer [m]
Max. height
difference
[m]
Recommended
buffer [m]
Max. height
difference [m]
Recommended
buffer [m]
Max. height
difference
[m]
Recommended
buffer [m]
Max. height
difference [m]
Recommended
buffer [m]
100 84 100 67 100 42 100 31 100 18
200 168 200 135 200 85 200 61 200 35
300 252 300 202 300 127 300 92 300 53
400 336 400 270 400 170 400 122 400 71
500 420 500 337 500 212 500 153 500 88
600 503 600 405 600 255 600 183 600 106
700 587 700 472 700 297 700 214 700 123
800 671 800 540 800 340 800 245 800 141
900 755 900 607 900 382 900 275 900 159
1000 839 1000 675 1000 424 1000 306 1000 176
1500 1259 1500 1012 1500 637 1500 459 1500 264
2000 1678 2000 1349 2000 849 2000 611 2000 353
Maximal height difference = Maximal height of the AOI - Average base height of the AOI
General recommendations for a buffer creation around CwRS zones
Minimum elevation angle 50˚
Relevant profiles: A1, A11,
A12, A3, A6, A61, A62
Minimum elevation angle 56˚
Relevant profiles: A2
Minimum elevation angle 67˚
Relevant profiles: A5, A51, A52
Minimum elevation angle 73˚
Relevant profiles: A2 (K3)
Minimum elevation angle 80˚
Relevant profiles: A7, A71, A8,
A81
Preparing 2018 - image benchmarking.
• Geometric benchmarking
• WV4 performed and introduced in VHR Campaign in May 2017 - successfully
• S2B performed with July/August 2017 S2B data - successfully
• PlanetScope ongoing (of interest also for future monitoring)
• Reference to presentation in Technical developments session by Planet, DE
• Imagery products (time series) delivered for the benchmarking over Maussane (PlanetScope)
• Basic scene product – 3,9 m GSD
• Ortho scene product - 3,0 m GSD
• Orto Tile product - 3,125m GSD (resampled)
• 4-band multispectral image (blue, green, red, near-infrared)
• The external quality control has been performed by measuring the planimetric error of a set of GCPs
• The geometric requirements for the CAP checks (HHR F2. ORTHO profile MSP):
• RMSE in Easting and Northing directions should not exceed ≈1.5xGSD i.e ≤ 5,85m
Worldview-4 - publication
http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/rep
ository/handle/JRC107673
Sentinel2B - publication
http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/rep
ository/handle/JRC107674
Product being
tested
Preparing 2018 – image benchmarking.
• Absolute positional accuracy test
• 81 GCPs identified over Maussane AOI (10x10km)
• 28 GCPs suitable for control
• preliminary results: absolute positional accuracy over Maussane
• RMSE(E) = 4,868 m
• RMSE(N) = 3,712 m
• CE(90) = 9,294 m
• Next step
• Check other geographic areas. Measure relative positional accuracy over two LPIS QA zones (VHR)
Existing GCP data sets over AOI
• Introduced in 2015 for the Campaign 2016 - now on its 3rd year in production environment - constantly enhanced - driven by stakeholders input
• 290 registered users; ≈ 600 user interactions /day (edit, create, delete); 31 logins / day; 49 operative emails sent / day; 73,174 lines of code
• In 2017 - CIAS (Campaign Image Acquisition Statistics), pre-IRs and budget management, new acquisition upload, Pilot4CAP module, EPSG codes and new IDQA, new Feasibility management, S2alert upgrades, etc.
• For 2018 – new image return module (source and ortho), further CIAS, Campaign Results stats. update
• Training ongoing here in Dublin – advance registration, but contact Giovanni Di Matteo to get a slot
Preparing 2018 -
G4CAP
Preparing 2018 – pre-IRs request
2018 (what are we checking in 2018)
1. Total no. of applications > 7.000.000
2. Total no. of OTS checks ≈ 475.000
3. Total OTS checks for greening ≈ 180.000
4. CwRS 83% Total
474,139
Preparing 2018 – pre-IRs request
2018 (cf. volumes discussed earlier in presentation)
1. image use optimization, and effective controls
2. some negotiation with some MS but iterations are now complete
3. Any questions can be taken up here in Dublin
Pilot4CAP - Some basic facts
• Platform calls for sharing/reporting of publicly known new or ongoing pilot projects performed in preparation for
the new CAP 2020+.
• Agreed on at Amsterdam workshop (30-31/03/2017)
• The Platform was created by the JRC upon the request of the MS Administrations and DG AGRI
• JRC integrated the platform into G4CAP web application i.e. no additional account needed
• The aim is to build an information basis for the EC Services, and the MS Administrations.
• https://g4cap.jrc.ec.europa.eu/G4CAP/pilot4cap
Pilot4CAP - Screenshot
Reporting options
Filtering options
Pilot4CAP - Content
• 16 projects inserted
7 pilot project ongoing
9 projects concluded ( 3 directly relate to CAP 2020+, 6 old projects that could be relevant)
Ongoing:
SEN4CAP (EC)
RECAP (GR)
Grass mowing detection system (EE)
Detection and control of Catch crops (DK)
Main crop detection/crop diversification (DE)
Automated Detection of alpine fodder areas (AT)
COPERCAP (ES)
Concluded:
CzechAgri project (CZ)
Crop map of England (UK)
Automated detection of grassland mowing, arable and abandoned land (LT)
…
Pilot4CAP - Future
• Number of inserted projects is disappointing
• JRC encourages all coordinators/responsible persons to insert their pilot projects into G4CAP
Awareness of what is going on
To share experiences between MS/stakeholders
To support collaboration
• Options for its future should be discussed.
2018 rather uncertain … however in 2019 …
Basis of future CAP ?
Mid-year
Multiannual Financial Framework ?
Mid-year
CAP2020+ or CAP2023+ ?
Pilot studies on Monitoring ?
Is present CAP image requests effective ?
Pilot4CAP database continues ?
Is present use of S2 optimal?
Any questions?
You can find us all at:JRC [email protected]
Specific imagery at:[email protected] Worldview-4 data, © EUSI / Digital Globe TM, 2017,
distributed by EUSI; Gormanston, IE; image date 17/10/2017
