Joint Command and Controlfor Net-Enabled Weapons (JC2NEW)

Joint Test (JT)

Managing the Net-Enabled WeaponsKill Chain

Testing in a Live-Virtual-Constructive Environment

Col Steven J. Walker, USAFDirector

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1. REPORT DATE JAN 2009 2. REPORT TYPE

3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2009 to 00-00-2009

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Managing the Net-Enabled Weapons Kill Chain Testing in aLive-Virtual-Constructive Environment

5a. CONTRACT NUMBER

5b. GRANT NUMBER

5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER

6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER

5e. TASK NUMBER

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7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Joint Command and Control for Net-Enabled Weapons (JC2NEW),JointTest (JT),Alexandria,VA,22311

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12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited

13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Live-Virtual Constructive Conference, 12-15 Jan 2009, El Paso, TX

14. ABSTRACT

15. SUBJECT TERMS

16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT Same as

Report (SAR)

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Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18

Quarterback Receiver

the way it is now…..

Fire and forget…

Quarterback OriginalReceiver

NewReceiver

Retask

What if you could call the football?

You enable QB to change receiver after he throws the ball!

What if you had more than one ball?

More than one quarterback?

We can do this now with Net‐Enabled Weapons using  C2 processes

Net-Enabled Weapon

• Evolving Definition:

“Weapons whose functions can enhance, or be enhanced by, network operations to include initial targeting; launch; fly-out; re-direction; re-targeting; bomb-hit-indications (BHI); health and status; location; sensor operations; and loiter/self-destruct actions.”*

• Warfighter Translation“A net-enabled weapon is another weapon in our tool kit. We need to understand and learn how to optimize its effectiveness.”

6

*Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System Architecture Concept of Operations for Network Enabled Weapons, developedby the Weapons Data Link Network Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration

7

Current or Near-TermNet-Enabled Weapons

WEAPON SERVICE IOC TGT set/profile

TLAM Blk IVTactical Tomahawk

NAVY FIELDED Mobile or fixed / long range 700+nm

JASSM-MIMaritime Interdiction

AIR FORCE 2012 ? Mobile or fixed / medium-long range 200+nm

WEAPON SERVICE IOC TGT set/profile

NLOS-LS Precision Attack Missile (PAM)

ARMY 2010-11 Moving, mobile or fixed / short range ~40nm

Small Diameter Bomb 2 USAF 2014 Moving, mobile or fixed / short range ~30-50nm

WEAPON SERVICE IOC TGT set/profile

SLAM-ER NAVY/USMC FIELDED mobile or fixed / medium-long range 50-150nm

JSOW C-1 NAVY 2009-10 Mobile or fixed / short-medium range 15-65nm

Harpoon III NAVY 2010-11 Moving, mobile, or fixed / short-medium range

Direct Attack

Stand Off

Long Range / Loiter

Problem Statement

Current operational concepts and joint command and control procedures do not support the joint force’s ability to employ

net-enabled weapons against dynamic targets

Reviewed and validated by USPACOM sponsor and Joint Warfighter Advisory Group

8

9

JC2NEW Test Design Approach

0. Develop T&E Strategy

Evaluate joint time-sensitive targeting processes within Service and DOD architectures

1. Characterize TestIdentify relevant C2 process and developed new or unique processes for net-enabled weapons, focusing on post launch execution

2. Plan TestParticipate in Virtual Flag and Northern Edge planning conferences, technical interchange meetings, and JC2NEW Joint Warfighter Advisory Group

3. Implement LVC-DE

Develop Virtual Flag and Northern Edge Customer Requirement Documents, development of integration test plan, and JC2NEW accreditation of JLVC-DE

JC2NEW JT 2008022700110

2

Fix and Track Target(multiple sensors)

NetworkArchitecture

4

1 Find Targets

C2 Node Assesses Situation &Determines/Direct Engagement Actions

3

Net-Enabled Weapons

Assess5

Engage

• Continuous Data Exchange(health/position/status)

• In-flight Target Updates (as required)

Target

Weapon Impact Indication

Data link or terminal guidance

(Fixed/Mobile/TST) FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Basic Net-Enabled Weapon Entities

• Re-Tasking Authority (RA) is the entity with authority to direct post-launchexecution (PLE) of a net-enabled weapon (NEW)

• The weapon controller (WC) is the entity designated to provide in-flight targetupdates, abort, loiter, and retarget NEW commands

• The sensor is the entity designated to track and report the target’s location

Re-Tasking Authority

DMOC NE 08 Systems

13

NE 08 – DMOC LVC HubJC2NEW Field Test 1 (FT-1)

• JCS Approved and Funded Exercise

• USPACOM-Validated Joint Scenario

• Alaskan Command Sponsored

Maritime Focus

US Only: ~7000 USN, USMC, USAF, and USA personnel

Largest JLVC event ever conducted

14

NE 08 (JC2NEW FT-1) Distributed Mission Environment

Kirtland AFB – DMOC

Hickam AFB

Robins AFB

Boeing St Louis

F-15C V Red Air VF-15E V Red Ships C CRC V DACSMTDSNGTSE-8C V

F/A-18 VSLAM-ER C

NE JECGE-3CF-15CF-22SOF

E2 EDRT

Gulf of Alaska (GOA)Live/Virtual/Constructive Battle spaceF-22 LDDG L/V F-15 L/VE-2C L/V F-16 L/VEP-3E V/C Threat IADS V/CE-3C L/V Maritime Threat L/V/CE-8C V Air Threat L/V/CF-18 V

Pacific Alaska Range Complex (PARC)Live/Virtual/Constructive Battlespace

AF IWC DICEDIADS

E-8C

613 AOCTACTOM

Pt Mugu, CA

Lackland AFB

Net-Enabled Weapons employment was major exercise focus for ALCOM

LVC provided only large scale Maritime Interdiction ops during exercise

Blue indicates persistent JNTC nodes for white cell

Green indicates weapon model integration using existing DREN/JTEN

Elmendorf AFB

JC2NEW FT-1Systems for NE 08

JC2NEW NE 08 Nodes

• 705 CTS, DMOC, Kirtland AFB, NM− LVC Network Hub; E-8C Virtual Surveillance Target Attack Radar Simulation (VSTARS),

constructive P-3/EP-3 simulation, White Cell test control; DREN, JTEN, Distributed Mission Operations Network (DMON) connectivity

• Pt. Mugu, CA, Naval Warfare Development Center− E-2C Enhanced Deployable Readiness Trainer (EDRT); NCTE connectivity

• Tactical Training Group Pacific (TACTRAGRUPAC) Pt. Loma Naval Base, CA, − Network and simulation tool interface for E-2C simulation; NCTE to JTEN connectivity

• Boeing CIDS St. Louis, MO− F/A-18E/F Low Cost Trainer (LCT), SLAM-ER 3-degrees of freedom constructive simulation;

DREN connectivity• 613th Air and Space Operations Center (AOC), Hickam AFB, HI

− AOC Combat Operations to include Chief Combat Operations (CCO), Senior Offensive Duty Officer (SODO)/Offensive Duty Officer (ODO), Senior Air Defense Officer (SADO)/Command and Control Duty Officer (C2DO), Senior Intelligence Duty Officer (SIDO)/Intelligence Duty Officer (IDO), Dynamic Targeting Cell (DTC), Attack Coordinator, Targeting Technicians, Tomahawk Land Attack Missile (TLAM) Duty Officer (DO) using Tomahawk Command and Control System (TC2S); JTEN connectivity

− Tomahawk Command and Control System (TC2S) integration at the AOC representing the TACTOM planning and strike cells

• 116 Air Control Wing (ACW), Robins AFB, GA− VSTARS; DMON connectivity

Mission Thread ImplementationLVC Environment

• The JT demonstrated the following attributes of the distributed LVC FT-1 environment:

• Integrated Sensor – C2 – shooter system simulations• Functional Link-16 simulated data network• Functional voice communications• Functional collaborative tools• JC2NEW scenarios provided a robust integrated

dynamic and time-sensitive targeting environment• CONOPS and TTP were clearly defined in the Net-

Enabled Weapons Handbook• Operators trained for net-enabled C2 process

implementation by JT personnel• JT personnel trained for the LVC exercise venue

FT-1 Bottom Line

• Warfighters successfully executed post launch weapon re-tasking against dynamic and time-sensitive targets in the NE 08 LVC environment− Significantly improved engagement opportunities and

responsiveness against mobile and rapidly emerging high-priority targets

− Warfighters provided invaluable feedback on JC2NEW-developed TTP, which will be incorporated in the Net-Enabled Weapons Handbook

18

FT-1 focused on a specific maritime environment comprised of a maritime interdiction mission scenario.

The overall objective of FT-1 was to:‘ Refine and evaluate the TTP developed during JC2NEW’s Phase I to meet the needs of the warfighter in a maritime environment.’

1919

Observations - General

For many warfighters, this exercise was their first exposure to net-enabled weapons capabilities and processes. The 613th Air and Space Operations Center (AOC) participants recognized the value gained to the extent that they requested JC2NEW participation in future Northern Edge and Virtual Flag scheduled events

• LVC events can improve operational integration and training− Leverage VC to augment/replace low density, high demand (LDHD)

assets, replicate MI assets/targets, and stimulate AOC level training

• The NE 08 LVC venue proved a credible environment for integrated C2 operations at Operational-Tactical level− Joint systems capabilities/limitations education and training lacking− C2 constellation fully leveraged in various configurations

• Identified TTP opportunities for degraded ops - capability gaps addressed• “Best opportunity we’ve ever had for joint ops” - AWAC Msn CC

When the strike of a hawk breaks the body of its prey, it is because of timing.-Sun Tzu

• C2 processes are the critical link to effectively engage emerging, time-sensitive, moving, or relocated targets using net-enabled weapons

• The JC2NEW tailored net-enabled weapon C2 dynamic processesenable a flexible and responsive kill chain – they require:

• Preplanning for supporting assets (ISR, 3PS) • A knowledgeable C2 structure• Clear lines of authority for actionable events• Comprehensive battlespace situational awareness

• Target timeline• Weapon timeline• C2 Process timeline

• Training, training, training – Well planned LVC exercises are excellentvenues for TTP development and testing in a joint environment

Summary

Back-up Slides

22JC2NEW JT 20080123001

Net‐Enabled Weapon Post Launch Execution

Advantage to the Commander… but only through C2 processes

No-Fly Zone

SAM

Re-Task Message

Planned Route

Bomb Hit IndicationBattle Damage Indication

Planned Target

Re-Task Route

Alternate Target Options

Re-Task Opportunities

Alternate Routes

Dynamic Target

Re-Tasked Target Update

Example: Tactical Tomahawk

• Two-way satellite data link• 15 preprogrammed alternate targets • Net-Enabled Weapon (re-task to new target!)• Ability to loiter over battlefield awaiting TST• Transmits battle damage indication (BDI) imagery• Anti-jam GPS receiver

• Length 18.25 feet• Diameter 20.3 inches• Cruise Speed ~475 miles per hour• Range ~1000 SM• Warhead WDU-36/B• Launch Platform Submarine/Ship• Navigation Inertial/TERCOM/Anti-Jam GPS/DSMAC+• Data Link UHFSATCOM• In Inventory 385

Block IV ‐109E

High Priority Pop-Up Target

• TACTOM is already launched to a preplanned ATO target

• Intel is received on the location of a high priority target

• TACTOM is in range• AOC coordinates and

re-tasks TACTOM to strike higher priority target

• Target has a bad day

Testing the C2 Phase Concept for PLE

Situation: After a net-enabled weapon is launched, the designated target is moving, has relocated, or a different target becomes a higher priority.

FIND FIX TRACK TARGETC2 PLE

ENGAGE (Net-Enabled Weapon Advantage) ASSESS

Phase 1Begin Re-Task

Plan

Phase 2Select Re-Task

Plan

Phase 3Issue Re-Task

Order

Phase 4Execute

Re-Task Order

Phase 6Estimated Damage

Assessment

FIND

FIX

TRACK

TARGET ENGAGE

Phase 5Guide

weapon

A Commander has the ability to authorize the net-enabled weapon to be re-tasked post-launch if critical C2 activities are accomplished.

Easy right? Not quite…

• Many players in AOC involved:− DTC− SIDO− SODO− SADO− CCO− TLAM DO− Airspace Tech

• Effective communication flow and C2 are critical

What is JADOCS?

• Joint Automated Deep Operations Coordination System (JADOCS)− Joint mission management software application− Suite of tools/interfaces for horizontal and vertical integration across battlespace

functional areas− Provides capability to integrate ISR data and task offensive resources

• Improves strike timing to coincide with enemy movements− Over 3000 users worldwide

• Used in support of operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, used in all US unified commands

28JC2NEW JT 20080123001

The way it is now…

No-Fly Zone

SAM

Planned Route

Planned Target

Re-Task Route

Alternate Target Options

Re-Task Opportunities

Alternate Routes

Dynamic Target

Re-Tasked Target Update

29JC2NEW JT 20080123001

Dynamic Target pops up ‐Re‐task weapon in flight

No-Fly Zone

SAM

Planned Route

Planned Target

Re-Task Route

Alternate Target Options

Re-Task Opportunities

Alternate Routes

Dynamic Target

Re-Tasked Target Update

30JC2NEW JT 20080123001

Multiple possible targets from loiter ‐Commander’s decision

No-Fly Zone

SAM

Planned Route

Planned Target

Re-Task Route

Alternate Target Options

Re-Task Opportunities

Alternate Routes

Dynamic Target

Re-Tasked Target Update

31JC2NEW JT 20080123001

Commander needs time to determine best target ‐sends TACTOM to 2nd loiter waiting on ISR

No-Fly Zone

SAM

Planned Route

Planned Target

Re-Task Route

Alternate Target Options

Re-Task Opportunities

Alternate Routes

Dynamic Target

Re-Tasked Target Update

32JC2NEW JT 20080123001

After re‐ task to new target, dynamic target pops up ‐Commander re‐tasks again for TST kill

No-Fly Zone

SAM

Planned Route

Planned Target

Re-Task Route

Alternate Target Options

Re-Task Opportunities

Alternate Routes

Dynamic Target

Re-Tasked Target Update

FT-1JC2NEW Voice Comm and Wan Connections

Observations - Standoff

• JSTARS 3rd Party Source track information was critical to successful target prosecution.

• Sweeper weapon TTP was utilized and increased ordnance on target in constrained operational environment.

• Estimated Damage Assessment TTP was critical to most efficient use of limited resources.

The JT integrated a standoff LVC environment in which Navy pilots executed F/A-18E and SLAM-ER weapons employment utilizing JSTARS third party

source target data with an E-2C command and control platform in a maritime interdiction scenario.

ObservationsLong-Range Net-Enabled Weapons

• Addition of the TLAM Duty Officer at the AOC significantly enhanced the use of TACTOM by the JFACC to counter dynamic targets.− This duty position may transition into a Net-Enabled Weapons Duty Officer

• Allowed the AOC to visualize the location and status of individual TACTOM missions.− This capability dramatically improved the AOC’s situational awareness and

ability to re-task airborne long-range weapons in dynamic targeting missions.

• Additional training and TTP development required for coordinatedjoint weapons engagements

The JT integrated a long range LVC environment in which the 613th AOC Combat Operations Division, through the Dynamic Targeting Cell,

executed Tactical Tomahawk missions against relocated dynamic targets using Tomahawk Mission Distribution System (MDS) to relay

target and routing information to the missile post launch.

JTDCol Steve Walker

Mr. Rowlan Bevan

Support StaffEglin AFB, FL

Security and Safety Kirtland AFB, NM

Test Control CellDMOC

Kirtland AFB, NM

MSEL Monitoring

Data Manager

Data Collection and Analysis

E-2CPt. Mugu, CA

F/A-18SLAM-ERBoeing, STL

Standoff Test

OperationsKirtland AFB, NM

TLAM DO613 AOC

DTC613 AOC

Long Range Test

OperationsHickam AFB, HI

Data Collection and Analysis MSEL Monitoring

JC2NEW FT-1 Test Team Structure

FT-1 Data Collection Nodes

21st Century WarfightingPrecision Engagement

Full Spectrum Dominance• Exploit every source– leverage what we have

• Provide shared situation awareness & understanding

• Support dominant speed of command

• Provide precise, synchronized execution

• Allow agility and flexibility

Enabled By Network Centric Warfare

JFLCC

Joint Tactics, Techniques,and Procedures for

Integration and Interoperability ofJoint Special Operations

Tactics, Techniques,and Procedures for

Integration and Interoperability of

Special OperationsForces and

Conventional Forces

JTFJFLCC

Division

JSOTF

FOBB rigade

B attalion

CLOSE AIR SUPPORT NODE

GROUND FIRE SUPPORT NODE

AFATDS

SOF-DE

DM S

G CCSCOP

DCTS

TBM CS

NetM eetingmIRChatE-mail

JFACC

G CCSCOP

DCTS

DM SAFATDS TBM CS

ADO CS

AFATDS

G CCS-MC2PC

G CCSDCTSCOP

G CCSCOP

DCTS

DM SAFATDS TBM CS

ADOCS

AFATDS

G CCS-MC2PC

AFATDS

G CCS-MC2PC

AFATDS

G CCS-MC2PC

LINK 16

SOF-DE

SPECIAL OPERATIONSTEAM NODE

SV-1

UH

F/VH

F/Cell/Sat Phone

UH

F/V

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SATCOM

SATCO

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SAT

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OM

UH F/VHF/Cell/Sat PhoneUHF/VHF/Cell/Sat Phone

JTFJFLCC

Division

JSOTF

FOBB rigade

B attalion

CLOSE AIR SUPPORT NODE

GROUND FIRE SUPPORT NODE

AFATDS

SOF-DE

DM S

G CCSCOP

DCTS

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NetM eetingmIRChatE-mail

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ADO CS

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G CCS-MC2PC

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G CCSCOP

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DM SAFATDS TBM CS

ADOCS

AFATDS

G CCS-MC2PC

AFATDS

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AFATDS

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LINK 16

SOF-DE

SPECIAL OPERATIONSTEAM NODE

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UH F/VHF/Cell/Sat PhoneUHF/VHF/Cell/Sat Phone

12/26/2003 UNCLASSIFIED “DRAFT”Joint Integration and Interoperability of Special Operations

92

Out of scope of J IISO

Plan Joint Fires &

M aneuver

A1

Assess Results of Joint F ires

& M aneuverA3 Transition

A4

FS CMManeuver CM

JFS TasksReport of Enemy Intent/

IntelligenceSituationa l Awareness

Boundary/CM Changes

Call for Joint Fires

A2

FS Orders

Maneuver Orders

AO DecisionFS Request ClearedFS Request Resourced

Results of FSResults of Maneuver

CDR’s Intent

ROE OPLANSOPORDS M ovement & Operatio nal Co nstraintsTask/Missio n

Constraints

Environment

FS Systems/Applications

FS Nodes/Agenc ies

FS Request

Regs., Instr., & Man.

Day in the Life of JIISO Test

Conduct Joint Fires and Maneuver OV-5

CONOPS, Handbooks,Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques,and Procedures

DOTMLPF ChangeRecommendation

Integrated NetworkArchitectures Assessment

Test and TrainingMethodologies and Infrastructure

JC2NEW Products