Joint CB Technical Data Source Book on Riot Control Agent CS

JCP-I, DPG REGRADED UNGLASSIFIED

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AD 5/Z )73LRDTE Project No. l-X-6-65704-D-634-02USATEC0M Project No. 5-C0-473-000-008DTC Project No. DTC-71-50.l

.JOINT C B TECH NICAL DATAS OURC E BOOK tUI

VOLUME I I

Part One - Agent CS (U)

SEPTEMBER I 970

lhrt documcnt contorni inforhotron oflectrng thenolronol dclcnrc ol the U 5. wirhrn rhe mrcn'ng olthc Erpronoge lqwr, Trtle 18, USC. Sccs 793ond 791. Thc t.onimission or rcvelol,on of rt!conlant3 in ony monncr to on unouthotrrcd personis p.ohibit"d by low.

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In addltton to eecurLty requLremente whtch apply todocumenE and must be met, each Eranarnltt,al out.sLdement of Defense must have prlor approval of:

thiethe Depart-

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Diepoaltlon Inrtructl.ons

When thie document Le no longer needed, Department of theArmy organlzatl-one wlll degtroy thls document Ln accordancewlth the proceduree glven ln AR 380-5. Other organizatLonswill deetroy thl-e document wlth proceduree glven ln EhelrapproprtaEe regulatLona. Department of Defenge contractorswill return the document to the Conroandlng Officer, DesereETest Center, Fort Douglae, Utah 84113.

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STEPD-rT(S) Joint CB Technical Data Sotrrce Book (U)

- chi"f, Admr.n Div t-" Dir"ctor, T&TsDATI

10 Nov 70clfr I

The Joint CB TechnicaL Data Source Book, Volusedated September L97O, is rel-eased for distribution.

II,

Duncanson / cbg/4243

Part One - Agent CS (U),

C. GRANT ASIIDirectorTechnology and Technical SupporE

STEPD-PT-AD(s) (10 Nov 70)

T0: Chief, Editorial Office FROM: Chief, Admin Div DATE: 1?ilgv lg70

SubJect d.ocument was distributed from Admin Div thls date.

.?

clm 2

ChlefAdministration Division

A tOtI ar t(lE iGpl^crr DD toiltta, tx||?tro tu?tltrt otrtllct{urLL rtA t r:i re A|VO pruio-els wrD uxTrl I rlr at Utlsg frorlti fXxettfrio. 'fr cror r,.o-rer -tst,/ztt

STEPD-TT-JP (S )

SIEJECT: Is sueVolume

DESETET TEg?.8TXTITBurLomc r oo, EoLDtrR*..qtEEI.E

FORT OOUGLAS, UTAH tatt!

I ? ilw l97C

of First Edttion of Joint CB Technical Data Source Book,II Agent CS

SEE DISTRIBUTION

I. The subject volume of the Joint CB Technlcal Data Source Book is thefirst of seventeen to be issued by this Headquarters. It is for yourinformation and retentlon. Revlew coples of Volume IIr if prevlouslysupplied, should be dlsposed of accordlng to instructions contained withinthe volume.

2. An Introductlon Volume, Volume I, under ftnal revlew at this time,wlII be l-ssued ln the near future. It contalns background information onthe Source Book and the plan DTC will follow ln provlding updates tomal-ntain lts value to the user. Other volumes wlII be released as ourreviews are compLeted.

3. To assure that DTC is fully responsive to the needg of the ommunltyin this cooperative effort, I have deslgnated Mr. Vtctor Pratt' AUTOVON

724-4368, as the Source Book Program Manager. Questlons on any asPectsof the book or suggestlons for Lts lmprovement should be dlrected to him.

4. I would }ike to express my Bincere appreciatlon to those members ofalI services whose critLcal reviews of the'draft volumes materially aidedDTC analysts in producing a useful lrork. I hope that th18 cooperativeeffort wilI continue as trre maintain the Source Book current ln updatertcfoI l-ow.

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I nconsistent page numbersare due to omittance of b=lank

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1

RD[:E PRo.'EC[ NO. t-X-6-65704-D-634-02

USATECSf PROJECT NO. 5-CO-473-000-008

Drc PROJECE NO. DlC-71-501

TECITNIC'AI REPORT

JOINT CB ltCHrlIC,AL DATA SOTTRCE BOOK (U)

VOLIJME II

Rror CoNTRoL AND TNCAPACITATTNG CHEMTCAL AGENTS (U)

PART ONE: ACENT cS (U)

SEPTEMBER 1970

DESERET TEST CENIERFORT DOUGIAS, UTAI{ 84113

Dlstrlbutlon Stat.enent

In eddttlon !o aecurlty requlrements whlch aPPly c,o thts docu-rnent and murt be met, each tranamLttal'outslde the Departnentof Defenge muat heve prtor approval of:

Comandlng OfficerDeseret Teat GenterATIN: STEPD-II-JP-I(s)Fort Douglae, Utah 84113

Thls EaterLal contalns lnfornatlon affecttng the natlonaldefenae of the Unlted StaEGt rrlthln the meanlng of theEeplonaga Lawi (18 U.S.C. 793, 794), the trangmlgelon orrevelatLon of whlch Ln any Danner to an unluthorLzed personls prohlblted by law.

SPECIAL HANDLING REqUIRED. NqtREI.EASABIA TO FOREICN }AIIONAI.S.

GROT'P 3

Dd{NGRADED AT 12 fAR II.ITERVAISiNqI AUTOI,IAIICAI.LY DECIASSIFIED.

tl

T'Nffi

ABSTRACT

Part One of Volume II of the Source Book preeents the paraoetervaluee aud confldence levels derlved frm fleld, laboratory andchmber teet date for rlot control ageut GS. Presented are (1)models and suboodels end the requlred paraoeter valueg, untque toagent CS, and (2) nunerical values for CS systene paranecers r.equired .

for use wLth Ehe general nodelg la Volune X. These modele ardparameters are requlred for eetfuatlng the capabllltlea of CS weapmeByatema.

ttl

T'NCI.ASSIFIED

T'Nffi

FOREWORD

Ttrts docunent was prepared ln compllance wlth Departrnent of the Aruryletter, "Joiat Contact Polnt for Ctrenlcal-Blologlcal- (CB) Field TestDatarrr 10 llarch L967, whlch dlrected Deseret Test Center (otC) topubllsh and uaintain a Jolnt CB technlcal data source book.

Ttre Source Book is organlzed lnto a eerles of volumes, each of whlchaddresses an l-dentlfiable area of infornatlon related to the analysisof CB ereapone and defenelve systema. Areas lnclude agentsr generalnodels, weapons systems, assay and data reductlon proceduree, chemicalsinulante and biological non-pathogeng, snd knotrledge deflclenclee.

Parameter values with confidence levels derlved from fleld, laboratoryand chanber test data are presented. I'fodels and subrnodele are givenwhtch identify and define the paraoeters for which numerlcal valuesare regulred in estinating capabllltles of ereepone systems of theArned Services. Weapons aysteue whlch havb been type classified orare in an advanced stage of development have been lncluded.

fire Source Book ls designed to be used by the research and develop-Dent comrnity as lnput lnto dealgn and analyele of weaponr Eyatems,defeneive techniguee, and defenslve devices. It rnay also be used bythose responsible for preparatlon of system perfornance tables forlncluslon tn field manuale, ftrlng tables, and other presentatlons ofmrnltions expenditure and effectlveness lnfortrati_on.

Portions of the lnforuatlon contained in the Source Book were conpiLedby GEOMET, Inc., under contract DAAD-09-59-C-0078, with the remainderby personnel of the Joint Contact Point Division of Deseret Testcenter. All raterial hae been subJected to revlew and coordlnationby selected members of the CB conntrnlty. TLre conscieatious effortsexpended by these indivlduats to lmprove the quallty of the flnaltzedproduct is gratefully acknowledged and apprecleted.

Each part and volume of the source Book wtLl be updated periodicaLLy.Frequency of update will be dependent upon the Level of actlvlty inthe research and testing arees covered by the applicable part oirrchloe.

Comrnents and suggestlons regardLng the aie uacy or accuraey of thematerial presented in this document and any request for assistancein its use should be addressed to:

Cosuanding OfficerDeseret Test CenterATTII: STEPD-TT-JP(S)Fort Douglas, Utah 84113

1v

I'NCT.[SSIFIED

JCP{, DPG REGRADED UNCI.ASSIFIED

T'Nffi

TABLE OF CONIENTA

Paragraph Pase

ABSTMCT.......ill

FOREI.;ORD. . . . . . . lv

ILLUSTRATIONS . . vlli

TABLES. . . . . . o . x

CHAPTER 1 SUMMARY

General (U).

Agent Descrlption (U). .

Physlologlcal Response (U)

Source Model (U)_ . o r

Transfer Model (u) . . .t .

Dellvery ModeL (U) . .

Defense Model (U).

Ihmrledge Gaps (U)

CHAPIER 2 INIR.ODUCTION

l-t 1-1=L-2 1-1

1-3 1- 1

L-4 L-2

1-5 1-3

1-6 1--5

L-7 1-5

1-8 1-5

General (U).

Background (U) .

Model Requlrements (U)

Dellvery Systems (U)

CHAP]ER 3 PHYSIOLOGIC.AL RESPONSE MODEL AND PARAI,IETERS

General (U). . . . . . .

Casualty Probabiltty and Tl.ne Delay (U) .

DuratLon and Severtty of CasualtyStatus (U)

Physlologlcal Countermeesures (U).v

a

2-L

2-2

2-3

2-4

2-L

2-L

F2

2-5

3-13

3;13

3-1 3-1

3-2 3-1

3-3

3-4

T'NCT.ASSIHED

CHAPIER 4

CHAPTER 5

C}IAPTER 6

CHAPTER 7

T'NCI.ASSIFIED

TABLE OF CONTENTS ContLnued

Paragraph

SOIIRCE MODEL AND PARAI-IETERS

General (U). . 4-L

StorageParaneters (U) .. ..4-2

DlssenlnatlonParaneters(U).. ,4'3

TRANSFER I-{ODEL AND PARAI.IETERS

Page

4-L

4-L

4-7

5-1 5-1

5-2 5-1

5-3 5-24

5-4 5-29

5-s 5-31

5-6 5-31

s-7 5-31

6-1 6-1

6-2 5-1

7-L 7-L

7-2 7-L

7-3 7-l

7-4 7-5

General (U).

Transport Model Paraneters (U)

Attenuatlon Parametere (U)

Seccgrdary Aerosol Paraneters (U)

Terraln Denlal Model (U) . .

Impactlon (U).

Body Pickup (U).

DELIVERY MODEL AND PARAI'{ETERS

Coverage (U)

DeLlvery Pararneters (U). .

DEFENSE MODEL AND PARAUETERS

General (U).

De tectl.on (U) . . .

Protectlon (U)

DecontnmLnation (U). . .

IDENTIFICATION OF KNOI.TLEDGE GAPS

C,eneral (U) .

Knorledge Gaps (U)

7

8-1

8-1

8-1

8-2

vl

CHAPTER 8

T'NCT.[SSIHED


IINCT.ASiSIFIED

TABLE OF CONTENTS Continued

Paragraph Pase

A?PENDD( A CS FIELD TRTATS . . A-1

APPENDIXB REFERENCESCIIED. .O" B'1

APPENDIXC SELECIEDBIBLIOCRAPTIY....... C-1

GLOSSARY. . . . . . . . . . . . Glossary'l

rNDD(" " rndexl

DISTRIBUTIOI{ LIST .. .Distrlbutlonl

DD FOR}I L473. :I

vil

TINCT.R,SSIFIED

JCP.I, DPG REGRADED UNCIASSIFTED

T'Nffi

ITLUSTRATIO}IS

Fisure Tltle Paqe

3-1 ReletlonshLp of Medlan Tolerance Tlme to Rate ofBulldup (U) . . . o . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

3-2 Respo'nee TLmee of Volunteers Expoeed to LorCoaceDtretl.ons of CS for Varloug Percenteges ofSubJects (U). . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

3-3 Tlme to IucapacLtatLon Ln UntraLned Men wlthout MasksExposedtoCS.. .. . o ...... 3-8

3-4 Corcetrtration vs Tlme to IncapacltatLoa for CS2 lnJungler Foreet, Water, and Tall Graes for percent ofSubJecteseeponding (U) .. o. . 3-11

3-5 Concentratlon vs Tlne to Incapacltatlon for CS2 lnOpen Terralu for Percent of SubJects Respondfng (U) . 3-12

4-L Spreadlng Rate of CS2 ($pe 28 Fleher) vs Tlne lnStorage(U)...........4-5

4-2 Percent Elutrl.ated for CS (Type 28 Flsher) vg TLne lnStorage(U).............4-5

4-3 Percent Elutllated for CSl vs Tlne ln Storage (U) . . 4-6

4-4 ttydrophoblctty of CS2 (Type 28 Flsher) vs Ttne lnStorage(U).........4-6

4-5 llydrophoblclty of CSl vs TlDe ln Srorage (U). 4-7

5-1 Dletributlon of Burst Helghts wlth Alrburet Fuzl.ngfor the XM920E2r 55 Gal1m Druro Bonb Syeten (U) . . . 5-3

5-Z RelatlmehLp Between Wlodepeed and TransportPara:netere for Statlonary Pyrotechnlc CSMunitioae (U) 5-6

5-3 Average Area Dosage Curves (U). . . . . 5-9

5'4 Total Dosage Area DietrlbutLons ltuncated at' Selected Downwlnd Diatances for Input to CoverageModelee E8 Launcherl 1.8 m/eec (4mph) I{lnd Speed (U). 5-t0

vtll

UNCT.ASSIFIED

JCP-I, DPG REGRADED UNGIASSIFIED

I'NCIASSIHED

ILLUSTRATIOI{S Continued

Figure Title Page

5-5 Total Dosage Area Distributlotts Truncated atSelected DorrrwLnd Distances for Input to CoverageModels )G115 Cluster, J.4 m/sec (7.6 mph) WLnd Speed (U)5-11

5-6 Area Distributlorr of Contamlnatlo'n Denslty for 1O128

Hellcopter Bag Dispenser' CS2 (U) . . . . 5-L7

5-7 Area Dlstributlon of Contamlnatlon Density for )G192055 Gallon Drnm Bsmb Systern, CS1 (U) . . . 5-18

5-8 Area DlstributLon of Contamination Density for XM920and )O1925 55 Gallon Drun Syetem, CS2 (U). . . . .

= 5.-19

5-9 Area Distrlbutlon of ContamlnatLon Density forBLU-l2/B Bomb, CSl ln Open Terrain (U). . . . . . . . 5-20

5-10 Area Distribution of Contaminatl.on Densl.ty forBLV-IZA/B Bonb, CS2 (U) . . . . . . . 5-2L t

5-11 Area DlstributLon of Contamination Denslcy for Mt€OBmbrCSlandCS2(U)..o. .. 5-22

5-L2 Area Distribution of Contamlnatloa Densl-ty for MK77Bomb, CS2 tn Open Terratn (U) . . 5-23

5-13 Percent, of CSl Removed or Made Unsuitable asSecondary Aerosol Due to One Day of Ral-nfall (U) . . 5'25

5-14 Exponentlal Decay Constant vs Inltlal ContanlnationDensity for CS2 Contaninated Envlronments (U) 5-28

5-1 Probable Bomb Inpact Area ftot'nit"raft Delivery (U). 6-7

7-L Efficlency of Particle Retentlon in HurnanResplratoryTract (U) o.... o . . . . 7-3

lx

I'NCI.ASSIHED

Table

2-L

2-2

2-3

3-1

3-2

3-3

3-4

3-5

4-L

4-2

4-3

4-4

4-5

4-5

JCPI, DPG REGRADED UNGLASSIFIED

I'NCIASSIFIED

TABLES

Tltle

Cheml.cal and Phyelcal Properties of CS (U) . . . .

CS Orlented Offensive l,tunLtLons (U). . . .

Defenslve Iteme (U). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Median Toleraace Tlmea for Vohmteers at VarlousCo'ncentratlons of Agent CS (One Second BulldupTine) (U). . . . . . . . . . . o . . . . o

Ccnparatlve Effectlveaess of CS in Men ExposedUnder Varlous Condlttons (Indlvtdual Experfinents)(U). . . . . . . . . .

Ablltty of SubJect8 to Tolerate Expoeures to One

and S ixty llLeron o-chlorobenzyl ldenenalononl'tr lleAerosols (U) . . . . . . . . . . o o .1. . .

Mean Recovery TLrne of $ubJecte Followlng Exposureto One and Slxty Mlcron g-chlorobenzylldene-malmqrLtrileAerosols (U) . . . .. . . . 3-10

Sumary of Duratlon of Incapacltatlon from TroopTrials (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . 3-14

Chemlcal Characterletlcs RequLred for Product'LonQualitycs (u) ...... 4'2

Percent Loss of CS ln a T3 Pyrotechnlc Mlxture forVarlous Storage Temperatures, Molsture Contents andStorage Pertods (U). . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Sr.unmary of Partlcle Slze Data vs Tlme in Storage (U) 4-8

CS Ortented OffeneLve l'lunltlons (U). . . . 4'9

Reeults of l{lnd Tunnel Tests of 105 '.rn CartrldgeCanieterer CS Ftlled (U) . . . . . . . o . . 4'LZ

Results of Wlnd Tunnel Tests of L55 m CartrldgeCanlstersrCSFllled(U).....4'L2

Paee

2-3

2-6

2-7

3-3

3-7

3-10

TINCT.ASSIFIED

JCP{, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSTFIED

T'NCT.F,SSFIED

TABLES Contlnued

p!!= ritle Pase

4-7 Results of Wlnd Tunnel Tests of 4,2 Inch CartridgeCanisEers, CS Fllled (U) . . . . . . . . . . . 4-L3

4-8 Results of Wind Tunnet Tests of E23 Cartrldge,CSFtlled(U) .. ....

4-9 Resulcs of [{lnd Tunnel Tests of E49 (BLU-39/B23)Canister, CS FllLed (U). o . o . . . . . . .,

4-10 Results of Wind Tunnel Tests of M7A3 Grenades,CS Filled (U) . . 4-L4

4-LL Results of Wlnd Tunnel TesEs of l"l25/l2 Grenades, =CSl and CS2 Filled (U) . . . . 4-L5

4-12 Airborne Agent Recoveries for CS2 Bulk Munltions inOpen Terratn (U) . 4-L6

4-L3 liissenlnation RaEes for 1t106 Disperser (U) . . 4-L7

4-L4 AgenE Recovery for M106 Disperser (U) . 4-L7

4-L5 DisseminaEion Rates for I'13 Disperser (U) . . . 4 -LB

4-L6 Agent Recovery for M3 Disperser (U) . . . . . 4-L8

4-L7 Agent Deposition Recovery for )G{28 Hellcopter BagDispenser(U) .. 4-L9

4-18 Agent DeposiEion Recovery for )C*1920 55 Gal-lonDrun Bomb Systen (U) o'. o . . 4-2O

4-L9 Agent Deposltlon Recovery for BLU-52A/B Bomb (U) 4-ZL

4-ZO Agent DeposiElon Recovery for MK77 Bomb, CSz (U) . 4-2L

4-2L Agent Deposition Recovery for MK20 Bonb (U) . 4-22

4-22 Ground Contamlnation DlsseninaElon Efficlency forBLU-5218 Bourb, CSl (U) 4 -22

4-23 Dissem{.natlon Rates Observed for the M4 Disperserwilh a 1.5 Inch DiameEer Spray Nozzle (U) . . 4'24

4-L3

4-L4

xl

T'NCTASSIFIED

Table

4-24

4-25

5-1

5-2

5-3

s-4

5-5

5-6

5-7

s-8

5-9

!10

5-11

5 -L2

5 -13

6-1

JCPJ, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED

T'NCT..BSSIFIED

TABLES Contlnued

TiEle Pase

Dlsaemlnation Rates for the M5 Dlsperser (U) . 4-24

Source Strength Parameters for CS Muntt'tons (U)a. Polnc/Volume Source Systems (U) . . 4-25b. Polnt Source Systems, Dispersers (U) . 4-27c, Bulk DispensLng Systens (U) 4'28d. Llne Source Systens (U) . . 4-29

Crater Dimenslons Observed for Air Dellvered TestswiehBLU-szAlBBonb (U) . . . . . . . . . . 5-Z

Aerosot DLffuslon Paraneters for PyroEechnlcMunltlons Cont,ainlng 2O Grame of CS or Less (U) 5-7

Aerosol Diffuslon Paraoeters for PyroeechnlcMunLtions ConcaLnlng 100 Gtasrs of CS or llore (U). . 5-7

Dosage Scale Factors for the XM15 Cantstet ClusEerand E8 Launcher (U) 5-L2

Area Coverage for XM28, Helicopcer Bag Dispenser,cs2 (u) 5-13

Area Coverage for )A{920 hnd )O1925 55 Gallon DrumBqtrbsystems (U)... ' 5-L4

Area Coverage for BLIJ'IZ|B Bonb,CSlrOPen Terraln (U)

Area coverage for BLIJ-11a|B Bonb, cs2 (u) ' '

Area Coverage for MK20 Bonb' CSl and CS2 (U) . . .

Area Coverage for MK77 Bo'nb' CS2 (U)

Traversal nesulcs (U) 5-27

Terraln Decay Paraneters'(1og d = a 0.0045 wo). (U) . 5-29

Personnel Kickup FacEors for Ground ContamlnatlonwiEh CS2 (1og k = af * bt t) (U). . . . . 5-30

Delivery Model ParaoeEers (U) . 6-2

xl1

s-15

5-15

s-t 6

5-16

TINCI.trSSIFIED


I'NCI.ASSIFIED

TABLES eontinued

Table Tltle Paqe

6-2 Dellvery Errors for BLU-52A/B Baeed on a CEA of36 Mlls (U). r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8

6-3 Delivery Errors for MK77 Bmb Based on a GEA of10 Mlls (U). . . . . . o . . . o . . . o . 6-8

6-4 Delivery Errors for the CBU-l9/A CanLster ClusterBased on a CEA of 31 Mils (U). . o . . . . . . 5-8

6-5 Estlmetlon of the Range and Deflectiqr Errors forthe E8 TubeLauncher (U) . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9

.?

6-6 Locatlons of Centers of Impact for E158 CanleterClusters Observed ln Fteld Test Drops of 8159Clusters (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10

7-l- Observatlons on l{ettlng and Solutlon of CS and CS2wlthAqueoussolutlons(U).... .. 7-6

7-Z Addtti@ of 0.1 Gram of CS to llLxtures of DtstilledI{ater and MEA Contalnlng 0.27" Triton x-100 (u) . . 7-7

7-3 Additlon of 0.1 Gram of CS2 to MLxtures ofolgtl11ed Water and MEA Contalnlng O.2% TrltonX-100 (U). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I'7

xiii

T'NCT.TISSIFIED


CHATTER 1

SUUI,IARY

1-1. (U) Geaeral (U)

GS is the symbol whlch ldentlflee the standard rlot control agentof the U.S. Arned Servlcee. Thle report Presents models and para-meters whlch characterLze the behavlor of agent CS baeed on fleldtrlal and laboratory data, and analytlcal analyses. The follorlngtabulation is a sr@ary of the most pertlnent lnfonnatton and Para-meter values for agent CS for use ta coojuactlon wlth CS rnodele andsubmodels to evaluate weapons syeEems effectlveneSs.

L-2. (U) Agent Descrlptlon (U) =

a. Chemical Name (ref. page 2-1): g-chlorobenzalmalononltrileor o-chlorobenzylldenemalononi Erlle

b. Fo:ms Available for Emolowrent (ref . Page 2'2):

(1) CS, mixed with a pyrotechnic for d,lspersal.

(2) CSL, a blend of 95 percent CS and 5 petcent sil'lca/aerogelml-cropulverLzed to ePPraKlmately 3 to 10 microng.

(3) CS2, a blend of micropulverized CS and 5 percenE sLlt cone(HMDS) treated itltca/aerogel. Partlcle slze ls approxirnately 10 mlcrons.

1-3. (U) Physiological Response (U)

a. Median Lethal DoeaRe (LCIJ bv Inhalatlon. The rcEro 18 611000*fffigt"r . Page 3-1t.

b. MedLan IncapacLlating Dosage (ICtsJ. ltre ICts Ls 10 rng:rcLn,/mglf reache g).

c. Duration of IncapacltaElon. Recovery from resplratory andocular et tes tn.fresh alr (ref. page 3-13).

d. Severlty of Effecte. Profuse LacrimatLon, burnlng and palnin eyes, blepharospasm and aevere conJunctlvitis, burning and paln inchest and constricted chest (ref. page 3-13).

1-1

JCPJ, DPG REGRADED UNCIASSIFIED

L-4. (C) Source Model (U)

a. (G) Aeent Purttv (U) (ref1 page 4-1)

(1) CS - 96 Percent (mint'nun)

(2) CSl - 90 Percenc (nlainun)

(3) CS2 - 90 Percent (rntnlnum)

b. (C) Aqent Stabtlltv (U) (ref' page 4-1)

(1) Ghernieal (puritv\. No effecte for perLods

lf molsture fficent and ternPerature less(120 oF.).

(2) Phvstcal (CS1 and CS2)

(a) ttotsture results in agglorreratiO'n and perhaps an lncreasein partLcle size.

(b) Tenperarures of rhe order of 50 oc. (125 oF.) ald above

affect spreading t.t", dLspersibLlLty, hydrophoblclty and parplcLe

size di.strlbution.

co (C) Particle Size (U) (ref. page 4-9)

(1) Pvrotechnic dlssemLnation. Less than 5 mlcrons'

(2) Bulk dissenination- From 10 to 15 ml'crons '

d. (C) Dlssetninatlon Efflciencv (U) (ref' page 4-10)

uD tO tgro Vear6lrr"n ag ob.

(1) Point/volune source svstens

(a) 4.2 lnch mortar, CS

(b) 105 rm catErtdge, CS

(c) 155 mr cartridge' CS

(d) E8 launcher, CS

(e) 40 rm cartrldge' CS

(f) X1.1165 clueter' GS

(e) l425LZ grenade' csl

(h) Y05L2 grenade ' CS2

(1) U7A3 ' F'I54 grenade ' CS

L-2

Airborne (%)

70

7L

64

68

60

78

3l-

38

50


(2) Point source dispersers

(a) ltg porrable, CSI, CS2

(b) M106, csl

(c) M106, cs2

(3) Bulk dtspensers

(a) X}f28 bag, CS2

(b) Drtrn bomb, CS1

(c) Drr:ro bomb, CSz

(d) BLU-52A/B bomb, CS2

(e) 11K20 borrb, CSL

(f) uK20 bombr cs2

(g) MK77, CS,2

(4) Line source systerrs

CBU-3o/A, cs

Airborne (7,1

82

75

96

Airborne (7"\

1

N/A

L7

4lt '

N/A

19

22

Alrborne (7")

78

Deposition (7"\

19

52

38

16

26

26

51

0.94.26.5

9.5 €.8522.7 0.8541.0 0.85

29.7 0.8829.7 0.8829.7 0.88

1-5. (C) Transfer Model (U)

a. (c) Aerosol DlffusL.on for pyroEechntc Dispersal (u) (ref. page 5-4)

Wlnd Specd oo,r1o0 or,2orerrain (e/""9-Gnlr) tm) a (n)

(1) Agent Ftl1 20 I or leea

1

Open 3.6 8.0 3.3 0,85ForesE 0.4 0.8 22.7 0.85Jungle 0.2 0.4 41.0 0.85

(2) Agent Fill 1009 or.more

Open 3.6 8.0 9.9 0.88Forest 0.4 0.8 9.9 0.88Jungle O,2 0 .4 9 .9 0.88

137

100

0.680.680.68

L.s4L.54L.s4

1-3

b. (C) Area

Mean vaLue

SubuuniEion

823FA9

GrassWater

JCP{, DPG REGRADED UNGLASSIFIED

'Coverage (U) (ref . page 5-8)

for Dosage Level of 10 mg mln/rns or greater

Area Coverage (F\ Cluster Area Coverage (rP'l

2530

Area Coverage (sP)

30r550205200200145280195205155

E8 5000xM15 7000

c. (C) Area Coverage (U) (ref. page 5-12)

Mean vaLue for ground contqm{aation densiEy of 20 gramsper square meter or greater

XM28 Bag Dlspenser ForestOpen

fu1925 Drum Bonb ForesEJungleOpen

BLU-52A/B Bomb ForesEJungLeOPen

MI(20 Bomb OpenMK77 Bo'mb Open

d. (C) PersLstency (II) (ref. 5-24>

(1) Decay Parameters (lse d = a - 0'0045wo)

aForesr T J9gJungle 0.301open I.398

o.954o.49s

(2) Kicktrp- Factolg (1og kar

ForesE 3.398Jungle 4.3ILopen 5.ggeGrass 3.050water 4.699

.Based on llnited daEa.

= at + btw)br

|lltli--

-9.3x10-6-6, 9x10-6-9.3x 10-60

-4.6x10-6

L-4

1-6.

JCP.I, DPG REGRÂDED UNGIASSIFIED

(C) Delivery uodel (I/)

a. (c) Ranee (U) (ref. page 6-1)

Range (knl4.2 Ln. Mortar 0.8 Eo 5.5105 m Carcrldge 5 co L0155 m Cartridge 10 to 15M106 Dtsperser 0.012M7A3 Greuade 0.035 to 0.1201425A2 Grenade 0.0540 m Cartrtdge 0.375

b. (C) Aertal Release (ID (ref. page 6-8)

M2 Dlsperser!8 Dlsperser

For 21000 foot height, 30

Travel

cBu-19/ABLU-52AlBMK2O

MK77

0,0060.012

degree dtve angle

Dtstance (ft) od (n)

4rooo4rooo4,ooo4,ooo

38652218

-?

or (rn)

7613L4436

l-7. (II) Defense Model (U)

a. Detection (ref. page 7-1)

VisuaL or lndivldual effects - not critical.

b. Protectlon (ref. page 7-1)

(1) Cutaneous - dry field unifoiro.

(2) Ocular and respiratory - protective mask.

c. Decontamination (ref. page 7-5)

(1) Ocular and resPlratory - fresh air.

(2) Cutageous - Five percent sodLr:m blsulflte by welght dts-solved in a mixture of 45 percent isopropyl alcohol, 40 Percent water'and 10 percent glycerin by votume.

(3) Equlpnent and clothlng - solutions of monoethanolamLne (l,tEA).

(4) Area removal - nonlonic detergents

1-5

(Trlton X, Igepal-C0-530)

1-8. (c)r Knowledge Gaps (U)

CharacterLstlcs of CS weapons and defense ByBLems for which currenclnfonratlon is inadequare (ref. page 8-1):

8r (U) Purity of CS for storage nodel.

b. (U) PartLcle sLze distrLbutlon or'O,r1n ar.

c. (U) Source clouds for sklttertng munitlons.

d. (U) Sont"e cl.ouds for stationary pyrotechnic munitions.

e. (U) Grater contaninatton for transport nodel, bulk munitLons.

f. (U) Dtffusion parameters for urban terrain.

g. (U) ferraLn contamlnation model.

h. (U) Persisteney of CS for terraln denial.

L. (U) Perststency of CS for vehLcle denial.

J. (U) Dellvery alming errors.

k. (U) ocular response model.

1. (U) General response rnodel.

lEach item llsted ln sub-paragraphs a through 1 isUNCIASSIFIED. Wtren presenEed collecElvely as current agent CS

knowledge gaps the classlfLcaELon ts CONFIDENTIAL.

I_-6

JGP-I, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED

CHAPTER 2

IMRODUCTION

2-L. (U) General (U)

ThLs report pre8ents a wlde range of toplcs estlnatlng CS Bystengeffectlveness. The subJect areas congLder the evaluatLon of CS weaponsysteEts ln the context of a generaLized rteystems analyslsrr approach toCB weapons effectlvenees. The partlcular propertles of CS polnt out theneed to chtracterize three forus of Ehreat poeed by hu'qan exposure!reaptratory, Lutraocutar, and cutaneous. Itre study covers mdels andparaneters for spectfLc agpectg of cs behavl.or for whLch generalmodele a,re not avallable. The etrdy also covers cs Bystem pararetersrequLred tn conJunctlon wLth general podels. llodels which treatgeneraltzed behavtor of GB agenta (appltcable to trore than a slngleagent) ere pregentetl Ln Volure X of the Source Book. ?

Thls scudy ls a eomprehensLve review and analysls of field trialobservaElons, laboratory daLa, and analytical flndings related Eo CS.systems. The fleld trlals from whlch data have been urLlized foragent CS evaluaElon are presented In Appendtx A. Analysee and evalua-tions of informatlon obtained on CS utlllzaclon ln combat operatl.onsare presented in a Deseret TesE Center lgpeag.(1) ThaC repori pr"s"rrtsa su'?"nary of the avallable data on agenc cs used operatlonal.ly lnVietuan durlng L966, 1967 and January through June 1968. The operationalcharacEeristics and uses for cs dellvery systems and munttions arepresenEed, and a result/effecElveness score is given for each.

References whlch are clted ln thts.report are llsted Ln AppendLx B.Appendtx C presente a eelected blbltography whlch contaLns thoee docrr-menta revl-ewed durl.ng the preparation of thl.s study buE whlch are notparE of Ehe ciEed references.

2-2 - (C) Baclqground (U)

GS te the s1mbol ldentl.fylng a rtot control agent whlch hag cometnto prornl.nence as the replacement for the more fanLltar tear agent ofthe past. CS hae eonetLEoee been referred to as a super tear agen€because of tts more effectlve acEloni holever, it ls en exEremely safernaterlal ln eplte of tte effectlveness.

Ttre U.S. Arroy etandardtzed CS as a rlot control agent ln 1959. ItwLll replace tear agent GN ln etockptles. CS hae been wldely dlstrlbutedto U.S. Armed Forceg and Natlonal Guard unlts and ls readtly avallabLe EocLvillan law enforcernent

-agencles ihrough comercial gources.

CS takes lte eyubol from trto sctentiste, B. B. Careon and R. W.

Stonghton, who flret prepared lt ln L928, Its chemlcal name Ls o-chlorobenzylldenenalononltrile (al.eo glven as o-chlorobenzalmaloio-nttrlle). Lt Ls a rthlte, crystalllne powder, slml.lar Ln appearance-to telcum polder. 1

JCP-I, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSTFIED

CS utLlLzed ln pyrotechntc systems for rLot control grenades,clusters, and shells is an effecElve pereonnel incapacltant buthas lltt1e or no reeldual ground contannl.natlon effects. The oaJortllfflculty ln the non-pyrotechnLc aerosol"lzatlon of preground CS lsthe elLminetion of partlcle coagulatLon (aggloneratlon) ln both bulkand aerosol states whlch ls beLleved caused by electrostatlc attractionand/or moLsture seneitlvl-ty. A means of prwldlng a free flcming agentpcnder lras accotrpltshed by blendlng 95 percent CS wlth 5 percenE stttca/aerogel (Csb-O-Stl), and mLctopulverLzLng the nl.xture to I 3 to 10mLcron partLcle sLze range. Thle rnaterlal (CSl) le readtly usable inbulk agent dtggemlnatlng devices whlch requLr'e a free flowtng materlal.

Further dissemlnaEion research sEudles to reduce or ellminate partlcleagglomeratlon resuLted Ln A treated, presLzed CS, desl.gnated CS2. Theprocesa of formulatLng CS2 conalsts of treatlng the Cab-O-Sll wtthhexamethyldlslllzane G0OS), ad nlxtng tt wlth mlcropulverlzed CS.Thls resultLng product ls flneLy dlvlded CS partlcles coated wlth hydr_o-=phoblc (no afifnlty for water) sil.icone' The unique hydrophobicity ofCS2 provLdes resLstance to aggloneration. Because of thls EreatmenEand Lts partlcle sLze, CS2 can be readLly reaerosotl.zed when dLsturbed.The partlcle stze of ground (preelzed) CSl and.GS2 !s approwf-nat-e1.y !Qmicrlns and the Utlt tut"tty'is 0.2 g'rans per cublc cent-lmeter (S/crFland 0.2 to 0.4 g/crp, respectively. The dlssemlnaEion of, GS2 offersboth imedLate ard surface conEamlnatLon effects for the purpose ofdLrect, as well as resLdual use.

Dlapersal of CS to Lts Lntended target is accompllshed by bloreretburstlng grenades, burnlng pyrotechnLc mix, and by bulk dellvery. CS

produces lredlate effecte, even ln low concentrattons. The duratLonof effects ls 5 to 10 ml.nutes after the affected tndt-vldual has beenremoved to fresh atr. DurLng thls tlme affected Persons are lncapabLeof effectl-ve actLon. The agent cloud causes severe burnl.ng sensatlonLn the eyes with coplous teals, coughLng and dtfficulty ln breathlngwlth tlghtnesa of the cheet. The eyes cLose Lnvoluntarlly, the noseruns anal molst skin sttngs. CS has never been cl.ted as the iauee ofdeath, despLte wlde usage. Lt Le extrenely unllkely that Ln flelduse lethaL concentratlons could ever be achleved' Table 2-1 Presentsrr sumary of the chemlcel And Physlcal propertles of agent CS.

2-3. (U) Model Regulrements (U)

8r (U) @ (U). The estlnatton of CS systemseffectlveness fepresents a specLaL caee of the generallzed treatmentof chemlcal-blologLcal syetem effectl.veness. In ltght of the Partlcularproperties of the agent CS and the conseguent Lmpllcatlons with regardto r1des of tactical eroplolment, tE ls posslble to become more speclflcconcernlng Ehe requlrements for lnfornatLon upon whLch to base estLmatesof system effectLveness. The partlcular nodel and submodeL requLre-rents can be speclfied tn terms of the EhreaEs whlch are posedby thls agent. The agent threats are sumrartzed as foll-ows: I

2_2

G

JCPJ, DPG REGRADED UNCI.ASSIFIED

Itilffi

Table 2-1 (U). Chemlcal and Phyalcal ProperEles of csr (u).

Coomon name:Agent eymbol:Chemlcal nalre:Chenlcal formrla:

MolecuLar welght:Odor:

Physlcal steEe at roortemperature:

DensLty:Bulk deneLty:

Vapor pressure:r

HeaE of vaporlzaElon:Volatl llty:Meltlng polnt:Bolllng polnt:

Flash polnt:Stabtltty ln storage:Solublllty ln waEer:Solubtllcy ln organlc

compounds:

Rate of hydrolYsts:

Action on metale:

nonecs

r o-chlorobenzalmalononltrlleC1gE5ClN2 CH - C(CN)'

l-

188.63pepperllke

solld, whlce cryatalllne Pow{,er,minior:m purltY 96 PercenE1.3 g/crng (approx).0.255 to 0.403 g/cr9 (10 to20 lb/cu fE) depending upondegree of packlng3.4 x 10-4mtlg at5 to 7 microns att36 caLls0,35 w/mg94 0c310 - 315mIIgLg7 0C

20 oc (68 oF)60 0c (140 0F)

oc (b8 oF)

- 599 oF) at 760

c1

ar 20

oc (5go

stable under ordinarY condiElonssparlngly soluble ln waterreadlly soluble ln methylene chlorlde,carbon tetrachlorlde, eceEone'dloxane, ethyl acetat,e, PYridine'and benzenehalf-llfe of 36 to 46 houre ar a PHof 2,3 -5 ro 14 hours at a pH of 3.096 co 144 rnlnutes aE a PE of 4.245 to 53 ntnutes at e PII of 4.935 co 40 mlnutes et a PH of 6.43 mlnutee aE a pH of 8.9L ulnute at a PIt of 10. 1afcer 3 nonths at 50 and 70 oC, CS

aEtacked alumlnum and anodizedalumlnum llghtly, but not st,aLnlesssteel. However, the amounE of corro-slon was too emaLl to be decected bya welght loss of the meEal spec-imen

the end of the table.z-3

See footnote at

I'NCT.ASSIFIED

JCPJ, DPG REGRADED UNGIASSIFIED

T'NCLASSIFIED

Table 2-1 (U). Chemical and Physlcal Properties of C$ (U). Contlnued

CS ls noE hygroscopicsome noEed ac 120 to 125 oF ln drYertesr (750 m), and aE 25 oC underlow preeeureproducts of combusElon are mote EoxlcEhan agenu ttself; toxiciEy of productsresultlng from deconEaminaEion areundeEermined

Hygroscopiclty:Subllnatton of CS:

ToxlciEy:

"u.S. Arrny Edgewood Arsenal, l,ld., A Phyeicochemlcal Approach tgthe Studv of Resplratorv lrrltant Posrders, by CHI Charles J. Canteand Lawrence S. Noble. May L959, Report No. EAT}I L42-3.

(1) (U) The effecCs produced by exposure to cs--resplratory'lntraocular, and cuEaneous--ar€ functlons of concentratlon, time ofexposure, Partlcle slze, and targe't characterLgtl'cs. Therefore,noielllng toneideratlona Eust tncorPorage varlatione ln Eheee charac-terisCici, as well as the seParat,ton ot cog$tnaglon of responses by

siEe, to lnterrelate agenE dlssenl-netlon, transfer, and casualtyproduction.

(2) (U) Such characteristics a.s rapld onset of agent effectstrapid .e"overy from these effects wheh removed from exposure, and

a ieLatlvely iolr airborne concentration required for fLnite targetareaa make cs well,suited for surprise atiack agalnsr unProEected per-

sonnel. Therefore, there is a need to conslder the very short-EimeconcenEratLon and dosage ftelds.

(3) (u) The Eendency of bulk dissemlnated cs2 to reaerosoll-zewhen dtsturbed, iEs relatLvely long perslstency under cerCain enviroo-menEal conditlons, and Ehe relattvely lott minlmum alrborne concenErat'lonrequlred for respiratory and intrao"Ll"t effectivenees enable the

uuiltzattgt -of che.qgent ln del-aved 9g!1.q1 and-ha5ee-smnE I:1::the creltion of an eFfectfve iriionaCry

-aeiosol involves a dl.sEincEivesee of constderations wlthln the modelllng franework.

b. (u) Model conponente (U). As a consequence of the threaEcons1deratro@aEthere1sarequlremenLtodescribein detail the behavior of boEh the aerosol and heavy Partl-culatecomponenEs of the agent when dlssemlnated by the varl'ous sysEems.

BoEh short tlme dosage flelds and long Eerm PerslsEency of the threatare lnvolve-d.. It also follows chaE Ehe various rouEes of enEry are

of inEeresE. The materiaL in the chapters which follow is organlzed

2-4

T'NCI.A,SSIHED

I

JGP.I, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED

TINCI.ASSIFIT;IJ

to present Che CS system Par€@et,ers required as input to Ehe generalmodels of Volume X. I.lhere general models are noL availabler'modelsand parameters speciflc Eo the CS system of lnEeresE \rill be presented-A parr of che information on models and parameEer values relaEes tothe agent CS while other portions relaEe to parEicular CS muniEions.

2-4. (U) Delivery Syscems (U)

CS nunitions for which nodels and pararneters are presented are listedin Table 2-2. For the defensive aspects of CS empLoyment, vul-nerabiliEymodel components are presented Eo the extent available. The discussionof protective Cechniques and equipment includes a consideration of

"nri.tr U.S. defensive lEems (listsed in Table 2'3). A detaileddescription of all CS munittrons and sysEems is presenEed ln Volume XI-

z-5

I'NCT.H,SSIFIED

I

id Fl ; l5i;e HE'tfr ffieUtifr'b r-abs r rr eo

TINCT.ASSIFIED

\ab\e ?.-?. (\). qS $tiente{ 0ttensi.,te\unrtrens $\.

Canister cluster, tactical, CS, 130 lb. )(}{165(n*o Xltl5 canister cLusters with )OI16canisters)

Cartridge, 4.2 inch tactlcaL, CS, )0{530Q0'f9 canisters)

Cartridge, lO5 nrrcanls ters)

Cartridge, 755 nwtcanl's ters )

tact|cal , CS, X14629 CJC{8

tactJ.cal ,. CS, frr631 QA|T

Launcher, 35 wn catttidge, 76 tube, 88,(35 mr, rlot control CS cartridges, 823)

Grenade, hand, 8 to 12 sec. de1-ay, CS' )Of54(ru3, 1G1159, or LAU-3A/A launchers)

Grenade, hand, riot control' CSl, CS2, M25AzGrenade, hand, riot control , CS, !17A3Cartridge, 40 rm, rlot control, CS, )G165181

Ot79 grenade launcher)Bmb, fuze and burster' system )OI920 (modlfled

I'1152A1 (E3) tail bomb fuze 0[T), modifiedt'115 burster, and 55 gal-l-on drr:n), lloI9Z1

Dispenser and bagged riot control agent,helicopter, CS2, XM28

Disperser, riot control agent, skid mounted,tltz

Disperser, riot control agent, protable, lt3Disperser, riot control agent, helicopter or

vehicle mounted, M4

Disperser, riot control agent, helicopter orvehicle mounted, !15

Disperser, riot control agent, portable, M106mity-mite

Bmrb, chernical, CSl , BLU'sz/BBomb, chemical CSz, BLU-52L/BCanister cluster, riot control-, CS, CBU-3O/A

(sw-13/A disperser with BLU-39 /r,23 canisters)Canister cluster, riot control, CS, CBU-L9/A (1llo

)O{15 canister clusters with )O[16 canisters)

Bornb, chemicalr MK20Bornb, chemical , MK77

2-6

xx

X

Xxx

XX

x

x

xxX

x

XXX

IINCI.H,S$TIED

JGP-I, DPG REGRADED UNGLASSIFIED

Mask, protectlve' fleld, M17A1Mask, protectlve, speclaL purpose, MgAlltask, protective, rlot control agents, XM28E4Mask, protectlve, tank, U25AlMask, protectlve, tank, ABC-M14A2Hood, fleld' Protective, maak' ABC-I'16A2

use with M17 and !'117A1 maaks)(for

Hood, toxicologlcaL agents Protective, M3 (accnponent of the !13 tocicologlcal agents Pro-tective outfit used ltlth M9 and M9A1 naske)

Hood, tank protective mask, ABC l't5 (for usewith M25A1 and ABC M14A2 naske)

Maek, protective, atrcrafE' W4Hood, aLrcraft, protective mask, M7 (for

use with the M24 nask)

Decqrt@Lnatlng solutl.one ' MEA and trlton X-100

Skln LrrLtant decontanlnant (SID)

2-7

Xxxxx

xxxxxx

Table 2-3 (U). Defenslve Ltems (U).

UNCI.ASSIHED

JCP-I,. DPG REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED

CHAPTER 3

PI{YSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE IODEL A}ID PARAMEIERS

3-1. (U) General (U)

The purpose of the physlologlcal re8Ponse model- Ls to estfuoate thephysiological consequences of the exposure recelved by the {.ndlvidual.Cenerally, the effects whlch are of Prlncl?al nilttary slgniftcanceare: thl probabtttty that the ltdlvldual w111 becme a caeuatty as aresult of hls "*po",tie;

the tLme delay follcrlng exPolure untll casr:attystatus ls reached; the duration and severlty of caeualty statuE; and

easualEy reductlon and preventLon by phyalologlcal qounter-Ineasureg

The hunan responses Eo agent CS noet relevant to rteaPone asstaiBentare lncapacitatloirs from reeplratory and ocular doges. Because of thedlfflcultles Lnvolved Ln determlnLng the actual doge recelved, fleldand laboratory analyses have approached the problem through enPlrlcsldetermlnatlon of the tLue to lncapacltatton resultlng frm varylngexposure concentratLon hlstorteg.

I3-2. (C) Casualty Probablllty end Ttne Delay (U)

a. (u) GS is s relaCLvely safe, incapacltatlng rtenc'havlng an

estlmated-LC%o Ln hunans of 61,000 ng rntu/me for dlacemlnatLon from a

burntng rype grenade, indlcatl.ng a ntntouo Eafety factor-(LCho{lc:qo)of appioxinat;ly 6,000. In calculatLons concernlng Ehe incapacltaClng

""p"iitttles of the agent, a number of facEo!8 must be coaeidered' Of

paitt",rlar irnportance are: the degree of lncapacltaELon; Ehe lengthIt ttr" of exposure; the hlstory of concentraElon to whlch the lndivl-dual is "*posld;

the perlod of time from lniglal exposure to max1mrn

exposure concentraCton; Ehe particle slze dtetrtbuElon of the agentwhen dleaemlnated; and Ehe tndlvtdual tol.erance and motLvaEion. slncettr" tnt6rrelatlonshtp of these paraseters--as Ehey affect tndivldualresponee:-has not y"i b".o cleaily deflned',a gu@ary of Ehe expe:l-rencal bonditlons 6n whlch the present concluslons are based lspresenEed.

b. (c) The approach to deternnl.natlon of effectlve cs aeroeoLconcentratlon has uttllzed a concePt of exposure and' Elme to lntoleranceand tncapacitation. These Ewo responses have not always Proven to be

equlvalent ln te:ns of reducblon oi nilltary effecrlvenese, and thuswide vartat,lons ln exposure responee relationshlps ln experlrentaltrials have resulted.(2, 3)

3-1

c. (C) Currentl./, little rel.iable CS exposure response informat,ionis available ogher than for pyrogechnlc diseemlnatlon. The relation-ships developed rnalnly from pyrotechntc CS dlssemlnatlon data are forparticLe sizes \rlth a mass median diameter (nurd) wel.l beLow 5 microns andmay not be applicable for GSL and CS2 used ln ground contamlnation.Observations supporting this concluslon nere reported in DTC Test68-52.(", Traversalfr across CS2 contamlnated plots, where the agentwas subjected to ground mol.sture effects, nere found to be considerablyeasier if test subjects exerclsed controlled breathing through thenose. ALso, the vol-unteers seldom experLenced symptoms of extremerespiratory challenge.

d. (C) : Concl.uslons presented below ere based on a comprehenstveanalysis reported ln U.S. Army OperatLons Research Group SpecialPublicatlon 7(o) and sunmarlzed here. Based on Unlted States andUnited Klngdom wLnd tunneL and fteld trials wlth thermalLy generatedCS, and partlcle sizes s 5 mLcrons rund, thts analysls derived the =relatLonshtps indicated. Those trlals lnvolvlng apparently wellrnotLvated subjects were seLected for use. Concentratlons (urg/rns) anaassocLated tolerance tLmes (seconds) from reports by Punte(5) andGutentag(6) wer" consolidated and subJected to log-1og tranefornationg,A least squ€lres Line was fitted to these polnts. An analysls ofvariance LndLcated a sLgnificant correlatlon of the two varLables.Subsequently, an adjustment of flve seconds was made (to a1lmr fortlme to leave the chanber) Ln some of the trials, ylelding the ftnalvalues presented in Table 3-1. The values presented ln Table 3-L arerepresentatlve of munl-tlons utl.Lizing thermal generafLon of CSagent, rather than expLoslve or bulk dissemLnated CSl and CS2, and arebased on respiratory/ocuLar effects.

s. (C) Thls review resulted in the concluslons that a practical-threshold of L.5 ng/ro" should be used and that tolerance tlmes for CSconcentratlons between 1.5 and 4 ng/rn3 could not be adequately estL-mated. The evidence also suggested that tolerance time lncreases asthe t,l.me requl-red to reach a flnal concentratlon Lncreases. TherelatLonshlp developed between rrrate of bullduprr and 'rtoterance tl-meexpected'r (Flgure 3-1) agreed well wlth the avallable data. Hcrwever,the reLLablltty of estimates of tolerance tlme, when more than onesecond is reguired to reach the nlnlmaL effectlve concentratLon, hasnot been confirmed.

f. (U) In 1967, a test conducted wlth low CS concentrations indlcatedsubst,ant,ially lower Eolerance Elmes for concentrations below 1.5ng/nB than were funplled by che 1964 revtew, wlth Ehe tlmes for 5O

percenE re8ponse ianglng from 234.1 seconds at 0.03 ng/d Eo 22.Oeeconds aE L.4 rng/83.(") In these experlmenre only the heads ofthe subjects, faclng the source, rrere exposed to concentratlonsof 0.01- to 8.0 rg/r". The results for varLous percentages of thesubjects are ahcrsn in Figure 3-2. The analysis involved a leastsquares regression rel-ating exposure concentration to the 4

3-2

JCP.I, DPG REGRADED UNCL.ASSIFIED

T'Nffi

Table 3-1 (U). Median Tolerance Tlmes for Volunteers at Various Concen-tratlons of Agent CS (One Second Bulldup Tine)r (U).

rCalculaEed frm exErapolaced portlon of references 5 and 6.bAdapted frorn Holll.ngaworth, E. w., Rhlan. M. , and Shavlt, 01. D.,

An Analysls co Propose CharacEerletlcs of GS Mun*rlor-rs for Arnv Use. (U),Appendix A rPhystologlcal CharacEeristlcs of cS." (U), U.S. Army opera-tLons Research Group, Edgewood Arsenal, l'id., SpeclaL Publlcatton 7,June 1964.

3-3

b 102

b76

b6L

b54

\49

46

374

32t

2&\

23

L9\

L7+

LL4

7

3+

ConcentratLon(w/na 1

Inplled Dosage(nS mln/m3 )

1.5

L.7 2.9

2.O 2,5

2.5 2.5

3.0

3.5

4,O 3,1

3.8

4.3

4.7

6.5

100 11.6

11.6

T'NCI.ASSIHED

r.00

$ro

1v r-a

oz€ O

*.F

3F

."S

#fi

Eln

H5

U !t

.o

log

s =

2.2

09L-

1.71

85 L

og r

1010

010

00ro

, oo

o

E o F F cn u El

H HI U

(- o t J-'

o. ! o v m o a ct m o q z o F a 9, T m C'

0.1

Rat

e of

CS

Con

cent

ratio

n B

uild

up (

ng/d

/mln

)

Fig

ure

3-1

du).

Rer

atio

nshi

p of

Med

lan

Tor

eran

ce T

lmJ

co n

are

of B

uild

up (

U).

oEFlod,

oo.oo&

JCP.I, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED

UTVCTASSIFIED

Concentratlon (ng/ns)

Response Tlnes o_f Volunteers Exposed to Low3?"S;il,.::il'6, :f"p ;;; v;;;L:" Percentagdr

3-5

302

507.

Figure 3-2 (U).

UNCI.ASSIFIED


T'NffirecLprocal of time to response. This method wag considered to producecuntes .in conformity with experimental data. Although not strlcclycomparable with the Operations Research Group analysls, the test resuttssuggesE a threshold for response narkedly less Ehan 1.5 rng/n9.

g. (U) Recent Eest resulLs and analyses at, Edgewood Arsenal hatrelndicated a number of ICts6 values from dlfferent experiments, ustngCS.(B) A sumary of these-itudies and analyses is presented ln Table3-2. The ICt"o calculations report,ed were made using the folloringmeEhods:

(1) (u) (u).

(3.1)

where

Lo9t=a*bLo9c

t = time in seconds

a = intercept

b = slope of the regression lLne

c = concentration, mg/rpI

(2> (U) Curvilinear reere (q.logc=a*t(l/r) (3.2)

In EquatLon (3.2) the concentration of CS ls related to the number ofvolunteers (percent of popul-ation) responding in specific time periods(39' 50, 90, 120, 150, 180, zLO, 240, 27O and 300 seconds). From Ehese daEaBliss response regression lines are developed. From Ehe Bliss 1ines,concentraEions are exEracted which produce responses of 16, 30, 50, and84 percent of Ehe population. The indivldual percenE response vaLuesare regressed against all time periods. Dosage responseregression Lines developed from SEudy L of TabLe 3'2 arepresented in Figure 3-3. This study rilas noted as an example of anIC%o test on subjects who were strongly moEivated by personalinEeresE, since Ehe men were insEructed to resist the agent, and t,oremain in Ehe test tunnel as long as possible. Study 6, whlchrepresenEs Ehe only reliable exposure response data for bulk CS, iscontinulng.

. h. (U) The resporise data presrinted, whLch represent the available

.experimental data, must be Eempered by other considerations.Variations eqrong indLvlduals as srrch as 100 fold have been observed andthe effects of motivation on concencratlon time experlments have yetEo be resolved. McNamara, et aL, lndicated (as of August 1968) t'18

3-6

TINCT.JTSSIFIED

g o F F u a El

FI U

i1 \l z o F F a u E

I H U

(, I {

,t

Tab

le 3

-2 (

U).

C

ompa

ratlv

e E

ffect

lven

ess

of C

S in

Men

Exp

osed

und

er V

arlo

us C

ondi

tlons

(Ind

lvid

uaL

Exp

erirn

ents

) (u

1. (

el

I r

60-s

econ

d E

oLer

ance

t,lm

e -

I =

BLi

s A

naly

sls,

II

= C

urvi

linea

i Reg

ress

lon

Ana

lysi

sbN

ew c

alcu

latio

n m

ade

in 1

969

usin

g 78

ren

. D

aEa

on r

enai

nder

of

146

exP

osur

es u

sed

tn F

lgur

e 2-

3(1

959)

wer

e no

t av

alla

bl.e

ln 1

959.

cCS

2 =

95f

CS

, 4.

757.

Cab

-0-S

lL,

0,25

% h

exam

ethy

ldls

ilaza

ne,

L o ! I '(, ! 'o v nl o n E'

m o z o t o L 3 rfl

c,

Stu

dyD

ate

ofS

tudy

Dle

eem

tnat

lon

MeE

hod

Exp

osur

e C

ondl

Eto

ns

Con

c.R

ange

(nu/

m3;

No.

Men

"rct

nI

IIIm

g nl

n/rn

g

1 2 63 4 5

rl

1959

1967

1 96

8

1968

1968

1968

(Con

tlnu.

ine)

Spr

ayed

ace

tone

soL

uLio

ns

Spr

ayed

ace

tone

sol

uLlo

ns

Spr

ayed

ace

cone

soL

utio

ns

CS

/mer

hyle

ne d

ichl

orld

eso

luE

ions

dro

pped

int

ohe

ated

cup

CS

/net

hyle

ne d

ichl

orld

e's

olut

lons

dro

pped

lnt

ohe

aEed

cup

CS

f dr

y po

wde

r di

ssem

i-na

ted

by M

etro

nic8

gene

rato

rI

I{in

d tu

rure

l-S m

ph a

ir sp

eed.

Gro

up e

xpos

ures

-tot

aL b

ody.

No

speb

lflc

psyc

holo

glca

lm

oEiv

atlo

n te

chni

ques

use

d-rn

en b

rlefe

d be

fore

exP

osur

e-as

ked

to r

esis

t ag

ent to

bes

tof

. E

heir

abiL

tty.

Win

d tu

nnel

-5 m

ph a

ir sp

eed

Indl

vldu

al e

xpos

ures

-hea

don

try.

c. N

o m

tlvaE

l.on-

as f

or s

tudy

1.

San

e as

for

stud

y 1.

a. 2

0 m

s ch

ambe

r.b.

Gro

up e

xpos

ures

-t,o

Eal

bo

dy.

c. N

o no

tivaE

ion-

as f

or s

tudy

1.

a. 2

0 m

s ch

anbe

rb.

Gro

up e

xpos

ures

-tot

al b

ody.

c. S

ubje

cts

moE

lvat

ed l

n gr

oups

by p

sych

olog

lcal

tec

hnig

uea.

Sam

e as

for

stud

y 1.

a. b. c. a. b.

s-44

2.A

0.03

-8.0

0.02

-5.4

0

0.40

-0.9

0

0.50

-28.

0

0.3-

6 .7

0

b78 35 30 2L

130 30

3 7

30

0 L.41

0 0 L2.4

.7 .07

.5,2 .6 .9

otlSzooqlo.oct

o 1n

g,.u

o(,c,v)

JCP{, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED

T'NCLITSSIFIED

Coneentratton (mg/m3)

3 = _Percent of Population Responding

Time to IncapacltationExposed to CS (U).(8)

in Untrained Men

3-8

Sk.

L7"Log Y = 0.80

Figure 3-3 (U).

T'NCI.H,SSIFIED

without Masks

JCPJ, DPG REGRÂDED UNCI.ASSIFIED

T'Nffi

is the consensus in the Toxlcology DepartmenL, Edgewood Arsenal, andthe operation Research Group that_ a range of rcts6 values shouldbe used for CS. The range of concenEratlons which wlll lncapaclcaEe50 percenE of a pdpulatlon ln I minute is 0.1 to 10.0 mg/np, dependingupon the moEivation of the populaclon involved. The range ls applicableto the maximum degree of motlvaEion produced in laborat,ory experl.mentsand an upper liniE above 10.0 mg/n3 may pertain to greaEer degrees ofmotivaEion which mtghE be encounEered in riot, or conbac situation".rr(e)

i. (U) Tegt resulre at Edgewood Areenal have lndicaEedEhaE a very hlgh level of adaptatton and/or tolerance mlghtdevelop under condltlons of extreme motLvatlon or whereescape Eo clean'alr is not posstble. McNamara, eE 41, reportItIt has been noted chat men may work withouE any stgn of discomforcLn an atmosphere where CS has gradually accumulaEed. These CS con-taining atmospheres rrere lntolerable to persons entering the contfm{-nated area fron fresh air. IE was assrmred thaE adaptat,Lon deveLopedgradually wiEh a slowly increaslng alrborne concentrat,l.on of CS. I{trenthe rEolerantr person left the contanlnated area for short periods,10 Co 30 minutes, the tolerance sras lost and re-enEry lnto the contaml-naEed acmosphere resul-Eed in obJecElonabLe lrritation. For experlmenEalslEuatlons when men have been motlvaEed to remain ln the cl-oud for3 minutes or more a condltlon of adaptatlon ensues and the irritantseffects subside. AdapcaEton to CS has been noted at concentratlons of6 rg/e or less. It has been noEed thaE: (1) men can tolerate 1.5ng/m of CS for at least 90 minutes, and (2) men can tolerate 6 rg/wof CS when the concencration is gradually developed durlng 30 minutes.tr(8)Anlmal experlmenEs have also lndlcated EhaE Ehe developmenE of hlghtolerance is possible. Further experimenEs are ln progress aE EdgewoodArsenal Eo motivaEe men to resist high concenEraEions,

j. (U) IE is evident that Ehe experimental trlals Eo date haveproduced wide variaElons Ln deEermining dose response relationships.Ilcrwever, based on a revtew of Ehe available expertmental daEa and theassumpEion that conbat troops are highly moElvated individuaLs, Lt isestimaEed EhaE the IC%o for agent CS is 10 ng nin/ma lf reached wiEhinfive nLnut,es. This value indicaces a mLnlmtrm effecEive concentre€ionor Ehreshold for response of 2 rrgln:.

k. (U) Partl.cle slze has been demonsErated to affect bothEolerance and recovery t,ime. Tables 3-3 and 3-4, from Owens andPunte(s), indicate resplraEory and eye response and recovery Elmesfor parcicles of 0.9 mLcron and 60 microns nrnd. Llttle data areavallable on response Eo exploslve and bulk dtssemlnated CSl and CS2.Data on t,olerance times for traversal of different tyPes of EerrainconEamLnated wlth known densitles of CS2 are given ln Flgutes 3-4 and3-5.(2) The eoncentratLons gtven ate Ehe final valueg recorded aE Ehe

Elme Ehe indicaEed percent of volunteer subjecEs were forced Eo dlscontinue4-

3-9

TINCT.H,SSIHED

JCPJ, DPG REGRADED UNCIASSIFIED

T'NCI,ASSIFIED

Table 3-3 (u). Abtllty of subjects to Tolerate Exposures to one andSixty Mlcron o-ChlorobenzylldeneoalononiErlle Aerosols (U).(g)

SubJects Able to Toleracer(7")

Exposure CondlElon

ticles

Eyes

Respiratory System

Eyes and Respiratory System

"Based on 60 second exposure to concentration of 85 t 15 tng/.p

Table. 3-4 (U). Mean Recovery Tine of SubJects Folloning nlpdsure coOne and Slxty Micron o-ChlorobenzylldenemalononiErlleAerosols (U).Cel

Exposure Condltion

Eyes

RespLratory System

Eyes and RespLratory Systen

Recovery Time ln Seconds

Large ParEicles

280

t9

188

tFour of six subJects were able to perform taeksexPosure

lsrmedlately after

3-10

Small Partlcles

40

0

16

Small Partlcles

91

51

52

T'NC:.A,SSIFIED

1000

t'

L o '0 -! t] ! o v m o a tr, rfl o c z o F a L ! m g

o g 10

0

d o r{ rJ € IJ r{ C'

cl A cl (, d H o r, .

. 10o E rl F

1

1l ,I0I

Fin

al.

Exp

osur

e C

once

ntra

tion

(n!/n

:)

Ftg

ure3

-4 (

C).

Con

cent

ratio

n vs

Tfu

ne E

o In

capa

clE

atlo

n fo

r C

S2

ln J

ungl

e, F

ores

t, I{

ater

, an

d T

all

Gra

ss fo

r P

erce

nt o

f Sub

Ject

s R

espo

ndin

g (U

I.tal

-

(- o ! L o !1G

). v m o n'c

t m o c z o F a g, r m o

(, o o \./ H o 'r{ +.l ql u Y{ (,

tdd

IQ Hql

NO

H H o +J o ts .r{ H

I

Flg

ure

3-5

(d).

C

once

ntra

tlon

vs T

lrre

tofo

r P

erce

nt, of

Sub

Ject

s

L0.0

for

CS

2 in

Ope

n T

erra

inG

)In

capa

cita

tld4

Res

pond

ing

(U)'.

Fin

al E

xpos

ure

Con

cent

ratio

n (n

g/m

3)

JCP-I, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSIFTED

the traversal, and thus were reached by a range of builduP rates.actual concentration hlstories ltere not reporEed.

The

1. (U) I{elgand hag recently reviewed studies provldlng data onthe relaElonshlp of exposure concentratlon to skln ,effects.(to)Dosages of lees than 11098 rng rnln/ma produced erythema on areas expoaedto concentraElons of 30 ng^tr in a tropic envl.ronmenc. Expoauredoaagea of 11098 to 21997 ng nln/m9 ac this concentsraELon level produced snallblisters. Ln a slmllar environnent, erythema ltag produced on Ehe forearms of50 percent of the tesE subJecls aE dosages of 21000 to 51000 mg mln/m3.In a thtrd experiuent, conducted under simrlated Eropical condl.Elons(97 oF; 100% relatlve humidlty) at 300 n8/m3 concentratLons, all fourtest subJects developed effects resembl.lng flrst and eecond degreeburne on theLr forearrng wlthln L2 to 24 hours after a dosage of 171700mg nin/m3. There Ls soroe evLdence substantiating a binary (trto stage)cutaneous respotrse, wlth the more 'severe effects occurring afterseveral days. There are no reliable estlmates of casualty probatllltythowever, and lf proper pereonnel decontamtnatton measures are taken,this threat should be negllgible.

S-S. (U) Duration and Severtty of Casualty Status (U)

Most indl.vLduals recover from lncapacitatlng resplratory and oculareffecE,s wLchin 10 minutee foll@rlng removal to fresh air, Ttre usualeye effecEs are profuse lacrlruatlon, burnlng and pain, blepharospasm,and severe conJuncEivlEls. Photophobia and erythema of Ehe eyelLdshave been obeerved to last over an hour. Reeplratory reeponses are.a painful burnLng sensatl.on Ln the throat, a feellng of constrlctlonln the chest, coughLng, and sneezlngi these are accompanied by.? Eendencyto panic. Syscenlc effects (such aJ headache and nauCea) have blenreported in a few insEances afEer exPoaure to hlgh concencraElons.Horrever, Ehese are apparently not signlfLcant. Analysis frm ErooptrlaLs of the duracLon of lncapaclEaElon Ls surmarlzed belorr ln Table3-5. The exposure concentratlons were not reported.(4)

3-4;(U) PhyslologLcal Countermeasures (U)

physiologLcal countermeasures have not been developed for eltlrerproptrylaxis or Eherapy agalnst the respiratory and ocular threats ofager,t- CS. Hcrever, fresh aLr has been found to be very effectlvein the reductLon of sl/mpEoms. Currently recornmended treatment ofskln exposureg lncludls the use of skLn lrrltant decontamlnant (SID)tcalamine lotLon, bacit,racln olntment, antlhlstaml.ne cream, andhydrocortlsone ointment.

3 -13

T'NCI.ASSIFIED


1

Eo

to

9

'ttedian durat,l.on = approxlmately 4 minutes.

3-L4

1

5

:9

L9.3

39.2

11.4

30. s

I'NCT.TISSIFIED

Table 3-5 (U). Sumrary of Duratlon of Incapacl.tatLon from TroopTrlal.e(u1.(rt

Duratlon of Incapaclt,atlon8 Percentage of SubJeets(nin)

I'NCT.ASSIFIED


CIIAPTER 4

SOURCE MODEL AND PARAMETERS

4-1. (U) GeneraL (U)

a. (U) The source modeL includes those factors whichdescribe the quantl.ty, geoneEry, and time scale of the agent, sourceproduced upon functlontng of the nunitlon. These factors are incLudedin the trro components of the source model (i.e., the storage submodeland the dissemination submodel).

b. (U) ltre storage submodel describes those changes ln lnlttalpuriEy and physlcal characterlstlcs of productlon qualtty CS rshlehare brought about by the envLronmental condltlons of storage prlorEo operat,ional use and which affect the agent sourcecharac t.eris Eics . - =

c. (U) lhe dLsseminatlon submodel deecrlbes the space tLredistribuElon of the agent source. Ihis disEributLon ls a funcElon of thephys'ical propertles of the sgenE (descrl.bed by the storage subnodel) aE rheEirne of emlssion; Ehe environnencaL condltlons aE lhe clme of emisslon;and the opera_tional. characterlstlcs of the dlssernlndtl-on systemat the ELme of emisglon.

4-2. (C) Storage Paraneters (U)

a. (U) General (U). The storage submodel for CS descrlbescbanges ln the physical propertl.es of the agent occurrLng betweenthe tiEe of production of the agent and the ultl.rnate dissemLnatlon ofthe a'gent over a target.. In generql, these changes relate to the tttr€whlch hae elapsed slnce productLon, and the envlronmental conditlonsunder whl-ch the agenE and the munition have been stored durlng thatperiod. Both chenl.cal ai.rd physlcal stablllty of CS are of lnterest,,sLnce Ehey relate etther to Ehe agent. gurLty at time of use, orEo the physlcal properEles whlch affecE Ehe dlssemlnatlon procesa.

b. (C) Chentcal StabtLltv. (Purttv) (U).

(1) (U) The productlon purlty of CS ls deflned by rnilltaryspeclflcatton MIL-C-510298 and le eatLmated t,o be a minlsrusr of96 percent. The chemLcal characterlsEics requLred are presented lnTable 4-1. The recmended nethod for nakLng a purtEy determlnatlonls descrlbed ln U.S. Army Edgewood Arsenal Report 61.4.11 2396(tt)and in Mllltary Speclficatlon MIL-C-510298.

4-L

JCP-I, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSTFIED

Table 4-1 (U). ChemlcalQualtcy

Characterlstlcs Requlred for Productloncs (u).

CharacEerLsElc

Pure CS by assayo-chlorobenzaldehydeMalononLtrlleVolatile matter

Requirenent (% by wt)

96.0 mLnimurr

1.0 maxinum

1.0 maxLmum

1.0 naxlmum

(2) (C) The active content of the blends CSI and CS2 ts =diluted by Ehe additlon of 5 pereenE slltca gel. The dlfference

beEween chese two blends is ln the bondlng procese by whlch theadditive ls coated onto CS. In both blends, Ehe lnlElal purlty lsapproximacely 91 percent; honever, a mlnlnnrm purlEy of 9O percentwill meet Ehe productlon speclficatlons for the blende. From a totalof L2 cheml.cal analyses of purlty for CSl and CS2, the following con-Eent of pure CS was meagured: i:St naa an average of 90.0 perc.ent purltywlth a 95 percent confidence lnterval of 88.6 to 91.4 percent; CS2had an average of 91.5 percent purLty wlth a 95 percent confl.denceinterval of 90,4 to 92.5 percent.

(3) (C) Avatlable eurvelllance and laboratory data l-ndtcatethat the raEe and extent' of agent deconpoeltl.on are a functlon oftemperaEure and moisture content, and are narkedly Lncreased whenboth htgh Eemperature and molsture are present. Extreme Eemperatureatone does noE appear to signtflcanEly affect chemical scablllty ofraw CS alone or Ln comblnatlon wlth several standard meEals, or Lnlts aerogel for"m, for perlods up Eo Ewo years. However, Ln pyrotechnicmlxtures, a marked loss of purlty occurs at remperaEures above 49 oC

(120 oF) wlthin a few days ln dry eaopl.es, wlth the presence ofmoLsture greatly eccentuaclng the adverse effects. Chenlcal stabllltyfor perlods of more than tlro years has not been determlned.

(4) (C) The above concLusions regarding the chemical and physlcalstabllity of CS are based on data from Ehree reports. The flrst ofthese is a laboratory study of the conpatlbtltty of rasr CS wlthaluminum, anodized alumlnum, and eEalnlegs steel under hlgh teopera-tures (71 oC) aa compared wlth sEorage ln glaes at 7L oC temperatureand at room temperature.(12) None of the samples shoered a staEistlcallysignificant, correlation between decmpoeltlon and t,lme over a perlodof 24 months. The purlty of the sample having the largesE change rangedfron 2 co 12 percent Less. AlL chree types of oeEal were sllghtlypltted by the agents but not sufficlently to lndlcace thac thle

I4-2

.-':.

. -li :.J


conEribuEed to an acceleraEed deconposltlon.

(5) (c) StmtlatLy, surveLllance trlals of bulk CSl stored lnarct,lc, temperaEe and deeert envlronments for Ewo years showed onlynegllglble deconpo"lglsn.(13) SfunLlar reeulgs were obgalned for aloE sEored ln a Lroplc envtronment, In Chls study one storage contalnerruptured and allored the entry of moieture. Slgnlflcant decomposltlonwas not,ed and was attributed to che comblned effect,s of heaE and molsture.

(6) (c) In contrasE, study of che effects of heatand molsture tn a CS pyrotechnic mlxture revealed subsganclal loseegin puriLy wlthln L60 houre at 7L oC., even in the dry comparisonsamples (greater than 25 percent loss at less than 0.5 percentmoisture). The mixture conEalned CS, potasslun chloraEe, thiourea,kaolin, and nitrocelLulose.(r4) preitmtnary tests lndicsted that thethlourea also changed, and ln the subseguenE experinenrs ahnosL 90percenE of the Ehl.ourea wae Lost lndry jr-ples ac Zt oC. MoisturecontenL markedly lncreased decoryosltlon of both ingredlents, wlthEhe purlty of CS decreaslng 42 percent within 160 hours at 6 percentmoisture content and 71 oC. storage teuperature (see Table 4-2). Infour lnstances, Ehe moist CS samples rtflashedtr at 7L oC.

(7) (C) Thus, Lt appears that sEorage temperacure and Eime donot affect the chenlcal stabillty of CS Ln raw, Ehlourea pyrotechnlc,or aerogel conblnatlons, for periods up to two years if moisEurecontenL ls kept below 0.5 percent and sEorage temperaEure ls lessEhan /+9 oC. (120 oF.). tllgh noisture content results in agbnt decompo-slEion (ic is parElcularly severe for pyroEechnic mixtures). Nosurveillance data, other than Ehat for Ehe bulk CSl, are avallablelo verlfy these lnplications for parEl.cular mrniEions; however, a shorErigorously controlled eEorage progr€m wlch M25 grenades was conductedin Late 1958 at Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland. Chemical analyses ofCS agent, from M25 grenades, CSI and CS2, stored for four weeks at,a desert temperatuie of 68.5 oC. (155 oF.) and anbLent condLtLons,lndicated no degradatl-on ln agent Purity.(rs)

(8) (U) The llnlred lnfornation obtalned does not permi.tformulatlon of a va1ld submodel for CS decomposlc,lon. The valuespresenEed ln Table 4-2 ate derlved from laboratory samples, and areLntended for use as guldellnes Eo the senslElvlEy of CS-pyrotechnicmLxtures.

c. (C) Phyelcal Stabtllty (U).

(1) (c) Although only llnlted data are avallable, there isno indicatlon of slgnLfLcant changes ln physical stabiLlty of CS

occurring durlng sEorage for perlods of uP to tlto years, providingthe watertight lntegrity of the storage container is preeerved.In addition to causing hydrolysis, moisLure w111 resulE in some- -

4-3

JCP.I, DPG REGRADED UNCI.ASSIFIED

Table 4-2 (U). PercenE Lose of CS ln a T3 Pyrotechnic Mixture forVarLous Storage Temperaturee, Motsture Contents,and Storage Periode (U).(tr;

Storage PerlodStorage Temperature

(oc. ) I'tolsture Content of Sanple (7.)

49

50

7L

agglomerattcr and, perhaps, an increase Ln partlcle eLze. TheeffecEs of'molsEure on the dleaemlnatLon process have not beenestabllshed. Ho$ever, fteld cests.of bulk cs2 have inplled thatincreased Partlcle size accounted for the reduced effectlvenesg ofthe agent l-n molst envLronments.

(2). (C) Studles by Cante, et al, denonstrated that storageat temperatures of 50 oC (125 oF) and above of CS2 type 28and CS 1 (Fisher GAenical Co., N.Y.)' materlally altered selectedpropertles of the agent.(16) The spreadlng rate' percent elutriated(dispersibility) and hydrophobicity decreased from the inltlalunheated values. (See Figs. 4-1 through 4-5 and Table 4-3.) Theparticle size distrLbution shtfted to Lncreaslng nunbers of partLcleswith dianeters less Ehan 5 ml-crons and the degree of agglomerattonincreased.

(3). (U) Durlng a ctosely controlled storege Progran at Edge-wood. Ar,senal-, agencs CSI and CS2 were stored under ambient and desert68.5 oC. (155 oF.) conditions for four weeks l-n glass ampules and inthe M25 grenade caniater. The mnd of the agent fill changed from14 to 17.5 nlcrons during storage of CSl, and fton 9.5 to 11 micronsfor CS2. Test data, however, indLcated that the dlssemiriatlonefficl-ency of the M25 grenade (fllLed wlth CSI or CS2) ls notadversely affected by envlronnentat storage.(16) (See Table 4-11,page 4-15).

24 32 40 48

26 31 42 65

4-4

ffi

1132881318246183143


T'NCT.T[SSIFIED

1.5

Figure 4-L

r)c)obo'

t(,I?A

agtIJqt*o0crtIot.Au,

24 48 72 96 L20 L44 168Tlne ln Storage (hours)

(U). SpreadLng Rate of CS2 (Type 28 Flsher) vsTime ln Storage (U).(16)

€or,atlt,

f{{J

ofls00lL

Tlc tn Storage (hours)

Figure 4-2 (U). Percent ElutrLated for CS2 (lypeTLme in Storage (U).(16)

4-5

1

28 Ftsher) vs

155 0F

125 0F

InlElal, unheaEed sample

oAo

o

155 0F

125 0F

48 hr at 155'oF, thenhefc at 125 oF

Initl8l, unheated sample

AA

I'NCI.^H,SSIFIED


T'NCT.ASSIFIED

!0,rJ(u

i{tJ!

tt:Utroal{otr{

34.

32.

30.

28.

26.

24.

22.O

20.0

Figure 4-3

24 48 72 96

Time in Storage

(U). Percent Elutriated for

120 L44(hours )

CSI vs Time in

168 L92

Storage (U).(16)

!,dqtt,H1

t+.t

t{)tnoo

&,ALob0

@

ht,o

E{!oAoH'd>r

Tlme ln Storage (hours)

Figure 4-4 (U). " Hydrophobicity of Ci2 (Type 28 Fisher) vs Tlmein Storage (U). ( l6)

aHydrophoblciEy is expressed numerlcally wlth Ehe hydrophobfcltydecreasing as t,he numerlcal value increaees.

4-6

155 0F

Initlal, unheaced sample

o

o

O lss or'

A tzs orO +g hr ar, 155 oF rhen

kept at 125 oF

O tnitial, unheaEed sampLe

T'NCI.ASSIHED

1

&JHqtr,oqttt{H

ut@

r,tro)00

@

>\rJr{o

T{!oo.ol'{E>\

JCPJ, DPG REGRADED UNCIASSTFIED

o o

o

o

oOirss or

O tntttal, unhe*ed sample

. 24 48 72 95 120 L44 158

Tlme ln Storage (hours)

Figure 4-5 (u). t Hydrophoblclty of CSI vs Tlme ln Storage (U).(rB)r Hydrophobiclty is expresggd nrrrnsstcally wlth the hydrophobicitydecreasing as the numerical value lncreases.

t92

60

40

30

(4) (C) Trtats wl-th the Mi! disperser were conducted atEdgewood Arsenal durlng March 1968. Four CS2 fl11ed dLspersers rtereplaced ln storage, lwo each aE . ambient, and et desert 68.5 oCr (155 oF.)condLtl.ons for six weeks. Based on the llmited number of EesEs, ananalysLs bf the dlssemlnatlon efficLenctes showed no slgnlflcanEdifference at the 95 pereenc confldence 1evel in aLrborne return asa resulE of sEorage 'conditlons.(r7)

4-3. (C) DissemlnaEl.on Paramecers (U)

a. (U) 9g! G). The dlseemLnatlon component of the CS -source model is concerned wlEh the space/tfune dlsErtbution of theagenE Bource. Thts tnformation ls employed ln Ehe Ersnsfer modeleto estimate unLt threat fielde. The features of the dteeeml-naEedagenE aource of prlmary lnterest are Parttcle stze distrlbutlontsource strength, and gource geonetry. The avaLlable infor-rmaglon about theee characterletics has been gathered for the munltionsllsted ln Table 4-4. the munJ.tlons have been grouped lnto thleecategortes of dlssenlnatlon: Potnt/vohne sources; bulkdlsp-nstng aourcea; and ilne gources. For each categoryt submodelsof rhe dLssemlnatlon process have been selected whlch are compaElblewLEh avaLlable transfer models and aval.lable lnformaElon fromlaborat,ory and fteld teeEe of Ehe selected munltLone. I{trere supple--menEary Lnformatlon Ls necesaary, daEa collecEed on cloaely re1afrdmunitione have been used to estLmate Parameter values.

4-7

tr'i

*"

Tab

l.e 4

-3 (

U),

S

umar

y of

Par

tlcle

Siz

e D

ara

vs T

ine

ln S

tora

ge (

U1.

(ta1

rBas

ed o

n ca

lcul

at,io

ns u

sing

elu

tria

t,lon

res

uLtq

and

par

Elc

le s

lze

dlsE

ribut

ion.

L o ! I b ! o v n o n tr m trt z o F o 9 1r m 0

Sam

ple

Des

igna

Eio

nT

lme

ln O

ven

(hou

rs)

Mas

s M

ean

Dla

met

er(m

lcro

ns)

SE

anda

rdD

evia

tlon

Per

cent

Les

s T

han

16 M

icro

ns

Dls

sem

inaE

lon

Effl

cien

cya

(7")

Gro

und

st,a

te

I IIA III IVA

v

0 6 24 48 L20

168

1.5.

5

10.6

13 .0 8.6

L2.0

L2.0

1.65

1.66

L,69

L.72

L.7L

l.7L

52 80 66 100 72 77

76 48 58 35 49 47


ffiTable 4-4 (U). CS Oriented Offenslve Munltions (U)

Carcrldge, 4.2 lnch tactlcal, CS, )0{630 (wlch )Ol9 canisters)Cartrldge, 105 rrro tactical, CS, )dJy't629 (wlth XM8 canlsters)Cartrtdge, 155 nnr tacELcal, CS, Xil631 (wlth XM7 canlsters)Launcher, 35 m cartridge, L6 Eube, E8 (wlrh E23 cartridges)Grenade, hand, rloE control, CS, M7A3 (wtth 0.7 to 2.0 sec fuze) or

XM54 (wtth 8 to 12 sec fuze)Grenade, hond, riot control, CSl, CS2, M25A2Cartrldge, 40 m riot conrrot, CS, )G{551E1 (used wirh M79 launcher)Disperser, rloE controt agent, skid-mounted, M2Dlsperser, rLot control agenE, porEable, M105 MtEy-MlteCanLster clusler, tact,l.cal, CS, L30 lb, M165 or CBU-l9/A (two =

&11.5 canlsEer cLusEers with XM16 canlsters)Dlsperser, riot control agent, portable, M3

Bulk Dl.spenslng Munltlons

Bomb, fuze and burpter, syatem nf2} and )O1925 (with 55 gallon drr:n)Dlspenser and bagged rlot cont,rol agent, hellcopter, CS2, )G{28Bomb, chemlcal, BLU-5218 (wtrh CSl) or BLU-52A/B (wirh CS2)Bomb, chemlcal, MK20Borob, chemLcal l'fu. 77

LLne Source MuniFl-ons

Dtsperser, rLot control agent, hellcopter or vehlcle mounEed, M4Dlsperser, riot control agent,, helicopter or vehicle mounEed, M5Canister cluster, riot concrol, CS, CBU-3O/A (SI]U-13/A dLspenser

wlth BLU-39 /B,23 canisters)

b. (C) Particle Sl.ze Dlsrrlbution (u).

(1) (U) In order to evaluate Ehe effects of agent CS by theclassical model, lE ls necessaly to know Ehe distribuEion of par-ticle slzes generated by the dissenlnation process. Once EheparCicle size distrLbuEion is kncrn, the transfer models--including Eransport, deposltion, attenuaEton, and seeondary release--may be used to predlct the pot.enrlal exPosure EhreaE Eopersonnel. In additlon, the response effects are dependenEon Ehe size of parLlcles which produce both the ocular and EheinhaLation doses received.

4_g -

@


(2> (C) Fleld measurenents of the parBlcle slze dlstrlbutlondissemlnated by pyrotechnlc rnunltlons are not general.ly avallsble. H,owever,esEinates have beeu Eede durlng fteld tests of the EB launcher uslnga 5 sEage cascade lmpactoa,(1a) The saopler ra8 locaced dorynslnd ofthe release aC a pol.nt representlng approxftnately 30 seconds oftravel after Ebe mrnltl.on functlo'ned. Ihe daEa tndlcated a md ofless than 2 r"lcrons. It ls esclmeted that the ud of pyrotechnlcallydlsseminated CS Ls lesa than 5 mlcrons,

(3) (C) A ltntted anount of data haa been assesaed for partlclesLze estlmates of CS2 and raw CS when dlsperaed ln the fle1d.(re1The 105 nun'shell (fllled wlth preesed CSz and caat CS) produced amd for airborne'CS of approxlnately 40 ml.crons. It wae algoestlmated thaE spproxtEaEely 5 percenE of the nass of alrborneparLicles had dianreters less than 10 microns.

=(4) (U) No data are avallable to eetlmate the particle slzedistrlbution from bulk dlspenslng systeme, or co_mpreased alr andblower dlaperser systeyna. Ic ls estlmated Ehat the md for bulkdisseminated CSl and CS2 ts 10 to 15 microns.

c. (c) .9@,(u).(1) (U) General (U). Source streagch parameters for the

munltlons wlttrin-EFecope of the Source Book are Ptesented forthree classes of dlssemlnatlon. A PolnE/volume sourcestrength submodel Ls used for pyrotechnlc mrnltlons, exploslvennnttions, statlonary aLt dlspersere, and dorrrrxllnd hazard cloudsfrom bulk dLepensing systems. A ground contaninaElon source attengthsubmodel Ls employed for bulk dtspenstng syetens. A 1lne sourcestrength subnodel Ls used for the USAF CBU-3OA bomblet dlspenelngsystem and for heltcopEer or vehlcle mounted forced alr dispersers.Each of Ehe Ehree submodels and the corresPondl.ng paraneter valuegand confldence lntservalB are dlscueeed in the follorrlng paragraphs.All parameter estimages are eumarl.zed ln Table 4-25 at Ehe end ofChapter 4.

(2') (U) Polnt/Volume Sourcee (U). Two types of subnodeleare necessary to represeht the wlde sPectrum of cs munltlonswhtch dfsserninace polnt/voh:me source clouds. The PyroEechnl'cmuniEions, exploeive mrBltlona, and the alrborne cloud from bulkdispensing systens have a source sErength glven by

Q 'Rp.w (4.1)

4-10

@


UNffiIlthere Q = effectlve total source strength of pure agent, mg

'P = agent purity at time of dissemination, a fractlonbetween zero and one

ga = disseminaEion efficiency, the percenE of munlEionfilling which ls dissemlnated in effective airbornefotm, %

I.I =.wel.ght of agent fill in the munition, mg

The statlonary aLr dispersers have a source strength gLven by

Q = Rp"Et

where Q = rnunltLon source strength, mg

P = agent purity at time of dl.ssemination, a fraccionbetween zero and one

6p" = dlsseminatl.on efflclency, che percenE of agent whichdisseminated in effecEive airborne form, %

E = dissemination rate, mg/sec

t = length of time dlsperser is operated, sec

AvaiLable test -d€ita have been used to estirnate the alrbornedissemination efficlency (q") arrd dissemination rate (E) for somemunicions. Tables 4-5, 4-6- and 4-7 present dissemlnation effi-ciencles measured in Ehe Edgewood Arsenal wind tunnel for Ehecanist,ers which are conEained in the 105 m, 155 rm and the 4.2 inchCS cartridges. The tables also sholr confldence inEervals for eachmunLtion. Tables 4-8, 4-9 and 4-10 presenc disseminaElon efficlenclesmeasured in the Edgewood Arsenal wl.nd tunnel for the E23 cart,ridgesubmunition of the E8 launcher, the 849 or )GI16 canlster of Ehenfl65 cluster (Af,U-fS/f23 canisEer of rhe CBU-l9A and CBU-30AclusEers), and the M7A3/)il54 hand grenade, respectively.

4-11

T'NCT.ASSIFIED

JCPJ, DPG REGRADED UNGLASSIFIED

1

23456

7

B

910

Mean

Sanple sEandard

95% confidence

Table 4-6 (U). ResulLs ofCanisters,

Trial Number

Iz3456

789

10

Mean

Sanple sEandard

957" confidence

deviaelon

interval

T'NCI.ASSIFIM

Table 4-5 (U). Resulrs ofCanis Eers,

Trial Number

deviatLon

int,erval

Wind Tunnel Tests of 105 nrr CartridgeCS Filled (U;. {zo I

Dissemlnatlon Efflclency, ga (%)

746569736366777L6980

7L

5.4

67 Eo 75

Wind TurmeL Tests of 155 rrn CartridgeCS Fllled (U;. tzt I

Dissemination Efficiency, 9a (%)

63626667636964666258

64

3.1

62 ro 66

4-t2

TINCT.ASSIHED

-

JCP-I, DPG REGRADED UNCLASS'FIED

TINCIfr.SSIFIED

Table 4-7 (u). Results of wlnd Tunnel Tests of 4.2 rnch cartrldgeCanLs ters, CS Ftl- led (U; . ( zz 1

Trlal Nr:nber Dissemination Efflciency, ga e)

Table 4-8 (U). Resulrs ofCS Ftlled

Wlnd tunnel Tests(u). (23)

123

4567

I9

10

Mean

Sample sEandard

95% confidence

deviarion

lnterval

65677L74697873726967

70

4.O

67 co 731

of 823 Cartridge,

Trial tturber

1

2345

Mean

Sanple standard

957" confLdence

Dissemlnatlon Efficiency, ga (%)

7368696765

68

. 3.0

64 to 72

devLatlon

Lnterval

4-L3

T'NCT.}TSSIHED


Table 4-9 (U). Results ofCanister,

T'Nffi

Wind Tunnel Tests of F.49 (BLU-39/823)cs Ftlled (u1.{zal

Trial Nunber

12345

Mean

Sarnpl"e standard

957" confldence

DlssemlnaElon EfficLency, ga Q")

7974778180

78

2.8

74 to 82

of M7A3 Grenades,

Dissemlnatton EfftctencY, 9a (%)

4447604655

50

6.8

41 ro 59

deviation

interval

Table 4-10 (U). Results of Wind Tunnel Testscs Ftlled (u) . ( zg I

Trial Number

1

2345

Mean

Sanple standard

957. confidence

devlaEion

interval

4-L4

TINCT.A,SSIFIED


I'NMClosely controlled storage tests rrlth the I'125AZ grenade were

conducted at Edgewood Arsenal durlng 1969.(rsl Results of the testslndl'cated no dlfference or degradatl.on tn dtssemlnatlon efficlency forgrenades stored for four weeks at ambLent, 69.5 0c. (155 0F.) andcycled bere/een -31.5 0c. (-25 0F.) and 6g:5 "c. (155 0F.), Data fromthese test8 are presented ln Table 4-11..

The airborne dtsseminatlon efficiencles for bulk agent dlepenelngsystems have been estirnated from data obtatned durtng titals at DuggayProvlng Ground durlng 1969.(z+) Results of these tests are presented

Tabre 4-11. (u). Results of wlnd Tururel TesEs of I,t25M Grenades,CSl and CS2 Filled (U).(15)

SEorage semination Efficienc

AmbLent

DeserE 68.5 oc (155 oF)

Cyclic (Desert-Atctlc)

Mean

Sample standard deviatlon

95% confidence lnterval

25253431334L32

3127262L3735

.29

2626293336323330.6

4.8

28 ro 33

35293735363338

43344437453850

33-394L423934

:_39. 1

5.0

36 ro 40

T'NCI.[SSIEIED


T'NCTASSIHED

in Table 4-L2 for the Xl{28 dlspenser, XM925 55 gal. drum, BLU-52A/Bbouib, MK20 bomb, and MK77 borib. The dlsseminatlon efflciency for the40 nrn cs cartrldge shown in Table 4-25 ts baeed on esEimaEes-reporEedby the Operatlonl Res"at"h Group of Ehe U.S. Army Munlfions Con;nand'(€6)

Dissemlnatton rates and dissemlnatlon efflciencl-es for the M106

dLsperser are Presented ln Tables 4-13 and 4-L4, resPectlvely. These

estlmates were obtalned from trLals conducted at Edgewood Arsenalduring September 1963.(ee)

Table 4-LZ (U). Airborne Agent Recsveries for CS2 Bulk MunltLons lnopen Terrain (U).(24)

Munltlon ALrborne DLssernl.nationEfflclencytea &)

r IO{28

Mean

xM925

BLU-52A/B

Mean

MK2O

rfean

1,tr-77

Mean

o.2o.22.,51.0

16. 9

40.647.243.9

6.06.1

45.319.1

23.226.3L6.4ffi

r Test report Lndlcatee 40 fo 50 percent of agenE remained inbags on the ground

4-t6

68-53 C-l

68-s3 E-2E-3

I'NCT.^[SSIFIED

JCP-I, DPG REGRADED UNCI.ASSTFIED

TINCI.H,SSIFIED

Table 4-L3 (U). Disseninatlon Rates for M106 Dlsperser (U).(26)

Trial Dlssemlnation Rate' (g/sec)

12

Mean

34

Mean

3.28.0f.6'

5.55.052

rA.nounE of agent disseminated was corrected Eo Ehe agenEpurLty values.

TabLe 4-14 (U). Agent Recovery for M106 Disperser (U).(ze)

4-L7

Dlssemlnation rates and dlssemination efflclencLes for the MidLsperser are presented in Tables 4-L5 and 4-16, respectively. Theseestlmates were obtained from trlals conducted af Edgewood Arsenalduring February through August 1958.(1?)

cslcsl

cs2cs2

Trial AgentDeposiElon Alrborne

ToEal Recovery(7.)

Amount(e)

Efficiencyv6 Q)

Amount(e)

Efflclency9a (7"'

t_

2Mean

34

Mean

cs1cs1

cs2cs2

61.552.5ffi

Lzs.473.9E6

s.14.44.7

10.26.08.1

;; I

I7

L,2461.114

'1_'

101.290. 595. 8

',t'LLL.496.5

103.91,18O.8

TINCT.ASSIFIED


78100LO2

93

190227204227227227Tfr

Note: Heans are not slgnl-flcant!y dlfferent.Therefore, they arecomblned.

Mean (Alrborne)Sample standard devlarlon95% conftdence lnEerval

4-18

I'NCT.AIISXFTED

Table 4-15 (U). DlssemLnaElon Rates for M3 Dlsperser (U1.(rzt

Trial DlssernLnatlon Rate (g/sec)

242526

Mean

26A

1013L4L7

Mean

Table 4-16 (U). Agent Recovery for M3 Dtsperser (U;.(rz)

82.4 %

L4.370 to 84.

cslcslcs1

cs2cs2cs2cs2cs2cs2

Trlal AgentDeposltlon Alrborne

Total Recovety(7")

Amount(e)

Efflclency9a (7">

AmounE(g)

Efflelenclea (%)

242526

lfean

26A

1013L4L7

Mean

cslcs1cs1

cs2cs2cs2cs2cs2cs2

11553233

2069

533L448TZ

38

107

1I14243

420432277T6

1r430550738613942880m

976685F5

10061906799a82

99749589

10169917L

101el85

T'NCT.ASSIFIED

JCP{, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSTFIED

The dlsseminatl.on rate for the I'12 dLsperser presented in Table4-25 vae calculated from the reported time required to dlsseminateall the agent f111.(47)

_ (3) (c) (u). The source srrengrhfor the atrborne ystens was drscuesedpreviously. The ground contaninatlon source strength for bulkdlepensing sysrems le glven by

Q = PgdW (4.3)

where Q = effectlve total source strength of pure agent, yng

P r agent purlty at tlne of dlssemlnaEion, a fractlonbeErreen zero and one

g,r = dlsseml.natlon efflclency, the percenE of the muniEi;;f111 which ls deposl-Eed on the ground Ln effectiveform, %

I{ = weight of agent f111 ln the munl.tlon, mg

t-

Agent rgcovery observatlons from fleld trlals conducted byDeseret Test Center have been used to estimate ground contamlnatl.ondLseeminatl.on efflcienci.es for bulk dlspenstng systens .(zrz+1Trlal observations, mean dlssemlnatlon efflciencLes, and confl.dencellmlts arer Presented Ln fables 4-17 thru 4-2L fot the XM28 hellcopterbag dLepenser, xl-r920 and xM925 55 ga1Lo4 drum bomb, BLU-52A/B bomb,MK77 bomb, and MK2O bomb, respectively.(zree'28'2e;30)

Table 4-17 (C). Agent D,epositlon Recovery for )O128 HelicopEerBag Elspenser (U) . ( 2r24)

DTC Trlal Dlsseulnptlon Efftcl.ency, 96 Q.)

ForesEE',E-ti'468-52T5Mean

Open Terr.al4l68-538168-538268-5383Meaa

t lS.ecovery valuesfest report tndlcate-son the ground.

-are noc repre8enEaEive of40 to 50 percent of agents

agenc/area coverage.remaLned ln bags

I

L2.08.2

10. 1

24.48.7

?2.718. 6

4-L9

JCP{, DPG REGRADED UNCIASSIFIED

Table 4-18 (C). Agent DeposlElonDrum Bomb System

Recovery for the n4920 55 Gallon(1;).(2r28rzsr3o)

Trial.

JungLe__]99!DTC 68-52 A1

A2.A3Mean

Open Terrain CSIDPG 8C843 D1

D3DPG EC761 B11

BL2MeanSample standard deviatlon957" confldence lntervaL

Forest and Jungle CS2DTC 58-52 T3

At+

A5A6

MeanSampLe standard devLatlon957" confidence Lnterval

Open Terral.n CS2DPG EC843 A1

A2A3A4A5B7B9RBL2

MeanSample standard devlatlon95% confLdence intervaL

Dlssemlnatton Efflclency, rp6 (/")

26.O31,042-g33.0

39.640.756 '7. 7!-952.2L5.2

22.O Eo 82.0

45.029.054.0$.9-42.910.3

23.0 to 63.0

50.725.934.440.633.134.931.6t1.p37.g9.0

30.0 to 46.0

4-201


234E2E3

deviatl.onlnterval

23.046.05.4

15.043.045.017 .027.916.3

LZ.O Eo 44.O

L7.O10.013.023.714.015. 55.2

8.0 ro 23.0Sample sEandard- deviaElon95% confidence lnEerval

Table 4-20 (U). Agent D'epositlon Recovery for MK77 Bomb, CSz (U).(24)

Trlal Dtss'enlnatton Efficiency, g6 Q")

Open Terralnmc 68-53

Mean

A4A6

63.537.850.7

ffiTable 4-19 (c). AgenE D,eposlEion Recovery for BLU-52A/B Bomb (U).(2'24)

Trial Dlsseminatlon Efflclency, g6 Q)

ForesE and JrnqleDrc 68-52 T8

c1czc3c4c5c6

MeanSample sEaudard957" confidence

Aps-JecEgtnDTC 68-52

DTC 68-53

Mean

4-2L


Table 4-2I (C). Agenc Deposltlon Recovery for MK20 Bornb (U).(24'30)

Trlal Dlssemlnatton Efficlency, 96 Q")

Open Terrain CSIDPG C84O A1

MA'3

Open Terraln CS2

DTC 68-53 D4D6

D10. Mean

Sanple sEandard95% eoaftdence

devlaElonLnEerval

2L.OL4.938. s

18.025.435.425.59,6

15.0 to 36.0

Results of rriaLs wirh the BLIJ-'?/B Bornb at Eglln Alr Force Baeeare Presented ln Table 4-22.(st)

Table 4-22 (C). Ground conEamlnaEl.on Dissenlnatlon Efflclency forBLV-5218 Bomb, CSl (U). (31)

LorlM1nMin

areandfor

rcraft Release CondLtLon DleseminaEion Ef f lciency,(7,)

8.016.025.0

(4) (C) Llne Sources (U). l\lo subnodels of source sEtengthsused for ll-ne eources: onb for C ground llne of bomblets,one for hellcopter or aLrcraft spray. The eource strengtha Line of booblets is glven by

o =*frwhere g = effectl.ve source atrength of pure agent

length of ll_ne crosslrLnd, mg/m

(4.4)

Per

030

15 to 20

9.5 to 11.0L8.227.7

4-22

unit

JGP.I, DPG REGRADED UNCI.ASSIFIED

N = number of polnt/volune sources dlspersed in line length L

Q = effecElve Eotal source strength of pure agent from aslngle pofnt/vohne source, mg

L - llne length, m

6 = orientatLon angle of dellvery vehlcle ftlght llne wlEhthe wlnd dlrection, measured countercloclqrlse fromdolrrmlnd directLonr deg

The CBU-3O/A bonblet dlspensing system releases 40 canl.eters of 32bombLets at Preset tlnn lncrenentg. The tLme lncrernent is constantfor all releases- from a sLngle pass. The number of bornblets per un1tlength of line Cn/I,) ls glven by

N 40ni-@iwhere n = number of bonblets operated.sLmllt,aneously, 32

., = RPaEa

-

v sln6

V = deLlvery vehicle epeed, m/sec

AE - tlme increment between bomblet releases, sec

a.

A uore detalled descrlptlon of the dosage field that, canbe generated from the above rydeL reguLrea lnforrnation on thedisperslon of the bornblets from the clusters. I{hen this lnfor-rnation becomes avallable, more accurate estlrnates of the shorttl.me effecta can be modelled by using an area source model.Horever, the above Llne source submodel provides the best estLmateof effecta whLch can be nade at present.

The source strength for line sources formed by heltcopter or oEhervehicle borne dl.spersers ls glven by

<f,.r>

where q = effectLve spurce stEengEh of pure agenE per unl.t lengEhof llne crossrvind, nig/rn

P = agent purlty, a fraction between zero and one

9a = dissemtnatlon efficlency, the percent of munl-Eion fl1lwhich ls dleeenlnated in effective alrborne form, 7"

E = agent dlssem{nation rate, nb/sec

V = dellvery vehLcle speed, m/sec 4

JCP.I, DPG REGRADED UNCI-ASSIFIED

6 ' orleutacion angle of dellvery vehicle fllght line wlBhthe wind dlrectr.on, rneasured counterclocrcrrse fromdcnrnslnd directLon, (deg)

The parameter value for E glven ln Table 4-23 fox che M4 disperserwas obtained from Ewo fleld trLals conducted ac DPG wlth the M4 nountedin a H-19D helicopter (see Table 4-23).1a1 )

Table 4-23 (U). Dissenl.natlon Ratee observed for the M4 Dl.tpereer .

wtth a 1.5 Inch DLameter Spray Nozzle (U1.(3al

Agenr DLssemlnatlon Rate, n (kg/sec)

csl 1. 08L.26

L.L7

I

Dissemlnatlon results for the lf5 dr.sperser from trr.alsconducted at Edgewood Arsenal are presented in Table 4-24 (as)

Table 4-24 (U), DlseemLnatlon Rates for the M5 Dlsperser (U).(33)

Agent Dl.ssemlnatLon Rate, E (kg/sec)

csl

cs2cs2cs2

1.00

1.361.63L.471.48

A surunary of munltionand dissemtnation rates is

fllL wetghts, dLssenlnation effLcl-encies,given ln TabLe 4-25.

134

Mean

4-24


ffi(5) (u) Eggry--s@, (u).

(a) (u) source geomeEry parameters are normatly required foruse ln the Eransport modela. Horrever, Ehe methods used Eo dlsseml-naLe cs are noE dlreceLy analogous to those Ereated in the ueualtransporE and diffuslon modets. Analyaea of fleld trlaL daBa andeubsequenE lteapon effects analyses whieh have been conduct,ed to dagehave bypaesed modelllng of Ehe source cloud and have nodelled the Erans-port effecEs directly, uslng empirically deLernlned paraneEers.

.(b), (u) Although rhe use of emplrically derermined rransporreffects provides a useful Lnterlm capability'for predicting weaponseffecEs, a broader (more applicable) capabllity nust necessarilybe based on the use of general aerosol and heavy particulate transporEand diffusLon models. It is anticlpated that the use of general modelswill permit more deEailed assessnent. of weapons effecEs in a varietyof target situat,lons and meteorological condltions. The use of=general models will require that future rnunitLons tests and weaponssysEems analyees direct attention to the source cloud dlmensions, theheighE of cloud formaEion, and Ehe inltlal cloud behavior (i.e,, theeffect of Ehe heat, from pyrotechnic dlsseminat{on).

!

4-25

ffi

Tab

Le 4

-25a

(C

).

Sou

rce

Str

engt

h P

aram

eter

s

Pol

rrt/V

olum

e S

ourc

e S

vste

ms

Mun

it,lo

n

for

CS

Mun

ition

s (U

).

Alrb

orne

Dis

sem

lnaE

lon

Ef

f ic

ienc

y,cg

g. g

.)

95%

Con

f.Lde

nce

Inte

rval

-

4.2

inch

mor

tar

cart

ridge

, )i3

,163

0

105

rnm

how

itzer

cart

rldge

, n$

29

L55

nm h

owitz

erca

rtrid

ge,

XM

63L

Laun

cher

, 35

mn

car-

trid

ge,

16 t

ube,

E8

40 n

m C

S c

attr

idge

,xl

t651

, E

lC

anls

ter

cLus

ter,

tact

lcal

CS

XM

165

or C

BU

-I,9

/A

Iirnd

gre

nade

, M

25A

2cs

lcs

2

Han

d gr

enad

e, M

7A3

and

XM

54

r B

ased

on

,1 b

Bas

ed o

n

I

Fou

r X

M9

CS

/pyr

otec

hnlc

canl

ster

s

Fou

r X

M8

CS

/pyr

otec

hnic

cani

ster

sF

our

XltT

CS

/Pyr

otec

hnlc

cani

ster

s

Slx

ty fo

ur E

23 c

arE

rLdg

es

Non

e

Tno

XM

15 c

anis

ter

(E1.

58)

clus

ters

con

taln

ing

ato

taL

of 5

28 X

U16

(B

LU-

391B

.23)

can

lsLe

rs

Non

e

(4 (4 (4

(64

x 0.

403)

L.6

x 0.

333)

L.3

x 0.

758)

3.0

x 0.

G34

)2.

2

0.o4

7

"(4

x 18

3)73

2

r(4

x L5

t)60

4

r(4

x 34

4Lr

376

'1oa

x r

s;96

0

^zL

67 to

73

67 c

o 75

62 E

o 66

64 to

72

N/A

74 to

82

(- o ! -l- C,

1t o v m o n c' m o z o F Q 6 T fi ct

70 7l

x 0.

032

1L -

9(5

28 x

14

7,39

2

0,06

60.

084

0.2L

2

!30

b38

t96

28 r

o 33

36 r

o 40

41 r

o 59

31 38 50

pyro

tech

ntc

fill

cont

atni

ng 4

0"/.

CS

age

nE.

actu

al a

gent

lin p

elle

Elz

ed m

tx.

,l

Age

nt F

ill

l{eig

ht,

W

Sub

mun

ltion

Tab

le 4

'25b

(C

). S

ourc

e S

tren

gth

Par

amet

ers

for

CS

Mun

Ltio

ns (

U).

Con

tinue

d

Pgl

nt S

ourc

e S

vste

ms.

pls

pers

ers

L o T I '(] ! o v m o I (] m o C z o F a g, T m 0

70 to

94

70 to

94

810

+. I N {

Mun

itlon

Dls

pers

er,

skid

-no

unle

d, M

2

Dis

pers

err

por-

tabL

e, M

3

csl

cs2

lllty

MtE

eD

ispe

rser

, M

106

cs1

cs2

Alrb

orne

Dls

senl

natio

n E

ff lc

lenc

y,ga

Q

")

N/A

N/A

t8.2 3.63

4.54

8.34

L0.4

73.

784.

755.

65.

2

82.4

82.4

74.9

95.8

'l

Sub

rrun

iLlo

nA

genE

Flll

l{e

ight

,I.r

Dis

sem

inat

ion

RaE

e.E

(8 s

ec-r

;95

7, C

onfid

ence

Int

er

Sub

mun

Lc,lo

nA

gent

F11

1 W

eigh

Gro

und

Dis

sem

inat

ion

Effi

cien

cyr

e.t

.fl)

95%

Con

fldIn

Eer

vat

5% C

onfld

enc

Inte

rval

fabl

e_!-

25c

(C).

S

ourc

e S

tren

gth

Par

amet

ers

for

CS

Mun

itlon

s (U

). C

ontln

ued

Bul

.k D

ls.p

eJns

ing

Sys

t-em

s

5 I N)

@

Mun

lElo

n

Hel

lcoP

ter

bag,

dls

-pe

nser

, X

M2

Fuz

e an

dbu

rste

r bo

utb

Xil9

2082

and

xlrg

25

Che

nlca

lbo

mb,

BLU

-52

lB

Che

nlca

Lbo

nb,

BLU

-sz

LlB

Che

nlce

l.bo

6, 1

.K20

Che

mlc

albo

$, M

K77

'l

19 C

onpa

rr-

men

to,

each

cont

aln

110

No.

2 K

raf

pape

r ba

gs,

cs2

Ten

8 lb

.ba

gscs

1cs

2

csl

cs2

Slx

8 L

b.cs

1cs

2

Elg

ht 8

lb.

bags

, C

S2

(209

0 x

0.36

)

752

(209

0 x

,0.

16

342 36

.336

.3

118.

0

LL3.

4

21.8

37.L

29,0

18.6

52.2

37.8

8-25

25.5

25,5

50,7

22 t

o3O

to N/A

15 15

33.0

42.8

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

23 to

63

L2 r

.o 4

4

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

10.

1N

/A

Airb

orne

D ls

sem

inat

lon

Effi

clen

cy,

(Va1

Q")

Ope

n T

erra

in

N/A

16.

9

N/A

43.9

N/A

19.

1

22.0

(- o -g t- (,.

! o v m o n c, m (' z o F o a 3 m g

82 46

250

8ro2

327

.9

to 3

6E

o 36

N/A

48 82 64

Tab

Le 4

-25d

' (C

)'

Llne

Sou

rce

Svs

tem

s

sour

ce s

tren

gth

Par

amet

ers

for

cs M

unitl

ons

(u).

con

tinue

d

L o ! t b ! o v FI o v D ct m o C z o t o E l m E,

rBas

ed o

n py

rote

chni

c fil

l co

nEai

ning

40%

CS

age

nt.

Mun

itlon

Sub

mun

iEio

nA

gent

Fi1

1 W

eigh

t,II

Dis

sem

inat

ion

Rat

e,.E

(kg

sec-

r )

Dls

sem

inat

ion

Ef

f ic

ienc

ysa

(%)

(lb)

(ke)

Mea

nC

onfid

ence

nter

val

Dls

pers

er,

hellc

opte

ror

veh

Lcl-e

mtd

.s !

I4cs

1

Dls

pers

er, h

elic

oPte

ror

veh

l-cle

mtd

.l M

5

cs1

cs2

CB

U-3

OA

mun

itLon

Non

e

Non

e

+O

c.o

f"t"

t"ea

ch c

on-

tain

tng

32B

LU-3

9/B

'23

bom

bleE

s

50

a

44 60 (128

00.

032

4L

22.7

a

20.0

27.2

(128

0 x

0.01

4)

L7 .9

L.2

1.0

1.5

N/A

N/A

N/A

78

N/A

74

N/A

N/A E

o82


CHAPTER 5

TRANSFER MODEL AND PARAMETERS

5-1. (U) General (U)

Transfer model parameEers enconpass agent cransporL (alrborne andground conEaninatlon), attenuatLon, and secondary aerosoll.zatLon.The problems of body impact,ion and body pickup, whlch are not, sig-nlficanc for CS, are not diecugsed heretn. Avallable lnformaElon,lncluding field trial data and prevl.ous analysee, has been utl.lizedto selecE models and io determine paraseter values and confidenceintervals where appropriate. To the extent Ehat the weapons systemsperformances for CS systens permit, the general models which arepresented in Volume X of the Source Book have been used for transfermodels. Transport of aerosols and attenuatlon due to washouE arrd'enclosures are exanples of effects which are represented by generalmodels. Most other effects are represented by enplrleal equations-developed specifically for CS systems.

5-2.(C) Transport Model Parameters (U)

The transport model for CS is concerned wich the unattenuatel traveland diffusion of agent from che mtrniElon source to personnel orsurface receptlon points. The three principal modes of Eransportof Lnterest are: lnltlal contaminatlon of craters; airbornetransport of aerosols whlch travel and dlffuse dowrwLnd untll- theybecome too dLffused to be of interest; and the dlrect depositlonof partlcles on the ground and vegeEaEion ln the vlcinity of Ehemunition diesenination and/or imediately downwind.

8o (C) Cr_aEer ContanLnatlon (U).

(1) (C) The craEer contrminaEion parameEbr for CS is concernedwiEh Ehe age+t entrapped in a crat,er atrd presenEing a persistenEthreat by poCeneLal aerosolization from wind or t,roop kickup. Ttrlscondltlon is assocLated lrl.uh alr-deLivered bombs whlch burstupon impact. Llmlted observatLons on the amount of crater contaml-natLon and the slze of the craters rrere reported by Klng, S! al.(z)It was lndl.cated that 20 to 50 percent of agent flLl from BIU-52A/Bbombs,.which were dropped ln forest or jungle envLronmenEs remalnedin the crater. Lt was further observed that on soft Lmpact surfacesapproxlmately 40 percent of the agent remained ln the cr8,ter. Thesize of the crater observed for four Lrlals ls listed in Table 5-1.The average dlmensLons of the seasured craters were 0.83 by 1.75 meters,eLongated Ln the dlrectlon of the bomb travel.

5-1


Table 5-1 (C). CraEer Dlrnensions Observed for Air Delivered TesEs

wiEh BLU-52A/B Bornb (u;.(zl

Trial No.Crater DLmenslon

(m)

1.0 x 1.75

no crater

1x2

0.5 x 1.5

(2) (C) The above data are assumed to be rePresenEatlve ofcraters formed by'the BLU-52A/B' BLv-5218' MK20 and MK77 bombs--all disintegraEe and disseminat,e agent uPon ground impact wlEhouL Ehe

use of explosives. However, the above daga were generated in heavilyvegetaEed terrain and are not apPlicable to oPen Eerrain. Trialswtitr tne BLV-'2A|B, MK2O and MK77 bombs in the oPen terraln at Dugway

Proving Ground Lndicated essentialLy no cratering or crater conEaml-nation. Crater contaminatLon was observed on one BLU-52A/B trLal 8ndwas estlmated to be Less than 5 percent pf lhe agent f11-1.(24).

(3) (c) In addition to the fact that the maselve f111 bombs

create crater hazards (as a by-product of dissemLnaEion), craEersalso are ltkely to result from alrbursting 55 gallon drum bomb

sysEems. This is due Eo the varlabllity ln burst height associatedwith preseng airbursE fuzes which resutts 1n a stgnificant number

of bursts on the ground. King, =g a1(2) report that the fuze systemhas a variability of 35 meters (ffS fr.) about the planned burstheighE. The average nurnber of ground bursts, as well as the disfrl-bution of burst heights lnpLied by this variability, is illustraEedin Figure 5-1 for pieseg bursL heights of 5, 10, and 15 meters. The

graph shows that 45r 40, and 35 Percent,, respectively, of the burstsior these planned burst hetghcs wLll lmpacE on Ehe ground. No data

A2

5-2

bursE on tree onemeEer above forestfloor

bursE on Eree sixmeters above jungLefloor

sofE solL in jungle

firrn soil ln Jungle

(-o!l-c'!ovmonCf:mC,

zoFoLrrfl0

0.6

uE60r{q)

ao

T{oql

!oilq,€uCD

ttutrtt{.{ohuf4F.l.F{

3CUpoHtrr

UrIu)

1.0

0.8

0.4

o.2

Planned b'urst height (m)

5

10

15

00

I

Flgure 5-1 (C).

30.5 61.0 91.5Burst Heighr (n) d

Distribution of Burst HeighEs wlth Alrburst Fuzlng forEhe Xlt920E2, 55 Gal. Drun Bomb Syscen (U).

JCP.I, DPG REGRADED UNCT.ASSIFIED

are currently available on the craters from ground impacE of the 55gallon drum bonb system Ln a foresE or jungle environment, slnce allavailable data are from tesEs in which the bomb system lras deEonatedwhlle suspended aE a fixed height. However, observaEions of testswith the xM925 55 gallon drum bornb system at Dugway provl.ng Ground lnoPen terrain indicate that crater contamLnatlo'n nas not slgnif1cant.(ae1A11 trials were ground bursts.

b. (C) Aerosol Diffusion (U).

(1) (U) Gene.ral (U). The aerosol dlffusion submodels of theCS transport model treaEs travel and diffuslon of three prlncipaltypes of cs aerosol source'clouds. The three types lnclude: tloudsgenerated by stationary burnLng of CS and pyrotechnlc mixtures; cloudsgenerated by randomly movLng (sklttertng) pyrotechnic munltlons, andclouds generated by bLoler or compressed alr dLspersers or by bulk =dispenser systems. The burstlng grenade can be grouped wlth the thlrdtype of source cloud. The first rwo types of clouds w111 require thedeveLopment of new modetlLng conslderations. Hcnever, the thlrd typecan be treated by use of the general gas/aerosol dlffusLon'modeLs andParameters presented ln Volume X. The dtsseminatlon parameter valuesrequlred by the general transport models are discussed ln Chapter 4.

(2) (C) Statlonary pyror,echnlc sources (U).

(a) Statio,nary pyrotechnic CS munitions generate heatedsource clouds requirlng special consideration. However, the cloudsare rmrch smaller than those thac have been studied by investigatorsconcerned with dlffusion of hot effluenLs. In addiCLon, the modelswhLch have been used to date(34rs6r36137) ha.r" been based on limitedobservations and have been sholsn to exhibit, wlde varLations from meanobservations. In view of the uncertaintles in the use of theoreticalmodels, an exEensive sEudy of Eheir applicabillty co CS weapon systemsis required.

(b) A very limited sEudy of the applicabiltty of Hollandtsmodel(36) to ttrro fleld trials of CS munltLons rtas reported byHoll-lngsworth, Rhl.an, and Shavtt.(4) The results tndl.cate thathot effluent, models may be useful if sufficienE plume hetghtmeasuremenEs from CS munitions can be obtained.

(c) Until more daEa for a hot effluent model and pararneteranalysis are available, the empirical approach adop_Eed by the U.S.Arnry, Operatlons Research Group, is iecommended.(25)This approach relies on Ehe general gas/aerosol diffusion model(see Volume X of the Source Book), using parameEer values which have

5-4

JCP-I, DPG REGRADED UNCIASSIFTED

been especialLy selecEed to represent CS sreapons systems. The para6etervalues were deEermined by fiEtlng Ehe model to field trlal obse:rrat,ione;the seleiEed values represenE the best fit between the nodel and thefleld observatLons. The point source model whlch aasumes no lniElalcloud slze was used for Ehe flc. I\so eets of parameter values rreredetermlned: one eppllcable to munitlons contalnlng 20 grarns of cs orless; the other appllcable to munltLons conEainlng 100 granrs of cs ormore. The parameters o.r^; and oz.r were found to be functions of windspeed for the smal1 munttlons. Orily the parameter so , nas found to bewlndspeed dependent for larger f111 munLtLons. VatuES'of the paranerersfor Jungle 8nd forest envLronrnents were obtalned by extrapolating thefltted fteld data to wLnd speeds antlclpated Ln the heavlly vegetatedenvl.ronnents. The fltted wlndspeed dependency of oo,., and or^, andthelr extrapolatLons are lllustrated in Flgure 5-2."Va1ues i6iand 7 nere not obraLned ln operations Research Grouprs fitri*, nl5aE-dures. The values llsted ln Tables 5-2 and 5-3 are based on thq assump-tLon that =

oxrr - 3oyr, (s.1)

which hag been shorsn to be true for diffusion effecEs Ln a neutralenvironment. For heavlly vegetated envlronments, where rrmeanderingrtis prlmarlly responslble for the oy,r par&eter values, it is assuredthaE

oxrr = oyrr

It has further been asgumed that

(5.2 )

't - e (5.3)

which ls based on the validlty of this relaEionshlp for generalmodel parameters.

(d) The weaknesses in estimating the above paraneter valuesresulting frm llnited fteLd data and.extrapolation of emplrlcalrelatlouships are evldent. There is a rreed for detalled study ofthe Cransport process as tC applles to CS nunitions. The pargnetervalueg sumarized in Tables 5-2 and 5-3 represent esElmates cemPor-arl1y usable untll n<ire fleld data and analysls for further valtdatloncan be prorrtded. For small munlulone wtth lor source etrengEh, thepresent technlques for eanpllng and for assaylng collected sampleenay be lnadequaEe to permlt rellable esEimatee of the transport anddiffuslon proceores.

(3) (c) S.kltterlng pvrotechnlc- sources (U).

(a) Certaln pyrotechnlc CS canlsters are designed Eo move

randomly above the ground at varlable helghts as they burn and

5-5

o J,t

r?,

'3. rlt

-J

\"d

o eJ

+(r

lort,s \*

t{ .r{ E.

€ q, q, o an €Ln

t-

lrI O\

r>

(- o .0 J. (,.

! 'o' n m o, v

., o,

:m

':O ' z'- o. F o' o r m 0

0.1 Fig

ure

5 -2

(C

).

10

Diff

uslo

n P

aran

eter

(n)

1.00

'l

Rel

aEio

nshi

p B

etw

een

Win

d S

peed

and

Pyr

oEec

hnlc

CS

ltun

ltion

s (U

).I

Tra

nspo

rt P

aram

eter

s fo

r S

tatio

nary

,l

JCP{, DPG

Table 5-2 (C). Aetosol Dlffusion ParameEersContainlng 20 Grams of CS or

'Values are appllcable Eo all atmosphere

5-7

for Pyrotechnic MuniElonsLess (U1.(zsl

gpe ofTerraln

Wlnd Speed

lo/sec) (mph)

Diffuslon Parameters!

oy,100ru(m)

a oz r20m(m)

Boxr lOh

(n)^l

Open

DeciduousforesE,sulllner

Juugle

1.03.67.2

2

816

0.09 0.20.36 0.8o.72 L.6

0.04 0.10.18 0.40.36 0-8

10.23. 15L.75

7422L2

07

5

007

1354L22

851851851

8s18s18s1

8518s1851

2.280.900. s7

10.44.22.6

L6.26.54.2

,679.679.679

.679

.679

.679

,679.679.679

30.69.485,25

74.O22.7L2.5 -

13s.04L.O22.7

.8s1

.851

.851

.8st,851.851

.851

.851

.85L

r

.Values are appllcable to all aEmosphere stabLlity conditions.

Table 5-3 (C), Aerosol Dlffusion Paraneters for Pyrotecllric MunitionsContalnlng 100 Grams of GS or More (U).r'"r

Tlpe ofTerrain

I{lnd Speed(n/sec) (nph)

Diffusion ParameEersF

oy,100m

(m)a oz, 2Om

(n)I ox,100m

(n)^l

Open

Deciduousfores t,sulnrrler

Jungle

1.03.67,2

28

L6

0.09 0.20.36 0. 8o.72 L.6

0.04 0. 1

0. Lg o.40.36 0.8

9.99.99.9

9,99.99.9

9.99.99.9

.88

.88

.88

.88

.88

.88

.88

.88

.88

8.50.980.33

3003713

90010037

L.54L.54L.54

t.s4L.54L,54

L.s4L.s4L.s4

29.729.729.7

29.729.729.7

29.729.729.7

.88

.88

.88

.88

.88

.gg

.88

.88

.88

stabilicv condiElons.t'


disseminate a hot gas conLainlng CS effluents. ths weapons systemsdistrLbute large numbers of these canLsters over a limlEed area ofthe Earget. Each canlsEer disseminates a small amount of agent. l\vonodelling problems arise wiEh regard to the skltcerLng munLClons.There Ls a hot effluenE source whlch leads to uhe modelllng problemsdLscussed in Ehe precedLng paragraph and there ls a randomlyoriented source cloud with htghly variable dlnenslons. To date, theonly model available to simrlare Ehese munl.tLons .le the ARCHON

model which Ls avallable at Deseret Test Cent"r.lse)

(b) Very llnited data are available on submtnl.Elon Per-formance. Tests were conducted at Edgewood Arsenal ln 1966 utlllzlngthe 849 (XM16 or BLU-30 lSZl1 canLster (subnunlEion of IGl165 orCBU-19/A and CBU-3O/A), E23 cartridge (submunition of E8 Launcher),and M7A3 grenades.(23) Nlne field trials, three for each item,were conducted Eo determlne the area dosage relatlonships producedby each. Average area dosage curves deEeirnined from these- tesEs =are Presenced ln Flgure 5-3.

(c) Fleld trtals have been conducled which measuied Eheresultlng cr:ruulaEive effects fields froa speciflc weapons systems whtchdlspense larg,e nurubers of sklltering canislets in some speclflcmanner.(3) Three such munltJ.ons are the E8 launcher, )G1155(or CBU-L9/A) cantster cLuster, and CBU-3O/A canlster clusterdispenser. The firsc two m.rnltlons release clustere for whlch areacoverage data are arrailable for slngle clusBers. However, EheCBU-3O/A ls designed to release clusters ln rapld succession andgenerate a line source. DaEa on the area coverage of indtvidualclusters are not arralLable. As a resulE, Ehe transport of agenE frornthe CBU-30/A is modelled by treating it as a llne source and usingthe general gas/aerosol equaEion for a line source (as sholsn inVolune X). The disseminaEion paranet,ers requlred for this nodel areglven in Chaprer 4,

(d) The results of an analysis of the dosage area coverageobserved ln field trlals wlth the E8 launcher and Ef58 ()Ot15) canlsEercluster have been reported by Operatlirns Research Group.(as) Th. analyg[swas designed to generate the lndlvtdual area dosage dlstrlbutlon for eachmunLti_on as requLred for lnput to multipLe munl.tlon coverage calculatLons.Smooth contours were ficced to the neasured field dosages and theenclosed. aleas were Ehen subdlvlded by crossrf,lnd lncrements of 2O-meterdistance from the lnitlal impaeE zone. The areas enclosed beEweenEhe upwind edge of Ehe doeage contoura and each croggwind llne werecomputed. The resul-tant dosage sreA coverage relatlonshlps areshown in Flgures 5-4 and 5-5 for the E8 and the E158, respectlvely.The 8158 is essenttally the same cluster as the )OlLsr two of whlchmake up an )o{165 canlster cluster. Scallng factors were derlved lnthe operations Research Group analysls from s661tlona1 fieLd trl'alstn order to permLt adJustnrents ln the dosage area relatlonshtps whtch

5-8

ffi

JCP.I, DPG REGRADED UNCI.ASSIHEq

(correcEed Eo 2.2 mlsec

SI'I{BOL SUBI}TUNITION

L E4g2 8233 M7A3

:

i!

i

I

t

i

.t=iI

I

I

IoE

h.r{ts

00E

oo0ctatto410

Area Coverage, n?

Figure 5-3 (C). Average Area Dosage Curves (U).(2s)

5-9

(- o ! ! b ! o v m o a o m g C z o F o E T m 0

o E h T{

uPl

H oo @ rd o o rl

100

1,00

o

Fig

ure

5-4

(C).

Tot

al D

osag

e A

rea

Inpu

t, E

o C

over

age

I

Are

a C

over

age

(r")

Dis

Erib

uEio

ns T

runc

ated

Mod

els,

E8

taun

cher

, 1.

8

10,0

00

100,

000

at S

elec

ted

Dow

nwin

d D

isE

ance

s fo

rm

/sec

(4

mph

) W

ind

Spe

ed (

U).

1ae)

10,0

00

C. o ! .L'

o, ! o v m o n E'

m o c z o F (t L r m 0

o E t Elo

b0(r

rts

!v ts Ho 00 qt o o o

I

Flg

ure

5 -5

(C

).

Tor

al D

osag

e A

rea

Inpu

t, to

Cbv

erag

e

Are

a C

over

age

(rr)

'l

Dis

Erib

utio

ns T

runc

ated

at

Sel

ecce

dlio

dels

, X

U15

Clu

ster

, 3.

4 n/

sec

(7.6

Dos

rnvi

nd D

ista

nces

' for

mph

) I{

tnd

SP

eed

(U)

. t

zs I

sYl'1

BoL

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I 9 t0

DO

[{N

I{IN

DD

IS.T

AN

CE

.20

n40

n60

n8O

rq10

0 rn

120

rn

140

rn

160

m

180

m20

0 n

9&l_

0

1,00

0

reflect the lnfluence of wJ.nd speed. Wind speeds approprLate tojungle and forest envtronrnents have been uged to extrapolate the oPenterratn data to vegetatt-ve environ[Ents. The dosage scale faccors areListed Ln Tabl-e 5-4.

Table 5-4 (C). Scale Factors for the lGI15 Canlster CluscerIauncher (U1. t rs I

Type of Terrain Wlnd Speed(ryh)

Dosage Scale FactofxM15 (E158) E8

Open

WinEer woods

Sum,er woods, jungle

28

16

o.20.91.6

0.1o.40.8

L. g5

1.000.70

5.402.852.L0

, 7.60' 4.952.85

1.7 s0. 560.11

10.54.L2.L

20.L6.63.7

alhg dosages shown in Flgures .5-4 and 5-5 are multiplied by thisratio Eo adjusE for the condiElons lndLcated.

(e) The above esclmaEes of the EransporE effects associaEedwiEh skiEEering munlt,Lons are accePtable values in vl'ewof Ehe ltrolted daca and analyses perforned to date. There is aneed to obtain sufflcient data to Permlt rnore detal'ledvalidation aod analysis of aEnospheric transPorE of agenc from theekltterlng type of CS munLtLon.

(4) (C) DLspersers and bulk dlspenser eources (U). CloudsgeneraEed by blover or compressed alr or by bulk dtspenser sysEemscan be Ereated by use of the genelal gas/aerosol diffusion nodelsand pararneEers presented in Votume X.

c. (c) Ground Deposl.rton (u). The ground depoeition submodelis concernea wtttr the ground contamlnatlon densltles resulEing frombuLk GS dispenslng sysEeilt. The nost expliclt modele for dealingwlth Ehe depostEion phenomena would be based on diffuston and gravityeffecEs which vary wLEh pa1'tlcle sLze. However, adequate data fordescribing the particle slze dlstrLbutLons frorn bulk dispensingsystems are noE available. Ground deposlEion effects, therefore, are

Dosageand E8

5-L2

ffi


based on emplrical models developed frocr field observatlons of groundcontaminaEion densltles. The simplesE treatment ls an arithmetic orgeometric anreraging of Ehe available observaE,ions. A more strlngenEtreatmenE would lnclude adJustmenE for the non-homogeneLty of Ehearea coverage Pattern Seometry such as a logarithmlc transformationof Ehe raw eampler daca. Ttrls approach is under conslderaEl-on forfuture analyees and/or reanalysls of ground deposltlon area coveragedata. The condltion most favorable for ground contanLnation by CSis ltghE ninds. As a resul-t, almost all of the avallable fieldobservaElons have been conducted durLng perlods of light wlnds. Thus,the data eholr llttle varlatLon with mteorologlcal or terraln cm-dltLons. AvaLlable observsttons for the Xtrl28 ltellcopter bag dLspenser,xu920 and xM925 55 gal.lon drum bomb sysrems, BLU-szlB bomb, BLU-52A/Bbonb. MK2O bomb, and MK77 bomb are p-resente-d ln Tables 5-5 through5-10:(2 r2+r28'28136 'sr)-- rfie-*eJn-r6iaiio"JtiipJ berween contamlndtlondensity and area coverage obtatned for ea,ch munLtLon from these obser-vaEions are shown ln Flgures 5-6 through 5-L2.

Table 5-5 (c).I

Area Coverage for &128, Hellcopter Bag Dispenser,CS2 (U) .(2,?4,

Environment,Area Coverage (nP)

For Indicated ContamLnation DeneL>o.1 >o.5 >1.0 12.0 >s.0 >10.0 >20.0 0

Forest, DTC 68-52T4T5Mean

Open DTC 68-53B1B2B3Mean

5,9684,855

L2!,979

3,3273 -228

3, 1ggL,4334.838

L,6421.611

L,767764

1. 755

85352068-B

36338

66

L,297513961Tzti'

81634s!9J5s1

640fr

230105

!92L67

3,277

3,9672,3326.L96

L1627

2,7391, 1303,L76

7,934 4,L32 3, 196 2,349 L,429

5-13

Table 5-6 (C). Area Coverage forSys terns (U) . ( 2, 2*,


)O'1920 andae, zs )

)0{925 55 Gallon Drum Bomb

-

Envlronment TrialArea Coverage (d)

For IndicaEed Contamlnatton DensLty (S/ne1

xJ.5

608672722

vn

L1649

8661,8281. 143

>1.0 >5.0 >10.0 >15.0 >20.0 >25.O >30 50

4673

L26E

25

377L.1975

500

.007525

02575

-44

)o't920

Jungle CS 1

oPen CSl

Forest CS2

Jungle CS2

Open CS2i

68-52 A1L2A3

Mean

8C761 B11B12

|tean68-52 13

68-52 L4A5A6

Mean

843 A1MA3A4A587

B9RBL2

Mean

DTC

DTC

mc

DPG

DPG

825L.475

2773114L2333

5257756S526

356633

&474

s25525500350350450350s38448

2L923s304253

4256005L2

3s4

236407274306

400250300225275325200275280

35042s387

206

275100200200200100L25150T76

300375E1

250325287

20050

L75150150

7575

100

Irr)u

::

875950875

L,L25800

1,850L,L7 52-Ls6

L r279

Lr22: L22

>o. L >o.5 >1.0 >2.O >5,0 >10.0 >20.0 >50. 0

xM925

Open CS2 DTC 68-53 Clc2c5c6F1E2

llean

Cmbined Mean(onegrlaca)

4,4082,2372,69721362L,674L,235r33

2,L93L,7L41,3801, 150

953922trT

1,5871,4001,056

774608670

1,d'DL,LzL

L,O239407326075034727L3

66856452333529424L437

442

4383764392LO2732{L330

305

27L2303L416823LL57230

200

L46L4620910510s10s136

90

I

s-L4

JCP.I, DPG REGRADED UNGLASSIFIED

F

Tabre 5-7 (c). Area coverage for BLU-52/B Bomb, csl, open Terrain (u).<as)

Trial Dive Angle(degrees)

Area Coverage (mp)For Indicated Contarnlnation DensiEy (e/*1

x.8 >3.1 >15. s

3

4

Mean

5

5

Mean

33

33

18

23

3,320

s.794

3 r557

5,97'L

6.770

6,370

I,349

L.432

1r390

2,93O

3 .395.

3,L62

324

237

280

482

=49s

488

Table 5-B (C). Area Coverage for BLU-52A/B Bomb, CSZ (U).(ztz4)

Env

5-L5

@

ironment TrialArea Coverage (*2)

For Indicated Cont,anination Densiry (S/ura1

>o.1 >o.5 >1.0 >2.O >5.0 >10.0 >20.o >50.0

ForesE

Jungle

Open

DTC 68-52 8

DTC 68-52 Clc2c3c4c5c6

Mean

DTC 68-53 ElE2E3E4E5

Mean

22,6L5L8,677L3,754L4,42216.035

2,O84

6,5991,3803,6623,7334,6723,5913,940

L6,9928,4976,5118,758

11.071

::

LL,2234,3793,8784,3278.757

L1220

::

6,9392,279L,9452,3425.674

691

3,3L43208r.1

L,57L2,26L

64s

316

1,63643

2L31, 109L,4L5

320

L46

199L453

626654L49ffi481

630

3L4L1519s

263L4

a684

0000

L7

40

0000

L,487

3,LL494L398

L,273L-452

789

L,27 5s44105753s0263617, 100 10,358 6,513 3,836 L,424

-_


Table 5-9 (C). Area Coverage for MK20 Bomb' CSI and CS2 (U).(el'ao)

EnvlronrnenE

Open CS1

Open CS2

Area Coverage (nP )For Lndlcated Contamlnatlon Denslty (elre1

>o.1

Table 5-10 (U). Area Coverage for MK77 Bonb' csz (u).Cz+l

>50.0

L67o

84-EA

084

25L2T6363

06358

33s84

502307

3662,0061,338

575s43930679879frE

25L84

L67L67

L67920836199313439L6746LZfd

L67

4L8418L47r.88199115r474-9s3

::

4,2956,6054.L702,4992,4872,9454,3L7

5024L9

1.591

L,7043,0102,258L,O77

94A1,3582,0281,903r,ffi

DPG C84O AI.MA3

Mean

Drc 68-53 D1D2D3*D5D7D9

D10Mean

L0.225

::

L2,83410,4858, 5185,1744,6084,7849,387

3.104

2,7L75, 1843,1151,600L,6722,L202,843

EnvlronmenE TrlalArea Coverage (d)

For IndLcated Concelnation Denstty (elfr)

>o.1 >o.5 >1.0 >2.O >5.0 >10.0 >20.0 >s0.0

Open mc 68-53 A1MA4A5A6

Mean

6,9494,001

L2,L756.402

15. 101

3 rL242,7796,27L2,89L4,65L

2,288L19963,9882,0L32.299

1,661L,4632,446L,532t.233

805680

L,296858460

3033256073L4L26335

198L473L48442

ffi

00

840

2L2LT,!27 3,945 2,497 L,667 820

5-16

@1


100

10

g@

h{J

oaoAco

F{r,qt

EG'IJtroo1.

0.

1,000Area Coverage (F)

Flgure 5-6 (c). Area Dlgtrlbutlon of contamlnetlon Denelty forXll28 Helicoprer Bag Dtaperrr"., cs2 it):a;i.) -

[, Onen Terraln \_\

\


g@

'rL'

otroAaodur!

Etlt,tro(J

O Jungle

A Open Terraln

100Area Goverage (d)

1000

Flgure 5-7 (C). Area Dlstrlbutlon of Contamlnatlon Denslty forXU920 55 Gallon Drum Bomb Syrtem, CSl (U).(a,2e)

1.0

0._10

5-16

JCP.I, DPG REGRADED UNGLASSIFIED

100

o

o )GI920 and XM925

\\\\\

Jungle, XM920

100 1000Area Coverage (d)

Figure 5-8 (C). Area DLstrlbuEion of Cont,aminat,Lon Densicy for

10

t60

hrJotroaFoT{!(utrr{EtE!troQ

1.0

0.L

.)0[920 and lG.t925 5.5. Galtron Drue Systen, CS2;](t]).t",2*,zel

5-19

JGP.I, DPG REGRADED UNGIASSIFTED

100

E60

h9r{q'

oAaot,6cEclIJHoo1.

0.1100

Flgure 5 -9 (C).

1000

Area Coverage (d)10,000

Area Distrlbuclon of CdrEanlnetlon Densl'Ey

for siu-SZlb wd., CSI, ln open Terrain (u)'c3-:>

oA

33o Dlve Angle

18 to 23o Dlve Ang1e \\

t60v1h!rlocoaCIoIJqtFEaut,o I.u

JCP-I, DPG REGRADEO UNCLASSIFIED

Area Dletribution of Contaminat,lon Denslty forBLU-52A/B Bomb, cS2 (u) .C2,24, '-

O Foregt (one trlal)

A Jungle

tr Open Terrain

Figure 5-10 (C).

Eo0

hrJ

c!trEtrol,qtaa([

81.oc)

JGP.I, DPG REGRADED UNCIASSIFIED

Area Correrage (mp )'Figure 5-11 (c). Area DietrlbuEl.on of conramLnaclon Denst.Ey

for MK20 BomL, CSl and CS2 (U).(aetao) -

oA

Open Terratn, CSl

Open Terraln, CS2

\

\

10,000

t@

ht,T{oHc,Ako

+{!,ddE6r,troC)


Area Coverage (d)

Figure 5-12 (U). Area D{strlbutibnfor MK77 Bqb, CS2

of ContamLnaEl-onln Open TerraLn

DensltyG);tzrl

.:

JCP-I, DPG REGRADED UNCTASSIFIED

5-3. (C) Attenuation Parameters (U)

a.(u)ArtenuatlonofCsagentthreatduetowaehoutandencloeures can be estlmaEed by use of the generat nodels sholrn inVol. X. However, the perslstency of ground contanlnatlonof CS as a Eerraln denlal EhleaE-has not been dealC vlth by generalmodels. The Lnfluence of wlnd and preclpltatlon on CS perslEcency Ls

emplrically treaEed belotr.

(1)(U)washout(U).ThewashouteffectgofaErnospherlcpreclpltatton onEErosolg are Ereated ln Vo1' X'

(U) Enclosures (U). t1'e aerosols of dlsseminated CS wlllinEo-ei?Tffi-ai sholrn in the nodels contalned l-n

(2)peneEraEeVol. Xr

(3) (C) Pefststencv (U). The perslstency submodel for bttenuatlonof CS agent transfer effects Ls concerned wlth reduced ground contaminatlondenslttes resultLng -frorn wLnd and preclpltatlon effects. InlElal grourdcontamlnatlon densitles are predl.cted by the use of the models and data sholtntn Chapter 4. The subseguent Crecrease in ground contemLnatlon densltLeswlth tLrre Ls predlcted by the models shown belqr. The resultant contaml-nstion may be used as an lnput to the secondary aerosol rnodels'to predictdcrrrwLnd and traversaL hazards.

b. (C) Flndtngs regardlng persistency rtere reported by Deseret TestCenter(") and Eg].ln Alr Force Base.(31) The analyeie by Eglln Alr ForceBase l.'eol-ates the lnfluence of precl.pltatLon (ln lnches) of one daytsralnfall on the effectlveness of the ground contamlnatLon (taken tobe the ground contaml.natlon density available for aerosoLl.zatlon durlnga traverse). The relatlonshlp determlned ls ehcitn ln Flgure 5-13. Theanalysis by Deseret Test Center comblnes the lnfluences of precl.pLtatlon,moisture absorption from underlayLng surface and the alr' and wlndattenuatton in reducLng the ground contaminstlon svallable for aerosol-lzatLon durLng a traverse.

c. (C) The Eglln Atreffects was based on fteldThe decrease in effecgive

Force Baee analyils of preclpitaElonrria18 wlth Btu-52/B bonbe (csl frll) '

conEim{nation denslty ls given.by

rt=a

(1-Elw, (5.4)

5-24

o ! _r g{!o v

.mti c o C

' t{ o cl.

trl

(t) o o d o f{ r, o o t+{

tr.{ trt

t+.| o o o o Fl

il

One

Day

Ral

nfal

.l (in

ches

)

Fig

ure

5-13

(C

).

Per

cent

of

Csl

Rem

oved

or

Mad

e U

nsui

Eab

leD

ue t

il-as

Sec

onda

ry A

eros

ol

JCP-I, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSIFTED

where rf,a = contanlnation denslty afEer ratnfa1l, glm2

E = loss of effectivenese due Eo one day of rainfall, %

wl - conE^Frnlnatl.on denstty precedlng ralnfall, glll'f

The paraueter values obtalned are represented graphlcally lnFigure 5-13. It ts assuned that the reductl.on ln GS2 contaninatlondensl.tl.es would not exceed the reductLon obgerved for CSl. Althougha reductlon Ln effectlvenees 1g observed lnrcdlately after theoccurrence of preclpltation, afEer the area hee drled out EheeffecElveneeg of CS barrlers nay return to near the effect,LvenessleveL obtained prlor to the'preclplcaELon. Thle effecE was noEedln several trials reported by Deseret Test Center(2, and ln vehlcledenial trlals reported by Edganood Arsenal.(ae)

d. (C) The perstatence of CS2 was observed by Deseret Test =Center ln fteld trtals erlth three bulk dlapenslng systems.(a) Thelnttlal contamlnatLon densltles achteved ln barrier zones rrere measured.On succeedlng days, atterpts were made to traverse the contarnlnatedbarrLer zoneg. The atrborne concentratlon rrktcked up" durlng atraversal was meaaured, and an exponentlal decay congtant was deter-mined for the change ln alrborne concentratton ae a functlon of tlmefollowlng lntitlal contamlnatfbn. The cause of th18 observed decayls attrlbuted dl-rectly to cthnles in the ground iontamlnatlon densltyavallable for aerogollzatlon by traverae or trkick-uptr. The analyslsLndLcated that the decay constant varied from trlal to trlal but thatthe values could be related to dlfferencea Ln terrain and lnltialconiaurrn'itibii density. rh.e decby congtbnes Cnd ktckirp fbctore calcu-lated for each Erlal and the type of terraln and lnltlal cont,anlnatlondensity agsoclated wlth the trlal are lleted tn Table 5-11. Therelatlonehlp between deeay constant and lnltlal contanlnaEton densityls lllustrated ln Ftgure 5-14 for four typee of terraln. Llnes of bestfit (ehown ln Fl.g, 5-14) were deterrolned subJectlvely and yteldeddecay consEanBs of the followlng form:

logd=d-0.0045wo

d = decay constant, per daywhere

a - Eerratn decay paratreter, dlmensLosless

wo - lnltlal eontamlnatlon denslty, g/d

Terratn decay paraneters are llsted ln Table 5-L2.

5-26

JCP{, DPG REGRADED UNGLASSIFIED

Table 5-11 (C). Trarrersal Results (U).(zl

Terraln/Plot NtnnberContanlnaElon

DenslEy(s/re 1

ConcentraEionDecay Rate

(day-r 1

Alrcs2

KickupFacEor

(n-1)

Fores E/P-13

Fores t/P-14

Fores r/P - 15

Forest/P-13A

Jungle/P-1

Jungle/P-2

Jungle-P-4

Jungle/P-3

TalL Grass/CP-t

Tall GrassleP-Z

warer/P-16

waterlP-L7

warer/P-18

1

5

54

150

6

30

75

150

6

30

6

30

150

EeElmate

0.31

0.19

0.06

1.88

L.25

1,09

0.16

EstlmaEe

6. 5s

No

2.3

3.1

0.5

0.0030

0.0020

0.0007

0.0001

b. ooozo

0.00007

0.00006

0.00004

0.00130

0.00134

0.0005

0.0004

0.0002

fhqtaIJqtgr0Ho

c.)

xqt(J

E(dr{t,aoaoAxtrl

JCP.I, DPG REGRADED UNCI-ASSIFIED

1.0

0.1

0.075 100 L25

fnlttel Gontrnlnrtlon Drrrtty (g/n3)

Note: The curve for the grass ncs extrtpolated uslng thesLngLe avallable decay estlmaEe for 30 g/mz,

Flgure 5-14 (C). Exponentlal Decay Constant, vs Inltlal ContanlnatlonDenelcy for CS2 ConEarnlnated lnvlronmntr (U1.(al I

5-2E


Table 5-12 (C). Terrain Decay Parameters (1.og d = a - 0.0045 wo)(U).(z)

Type of Terrain Decay Parameters a

ForestJungleOpenGrassWater

T.3980 .301T.3980.954o.49s

0n1y one Eria1 was available to estimaEe parameter_a for open EerrainHowever, since the decay constant, obtained fell very close to chefiE line (Figure 5-14) for forest terrain, the forest parareter"i!w€sassumed t,o be applicable to open terraLn. Baeed on Ehe Deseret TesECenEer analysis, a model of contamlnation density related to aerosoli-zaEion by traverse Ls:

w = woB-dE (5.6)

where w = ssnlaminaElon denslty related to aerosollzationby traverse, gffr

= initlaL contamlnation denslty, g/*

= decay constanE, per day

t - elapsed time from iniEial conEaminatlon, days

The above model is for persistence effects with CS2. . Based onLlniEed eomparison trlals of tine to barrler penetraEion wlthidentlcal, CSl and CS2 contamlnation denslEies, CS2 persistency lsdouble Ehar of csl.

5-4. (C) Secondary Aerosol Parameters (U)

a. (U) The secondary aeroeol. models are concerned wlth thequantity of snall partlcles on the ground, or vegetationr. or onother exposed surfaces which is klcked up and aerosolLzed by personnel,vehicles, and wind.

b. (C) The concentratlon at respiratory Leve1 whlch is kickedup by personnel walktng ovei terrain contamLnated wtth CS2 1s:(2)

C=kw

wo

d

5-29

(r-.7)

JCPJ, DPG REGRADED UNCT.ASSIFIED

C = concentraElon of agent aE respiraEory level, mg/sF

w = ground contaminaElon density, nrg/rP

k = kickup factor, Llm

where

logk=al+btw

where sr = p€rsonnel kickup paraneter

br = personnel klckup paraneter, frlW

(s.8)

The ground contaminaEion'densttsy ls given by the perslstencyEquaEion (5.6).

c. (C) The personnel klckup paraneters ar and br are given lnTable 5-13 for five types of terrain. These klckup parameter valueswere derived frm DesereE TesE Center Test CLIFF ROSE (U) dat8.(2)Although Ehese observations were l{nlted, the values represent thebesE esEinaces presently avallable.

Table 5-13 (C). Personnel Kickup Factors for Ground Contamlnation wiEhCS2 (1og k - at + btw) (U).tat

Type of Terrain brat

Forest

JungleOpen

Grass

Water

3.398

T.ztt3.3983,050

T.ogg

-9.3x10-e

-6. 9x10-e

-9 .3x10-ec.o

-4.6x10-s

d. (C) A model of secondary aerosols generated by vehlcles isnoE avallabLe due Lo lack of sufficlent data. However, in a recentEest, iE was observed thaE an lnltial road conEaml.nat,l-on densiEy of30 g/ffi was successfuL ln prevent,lng urunasked personnel from drivingdown a road in a convoy.mlssion for a perlod of seven days after con-tamination when the road \f,as contrmlneted for et leeat one thlrd of rmile.(3e) The average two mlnute concentrltlon obrcrved ln thc cebof trucks driven ovet the road varled from 5.1 rng/ms a few houreafter contaminatlon to 0.2 mg/ms flve daye later. It waa notedduring these teste thaE kickup by vehlcles nas negllglble followlngralnfall; however, the klckup became an effcctive dcterrent glto

daye afEer the raln. More obeervatl-ong ere requLrad to formulate a

relationship between conctmlnatlon denalty and vchlcle klckup.s-30

JCP-I, DPG REGRADED UNCI.ASSIFIED

5-5. (C) Terraln Denlal Model (U)

Because terrain denial is agent CS oriented iE has not, been dealtwtth by the general models of Volume X. Horf,ever, a EerraLn denialmodel has been developed at Deseret TesE Center which assesses theeffectivenesg of a barrier ln terns of lcs abillry to deny some per-centage of personnel for various lengths of tlne after the barrler Lslaid down. Ttrts model is especially useful for aesesslng theeffectLveness of munitions for Eerrain denlal purposes. Parametervalues required for input Eo thls model include the response daEapresented in Flgures 3-4 and 3-5, initlal ground contem{natlondensitl.es of chapter 4, alming errors of Ghapter 6 and the persls-tency and secondary aerosol parameEers presented above. A detalleddescrLption of Ehe terraln denial nodel is presented Ln Deseret TesECenter Test 68-52 Final ReporEr(2) and a llsuing of the computerproBram is available from Deseret Test Center, ATTN: STEPD-TT-JP,on requesE. - =

5-6. (U) Inpactton (U)

8o (u) Parclcles alrborne from c8 munlElona lmpact on. the eyesof unproEecEed peraonnel Ln the dolrnwlnd Prt,h of Ehe agent cloud.fhe ocular effects are known to be dependent on Ehe alze of thepartlclea to wl1lch the eyes ere expoaed. Slnllarly, Ehe lmpacEioneffLcLency of the GS parrtcles !e dependenE on partlcle elze.

b. (U) A eheoretical model for rePresenEing the impaction of CS

partlclee Ln the hunan eye ere noE avaLlable, nor ere sultabledata avaiLable for descrlbing Ehe relationshlp enplricaLly. Consequently'Ehe effeet of CS lnpacE{on on the eye cannot be evaluated at'thia Etme.

5-7. (u) Body PlckuP (U)

Body ptckup of cs does not congtltute a elgnlflcanE mllitaryhazard. Mlnor skln lrrltatlong may reeult frgm exPoaure to CS

(e.g., I man crawllng through or contacelng CS contamlnatedterrain or vegetatfott;. The emount, of agent Ptcked up l-e lncr3Sgedwhen the Contanlilted eurface !a moLst tt tiue of contact, orntren skln and/or clothLng la moleE at tlme of conEact wlth Ehe

contamlntted surface. Alao, naaked perronnel crawllng throughCS2 conEamLnated areas (fn ifela Leers) have pLcked up gufflcLentamountg of agent on thelr skln and clothLng Eo clu8e eye 'and I

reaplratory lrrttar,ion to themgelvee and others, after renovlng,ari." tn an encloeed area sor' hours later. However, Ehe overalleffect of cs plckup is consldered non-casualt'y producing.

5-3 1

JCP-I, DPG REGRADED UNCI,ASSIFIED

CHAPTER 6

DELWERY MODETS A}ID PARAMEf,ERS

6-1. (C) General (U)

Baslc deLivery models and lnformatlon required for asse'ssingEargeE coverage are discussed ln Vol. X. AvallableLnformaEion on delivery capabillty, type of source distribution,delivery range, standard deviatlpn of delivery error in range and'deflecEion, and rellabillty of funcEionlng is sumrarized for CS

muniElons in Table 6-1. InformaeLon on delivery capabilicy for U.S.Arny syscems Ls based on varLous sources of informaEion(2tt4ot41'42)ifor the U.S. Air Force systems on reports by Air Force SysLemsconnnand(31'4s); and for u.s. Nary systems, on information furnishedby Deseret TesL Center.(a4)

6-2. (C) Delivery Parameters, (U)

a. (C) Deliverv erFors (U).

. (1) (C) ceneral, (U). The delivery paraneters associated lriththe wide range of weapons aystems included Ln Table 6-1 have beentreated in various nays. Aircraft dellvery errors for clusEers andboobs are represented by the error betseen the angle formed by thereleased ruunition traJectory and the aim EraJectory. Ttris anglels a random varl,able wlth Ehe property thaC the dlsCrlbution ofinEersectlons by mrnltlon erajecEories on a plane perpendlcular toEhe aim trajectory Ls clrcular norroal. Itrls dlscrlbution of lnEer-secEions is specifted by the probable clrcular error angle (CEA)and the atm traJectory. The CEA ls fhe angle betrween the aimtraJectory and thoee mtrnitlon trajectorlee which form a ctrcle ona plane perpendLcular to the eLm traJectory, such that 5O percencof the mtrnl.E,lon Erajectorlee lnEersect wlchtn the"clrcle. Representaclve dellvery errora for arcillery munltlons areglven for stated flrlng ranges Lased on U.S. Army rllld Manual 6-L4L,(42)Dellvery errora for the E8 launcher ttere taken from fteld ErialobeervaElons.(rz) Dellvery errors for small arms, hand grenades andrioE conErol mlnltlona are not available, but are presumed tobe strall and not htghly elgntflcant Ln determlnlng weapons effect,s.Dellvery errors for line source munitions, such as Ehe CBU-30/A, havenot been treated since error's associaEed wlth this form of deliveryhsrse noE been neasured.

(2, (c) Btu-s2A/B boob (u).

(a) An estimate of the CEA of 36 mLls for che BLU-52A/B bonb

5-1

ffi

Tab

le 6

-1 (

C).

D

ellv

ery

Mod

el P

aran

eter

s (U

).

tion

Par

amet

ers

Del

iver

y C

apab

iLity

Typ

e of

Sou

rce

Dls

trlb

utlo

nM

uniti

on

XM

54 g

rena

deal

so M

7A3

M25

A2

gren

ade

40 m

car

trid

gexu

651

50 r

m r

iot

cont

rol

cart

ridge

, F

.24

55 g

al.

drun

bon

bsy

stem

, X

l,l92

0

Hel

lcop

cer

bag

disp

eree

r, X

U28

Dis

pers

er,

skid

mou

nEed

, !1

2

Dle

pers

err

PoE

-ca

ble,

M3

Rel

tabl

1lty

Fun

ctlo

nlng

Han

d E

hrol

vn o

r la

unch

ed b

Y

)s{3

x}t1

59IA

U.3

A/A

Iland

thr

otrn

I td

l}{79

laun

cher

han

dlo

aded

, sl

ngLe

sho

t

Flre

d fr

om h

and

flare

pis

tol

!f/9

laun

cher

30 b

onbs

/G*t

-47A

10 b

age

per

each

of

1.9

cmpa

rtm

ents

Cm

part

nent

s ar

e oP

ened

slm

rltan

eous

ly o

r Ln

Eim

d ee

quen

ceD

lspe

rser

/w-f

18.2

kg

(40

lb)

csl

dlsp

erse

d by

.500

0 cf

nbl

oser

In

3 nl

n.

CS

l-die

pers

ed a

t dl

scha

rge

pres

sure

of

40t

10 P

sl b

Ydl

sper

ser

gun;

flre

dura

Elo

n le

19

sec.

Blv

arla

te n

orm

al(a

tnin

g) o

f re

c-ta

ngul

ar u

nifo

rmra

ndm

Btv

arta

te n

orm

al.

Blv

arla

te n

orm

al

Biv

arla

te n

orm

al-

Blv

ar1a

te n

o:rm

al

Bl-v

aria

te n

orna

ldl

strlb

utlo

n of

clrc

ular

nor

mal

dlst

flbut

l.on,

o"-

40n

(slru

ltane

ous

rel.e

age

of c

om-

part

mnt

s)

Flx

ed p

oint

Flx

ed p

olnt

(s)

.035

(han

d)

.L2

.05

.375

.375

.006

.0L2

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

}IA

NA

NA

l{A

q\ I N

L o ! I C,. ! o v m o v o rn g c z o F a g, ! m 0

lLA I{A

Mun

lElo

nD

ellv

ery

Cap

ablll

tyT

ype

of S

ourc

eD

letr

Lbut

lon

Dis

trlb

utio

n P

arm

eter

eR

e11a

b111

tyF

'unc

tl-on

l-ns

Ran

gekn

orm

eter

sod

met

erg

Dls

pers

er h

ellc

op-

Eer

or

vehi

cle

noun

ted,

!14

Dls

pers

er,

helc

op-

ter

or v

ehlc

lero

unte

d, i

l5

Mtty

-illte

por

tabl

edi

sper

ser,

1,t1

06

Uou

nted

ln c

argo

dep

artn

ent

of h

ellc

opte

r H

-1.9

or

larg

er o

r on

veh

icle

Dls

char

ge p

ress

ure

is 4

S5

pst

T)u

raE

lon

of f

ire

is 1

nin

Dts

char

ged

at 4

5 to

55

psl

for

up to

1 m

Ln.

Car

rled

by H

19,

II21'

H3t

-:-&

HU

- L

he !

i,c_

o_p_

!g 1

s _a

nd.

var

1

ous

grou

nd v

ehic

les

Dls

char

gee

I lb

s C

SI

at45

0 cf

n ln

4 t

o 5

rnln

Llne

or

fixed

poin

ts

Line

or

fixed

poln

tg

Llne

or

fixei

dpo

lnts

NA

}IA .o

lz

}I,A }IA

NA

ILA

NA

NA

NA

l{A I'lA

4.2

inch

mor

tar

105

m h

owltz

er

'lI

4 ca

nisE

ers

(XM

9) P

erca

rtrid

ge ()

0'{6

30)

10 c

arrr

idge

per

tube

firsE

30

sec.

50 c

artr

idge

per

tub

efir

sE 4

min

.80

car

trid

ge p

er tu

befir

st

L0 n

in.

1.05

car

trid

ge p

er t

ube

firsE

L5

min

.

cani

ster

s (&

f8)

per

carE

ridge

(X

il629

)ca

lctr

idge

per

min

.fir

sE 3

min

.ca

rtrld

ge p

er n

ln.

sust

alne

d

10

lvar

iaE

e no

rmaL

lstr

lbut

ion

(ain

-ng

)' of

circ

uLar

,orm

al d

isE

rlbut

lo,f

4 ca

nist

ersb

ivar

iaLe

nor

nal

isE

rlbut

ion

(ain

-ng

)r o

f ci

rcul

aror

maL

dis

trib

utio

f 4

canl

ster

sb

844

(min

)

5.48

s(m

ax)

5

L0

NA 36 28

NA 4 t0

0.95

0. 9

5

Tab

Le 6

-1 (

C).

D

ellv

ery

Mod

el P

aram

eter

s (U

).

Con

tinue

d

H

L o ! I b ! o n m o n o rfl o C z o F a a 3 fa c'

See

foot

note

s at

end

of

tabl

e.

Mun

itlon

Del

iver

y C

apab

lllty

Typ

e of

Sou

rce

Dls

trtb

uLlo

n

Dis

trlb

utlo

n P

aran

e te

rsR

elia

btl.

i ry

Fun

ctlo

nlng

Ran

gekn

orm

eter

so6

meE

erB

155

rm h

oritz

er

Can

lsE

er c

lusE

er,

Xn1

65 o

r C

BU

-l9/A

5 ca

nlst

ers

(X11

7) p

erca

rtrld

ge (

XI{

631)

4 ca

rtrld

ge p

er m

ln.

firet

3

mln

.1

cart

ridge

per

mln

.su

s-l_

aine

d

2 su

bclu

ster

s ()

O11

5) p

erru

165

clus

ter

2 cl

uste

rs/0

-1A

nird

Dog

1 cl

uste

r/W

-fr

lroqu

ols

6 cl

usre

rslr-

Zg

15 c

Lusr

ers/

Aln

8 cl

uste

rsll-

20

Biv

arla

te n

orm

aldl

strlb

utlo

n (a

ln-

ing)

. of

clrc

ular

norm

al d

iscr

lbut

lon

of 5

can

lste

rsb

Sub

clus

te.s

()O

fls;

sepa

rate

d by

ave

rage

of 2

L.8m

. S

epar

atio

nLl

ne h

as r

andm

orl-

enta

Elo

n. M

ldpo

lnt

of s

epar

atio

n lln

eha

s bl

varia

te n

orm

al.

dlst

rlbut

ion

(o'o

6)ab

out

aim

ine

Doi

nt.

10 15

Rel

ease

heie

ht

58 83

Div

ean

sle

o6

4 10 or

0.95

0.94

for

XM

l50.

97 f

orxM

t6t0

00 fr

1000

fE

2000

fE

2000

fr

300

100

300

81 L9 L62

38

38 930 76

Can

iste

r cl

uste

rdi

spen

ser,

CB

U-

30/A

canl

ster

clu

eLer

s pe

rdi

spen

ser

cani

ster

s, (

XM

16)

per

cl.u

ster

. C

lust

ers

re-

leas

ed ln

flxe

d E

irne

inte

rval

s of

0.L

, O

.2,

0.3,

0.4

, or

0.5

sec

.6

disp

ense

rs/tr

'-I00

5 di

spen

sers

/l'-1

.05

22 d

lape

nser

s/F

-4c

4 di

spen

sere

/t-28

11 d

lspe

nser

s/A

LE8

disp

ense

tsls

-26

32

Line

of

skiE

Eer

ing

poin

tsN

ear

leve

1 re

leas

e10

0-50

0 fE

del

iver

yal

tltud

e

97 p

erce

nEaE

90

per-

cent

con

fi-de

nce

leve

1

Tab

le 6

-1 (

C).

DeL

iver

y M

odel

Par

met

ers

(U).

'l

L. o, I, EI: ! o, v m o v E,

m o c z o F a a tr m o

,[tuu

tooa

note

s at

end

of

\abl

e.

Mun

itlon

DeL

iver

y C

apab

illty

Typ

e of

Sou

rce

Dls

trlb

utio

n

Dis

trlb

utlo

n Par

afl

terg

Rel

labt

llty

Fun

cEio

nlng

Rel

ease

lDtv

E-

hetg

ht la

ngte

o60t

Che

mic

aL b

omb,

BLU

-52A

/B o

rB

LU-5

21y-

6 bo

nbs/

f-l0

S4

bonb

s/f4

C8

bonb

e/A

26A

Circ

ular

nor

mal

(CE

A-3

6 ni

lsab

out ax

ls fr

omre

leae

e po

lnt

toai

n po

int)

R.e

leas

ehe

lcht

Dlv

ean

qle

o6or

1.0

1000

fr10

00 fr

2000

fr20

00 fr

10rJ

300

100

3oo

t1 11 22 22

63 22 L26

ILIL

Bor

nb,

MK

20

Bom

b, M

K77

L2 18 810

born

bg/A

-4E

bonb

s/F

-48

bonb

s/A

-4tr

bom

bs/I'

-44

Blv

aria

Ee

Circ

ular

nor

mal

(CnA

= 1

0 nt

lsab

out,

axis

frm

rele

ase

poln

t U

oal

nlns

pol

nt)

1000

fc10

00 fc

2000

fE

2000

fr10

00 fr

1000

fr20

00 fr

2000

ft

1oo

3oo

100

300

100

3oo

100

300

11 11.

22 22 26I

52 18

63 22 L26

44 150 18

300 36

1.0

1.0

L o ! .L o ! o v rfl o a o m o c z o F o C

T, T rT o

fi'

Tab

le 6

-1(C

). D

eliv

ery

Mod

el P

aran

eter

s (U

).

Con

Ein

ued

'rrN

on-n

ucle

ar E

nplo

ynen

t of

Fle

ld A

rtill

ery

Wea

pons

Sys

Eem

s (U

)r"

FM

6-1

41-1

.D

epar

tmen

t of

the

Arn

y, W

ashi

ngfo

D,

D.C

., S

ep!.

L964

. C

ON

FID

EM

IAL.

b C

ircul

ar n

orm

al d

lstr

lbut

ion

for

shel

.l ca

nlst

ers

ls s

ugge

sted

but

dat

a fo

r pa

ram

eter

estim

ates

are

not

arr

aila

ble.

JCPJ, DPG REGRADED UNCI..ASSIFIED

was derived fron trials with various atrcraft over open EerraLn, andwas consldered to relate favorably to estimates of 26 nl1s for theheavler BLU-IC/B flre bomb reieased by htgh performance aircraft.(2)Observations with T-28 aircraft produced an estimated ground levelclrcular errot probable (CEP) of 20 to 30 neters at a release heightof 11300 feet above terrain, 30 degree dlve angle and 250 knots,lndlcated alr speed (IAS). fhe CEP ts equal to Ehe radius of rhecLrcle which contains 50 percenE of the munltlon funpact points.Informal estimates furnlshed by U.S. Air Force (extrapolated fromBLU-IC/B trtals) lndlcated a ground'level CEP of 30 nerers at arelease hetght of 1,500 feet, 30 degree dlve angle and 450 knors IAS;a1so, 41 neters at 21000 feet, 30 degree dlve angle, and 500 knoEs IAS.

(b) The classlcal derivation of the CEP ut,tlizes a circularsection of a plane perpendlcular to the fllght llne of the bomb. Thesectton, when projected on the ground, forms an elliptlcal shape,elongaced ln the dlrection of range. Itre pattern of ground lnpactsfor which error estimates are deaired ls described as elllpelcal,produclng a larger error ln range Ehan ln defl.ectlon. The bestbulk CS coverage by BLU-52/S bonbs with hlgh performance alrcraft,was obtalned wl.ch a dive angle of 15 to 2O degreea. A geooetricalapproximation was formtrlated co provide estlmallons of o6 and o.(the standard deviat,ions of dellvery error in range and ileflectlon)brackeClng Ehls r:urge of dive angles for release helghcs of 11000and 2,000 feet (Table 6-1). ltrls foruulatLon ls presented lnFigure 6-1. Estl.maces of the delLvery errors for the BLU-52A/B areshowrr in Table 6-2. As lndlcated by Flgure 6-1, the bornb Ls assumedco take the same paEh as the alreraftrs llne of atEaek and Ehus wouldproduce a large or as compared wlth o6. As che actual balllaricEraJectory of the bomb approaches a perpendlcular llne of fllght,oa w111 approach the values given for or. The estlnates dertved forTable 6-2 conform to Ehose provlded frot ttre U.S. Air Force trials.(a)

(3) (C) Deliverv errors for other lqrnttlons (U).

(a) CEA valtres have been estlmated for alrcrafE deliveryof the MK77 bonb and the CBU-l9/A canLster clusEer. A CEA of 10 srilsfor the MK77 bomb results ln the r4qge and deftection delivery errorapresenred in Table.6-3. A cEA of 31 mlle for the CBU-19|N+s) wasobserved in recenE fleld Eri.als. Range and deflectlon errors based onthese esELmaEes are shown 1n iable 6-4. Dellvery errors for Ehe MK20bornb whlch weighs approxlmately'114 kllograns (250 lb.)' 45 kllogramsless than the BLU-52 bombs, are assumed Eo be slnlLar to Ehe BLU-52.

6-6


\\-- s .036 radlanT_

(fr. ) \:;D)(n)

d(n)

Legend

H - release altitude, ft

P - pol.nts of release

A - angle of release. 4. = A, = A is aegumed for cal.culaclons.

D - Eravel distance of bomb, ft

B - rlght angle, as constructed

D = H/sln A

d = .305 D Ean .036 = '011- H. metersslnA-

= d/eln A

= d|.674

= r1.674

Flgure 6-1 (U). Probable Bomb Inpact Area from Aircraft Delivery (U).

r

o.oor

6-7


Table 6-2 (C). Delivery35 MIls

Errors for BLU-52A/B Based on a CEA of(v).cz)

HRelease Hetght (ft)

troDlve Angle (o)

D

Travel Dlstance (ft) o6 (n)' o" (n)

1,00o1,0002,0002,000

1003oo100300

5,7502,000

11,5004,000

9333

18665

52L65

1,042131

a,o.o

b-ur

Table 6-3

- Standard deviaticin of delivery error ln deflecclon.- SEandard devlatlon of delivery error ln range.

(C). Delivery Errors for the MK77 Bonb Based on a CEA of10 ulle (U) .(rs I

Table 6-4 (C). DellveryBased on

Errors for Ehe CBU-l9/A CanisEer Clustera cEA of 31 Mils (U).(ts)

(b) The standard errors Ln range (or) and deflectlon (o6)for the EB tube launcher were estimated from Ehe field trial datapresented ln Table 6-5. OEher delivery error esEimaEes were Eakenfrom standard firlng tables.

Release Helght (fE) Dlve Angle (o) Travel Distance (ft) o6 (m) r(n

1,0001,0002,0002,000

100300100300

5,7502,000

11,5004,000

269

5218

15018

30036

Release Hetght (fc) Dlve Angle (o) Travel Distance (ft) o4 (n) o, (n)

1,0o01,0002,0002,0o0

1003oo1003oo

5,7502,000

11,5004,000

8119

L6238

46538

93076


Table 6-5 (C). EstLmation of the Range and_DeflecEion Errors forLhe E8 Tube Launcher (U).(re)

Trial No. o6r Deflection Error (m)

8C601 B-123456789

Mean

907" ConfidenceInterval

22.O2.4o.4

46.O?6.O25.423.920.o6.7

19.2

LO.3 Eo 24.4

b. (C) DistrLbution of Subnunitions (U)-

(1) (C) the dlstrlbution of bags dispensed by the F{28sysEem is assgued Co be bivariate normal about the aiming poinf.The system is capable of producing a sErlp of coverage 7O to 100

mecers wide.(a) It is assumed that this etrlp represents the widEhwLthln whlch 95 percent of Ehe released bags w111 lmpact'. Based onthis assuryEl.on, the bags w111 have a circular normat dlstrlbuClonabout theLr alming point wlth a circular sEandard devlatlon of40 meEers.

(2) (C) Mequate data for deflning dosage-area reletionshipsare available for the E158 (also ru15) for whleh an emplrical trans-porE model has been developed. However, the mrnitl'on of 'Lnterest isit" )OlfSS (8159) or CBU-197A consisting of two E158rs. The 8158'sare lashed cogether and are separated after release from the aircraftTo use the Eransport nodel for:'the XlI165, t!" overlaPPlng coveragepararneEers of thl unit effects for two E158ls must be defined as a

combLned effec!. l\aro drops of the XM165 (E159) were observed atDugway Provlng Ground and the coordinates of the center of imPacE

of-each 8158 were recorded.(ae) The lupacE coordinates are shown

in Table 6-6.

6-9

ffi

o* Range Error (n)

24.313.36.2

48.025.66,4

L2.3L2.31.8

L6.7

L0.2 to 24.3

JCp-t, Dpc REGRADED UNCLASS|F|ED

Table 6-6 (c). Locatlons of CentersClusters Observed lnCLusters (U).(45)

of fnpact for E158 CanlsterFleld TesE Drops of E159

Trial No.

Left ClueterCenter ofImpact (n)

x v

Right CLusterCenter of

Inpacc (m)

x v

Separaclon(n)

OrlentaElonof SeparaELonAxis wLch ALr-Crafc Headtng

(degrees)

6

7

2s -407

-329 519

4L

-339

Meen

-421

499

2L.2

22.4

21.8

27

-49

(3) (U) The concencratlon time crl.terLon requlree thaE EheconcentraEion hlstory be examlned aE relevanc points downwlnd of themrnl.tlon dellvery polnts. Thts can be done by use of che diffuslonequations for concenEraEion and an orretlay program whlch cooPuEesrthe nultlple nunition concentratton history beyond a glven polnt. Onecomputer program whlch acconpll.shes Ehis sltrulaclon for a varlety ofmultiple soulces Ls rhe SMART progran. Thls program Ls an extenslonof the principles util.lzed tn TECII/fnACf.(le) A ltstlng of Ehe SIIARTprogram is avallable froa Deseret, TesE Center upon request.

(4) (U) The partlal dosage crlterLon requlres that the dosageachieved within any 5 minute lnterval be known. If Ehe total dosagels achleved within five mlnutes, any of the aval-lable coverage modelsmay be used to obEain the desl.red nultlple nunltlon effecte fteld.Thls is generaLly the case when the munltlons Lmpact wlEhln an areaof a few hectares. For ln8tance, the alongwLnd'dimenslon of thelmpaet zone (meters) dlvlded by the wlnd speed (meters per mlnuEe)must be lese than fl.ve mlnutes. If thls crLEerlon ls not met' orif lt ls known EhaE ghe doeage le not achteved wlthln flve minutesat dlscances downwlnd of the lmpact zone, specLal comPutaElons arerequlred for. testlng the 5 mlnuce dosage htetory. The TECH/TRACEprogran le progrr'rmed tomake thle conpuEatlon although Ehe computedval-ue is noE retalned for output in the Present Progran. . Baeed onEhe semi-l.nflnl.te correrage model, a speclal program la being preparedby the U.S. Armlr'OperaEione Research Group ln supporE ofweapons effecEs calculations for the Jolnt Munitlons EffecEivenessManual.

6-10

JCP.I, DPG REGRADED UNCIASSIFIED

CHAPTER 7

DEFENSE MODET AND PARAI\{ETERS

7;1. (u) General (u)

The defensLve model is one of the vulnerablllty nodels designed Eooperace on Ehe agenE threaE deflned by the source, Eransfer anddelivery models. The CS defensive model requlres detectLon, proEecEion,and decontaminatlon parameEers. Table 2-3 l1sEs avallable masks, hoods,and deconeaminants usefu!. ln defense agalnst agent CS.

7-2. (C) DeEecEion (U)

Llttle information has been obtained Eo permit asseasnent of cheprobabllity of detecEion of agenE cs by various neens and its thpicton the evaluation of weapons effectlveness. Ilowever, there are aottl€qualt-tative observaEions which are pertinent. IE is probable.thaEcerEain CS nunitlons (e.9., 55 gallon drum, XM16, and paper bags)are sufficlently distlnctive to be detected and ldenElfied visuallyby ehe expertenced soldier during delivery and functLonlng, and laEerby Ehe characteristLc pepp'gry effect of CS. The earLy agenEeffects, lf nlld, ml.ght provide--a further opportunity for deEection'resultinii ln actlon to redu'ce o-i ftmtt exposure. In the case ofsuifrlse atEack designed to achieve lncapacitating dosages wl.thin ashorE period of tlner these forms of detectlon may have ltttle utilicyin llmitlng casualty production. Conversely, successful utlllzatlonof agent for terraln denial, canalizatLon, frushlngr or harassment,ca! rely on detection and forced departure from Ehe Eargee area. InalL cases' with perhaps Ehe excepEion of recogniEion oirouges throughan unevenly contamlnated area, detectlon appears to be a relatLvelyunl-mportant conslderatton in assesslng syetem effectlveness.

7-3, (U) ProEectlon (U)

a. (U) GeneraL (U). The term protection enconpassesall chose factors or act,ions which infl.uence the agent dose anlnd{vidual receives when ln the presence of a specified threaE levelof the agent. As agent CS ls a general lrritanE, consideration mustbe given to protecEion of all areas of the body. The rhreat hazardspresenEed by CS are respitatory lnlralation, and lntraocuiar andcutaneous conEaminatLon. Each route of entry must be considered inrelaEion to protection. The eyes and respiraLory passages are themost relevant Eo proEectLon from this agent, alEhough contaminatl.on

: f ,::: T?' ;,: ;::'::::":::iff :il"T: ::": :: :::"":. u

: f::: ( B :f s: : "itF" )

JCP-I, DPG REGRADED UNCT"ASSIFIED

b. (U) Resplrarorv Subrnodel (U).

(1) (U) To permit basellne calculatlon8, Ehe respiratorydose artslng from exposure Eo a concentration hlstory l'x(t)lof vaporor fine aerosols of CS ls gLven by the general equatlon

7tdR(E) = 10-"R-/o x(r) B(t) n (r) de (7.1)

where dR(t) - inhaled dose, mg, retatned up to tLme t, mLn

R = retentlvlty of agent withln resplratory tract,expreseed aa a fractlon between zero and one

x(t; - concenqratlon hlstory st the lndlvtdualra locatlon,mg/me

B(t) - breathlng rate a8 a functlon of tfure, litere/mlnn(t) ' maeklng functton, expreeeed as fractr.onar exposure

I recelved, and varylng between zero and one.

For exposure to a doeage D, wLth constant breathing and naskLngfunctlone, the following equatlon applles:

d* = 10-3RDB.

where D = total dosage, rng nln/ne

Bo = eombined conscanE B and n, liters/nfn

(7 .2'

The submodel paraneters for breathiug rate and nasktng funct,lon arepresented ln Vol. X.

(2) (U) Under the asaumptlons regardlng brearhlng and masklngfunctions enbodled ln chie forntrlsclon, the only agent orienced par-emet,er is ghat for retentlvlty, R, which ls dependent on the partlcleslze dlstrlbuEion; R hae a value exceedlng 0.9 for particles from 5ml.crone up to 15 microns ln dt$!eEer. Partlcles above approxlmately15 mlcrons cannot, be drann lnto che reeplratory system wlth anefficlency of 100 percent. Particles greater than 50 ml'crons indlameter do noE enter the nose, unleee traveling a path dlrected intothe nares. Respiratory ret,ention efflclency for particles less than5 microns is lndicated in Flgure 7-1.(rs)

7-2

@

90

80

70

60


t'Nffi

I

IJc0,oHoCL

tro.r{r,tor,o&

30

20

10

0

Figure 7-1 (U).ParCLcLe

Efficlency of PartlcleTract (U).6es)

-ln Human Respirat,ory

2Slze (fr)ReEentLon

T'NCIASSIFIED7-3

Total ResplraEory Tract ReEent,ion

- -J'

't2-

//

//

//

//

//

I

Upper ResplraEory Tract Retentlon

Ill\i

\I\,i

Lower RespiraEory Tract Retentlon

_____tJCP-!, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSTFTED

unffi(3) (u) rn surprlse atracks, addltlonal brearhing and masklng

complexlties are involved--prlnarlly gasplng, breath hoidlng, andspeed of masklng. I{hlle the Equacl.on (7.1) etL1l ia appllcable.,a model whlch accounta for these paraoeters epeclflcally has beenformrlated. Thls model and avallable paraseter valuee wlth a detalleddlscusslon of lts derlvatlon and use are preeented ln Volune X of thesource Book. However, because lncapacltatlon haa been approachedthrough empLrlcal deterrnlnaElon of tolerance tltres for varlous expo-sure concentratlon hlstorLes, rather than for retalned dose, resplra-tory dose models are of ltnlEed uee in naklng casualty predlctione.

c. (U) Ocular and CuEa+eous Subnodelg (U).

(L) No subnodel.s have been fornulated for calculatlng theocular and cutaneoug doges recelved frorn speclftc exposures. thesedoses are compLex funcElons of many variables. sore of the factorsof lmportance are: speed and effLciency of naaklng; agent particlesize disEribuEion; body area exposed; type of protectlve clothlng;environmenEal condltLons; and the protectLon offered by closedeyell-ds

(2) Ocular response Le comparable to resplratory response interms of incapacltatlon. In sone tacttcal situatlong ocular effectsntghE be colerable lf resplratory proteccl.on were achLeved. However,exposure sufficLent to achieve the desired lncapacltatlon by theresplratory route will usuaLly be sufficlent to produce the desiredocular response. Dosage response and recovery tlme data frq windEunnel and fleld experiments are presented in Chapter 3.

d. (U) Protection Measures (U). A dry fleld uniform w111usually provide adequate protecEion for short cutaneous exposuretimes in mosE tacEical sltuatlons. The eyes and reepiraEory passagescan be proLected by imediaLe masklng. To suppletrent the daEasumarlzed in Vol. X, observet,Lons are avallablg on the'protectlve capabil-lties of the Xll28 riot control agenc mask.(ao) ThelGI28 ts a lighrwelght mask designed prlnaril.y for proEectlon againstCS aerosol. AfEer flnal nodlflcations were nade, no leaks neredeEected in tesLs ln whLch CS aerosol wae diseemlnated from acetoneand from M7A3 grenades. IE was concluded that the lnproved )11128mask adequaEely plotects lndividuals expoaed to CS aerosol for10 mlnutes under tropical condlEions and Ln wlnils up Eo 15 nph. Intrlals conducted with tralned volunteers havtng the XM28'protectlvemasks available and a similar but unprotected group, 36 of 62(57.7%) of Ehose who were able to nask following exposure to CSaerosol- tolerated concenrratlons fron 12 to 141 llg/ns for longer than120 seconds. By comparison, none of the unproLected personnel coulddo so.(a)

7-4

T'NCI.ASSIHED


7-4. (C) Decontaminatlon (U)

a. (c) The resplratory and incraocul.ar threats from CS requireno more Ehan fresh alr for cleansing and reversal of effects.(e)Decontaml.nation measures are thus perEinent to skin, cloEhing, andremoval from the area. A conpreheusive study to determlne the efft-ciency of various chemicals in decontauination was carried out byD,emek, et al.(sr) Initlal observations on wetting and dissolving ofCS and CS2 utlllzing various substances in dlstllled and Eap rsater arepresenLed in Table 7-1. Further experinentation indicated that aqueoussolutions containLng monoethansf'm{ng (MEA) and nonionlc detergents(such as Triton x-100 or rgepal co-630) were Lhe mosr, promisingcandidates. rn Tables 7-2 and 7-3, the solutlon tlmes for cs and cs2ln Ehese nl.xtures are lndicated.

b. (C) Subsequently, soluElons conrainlng L0 percent MEA and.0.3 percenE detergent lrere found to dtssolve and decontamlnate CSand cs2. ln soil or on clouh ln about Ewo minutes with dlstilled ort,ap water (tap water usually needed larger anounts of detergent). rna soil decontaminaElon experlmenE, approxlnately 700 nllllllters ofEhis solution were required for a one square fooE pan fl1led wlth soilto a depth ot 2L lnches snd ssnlamlnated over Ehe surface wtth 5.4gr€lns og gg2.(e1) Also, the solution effectlvely remorred CS2 from I

skin surfaces, buL proved to be lrriEating to the eye.(lo) For afield expedient,, a decontaninaring agenr of a high alkaline (pH lt )detergent and water can be used to decontaminate large surface areasand personnel.(2) Effectlve skln irritanL deconEaminant, (SID) hasbeen developed at Eglin AFB.(sz) thts decontaminanE conslsts of5 percent sodlum bisulfite by welght dlssolved in a mixture of45 percenE lsopropyl aLcohol, 40 percenE water and 10 percent glycerlnby volune. lhis solution ts highly effect,ive Ln relievLng Ehe skinlrritating effects of agent CS. SID can be sprayed from small aerosol-conEainers, or poured dlrectly on Ehe CS contaminated skin, andrubbed into the skin by hand.

c. (U) As bulk CS1 and CS2 are reaerosollzed when distrubedProper safety neasures must be Eaken during decontamlnaEion of _surfaces and maEerlals. Personnel should wear prot,ecEive clothing,masks, hoods, and gloves. In enclosures, wtrere liqutd deconcaoLnantgare often noE appllcable, vacuun cleaners should be equipped wLth awaEer fllter to trap the so1ld agent. Even ln open areas, thesecondary cloud created by decontmlnatLon procedures mus'E be con-sLdered. For example, ln one fleld Erlal wlth bulk disseminaEed CS2,the cloud generated (by hoslng the contaminaEed area) made itnecessary- for personnel to mask several mlles dornwind.(2)

7-5

For

n of

Age

nET

ype

ofI{

ater

Add

itive

0bse

rvat

,ions

cs cs2

cs2

cs cs CS cs cs cs cs cs2

cs2

CS cs2

cs2

cs2

cs2

cs2

cs cs2

cs cs cs cs2

cs

Dls

tllLe

dD

lstl1

1ed

TA

P

Dls

tllle

dD

isttl

led

Dls

ttl.le

dD

istlL

led

Dts

tl1le

dD

lstll

led

Dls

tl1le

dD

lstll

led

Dte

tllle

dD

ietll

led

Tap

TaP Tap

TA

PT

AP

Dis

tille

dT

aP Dts

t11l

ed

Dls

tllle

dD

letll

l.ed

Dls

tille

dD

lstil

led

Ce ty

ld tm

e th

ylbe

nzy

I ar

mro

nlum

chl

or

ld e

(5 7

.)C

e ty

Ldt

ne E

hylb

enzy

l em

mon

Lum

ch

lorid

e(0

.257

.)G

ety

ldln

e th

ylbe

nzyl

ann'

onlu

m

chlo

ride

(0.2

57")

Arq

uad

L-15

(5%

)H

yanl

ne 2

389

(2.5

"/")

Hya

nlne

238

9 (O

.25"

/")

Sod

iurn

laur

yL s

ulfa

ue (

57")

rlde

(5%

)B

enax

zA

L (5

7",

Cal

gon

(57"

)N

arP

O,

(0.5

%)

Nao

CO

s (0

.57"

)N

aHs%

(s%

)N

aOH

(0.

1%)

TrlE

on X

-100

(0.

2%)

Trlt

on X

-100

(O

.2"/

); N

aoll

(0.1

%)

Igep

al c

O-6

30 (

0.27

,);

NaO

II (0

.1%

)T

rlton

X-1

00 (

0.2%

); N

aaC

Os

(0.1

7.)

EE

hyLe

ne g

lyco

l (5%

)E

thon

een

L-LL

|2i (

O.2

57.)

ME

A (

5%)

ME

A (

2.s%

)M

EA

(1%

)D

ieth

anol

anl.n

e (9

%)

TriB

Eha

nola

oine

(5%

)I

Wet

lnst

antly

Wet

eas

lly

Wet

poo

rly

Wet

eas

llyW

et ln

stan

tlyI{

et s

lorly

WeE

eas

ilyt{

et e

aslly

I{et

qui

ckly

Wet

ver

y po

orly

No

wet

Eln

gN

o w

ettin

gN

o w

ettln

gN

o w

ettln

gW

eE in

sLan

Ely

WeE

inst

antly

, dl

seol

ved

ln 5

mln

.W

ec ln

stan

tl.y,

dls

solv

ed ln

5 r

nin.

WeE

qul

ckly

, no

t dl

ssol

ved

ln I

hr.

pH L

L

No

wet

tlng

I{et

eas

lly,

pH 9

.7W

eE ln

stan

Ely

, di

ssol

ved

in 5

mln

.pH

10.

8W

et e

aslly

I{eL

poo

rlyW

et in

1..5

nln

., no

sol

ut,lo

nI{

et p

oorly

Tab

le 7

-1 (

U).

Obs

erva

tions

onW

et,ti

ng a

nd S

olut

lon

of C

S a

nd C

S2

wlc

h A

queo

us S

olut

lons

(U

)(5o

)

L o ! ! b ! o v m o v trt

m g c z o F o 2 3 nr 0

\t I (


T'Nffi

Table 7-2 (U). Addiclon of 0.1 Gram of CS to Mixturee of Distilledlrlater and MEA conrainlng 0.2% TrLton X-100 (u;.(sr1

Tablel' 7-3 (U). Addttlon of 0..1 Gram of CS2 to Mtxture of DlstllledI^later and MEA Contalning O.T/" TrLton X-IOO (U). (sr)

7-7

Volume of Water(ml)

Volume of MEA(ml)

pH Tlme for Solutlon(sec)

10.0

11.0

LZ.O

13.0

14.0

14. s

5.0

4.O

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.5

11.5

11 .5

11 .3

11. 1

11.0

L0.7

0

0

10

I20

150

420

Volune of Water(nr)

Volume of MEA(n1)

pH Tlme for Solutlon(eec )

10.0

1 1.0

L2.O

13.0

14. 0

14.5

5.0

4.A

3.0

2.O

1.0

0.5

12.0

11. 7

11.5

11.4

1r,1

10.9

15

15

L7

20

45-.

90

T'NCT.ASSIHED

-2


CHAPTER 8

IDEMIFICASTON OF KNCHLEDGE GAPS

8-1.(U) General (U)

Thls chapter Ldentlfiee and dlscusses related characEer1Bclcs of CSlfeapon and defense systeme for whlch currenE tnformatlon isinadequate.

8-2.(C) Knowledge Gape (U)

a. (U) Purlty of CS (U). In laboratory experiments, CS in apyrotechnlc mix has been observed Eo deterlorale repldly ln thepresence of heat and hunldiEy. The effect of fenperature andhunldtcy on the purlty and dLseenlnatlon efflctency of CS pyroqedlnl.cmunLtlons needs Eo be quantifled. Thle lnformatLon ls necessary lnorder to determlne etorage constralnt,s.

b. (u) Eq4lc Bulk CS (U). Follodng.d lssemlnation dlapensing systems and from dry agenEdlspersere, fhe behavlor of CS ls dependent on the dlstrlbuglon ofparticle sizes. The change in partlcle elzes durlng storage, as wellas durlng Lhe dlssemtnaElon process, needs to be obeerved andquanElfled.

_ c. (U) Source Clouds for Weapon Svetens nlth SkltEeringCanlsters (U). CurrenE nethods ueed for treatlng weapons systems withskLttering canistere do not characterLze the tnltlal source clouds.Rather, the dorrrwLnd doeage cdrerage observed ls represented forstaodard envlronmental condltlons and excrapolaEed to other condltlons'on the basls of rlnlted fj.eld test observtt*bne. Addltlonel fleldtrlals wlth theee munLt{ons are requlred, ln order to boch verLfy checurrent methods and to develop new ones baeed on'the representatl.on oftenpbral and apatlal distrtbution of agent from the ak*tertngcanistere

d. (U) Source Clouds for Statlonarv Pvrotechnic I'Iunitlor; (U).Current Bethods for treatlng pyrotechnlc CS munlEloas do not ditectlyreflect treasuretrente of the spatlal tenporal dtstribuELon resultingfrou the'heat and finlte burnlng tlme. AddLtlonal field trl.als arerequired to measure eh'e spaLlal tenporal distribuElon of Ehe sourcecloud and Lo verlfy current nodelling meEhods. In addlElon, furtherstudy of diffuel.on from pyrotechnlc sources ls desirable to resolveEhe apparent dlecrepancy between diffueion parameEers for pyroEechnicsources and the Eore generally observed dlffusl-on paramet,ers.

e. (U) Crater Contamlnatlon frm BuLk Dlspensing Systems (U),The linlted avallable observat,lons of crater contaninatlon lndtcate

8-1

JCP-I, DPG REGRADED UNCI.ASSIFIED

that a slgnlflcant prnounE of agent Le contalned ln craters created bybulk diepensLng eystems. Addltlonal observatlons are requl.red toquanEify thls signlflcant effect.

f. (U) Dtffusl.on Par$netere for Pvrotechnlc MunLtlone ln Urbanterralq (U). Although dlffuelon of CS from pyrotechnlc nunlcloEs h8sbeen observed ln open and vegetated terraln, no obeervatlons harre beenreported Ln urban terraln. Slnce current methodology for treatLngdlffuslon frm pyrotechnlc sources requlres new parameter estLmat,ee,there ie a Deed to develop and valldate parsneters approprlate codlffuslon ls urban terraln.

g. (U) Terrain Contamlnatlon Model (U). The llmlted avallableobservatLons of terrain cont,amlnatLcn have been used to develop meanarea dLstribuElons of expected contaminatlon denslt,lee for varlousbulk dlspenslng systeme. These observatlons ehould be eupplenenEed =wich additl.onal data and ueed to valldate Ehe generallzed EerrainconEaminaElon model. Thls vaLidatlon should lead to more accurateconEamLnatloo. estlmatee .

h. (U) Pereigtency of CS as a Terraln Denlal Mechanlsm (U).A limlted aoounE of field dsta has been collected on the perelsEencyof CS ln operaELonal aftuat,lons. These data have resulted l-ntdenttflcat,l.on of Ehe groso effect of lnltial contamlnation densityend Eype of underlaylng surface on the perslstency of CS ae atraversal barrier. AddlElonal obeervatLons and decallg are neededto identlfy ehe phyelcal proeesees controlling CS persieEency, therebyallowlng more rellable extenslon of the observatlons to other con- 'dltl-ons, AddLcional data would also permit valldetton of the modelswhlch have been formulated to daEe.

i. (U) Perslstency of CS ae a Vehicle Denial Mechanlem (U).It has been observed that conc,aml.nation of roads wirh CS present,aa posslble E€ana of terraln denlal to vehlcular uee. Mdre extenelveexpertmentacLon should be carrLed out to identtiy relatlonshlpsbetween operat,ional and envlronmental parameters whlch llnlc theeffectiveness of thls barrier mechanLsm.

J. (U) Dell.very Almlng Errors Assoclated wlth Bulk DlapenelngSystems (U). Aimlng errors have been est,Lmated for the XM165 andCBU-l9/A canl-ster cluster and the MK20 and MK77 borobs based on allntted nunber of test results. Current daEa are noE adeQuate fordeallng wlth dellvery errore aeeoclated nlth l,l4 and M5 dlapersers,Ml06 disperse!, ]OO20 drun bonb, XU28 bag disperoer, and M3 portabledisperser. Avatlable data need to be supplenented Ehrough Eestsconducted Eo eimulrtc operattcrrl dellvcry Ln ordcr togenerate operat,Lonally useful ainlng error estlmaces.

'-

8-2

JCPJ, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED '

k. (U) O.cuLar Resp.onse Model (U). It is conceivable that lnsore EacticaL sltuations ocular effecEs nighE be tolerable ifrespiratory protection were achteved. Available data do not permitevaluatLon of ocular response independenE of respirat,ory response andvLce versa. In view of possible alternate protect,ive acEions, iE lsdesirabl.e to obtain lnforrnation on human ocular response Eo CS.Available data lndicate that Ehe effects of both particle size andconcentrat,ion need to be observed,

1. (U) General Response Mgdel (U). To daEe, observations haveindicaeed the importance of euch factors as degree of LncapacLtation,duration of exposure, concenEraEion history of exposure, pattlcle size,and indlvidual Eolerance and moElvatl.on on the incapacitatlng capa-billcies of CS. The int,erretationshtp of these parameters, ae theyaffect lndivldual response, has not been clearly deflned. Addltlonalcontrolled experluentaEion and more extenslve analyses are reguiredEo deveLop a general response nodel for CS. -

8-3

JCPJ, DPG REGRADED UNCI.ASSIFIED '

I'NCT.ASSIFIED

APPENDIX A

CS FIELD TRIALS

Table A-1 (U). 155 m Howitzer Shells (U).

AgencyConducting

TestTrlalNunber Reporc Reference Cor@ents

DPG

DPG

DPG

DPG

DPG

DPG

DPG

DPG

DPG

DPG

DPG

DPC

DPG

DPG

F.767

EC814

c840

EC843

c910

E713A

E7 13B

E7L3C

E858

E907

E'957

E8L2

8822

E95OA

BC

DPc DR 8767, Aug 67

DPc DR EC814BC, ltar

DPG Di C840, Apr 68

DPG DR'EC843, May 68

DPG DR C9l'.0, Jan 69

DPc DR E713A, Jul 67

DPc DR E7138' OcE 67

DPc DR E7l-3C, May 68

DTC DR 8858' Aug 68

DTC DR E9O7, Feb 69

DTC DR E957, SeP 69

DPG DT 8812, Dec 67

DPG m 8822, Feb 68

DTC FR 8950A, L969

69

iring record

A-L

T'NCIASSIFIED

TTNCTf,SSIFIED

Table A-2 (U). 105 mrn HowiEzer Shells (U).

AgencyConducEing

Test


DPG DR E839, Apr 68

DPG DR E839A, Jun 68

DTC DR 8861, Jul 58

EA AgenEs Branch, IR,105nrn canister,Feb 67

cs2 F111

ComrenEs

DPG

DPG

DPG

EA

TSD Agents Branch,AR34, Aug 68

Table A-3 (U) . 4.2 In. MorEar Shells (U).

A-2

Report Reference

8839

D839A

E861

Test Plan67 -6,FT20-22,24,25 (5triaLs)

AgencyConducting

TestTrlalNum,ber Report Reference Corgnents

DPG

DPG

ETLL

E921.

DPG DR 8711,

892L,

t{.ay 67

Jan 69DTC DR

T'NCL}ISSIFIED

I'Nffi

Table A-4 (U). E158 Type Clusters (U).

AgencyCondueElng

Test

DPG

DPG

DPG

DPG

DPG

DPG

DTC

DTC

DTC

DTC

AFSC

E537-2

8C606,12trlals

E701

E814

8814D

8814E

8919

8934

DPG

DPG

8537-2, Aug 65

EC606, Jun 66

Conments

8159

8158 dropped ftonCH2lC aircraft


DR

LR

DPG DR

DPG DR

DPG DR

DPG DR

DTC DR

DPG DT

E701, Sep 67

8814, Jun 68

8814D, Dec 68

E8l.4E, Mar 69

89L9, Jun 69

8934, Aug 69

DTC DR 8934, Jul 69

Hq, Troop Test, FortLee, Va., WaterBucket II, 1965

Hq, APGC (AFSC), LRProJect 2554WL'L966

DTC Test 66-10,Dec 66

81.59

xM15

XM15 and E158

XM15 and E158

8158R2

)0{165 and )OI15,E158R2

xM165

12 CBU-19/Afe14 E158rs wereaLr-dellvered

Bonbing tabledata

cBU-19/A

I{atcrBucketII

Project2554WL

Test66-10,TT2-7,11-13,15,16,18, 19,2L-24,26,28,28R1,30r34,4e (24

Reporc Reference

A-3

trials)

T'NCT.H,SSIFIED

Table A-4 (U). E158 Type Clusters (U). Conrlnued

AgencyConducting

Test

IINCT.ASSFED

APGC-TR-66-83, Dec 66Elgln APGC(Arscl

Elgln APGC(AFSC)

Elgin APGC(AFSc)

Elgin APC,C(AFSC)

ProJect2554w2M1

roject2554vt2

APGC-TR-66-83, Dec 66

vtz

rojecE2554vt2

APGC-TR-66-83, Dec 66

M3

CoulenEs

Functloning anddellvery cest,cBU-19/A

Funct,lonlng anddellvery teat,cBU-19/A

FuncEioning anddelivery test,cBu-LglA

Functionlng anddellvery test,cBU-19/A

Submunltlon Eesting

ject APGC-rR-66-83,554W2

EATR 4200, Jun 68

Table A-5 (U). SW-13/A (cBu-3oA) Bomblec Dlspenser (U).

A-4

Trial I

Nurnber I n"port Reference

AgencyConducting

TestTrialNumber Report Reference CorunenEs

DTC Test 66-10, FT31,32,33-37,5 trlals

i

DTC Flnal RePort,Test 65-10, Dec 66

T'NCT.H,SSIFIED

JCP-!, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED

UNffiTable 4,-6 (U). Sling MounEed Dispensers (U).

Table A-7 (U). Dispersers (U).

AgencyConducting

IESE

A-5

spheres

M3 and M4 dispersers

Kl and M9 dlspersers

M106 d{.sperser

M5 dlsperser

AgencyConductlng

TesETrlalNumber Report Reference COntnentS

DTC

DTC

Test 68-52, 5Erials

Iest 68-53, 3Erials

DIC Flnal Report,Teet 68-52, May 68

IIIC Final ReporE,,Test 68-53runpubllshed

CS2 fill, 2 trlalswlth bags, 3crlale wlth self-dlsperslng sphere

cs2 f111, 3 Erialswith bags

DPG

EA

EA

Reporc Reference

5 Erials

ploitatlon

DPc TR307, Apr 61

TSD Agents Branch,AR36, ocr 68

EA AR37, Jan 69

DF !'easibllity Studyof M5 Dlsperser, Jan68

UNCT.ASSIFIED

JCP-I, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED(

I'NCTITSSIFIED

Table A-8 (U). 35 rnm Launcher (88) (U).

A-6

AgencyConducting

TestTrialNumber Report Reference Conrnents

DPG

DPG

DPG

DPG

DTC

EA

lE601AI

hoorsI

EC601B-2r9 trlals

E6O1A

Test56-10,FTIA,18E, 10A,108,14A,L7 ,2O,25,27 ,29,5L-54,

(15 rrials)

Pin PolnuProgram

DPG DR 86014, Dec 65

DPc LR E6018, Jan 66

DPG DR EC601B-2, Apr 6(

DPG LR 8601A, Jan 66

DTC Final ReporE,Test 56-10, Dec 65

BATR 4200, Jun 68 ubmuniElonEesting

T'Nffi


T'Nffi

Table A-9 (U). 55 Gallon Drum Munlrions (X1,I920 & Xl,I925) (U).

A-7

AgencyConducting

TestTrialNumber Report Reference Coments

DPG

DPG

DPG

DPG

DPG

DPG

DPG

DPG

DPG

DTC

DTC

lE761A-I cnutI

8761A-Eng

EC76L.B-Chem

87618-Eng

E75lC,26trial-s

EC76lC

EC76lE

E843

EC843, IlsI

trials I

r."t ea- |

52,7 I

triaLs. I

resE I

68-s3 I

DPG LR 8761A-Chen,Jul 67

DPG LR E761A-Eng,JUI 67

DPc LR EC761n-Chem,Aug 67

DPG LR 87618-Eng,Sep 67

DPG LR 8761C, OcE 67

DPG LR EC761C, Nov 67

DPc LR EC76LE, Dec 67

DPG DR E843, May 68

DPG DR EC843, May 68

DTC Flnal *"nr, ,.;a68-52, May 68

DTC Flnal Rept, Test68-53, (unpubltshed)

rrLals with cs1,wlth CS2

T'NCT.TTSSIFIED

T'NCT.ASSIFIED

Table A-10 (U). BLU-52 Bomb (U).

AgencyConducEing

Test,

IJSAETAWCT.

Eglin AEB

DTC

Table A-11 U). MK20 Bomb (U)'.

AgencyConducting

Test

A-8

TrialNurnber ReporE Reference

TAC Test67-LL,9 crla

Test 68-52, 15Erials

Tesc68-53

USAFTAWC, Flnal Rept.,TAC Test 67-LL, Nov67

DTC Flnal RepE, lest68-52, May 68

DTC Flnal Rept. r Test68-53 (unpubllshed)


Corments

1, also lncluded1.8 stnulant, Eriate,BLV-52|F

CS2 ff11, also 13slmulant ErialsBLU.52AlB

2 SLLL,BLU.52AlB

CorrnentsReport Reference

DPG DR C840, Apr 68

Flnal Rept, Test68-53 (unpublished)

to A3,3 Erlal

68-53

I'NCT.ASISIFIED


In{ffi

TabLe A-12 (U). 40 m Carrridge (U).

Table A-13 (U). !17 Type Grenade (U).

A-9

AgencyConduct,ing

TestTrlalNunber Report Reference Coutrents

APG ProJectlt{523801A287

lPc rN1579, Nov 65 2OR2, balllstictests wtCh 1,f79launcher

AgencyCondueting

TesETrlalNr.mber Report Reference CO,rrrnents

DPG

DPG

DPG

EA PlnPoLntProgram

DPc R295, Dec 61

DPG R338, Nov 62

DPc R331, Dec 62

EATR 4200, Jun 68

l47AL and, l"I7Mnodtfded

M7A2

M7A1

SubnunitionEesting

T'NCT.ASSIHED

JCPJ, DPG REGRADED UNCI.ASSIFIED '

Table A-14 (u). MK77 Bonb (U).

Table A-15 (U). M25A2 Grenade (U).

T'Nffi

A-I.O

AgencyConducting

TesETrialNuruber ReporE Reference ComnenEs

DTC Test58-s3

DTC Final RepE., Test68-53 (unpubLished)

cs2 fill

AgencyConducting

TestTrialNunber Report Reference Cotrments

EA TesE 242 EA Assessment ReportNo. 40, Mar G9

TINCI.ASSIFIED

JCP-I, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED '

T'NCI.ASSIEIED

APPEI{DIX B

REFERENCES CITED

Deseret, IesL Centerr_FE- Douglas, Utair, Operatio,nal Aspectsg4+Ssg-!g (u), by paul L. Howaid, xo" ffic rJ-2s.CONFIDE}lTIAL

2. Deseret Test Center, Ft. Douglas, Utah, DTC Tes!6g-52 (U), byL. Dale King, Frank D. Bagley, and s. snITE;l@E 6a'sitszt.CONFIDENTIAL

1.

by3. Deseret Test CenEer, Ft. Douglas,Ray W. Bills, L966, DTC 6610129R,

Utah, Test

4. Operations Research Group, EdgewoodEo Propose CharacterisEics ofE. I{. Hollingsworth, Morris ian, and Morton D. Shavit, L967,ORG Special Fubl.icaEion 7, AD 350 959L. COMIDEMIAL

5. Punte, C. L.; Owensr E. J.; and Gutentag, p. J.; ttExposures EoOrthochlorobenzyl.idene Malononitrile; Controlled Hunan Exposures, rr

Archives of Environmental Health, 62366-74, L963. IJNCLA.SSIFIED

6. chenicaL warfare Laboratories, Ihe Evaluation of cs Aerosols as

Arsenal, Md., An Arylysisltions for Arqr Use (UL by

a Rlot Control Agent irlMan (U), by p. J. Gutentag, J. Hart,a Riot oL E. J.Owens, and, C, L, PunLe, Apr 1960, CI{LR 2365. CONFIDET{TIAI

7. Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood Arsenal, Md., Research LaboratoriesHunan EsEinates: CS and EA,_3547, 16 Oct, L967, LeCcer neporrto DlrecLor, Research Laboratories. IINCI"ASSIFIED

8. Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood Arsenal, Md., Toxicology of RiotControl Chemicals CS. CNr_and DM, by B. P. McNamara, E. J. Owens,J. T. Weimer, T. A. Ballard, and F. J. Vocci, Nov 1969, EATR 4309,AD 862 O75L. UNCTASSIFIED

9" Osens, E. J. and Punte, C. L., rrHrman Respiratory and OculgrIrrlEation Studies Utiltzlng o-Chlorobenzylidene MalononitrlleAerosolsrrf A4nerlcan Industrlal llygiene Association Journal.24:262-264, '

10. Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood Arsenal, Md;, Cutaneous Reaction toE' _Uy D. Z. Welgand, Aug 1968, TechnicaL Memorandum 114-f8,AD 839 L22L. UNCLASSIFIED

11. Chemical Warfare Laboratories, Arry Chenical CenEer,tlcal Methods for CS. Part II Voh:metric

: Estination o. CONFIDEMIAL

Md., Analy-ion of CS

, by Samual Sass,

65-10 PIN POINT,I]NCI.ASSIFIED

B-1

May , gwLR 23

TINCT.H,SSIFIED

csEe


L2.

PEFERB{CES CITED Continued

Grace, (W, R. ) and Co., Corrosion artbtlts Studl.e a€lc t (u), M. E. ,J.4.

Cogllano, and G. L. Braude, 6 May L964, ReporE RES350 7s5.Report, Contract DA 108-cnL-6602(A), AD

L4. Edgewood Arsenat, Edgewood Arsenal, lld.,of I'loLsture: ononltrl

Mlxture, Ez ckrR. T. Connor, June L967, Technlcal Memorandum 24L-4, AD 818

988L. I,NCI.ASSIFIED

15. Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood Arsenal, Md.,

64-49, FlnalSECRXT

13. Dtrgway Proving Ground, Utah, Interim Rgrrort of Survelllance Test(Environnencal) of CSl Rtot Control Aeent (u), 5Auf 1964-CONFIDENTIAT

UNCIASSIFIED

ITNCT.ASSIFIED

T'NCLASSIFIED

16. Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood Arsenal, Md., The Effect of Storage r

Temperature on Selected Propertles of CS2, by CPT C. J. Cante,L. S. Noble, and SP4 S. T. Green, July 1969, SpecLal Publlcation100-58, AD 858 147. UNCLASSTFIED

L7. Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood Arsenal,M9 Dlspersers Fllled CS1 and CS2, byAgenEs Branch AssessmenE Report 36.

Trlals of M25 Grenade Fllled CSl and CS2, byr 4b.

18. Dugway Provlng Ground, Dugway, Utah, Engtneer Deeign Test ofLauncher. 88. TacticaL Cs Munition. Dleseml.natlon Phase (U), byHarry S. Sloane and Wilbert T. Taylor, L966, DaEa Report 86018-2.CONFIDENTIAL

19, Edgewood Arsenal, Bdgewood Arsenal, Md.r Fleld Trlale of a105 m Shell Fllled wtth CS2, by Theresa Peverley, Aug 1968,Agents Branch Assesement Report 34. ITNCLASSIFIED

20. Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood Arsenal, Md., Fleld and Wlnd TuulelTrlels of the_105 qm Ganister. Ftlled CS, ' by

--

2L. Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood Arsenal, Md., Tesc Pl.an 2108, Wlndt

by A. Koblin, 1967 , Agents Branch. IJNCLASSIFIED

22, Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood Arsenal, Md.' @Teqclng gf ENSURE Itens - Test Plans 210A and 2108, by A- Koblln,L967, Agents Braneh. ttNcLASSIFIED

B-2

of M3 andOct 1958,

T'NCIASSIFIM


IINffi

REFERENCES CITED Contlnued

23. Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood Araenal-, Md., performance characterls-Eics of,,Yarlous cs subnunlrlone (u), by M. Mllteiand L. BEaard,'June L968, Agents Branch. CONFIDENTIAL

24. Deseret Test Center, Ft, Douglas, Utah, UIC Test 68-53 Phase Iby L. D. KLng, L970, Unpubllshed

25, OperauLons Reeearch Group, Edgewood Arsenal, Md., Dat,a Input toWeapons Effectlveneeg Eet,tnateg.. (U)' L967. CONFIDEFfff-

26. Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood Arsenal, Md., Evgluacion of the M106Dispenser for Dlrect 4ttgck,.an4. Te,rrain Denlal Op.eraEtone, byM. R, l{lller and L. D. Bedard, L967, Agente Branch AgeessmentReporc 37. TNCLASSIFIED

27. Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood Arsenal, Md., BloE ConErol $gent CS,MunLEions and Dlgpersers (U), ,1967, Customer Relatlons andComodlty Management Offlce, Technlcal Memorandun 501-1, AD 384T92L. COMIDENTIAL

I28. Du5vay Provlng Ground, Iltrgway, Utah, Er-rglneer Deelgn Test of Fuzeand Burster. Bopb XtI9,20. CF2 Ftlled (U), by l{llberr T. Tayloi indJ. C. Lareen, 1968, Data Report, ProJect No. EC843. CONFIDENTIAL

29. Dugsay Prwlng Ground, Dugway, Utah, Englneer DeeiFn Test ofFuze and XI'f920 (U), L967, Letter Report EC761B.

3Q. Dugtray Provlng Ground, Dugrsay, Utah, Dugvrav Proving GroundDl.eseml.naElon Trials for, QSl_lefelstlncy SEudy (U), by F. Massaro,1968, Data Report, ProJect No. C840. COIIFIDENTIAI

3L, U,S. Air Force Tactlcal Alr Warfare Center, OT&E BLU-52/BChemical Bo-ob, (U), by R. R. Barber, L967, Tactlcal Alr Comand,Egitn AEB, Fla, SECRET

32. Due;nay Prorrlng Ground, Dugnay, Utah, CW 562, M3 and M4 IrrlcgntGes Dlsperslon Trlals, L96L, Trlal Record 307, AD 833 796L.TINCIASSIFIED

33. DLsposLtion Form, SMUEA-TSFE-A, Edgewood Arsenal, EdgewoodArsenal, Md., 23 Jan 1968, Subject: FeaslbtLitv Studv on theU5 Dlspefs.er. ITNCIASSIFIED

34. SuEEon, O. G., r'The Disperslon of Hot Gaees ln the AtmosphererrfJourgal of Meteorologv, 7:3O7-3L2, 1950. ITNCLASSIFIED

B-3

T'NCT.ASSIFIED


ITNCT.ASSIHED

REFERENCES CITED Continued

35. PrLestl.y, C. H. 8., "A Working Theory of the Heat Oven Ph-rme ofHot Gases r

tt

SocleEy, 82t L65-L76, 1956. TINCLASSIFIED

36. U.S. Atosllc Energy Cormisslon,Oak Rldge Area, by J. A. Holland, 1953, Report 0R0-99, WeatherBureau, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Flnal Report (Covering the PerlodL948-t952). rrNCrAsSrFrED

37. Scorer, R. S., ttThe Rise of Heat Oven Hot Ph.mes, AtmospherlcDiffusion and Alr PolluElonr" Ed. by F. N. Frenklel and P. A.Sheppard, Advances ln Geophyslcs, 62399-411, Academlc Press,1958. IINcLASSIFIED

38. Booz-Allen Applted Research, Inc., The ARCHON l{eapons SvstemEffectiveness Slnllacors. Vol I. DELV 1 and DELV 2, ARCHON

nodels to determlne muniEions detonatlon locatlons, Apr 68,Ftnal Report, ReporE BMRINC 9004-082-R5(29), Contract DAAD 09-68-c-0023, aD 835 069L. trNCr.ASSrFrED

39. Edgefuood Arsenal, Edgewood Arsenal, Md., Claseifled Tlt1e, byL. D. Bedard, M. R. MLlLer, and D. E. Snith, Aug 1969, TechnicalMemorandum 441-13-R1, AD 393 669L. COIIFIDENTIAL

40. PLttsburgh Universlty,Procedure CS Munltlons

t{aahingEon, D. C., Research Staf f r &gg(U), AMC Technical InformaELon Report49-185-AMC-214(D), AD 388 794L.

CONFIDEMIAL

4L. Operatlons Research Group, ArEy Chenical Center, Md., Chemlcaland Blo Technical Ref k (u), secElon 5

,AD . SECRET

B-4

tL2. A*y, Departnent of Ehe,Artillerv Weapons Svscems, t967, Field Manual 6-141-1.CONFIDENTIAT

43. Air Force Systems Comand, Directorate of Armanent DevelopmentEgltn AFB, Fla., USAF, Chentcal and Blol,gelcal MunlElg_sCharacteristics (U), by E. R. Jayner L965, ATL TR 65'72,AD 366 824. SECRET

44. Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, Cal-tf., Comparison bf CS Bornbs (U),by A. B. Galloray and J. E. BaL1, 1968, Reg 4071-47-68.CONFIDEMIAL

I'NCT.H,SSIFIED

JCP{, DPG REGRADED UNCI-.ASSIFIED

T'NCI.ASSIFIED

REFERENCES CITED Contlnued

45. Dugray Proving Ground, Iltrgwalr, UEah, Data forDeslen TesE of Ehe Afu Dellby K. E. Moe, 5, Data Report 8537-2. {TNCLASSIFIED

46.operaE1onsResearchGroup,EdgewoodArsena1,Md.'I@by C. G. I{hltacre, L967,

ORG NoEe

47. Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood Arsenal, Md.'gelertEed qs Aerpegls on Human Skin, by A. Hellreich; R. H.

T. Welmer, Jan 1957, EATR4075, AD 809 485L. T'NCI,A,SSIFIED

48. Chemical l{arfare LaboraEories, A::my Chemlcal Center, Md.;Interlm Report of CS Expoeures lgPlant l{orkers, by M. B. Borers,E. J. Owens, and C. t. Funte, Jan 1960, CWL Technlcal Menorandum24.50. IJNCI.ASSIFIED

49. Punte, C. L., rrSooe Aspects of Partl.cle Slze Ln Aerosol StudiesrrrArmed Forces Ghemlcal Journal, L2228-32, 1958. UNCLASSIFIED

50. Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood Arsenal, Md.'on the Mask. Rlot 6): and the RlotConErol 8 (EL7

a I{. Crook, T. A. Ballard, E. J. Owens,and F. W. EATR 4153, AD 823 506L. TTNCTASSTFTED

51. Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood Arsenal, ud.'and CS2. I, by M. M. Demek, and oEhers, Feb 1968, EATR 4195'AD 823 506L. UNCIASSIFIED

52. Alr Force A:maraent Laboratory, Eglin Atr'B, Ftr,a.' *1a$!.15gg,1!DecontgnlnanE (SID) (U)r. by B. C. Wolverton, and oEhers,r'rir 195&, AFAf'-TR-68-37, AD 390 001-. CoNFTDENTTAL

B-5

CB

DeconEanlnaElon of CS

T'NCT^H,SSIFIED


I'NCT.^[SSIFIED

APPENDIX C

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPIIY

The AeroJet-General CorporaEion, Dolmey, Caltf. 90241

Tactlcal Incapacl-tattnq_MunlElon Studv (TIMS), by G. W. Rogers,30 Nov 1967, Report AC€-1192-01(03)MP, Concracr DA-AA15-68-C-0078,AD 825 OL4L. I]NCIASSIFIED

4,Feasibllltv Stjlqr on Non-HazardoJrs. guPmuntttons (U), Final Reporr,by Ttrurber H. Rayer, and ochere, Oct, 1965, Report ATL-TR-65-68,ConEracc AF08 (635)-4529, AD 366 538. COMIDEMIAL

Agent ProEotvpe lluntElon Disseminatlng Systems, by K. L. Harr'is,and others, 22 Dec L954, Quarcerl.y Progress ReporE 3, Contract DA-18-035-Ar{C-117(A), AD 453 2L2. TTNCTASSTFTED

Performance of the Brltlsh Cordite OperaEed Powder Dispenser ln theDlsseminatlon of Agent CS (U), by H. E. Wolfe, Sep 1965, Report

-rb-og-s-AMc-117(A), AD 36G 982.CONTIDEMIAL

ProEotvpe Munition DissemLnatlon Svstems (U), May Lg66, Report,0843-01(02)AP, conrracr DA-18-035-Al,Ic-117(A), AD 372 43O.CONFIDENTIAL

ProtoEvpe Munlt,ion DlssemLnaElon Svstems (U), by HaroLd E. I{olfe,31 May L967, Report 0843-01(03)FP, ConEract DA-18-035-AI-IC-117(A),AD 381 505L. COMIDENTIAL

Aggnt Prototvoe Munl-tjlgns DissemlnaElng Svsteme (U), by II. E. Wolfe,Dec 1966, Repore 0843-01(09)QP, ContracE DA-IE-035-AI.!C-117(A),LD 377 757. COMIDE|I{TIAL

8159 Rlot Control Cluster (U), Weapon Concept Report (U),{ JuneL966, Report 0886-05(Ol)SP, ContracE DA-18-035-AMC-273(A),AD 377 260. CONFIDEMIAT

Tactjlcal Incapacltating Mgnltlons Studv (TI}iS) (U), Oct L967 ,ReporE 0886-05(01)FP, ContracE DA-18-035-AI'1C-273(A), AD 385 841.CONFIDENTIAL

Alr Force Arrr,ament Laboratory, Egltn AIB, Florida, @.,1QEDecontgminant. by B. C. Wolverton, J. L. Stehn, and S. N. l'ferrlll,l'lar 1958, AFATL-!R-68-27, AD 829 L87. UNCIASSTTIED

c-1

TTNCI..H,SSIEIED

JCp{, Dpc REGRADED UNGLASSIF|ED .

T'NCI.H,SSIFIED

SELECTED BIBLIOGMPHY Continued

Air Proving Ground Cenler, Eglin AFB, Florida

!tsslcal atla= cnFrl ,Simulants (U), by Gary M. crann, tqov 1964,@AD 356 869. SECRET

ggel-lll €LuraFge Tesr of ,rhe CBU-l9/A RioL Conrrol Cs clusEer,by Bruce F. Eakle, DeC .IINCI.ASSIFIED

Figld,a+d Wlnd Tunnel Sampllne and Assav of CS, by cary M. Grann,July 1967, Apcc-TR-67-79, AD 817 993- uncressrmno

atibilt st of the CBU-7/A Flnned BLU-lCBomb byAnthony M. CarI]NCI,ASSIFIED

t, Sep L967, ReporE -TR-67-111, AD 821 913.

Conpatlbllity Tests of rhe I'fJ"U-321899. CBV-2418. CBU-

ll-nned Btu-lc/B (cs rtlladr- tru(SEEK EAGLE\, by Frank U. fayson, Ocr feOZ3eCC-tn-SZ-AD 822 639. IJNCI.ASSIFIED

Feaslblll.tv T:est of CS Dispensers (U), by Bruce F. Eak1e, Feb 1968,APcc-TR-58-!2, AD 388 030, coNFrDH{TrAL

Disseminatl-on(u), by J, I{.Carpenter, R. L. ne" Report ER 4272,AD 374 867. COMIDEMiJL

Army Arctic Test CenEer, Fort GreeLy, Alaska, ServLce Test ofEeslicltatiol Device foF Field Protective t'tasks_gnder AicEtc WtnrerCondlEions, by l{ray E. BradlCy, 14-M10lL. I'NCLASSIFIED

Arrny cheurical Research & Development Laboratorles, Ar*y chemicalCenEer, Maryland

Tox.icologic St.udies on o-Chlorobenzvlidene Malononitrile, by CharLesL. Punte, and oEhers, L2 Jan 1961. IINCLASSIFIED

The ToxicoLogv_of CN._CS. & DM, Sep L965, AD 815 Z4ZL. I'NCLASSIFIED

The Caus Ehe io1 esi Anesthetizedures to an Richard L. Farrand,

AD . UNCLASSIFIED

c-2

CSI Fil-led) with Aircraft SEEK EAGLE

Aircraft Armaments, Inc., Cockeysvllle, Maryland,

Jan 1.961, CRDLR

TTNCT.TTSSIF:IED


T'NCT.ASSIFIED

SELECTED BISLIOGRAPIIY Conrinued

ffTirfff tl:Xl r}t""""a"rch

& Devel opment Laboratorle s, A rmv chenr ca l cenrer,

, by Glyde D. Barbaut and Joseph D.Hunn, Dec 1960, CRDLR 3045, AD 249 007. ttNclassrFrED

The Effec.t pf BZ and cs 4298 on stlnulqred cerebral cortex'n ",June 1965, CRDLR 3288;E-361 g39. coMrDENrrAL

lla Prellnl lc-Pharmacolitatl Es 245. SN U)'on

An Vansted

I{al, Jr., Sep L962, CRDLR 3L47. CONf fOgSTIAt

Inhtb ofa c t{cB ononi Bertram Sacktor and Ar

R. Diek, 5, CRDLR , aD 365 740. CONFTDENTTAL

tual n-Laver c Approach to chedentifLc of Chemlcal , by Ackllle SLlvers

Dec 1965, CRDLR 3343, CONFIDENTIAL

Lluv Data of tallic and Nonroetallic MaEerials wLchieat and other e ,bY

Lyem, Dec 1955, GRDL Special pu tlon,tsI5 367 9A2.

CONFIDENTIAT

Note on on of Ehe otective MaskParcic by Edmund J. Owens and Wtt llam E. Htckman,ltlat L962, Tec cal Memorandum 24-63. UNCLASSIFIED

c-3

Fea8gns 4s+qeP-js fgf Dellvery- pnd olseenlnarlon of Ag.rt CS qg;,oy Howard r. carroll and Murell J. Bessey, De-c-f65,-EnDE-3342,AD 359 L78L. COMIDENTIA], r

Fggrylgqinst qhemfcal Weap (U), by BenJanin Wtrren andBernard Berget, Feb 1961,-cnor. special PublicaEton 4-25. coNFIDm.ITIaL

Non-Lethal .4'gentr__tor_,DeqlaL of Terratn in Lirolted warfaresltuarlons .(u), by renSarn@Dl Technic*I.Memorandum L-15, AD 367 266. CONFIDENTIAL

Humag-Eactors Evaluatlon of Ehe 824 cs MuniEion, by John I{. Lewis,oct 1965, CRDL Technical uenora@ sso. uNcr.AssIFrED

CS AeCRDL

T'NCT.}TSSIHED


T'NCT.BSSIFIED

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPI{Y Continued

Arny Chernlcal Research & Development Laboratorlea, Army Chernlcal Center,Maryland Continued

arlous aAgents , Field Tests 2452 Eh:u 1, and U)' sa I{.Peverly and Frederlck L. Horning,Memorandum 33-42. COMIDEMIAL

14 Mar L962, CRDL Technical

,byCharles L. Punte and Edntrnd J. Owens, July 1960, CRLD TechntcalMemorandum 24-4L. TTNCIASSIFIED

Prelfuni Studles on the avinetrlc of1729. CS

EA L476. EA 22 ecc.) (U), by Sanuel Sass9 Dec 1963, Technlcal Memorandun 62-1. COMIDEMIAT

Detection Aspects of TactLcal IncapacltaElng MunLtlon (TIM) (U),by Robert M Garnson, 31 May 1963, CRDL Technlcal Memorandum 72-7.CONFIDENTIAL

Field and Wind TunneL Tests of CS F111 low andL 3l8ll g. (U), by Michael R. l'1111er, Jan 1

CRDL lca Memorandum 82-10, AD 360 301. COMIDENTIAL

A Theoretlcal of the Area Cover the -13

MemorandumDon Canp

83-8,11AD

and John362 383.

CONFIDENTIAL

Medlcql Aspects of Chenigal Warfare, by Bernard P. McNanara,25 Apr 1960, CRDL 100-7. TTNCLASSIFIED

Army LlniEed War LaboraEory, Aberdeen Proving'Ground, Md., asibLle Bomblet Dlspenser SYstem to

CS ln.,CouFtertnsurgencv Operatlons (U), by Donald 0. Egner and DonaldCarnpbelL, July 1967, Report L![t-T!{-67-02, AD 382 658L. COMIDENTIAL

Analvsis of a nce Teet of Car 40 rttttr: and

, Muriel Ewlng, Nov 5, TechNote ,4D37 . CONFIDENTIAT

Booz-A11enApp11edResearch,Inc.,Bethesda,Md.,@and Plannlng Task 1. Assumptlve Study and Technlcal DevelopnenE PIanSectlon III for Che Crnyts Air Dellvered tactical C.S Yurltllgn (U),b , June L966, RePorE 803-3-t', ContractDA-18-035-Al'{C-7344, AD 373 876. COMTDENTTAT

' c-4

BalllsEic Research Laboratories, Aberdeen Proving Ground' Ud. '

TINCT.TISSIFIED


TINCT.ASSIFIED

SELECTED BIBLI0GRAfUY Continued

Chemical Corps Advlsory Council DlssemlnaLlon and Field Testlngcormittee, Army chemicar cenler, l,td., Meeting of the Dlssemlnatlon?nd Fleld Testlng Co@lttee (U), U.S. Ar4r ChemicAl Co;F;-IELsory Council,25-29 April 1960, ac Dugway Provlng Ground, Dugway, Utah, Oct 1960.SECRET

chenical corps Board, Army chentcal ceuter, Md., chemLcal imd Blologlcalyateriel characgerisutcs. Blue Forces (u), 1 Dec Tffiffirperlod 1965-1970, CCB Report I-62, AD 504 655L. SECRET

Chemical Defence Experfunental Establlshment, PorEon Down, Sallsbury,WtlEs, England (U.K.)

A Comparison of CS and T2806 as IncapaciEatins Asents ln a+'ieldFiring Exercise (U), 7 l"lay L966, Porton Progranrne 2L/66,pi=oJeEE_ZsE73,--AD 396 8G5. coNFTDEMTAL

Sone Experiments on the Grorth of Tolerance Eo CS (U), by J. N.Banfield, W. A. BurneEt,, and S. Callaway, PorEon Technical Paper903, AD 352 873L. COMTDm{TrAL

The AcEion of Sensorv lrrlEants on the Sense Organs of Ehe Corneaand Larvnx (U), by P, Dlrnhuber, D. M. Green, and R. Tregear,7 Aug L964, Porton Technical Paper 907, AD 356 7L6L. COMIDET{TIAI

Cla.ssifisd Tijtl,e, by J. Battensby and D. V. SLnklnsonr 2T Nov 1967,Porton Teeh Paper 894, AD 398 284. CONFIDEMIAI

Chbnical Warfare Laboratories, Army ChemLcal Center, Md.

Breathing Patterns DurLng Human Exposure to CS, by F. N. Craig,W. V. Blevlns, and E. G. Cumlngs, June 1950, CIILR 2399.TINCI.ASSIFIED

The Effectiveness of CS Aerog_ols Dlspersed bv Several Svstseas.Against Vehlcle Drlvers, by Edmond J. Owens, Malcol-m B. Bowers,and Charles L. Punrer Feb 1960, CWL Special PublicaCion 2-27.IJNCI.ASSIFIED

A Svnopsls of the Reeearc.h Progran on Skin Penetration (U), byBernard P. McNanara, John G. Callahan, and Frank J. Vacci, June1960, G'I{L Technical Memorandtrm 24-48. CONFIDEMIAL

The Comparatl.ve Effectivenesg of One and Sl-xEv Micron CS Aeroeoleg@, by Edmrnd J. Grens, Donald PranEy and Dale A. Larnbersan,June 1960, Cli'L Teihnlcal Memorandtrm 27-49. IINCIASSIFIED

c-5

T'NCT.ASSIEIED


T'NCIJTSSIIFIED

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ConElnued

Chenical Warfare Laboratorles, Army Chemlcal CenEer, Md., I&LSlg3LEffecEtveness of EA177.9, by Dorothy U. I{ard, 15 Oct 1958, CI{L TechnlcalMemorandum 47-4. UNCIASSIFIED

Defence Research EscabllshmenE, Suffleld, Ralston, Alberta, Canada,Classifled_Title-, by H. D. Madi11, 31 OcE L967, Memorandum 7167,ffiIDENTIAL

Dugway Provlng Ground, Dug3ray, Utatr

Engineerlng Test of Cartrldge. 40 m. CS. 820R3 (U), by Douglas P.Allcock, May 1967, DPG R E522, AD 382 410L. COMIDEMIAL

Feasibllltv Test of the 844 C8 Sprav Tank on 0V-1 Moharpk Alrcraft, =August 1966, Datll ReporE C679. ITNCLASSIFIED

Enelneertns Desiqn TesE of Launcher. E8. Tactlcal CS Munltlon..Dec 1965, DPG Data Report E601A. ITNCLASSIFIED

E751A - Chem-Engineer Desl.gn Test of Fuze and Bureter. Bomb.XM920 (U), 17 .luly L967, DPG Letter Report E751A, DPc 67-L478.CONFIDENTIAL

Englneer Design Test of Fgze and BursEer. Bonb. XM920, Sep L967,DPc Letter ReporE E761B - Eng. TTNCLASSIFIED

Englneering DesLgn Test of Fuze and Burster Bomb. XM920. CoveringTrlale 1 through 26, Oct L967, DPc Letter Report E751C. IINCIASSIFIED

EC76LC - Chem-Engineer Deslgn Test pf Fuze and Burster. Bmb.XM920 (U), 1 Nov 1967, DPG LeEter ReporE EC761C, DPG 67-2089.CONFIDENTIAL

G'[f 481. Aero 148 Irritant_Gas Spray Trlals, Sep L960, DPG

Trial Record 285. I'NCLASSIFIED

Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood Arsenal, Md.

te of CS. and cs- andCS-DU Concentr wlth nt of att on

IncapacLtaEed and Tl.ne tq Incapacitatlon, t25 Aug L966, The Human EsEimates Cormlttee,

BeRe

ResearchP. McNanara,Laboratories,

Edgewood Arsenal. LINCLASSIFIED

c-6

T'NCI.ASSIFIED

JGP{, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED

T'NCI.ASSIHIED

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPIIY Continued

Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood Arsenal, Md. Continued

AClIV. o-Chl Gr

G. E. Striker, and others, JanTINCI,ASSIFIED

7, EATR 407L, AD 802 723L.

Cllnlc lc Studv of the EffecEs of Rlot conErolntrationg

o-Ch lidene MalononitrLleG. E. SEriker, 16, Jan t967, EATR 4072, AD 808 73LL.t,NCI,ASSIFIED

Evaluation of Scandardized Rlot Control Agents ln Tunnel Derd.alRole (U), by Joseph P, SansonetcL, Eluer H. Enggulat, and AbrahaoKoblln, l{ay 1967, EATR 4098, AD 381 .457L. COMIDENTIAL

An InvestleatLon of the Rates of ReacClon of Benz'amalononltriles 4!docher Irrltante wlth 2-Diethvlamiqoethvl Mercaqtan (DEAEM).

- PotenE

EvaluaEion of Atr Drop Cluster TesEs, 19 Nov L964, Field EvaluaElonDl.vLslon, Assessment Report 15. ITNCIASSIFIED

Wl.nd tunnel Teets of E49 CanleEer Fllled CS, 6 Jan L969, FleldEvaluaEion Dlvlslon, Aesessment ReporE 16. ITNCI"ASSIFIED

I{lnd Tupnel Tests of an 820R1 catrlsEer Fllled Granulated cS1 Apr 1965, Fteld Evaluatton Dlvislon, Assessment Report 2L.T'NCI.ASSIFIED

Modlflcatlon of the MARS Gas turblne for Use in Tunnel Denlal and

EASP 100-9, AD 801 112. ITNSL,ASSTFIED

Ocl 1957, EASP 600-1,

ryrotechnic thernal @neraElon: . CS Mlxtures' by Woodrotr W. Reavesand Jullus B. Mlller, Nov L966, EAII{ 241-2, AD 801 856. UNCLASSIFIED

Eva.LuaEion of .Sugar Based Svrups and Polymers as Fuels in Pvro-technl.c SvsEemg, by Valdls A. Augstkalns and JulLus Mlller,l4ay L967, EATM 24L-8, AD 815 815. ITNCIASSIFIED

c-7

Po

I'NCI.JTSSIFIED


T'NCI;H,SSIHED

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPIIY Contlnued

Edgewood Arsenal, Edgewood Arsenal, Md. Continued

Ef.fgct of Rain on GB Vapor and GS Aerosol Clouds (U),Koblln and Theresa Peverley, Feb 19071-ffi-44f;1, eOCONFIDENTIAL

by Abratranr379 526L.

Investigation of Tunnel Denial Countermeasures (U), by Alfonso G.Wright and Abrahan Koblin, Dec L967, EAnf 441-11, AD 386 044L.CONFIDElmIAL

First Field Force, VieEnam Chenical Sectlon, DefollaElon. CropDes truc t and Riot Control s Tactlcal Zone

of Vietnarq (U), 3 Oct , Report No. t4l-86. SECRET

Grace, (W. R.) & Cmpany, Clarksvllle, Md.

Chemi.cal Agent Suspensions (U), by M. Rock, E. I{. Lard, and E. E.Slatly, 29 Aug 67, Report RES 67-46, Contract DAAA15-67-C-0059,AD 383 749. COMIDENTIAL

CorrosLon. Compatibllity, and oEher Phvslochemlcal Studles (U),by M. E. Brooks, J. A. Cogliano, and G. L, Brande, 6 May L967,Report RES 64-49, Contract DA18-108-CML-6602A, AD 350 755. SECRET

Honeyrell, Inc., Hopki.ns, MLnn., Non-Ilazardous Bomblet (U), by R. H.Burg, Nov 1965, Report ATL TR 65-73, Contract Af 08(635)-4943,AD 366 971. CONFIDEMIAL

ILlinois InsEiEute of Technology, Chicago, Illlnois

Dissenination of Compacted. Solld Asents (U), by Donald K. Werle,July 1967, Report C6103-3, DAAA-lS-67-C-0281, AD 382 660.CONFIDEI{TIAL

Dl.sseminatlon of Conpac.ted Solld AeenEs (U), by Donald K, Werle,Sep 1952, Report C6103-6, DAA-15-67-C-O28L, AD 384 049. CoNFIDENTIAL

K-9 Training Agency, Hyde, Md.,DeEection, by L. I{ilson Davis, I Aug 1961-20 Jul 1962, Final Report,Contract DA-18-108-cn1-6607, AD 284 5L4. IINCIASSIFIED

Lehlgh UniversiEy, Center for Surface and Coatings Research,Bechlehen, Pd., Determinalion of thq Furface @E$gI, by A. c. rogtessReport 3, ConEract DAAA 15-58-C-0005. ITNCLASSIFIED

c-8

T'NCT.ASSIF:IED


ITNCI.ASSIHED

SELECTED BIBLIOG?A?IIY Contlnued

MB Aseociates, San R.amon, Calif .,System Capability Analysls and Flnal Comrehenslve ReporE, byFritzler, Robert C. l.lawhlnuey and Gerald M. PJerrou, Oct 1966,

Gary L.Report

5 (Final Conprehensive Report), Contract DA-18-035-AI'{C-709(A),AD 801 034. I'NCI,ASSIFIED

Monsanto Research Corporatl.on, Dayton, Ohlo

InvegtLgatlon of the Solubllltv of Solids ln Gases at HlghPressure (U), by R. C. Binnlng, W. H. Hedley and t. E. Halboke,July 1967, Report 4503-7, Contract DA-18-0350-Al,fC-036(A),AD 382 680. COMIDENTIAL

SinEerlng of Organic Powders, by R. C. Blnntng and othere, Iiiar'1958,r*tRc 4503-9, conEracr DA-18-035-AMC-136(A), AD 829 046. I'NSIASSTFTED

Use of Foams ln Tunnel Dental SvsEene (U), by I. O. Salyer andcr DAAi L5-67-c-024L,

. AD 387 4L7. CONFIDEMIAL

Naval l{eapons Laboratory, Dahlgren, Va., ,Section I: BCW Agents (U), by Nancy Moore, I June 1963, t{A\[email protected] Unlverslty, ICR, Philadelphia, Pa.

The Developnent an4 Use of Blolosical and Chenlcal Weapons (U),Volume I Orl.entatlon (U), by C. T. Van Meter, K. A. Krleger, andP. R. C1eveland, July L964, Report SU64SR41, U.S. Arms Concrol andDisarmament Agency, Wash., D. C., Conlract DA-18-064-eaL-2757,AD 3s4 803L. SECRET

The Ileleloprent and Use of Bloloslcal and Chenlcgl l{eapone (U),Voh.me II: Technlcal Data (U), by C. G. Van Mecer, K. A. Krleger,and P. R. Cleveland, July L964, Report SU64SR42, U.S. Armg Controland DlearmanenE Agency, Wash., D. C., Contract DA-18-064-cmL-2757,AD 354 804L. SECRET

The Dev_elopnent and Use of Bloloelcal and Cbenlcal Weapons (U) 'Volume III. Effects Comutatlons (U), by P. R. Cleveland, K. A.Krieger, and C. T. Van l{eter, July 1954, Report, SU64SR43, U.S.Arms Gontrol and DLsarmanent Agency, Wash., D. C., ConEractDA-18-064-cmL-2757, AD 354 805. SECRET

Penosyl.vania University, Duhrtng Laboratories, Phlladelphla, Pa.'Halmesburv Priso3, by A. M. KLtguan, 30 Norr L967, Monthly ProgressReporE, Contract DA-18-035-AUC-126(A). UNCIASSIFIED -- -

e-9

IINCI.H,SSIFIED

JCPI, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED

I'NCUTSSIFIED

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPI{Y Continued

Pittsburgh Universlty Research Staff, I{ash., D. C.

40 lm CS Cartridse XM651E1 (U), Nov L967, Interlm Reporc 36.1.1.11.,ContracE DA-49-186-AUC-214(D), AD 386 206. COMIDEMIAT

ENSUBE lgqcedure CS Munltlong (U), .lan 1968, Interim RePorc TIR-efuc-zta1D), AD 388 794L.

CONFIDENTIAL

Tagt{cal CS Ceqi.qter Cluster, XM165 (U), Jan 1968, Interim Reportc-2L4, AD 387 49OL.

CONFIDENTIAL

Plannlng Research Corporation, Los Angeles, Calif., Survey and Analysls:of ProspecEs for C-B Research and DevelopmenE (U), @ (U),15 July 1961, PRC R-175, Vol L, Contract DA-18-054-cm1-274L, AD 327532. SECRET

Survey and Analvslg of Proaoects for C-B Research and DeveloPnent (U)Volume 2 (U), 15 July 1961, PRC R-175, Vol. 2, AD 327 533. SECRET

Rlker LaboraLories, Los Angeles, Callf.,ln Liquified Propellant_s (U), by Janes G. Young, Charles G. Thiel and

ar 1965, Final Reporc, Contract DA 18-405-cm1-845, AD 358 476. CONFIDENTIAL

SouEhwesE Research Institute, San AntonLo, Texas, Decontamlnatloa rillEhFire Fighting Equioment, by G. E. Comerford and others, SeP L967'Report AFATT-TR-67-108, Air Force Armament Laboratory, Eg1ln Air ForceBase, Florida, Contract Af08(635)-57LL, AD 825 27O. TNCLASSIFIED

Special Air Warfare Center, Eglin AFB, Florida, @Evalugtlon of the CBU-l9/A Dispenser (U), Project PIN POINT, byRoberE S. Fagg, Jr., Jan L967, TAC Test 66-36, Flnal ReporE,AD 379 582L. SECRET

SEanfordResearchInst1Eute,MentoPark,Ca11f.,@AerosoL Behavior of llydrophobic Porders, by D. E. Blake and othets,

rslnal, Md., Contract DAAAI5-68-c-0099, LD 826 3LZ. IrNgr,ASSrFlED

Suffield Experimenral Staulon, Ralston, Alberta, Canada' Eggg-&g$of CS on the Tongue Ln Man, by H. Currie, L. T. Chenler and W. C.SCewarc, 31-cc L963; Technical Paper 286, AD 429 457. TTNCLASSIFIED

Tactlcal Air Warfare Center, Eglin AFB, Florida, OT&E BLU-52/BChemical Bomb (U), by Ronald R. Barber, Nov L967, TAC TesE 67-LL,AD 387 061T.. SECRET

-c-10

T'NCI.ASSIFIED


I'Nffi

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPIIY Contlnued

FlfEeenth Trlparcite Conference on Toxicologlcal Warfare, U.S. ProRressReport on GTI Appllcatlone (u), July 1960, Report prepared by chenicalResearch & Ilevelopment Laboratorles and Dugway Prorrlng Ground. SECRET

Slxteenth Trlpartlte CBR Conference, Otcana, Canada, Trloar-tite Conf€relc€ -

-

of 15th TrLpartltenLs on Concluelone and Actlons onerence (U), L962, Report TC 16-1. ECRET

SevenEeenEh Quadripartlte CBR Co'nference, Edgewood Arsenal,on CI| Appltcatlons DLecusslon Group Meetl Held at

of the l'Ieet

Vltro Corporatldn of Amerlca, Vltro Servlcee DLv,SamplLng and Assav of CS, by C. Glover and JarmeAPGC-TR-67-64, Contract AI' 08 (635) 5150, AD 815

SECRET

8g11n AEB, Florlda,Ilinton, June 1967,858. T]NCIASSIFIED

c-11

I'NCT.H,SSIFIED

JCP-I, DPG REGRADED UNGLASSTFIED '

I'NCT.ASSIFIED

GLOSSARY

Aerosol A llquld or solld, comprlsed of finely dtvidedpartlcles, suspended ln a gaaeous medlum.Exanples of co'rrnon aerosols are mlsE, fog, andsmoke. Aerosols usuaLly are not vLelble.

Agent See Chemlcal Agent.

AgglomeraEion Tendency of bulk agent to gaEher lnto a ballor me88.

AGL

Airburst

Attenuation

Above ground level.

An exploslon of a bonb or proJecELle above thesurface, as dLstlngulshed from an explosLoa cincontacL wlEh the surface of after penetraElon.

To weaken or dLlute

Blepharospasm Spaern or fluEtering of eyelld.I

BombleE A small bomb whLch weLghs not more than a fewpounds.

CasualEy, A person who has been gufficLently affected by aChemical Agenc chemlcal agent to die or requlre evacuation or

one who suffers a marked loss of effectlveness inperforming hls mllitary dutLes for a slgnlficantperl-od of tine.

canalizaEron ::,:::i'::'.::ili:l:l"J:.:"1::':: ii"irll ",bombing.

Chemical Agent A solid, llquld, or gas which, through ltschemlcal properties, produces lethal cr damagingeffects on man, animals, planEs' or materlal, orproduces a ecreenlng or slgnaltng smoke.

Chemical Defense Defense agal-nst chemlcal operaElons.

ChemicaL MunLtl.on A type of mtrnLElon, the ftller of whlch is achemicaL agent (toxlc chemical agent), Erainingand riot control agent, a smoke' or an incendiary.

Chemical Operations Employment of chemlcal agenEs to produce casual-El.es ln man, damage to plants or materlals, or

. to make hazardous the occupaElon of certaLg areas'or defense agalnst such enploJZmenE

GLOSSARY 1

T'NCT.ASSIHED

JCPJ, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED '

TINCI.ASSITIED

GLOSSARY ConEinued

chemlcal weapons An inEegraEed relaEionship of chemical agenEs,System munitlons or spraying devices and carrler

vehicles allned Eo conduct chemical operations.

circular Error The angLe between the aim trajectory and thoseAngle (cEA) municions trajecEories whlch form a circle on a

plane perpendicular to the aim ErajecLory suchChat 50 percenE of the nrunittons trajectoriesintersect Ehe plane wlthin che clrcle.

Circular Error An'tndicator of Ehe accuracy of a misslle/pro-Probable (CEP) jectile, used as a factor in deternining probable

damages to a target. IE ls the radius of acircle within which half of the mlssiles/proJec-

=tiles are expecEed to fal1.

ClusEer Bornbs A group of bombs reLeased togeEher and separateddurLng descent,.

Ctuster Bonb A weapon system consistlng of a dispenser andUniversal (CBU) bomblet payloads.

ConcentraEion The anounE of chemical agenE present in a unitvolume of aLr. Usually expressed ln mitligramsper cubic meter (rng/ng).

Confldence InEerval An interval within which a glven populaEionparaneter is estimaEed to lle wiEh someprespecified confidence probability.

Conjunctlvitis Inflamnatlon of the mucous membrane covering theeyebal1.

ConstricEton Usually refers Eo fightness of the chest afterexposure Eo chemical agent,s

Contaminated Having been ln conEact wiEh chenical agent,usually to the degree of producing a hazaxd,belng unlnhabitabLe, or unuseabLe.

ConEaninat,ion The presence of a toxic chemical on a person,object or area. ConEanination density isusually expressed in ng/mp or pounds per hect,are.

CorrelaEion Systematic relaEion of iLems so thaE one directlyinplies the oEher.

GIOSSARY 2

TINCI.ASSIFIED


CraEer

CuEaneous

DecmposLtion

DecontnnLnation

Delivery Error

DLssemlnation

Dosage

Dyspnea

Efflclency(Dissemlnatlon)

Enpirlcal

Erythema

ExtrapolaELon

Ft1l Wetght

rc%o

Incapacltate

Indlcated Alrspeed(rAs)

TINCI.H,SSIFIED

GLOSSARY Contlnued

The excavation, pit or caviEy ln a Carget,surface caused by elEher an explosive or thelmpact of a proJectile.

Pertalnlng to the skin.

The chemical breakdown of a chemical agent.

The procesg of naklng any person, object or areasafe by absorblng, destroying, neutraLizatlon,maklng harmless or removlng chemical agents.

The Lnaccuracy associated hrith a glven rreaponsystem resulEing in a dispersion of shots=aboutthe almlng polnt.

The process or rreans of dlstributing agent, i.e.,explosive, spray, bu1k, etc.

The producE of Ehe concentration of chemicalagent ln the aEmosphere and Ehe time of expoeureusually expressed in ng nin/rog.

Dlfficult or labored respiration.

The percent of munlElon fill whlch is dLssemi-nated ln effectLve form, elther airborne ordepos lted.

Based on experinental observation or experiencerather than on theory.

Abnormal redness of the skln, inflarnmatlon.

To proJect beyorrd an observed inEervaL.

Anount of agent contained Ln a rauniElon.

The dosage, or concehtraEion time product, EhaEwlll lncapacl.tate 50 percenE cif an exposedpopulatlon.

To render individuals lncapable of concerEedeffort in Ehe performance of thelr assigneddutles.

The atrspeed shown by an alrspeed lndicato; fnknoEa.

GLOSSARY 3

T'NCT.TTSSIFIED

InhalaEion

Interdict

InEervalometer

InEraocular

Inversion

Lacrimation

LG%o

Mass MedianDiameter (rmd)

m3

ng

Micron

ni1

Model


T'NCIJ$,SSIFIED

GLOSSARY Continued

breathe or draw inEo the lungs.

prevent or hinder, by any means, eneny usean area or rouEe.

Device installed in an aircraft dropping airdelivery contalners from bornb racks Eo insurethat these contalners are,released aE regular,preplanned Lntervals.

Wlthin the eyes or eyeballs--usually perEainingEo Lntraocular effecEs such as lacrimaEion,blepharospasm, etc.

Conditlon of maxtmum alr sEabillty in which Eheair in conEact wlth Ehe ground is cooler thanEhaE imediateLy above. There Ls no convecELon.

Tearlng, or copious flow of liqutd from the eyesas a result of exposure to riot control agent,.

The dosage or concenEration Eime product EhaEwill resulE 1n deaEh co 50 percenE of an exposedpopulaEion.

The diameter at the 50 percent point on a plotof cumulative percent mass versus diameter; 50percent of the mass ls due Eo ParEicles largerand 50 percenE is due to particles smaller.

Cublc meLer.

MiL1-igram

UniE of length, one thousandth of one mlll.iroeter.-

Unit of neasurement for angles based on the anglesubtended by L{64OO of the circumference of acircle. A mil ls the angle subtended by one unicaE one thousand unils.

A sysEem of postulates' data' or inferencespresented as a maEhemaEical description of anentiEy or state of affairs.

An arbitrary constant or a variable in amaEhemat,ical expressLon, which discinguishesvarious specifi- cases

GI.OSSARY 4

To

Toof

PatprneEer

t'NCI.ASSIHED


Particle SlzeDlstributlon

PersisEency

Probit Curve

Probic SLope

Purl.ty

Pyrocechnic Device

Rlot Control AgenE

Source Geometry

Source StrengEh

Tlme of Response

Transfer Model

T'NCT.H,SSIFIED

GLOSSARY Gontinued

The dietrlbution of partlcles sizes of agentpartLculstes making up an agent aerosol or cloud.

An expresslon of Ehe duraEion of effectiveness ofa chenical agenE. Thls ls dependent on physlcaland chemical propertlee of the agent,, weather,nethods of dLssenl.nation, and condLtlons of terraln.rrPersLetentrr and [nonperslslentrr should not beused to denote classes of chemlcal agents.

Ltne or regression cur:rre relatlng normaldevl.ates or probits to dosage.

Slope or raEe of change of problt curve estiftatedas Llo.

Amount of pure agent fill expressed as apercentage of Eotal agent f111.

DevLce or munlEion for Crisseminating chemicalagenE by Ehe generatlon of an aerosol cloud byEhe burning of a pyroEechnic mlxture contalningagent.

An agent EhaE produces only a temporary irrltatlngor incapacitating effecE when used in fteldconcenttatlons.

The physical dinensions of the agent, sourcecloud.

The amounc of pure agenE available in a munltlonat Ehe tlme of disseminaE,lon. Usually desig-nated Q and expressed in gremo

Tine delay beEween exposute Eo chemical agentand fksc lndlcatlon of response ot effects ofEhe agent

A nodel for estlmatlni agenL €ffectlveness andwhose co'nponents lnclude agent transport(alrborne and ground cont,aminaElon) aEtenuatlonand secondary aerosolization.

A component of the transfer model which descrlbesthe unattenuated Eravel and diffusion of agenEfrom the nunitLon source Eo personnel or - -surface receptlon polnts. '

GIOSSARY 5

Transporc Model

I'NCT.ASSIFIED

JCP{, DPG REGRADED UNGLASSIFIED '

T'NCI.ASSIHED

GLOSSARY ConElnued

Traversal To cross an agent conEamlnated plot or 8rea.Traversals usualLy perEaln to terraln denlalexperlmenEs.

GT,OSSARY 6

{

t'Nffi

I


TINCT.ASSIHED

INDEX

Paraeraph TableSub lecE

AerogeLAerosolAgent Recovery

AlrborneRecovery...

ARCHONAreaCoverage...AreaDosage.. . ,..

AEtenuaElon . . .Bonb. BLU-52/B . .. .

Flgure Psge

aaaa aaao

4-L2

,

a. 2-25-2b

4-3c(2)5-2

4-3c(2)

5-2b5-2e5-2b

5-3

4-3c5-2c

aa

5-10 . .

2-L5-44-105-14-L6

4-2L5-25-156-46-85-194-105-L26-14-22

5-LZ6-14-215- 166-56-85-234-LO5-L2

5-75-1

s-L25-45-9'5-24

4-105-L24-22s-15

. 6-4

BLU-52A/8...... 4-3c5-2c

6-2a(2)

uKz0 4-3c5-2c6-2a

t'r-77 4-3c5'2q6-2a

4-3c5-2c

. . . 5-1

5-15-86-16-2

5-106-16-2

aaaaaa

aaaaaaaa

4-2t5-96-1

5-11aaaoaaaa

aaataao.

aaaa"

4-20....

5-224-10

aa

5-L2

. a . a tl

INDEX 1

Xlt920Drun .. '.

T'NCI.ASSIHED

JCP.I, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSTFIED

T'NCIA.SSIFIED

INDEX ConLinued

Paragraph TableSub iect

Bomb Contlnued)G{920 Drum .

:

XM925 Drum .

Bulk .

CarEridgeF,23

E.49

4.2 Inch

40m

105 sm

155 rm

CasualtycBu-19/A

Figure

4-185-66-L

aa

aa

5-1...5-6 .

taaaaa

5-65-7...

aaaa

aaaaaa

4-L2

aa 4-3c5-2c

4-3a4-3c

5-2b(4)8-23

4-3c(2)5-2b

4-3e(2)

4-3c(2)

4-3c(2)

4-3c(2)

7-2

5-2b6-2a

Page

4-ZO5-146-45-35-L74-105-L25-t45-184-74- 105-L28-24-L5

aaa

4-76-1

6-Lla4-s6-1

4-105-44-L35-94-10s-44-L45-94-104-L36-24-106-24-104-L26-Z4-LO

5-85-46-16-2

E.

aaaa

aaaa

a.aaaaE'J-J .

aaaa

a.

aa

aaaoa.

' i-a6-L

6-4

aaaaa.o

. a a a t a,

aaoa

aa.aaa

aaa

aaa_aa

...ro.4-L2.r6-2

7-Laaaaa.

INDEX 2

cBU-30/A aa

TTNCI.ASSIFIED

JCP{, DPG REGRADED UNCISSSIFIED

T'Nffi

IIIDEX Contlnued

Paragraph TableSub lect

CEA. ...... 6-2a(2)(a)csP . . . . . 6-2a(2)(b)CharaccerLstics 4-2b

Chemical ProperEies . 2-3

2-23-2d4-2c5-2c8-2e7-45-2a8-2e

2-2

2-22-2

3'2e7 -3c5-3c

4-2b(3)3-4

a

CounEermeasureCraEer

CmposltLon .CoucentratLonconEnrnination

CS

csLcs2

Cutaneous

Decay........

DecomposLtion.....DeconEaminatlon . .

Figure

aaa.aa

4-L

.aa.

aoaa.a

q-l

7-L6-28-23

4-2c5-2c7-2.5-2b8-2f

4-3c5-2c

6-2b ( 1)

INDEX

PaFe

6-L6-64-L4-22-22-32-L3-24-35-t28-2

= 7-55-18-15-22-L2-32-L2-L7-73-67-45-245-304-2

5-L2

2-L

2-L

7-3

a'

aa

5-L2

7-27-3 aaaaa

7-77-77-L6-18-2

- 6-26-74-35-L27-L

Defense ModeLDell.very aa

\.6-1..

6-tDeposlElon

DeEectionDiffusion

Dispenser)O128 Bag

aaaa

5-25-3

5-48-25-75-7

4-10

.. t-

3

UNCT.N.SSIHED

JCPJ, DPG REGRADED UNCIASSIFIED .

T'NCT.H,SStrIED

II{DEX Contsinued

Paragraph Table Figure PaeeSub iecc

Dispenser ConglnuedXl'I28Bag.. "

DisperserV12. "

U3.""'

.ao

5-6

6-1.a

4-L5 - '4-L6 .

6-1

4-L75-56-t

4-L95-136-35-L7

4-106-34-104-184-186-34-104-246-34-104-246-34- 104-L74-L75-34-L4-74-s3 -133-L44- 105-56-95-105-56-96-105-56-96-104-105'Zt+6-L8-23-93-134-L

4-3c(2)

4-3c

!14 .

M5

u106

DissemlnaEion

Duration . .

E8 Launcher . '

E158

8159

Efficiencies .

Enclosures .Errors . .

EryEhema . .Eye EffectsExposure ResPonse

4-3c

4-3c

4-3c

4-L4-3

3-3

4-3b (2)s-2b (3)

s-2b (3)6-2b(2>

s -2b (3)6-zb(2)

4-3c(2)5-3a6-2a8-233-ZL3-34-2b

4-235-1

4-245-1

4-134-L46-1

4-L

3-5

aaa

6'55-4

6-6

6-6

.a

INDEX 4

TINCI.trSSIFIED


Sub i ect

Hand Grenadeu7A3/ru54

l,I25A2

HolLandts ModelHydrophobocityrcho . .

ImpacElon......Incapacl.Eation

4-106-1

Pace

4-105-44-L46-25-94-104-L56-25-44-10.3-63-7s-313-15-313-143-83 -113-L25-265-303-14-74-224-297-47-27-s4-32-22-52-64-95-327-4

Klckup

LCho.....Line Source

Mask

MolstureMunLttons

5-3d

3-2a4-3a

4-3c (4)

7 -3d7-3b7'4a

4-2c(L)2-32-4

5-6a7 -3c8-2k2-L3-2e

4-2c(2)4-3a4-3b7 -3b8-22

a.

aaaaa

.aaaaaoa

aaaa

" '2'-2

4-4Ocular . .

OperaEl.onalParticle Sl.ze .

aa

4-9.a

4-3-_

3-64-44-7

7-28-2ll-8

INDEX 5

I'NCT.RSSIFTED

INDEX ConElnued

Paragraph Table

4-3c(2)5-2b

4-3c(2)

s-2b(2) (b)4-3c (2)

3-2e

5-53-25-5

Fieure

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4-LL .5-1 . . . .

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3-5

5-13

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4-25aaaa.aoa

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IINCT.[SSIFIED


I'NCI.ASSIFIED

INDEX Continued

Subiect

Persistency

PhoEophoblaPhysical. Propertles .

PlckupPoint/Volume

Precipitation .Propertiee .

Protect,ionPurity

Pyrotechnlc .

Respiratory . . .Response

Retention . .

SafetySecondary..,...Severity . .Skin EffectsSkittering

SMARTSource

Table Figure

5-13 . .5-L4 . .

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4-25 . .

aa

4_L

Paragraph

s-3a(3)8-2h8-2L

3-32-3

5-54-3a

4-3e(2)

5-3b2-3

74A4-2b8-2a

5-2b8-2d8-2f

2-L

Page

5-248-28-25-255-283-132-22-3s-314-74-104-26s-242-22-37-4

a..aao

aa

4-2

5-2s-3

8-14-45-48-18-25-7s-7s-67-23-18-38-33-73-107-63-53-87-Z7-37-5

3-95-58-1.6- 104-t8-1

a.

5-27 -3b3-18-2k8-2L aa

3-23-47-L

7 -3b

7 -4c5-43-33-2L

5-2b(3)8'2c

6-2b (3)4-L8-2c

INDE (

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3-23-3

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IINCI.ASSIHED


TINCT.H,SSIFIED

INDEX Concinued

Paragraph TableSub'iect

Source GeomeErySource Strength

Storage

ao

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Flgure

4-25

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a.t

4-L4-24-34-44-s

Page

4-244-L04-264-L4-35-48-14-L4-L4-84-5

-=4:54-64-64-74-104-72-64-94-266-t 04-3L5-268-28-28-25-295-282-27-L3-23-6

--33-10

s-26s-283 -11_

3-L25-288-2s-245-24

-_

StabiltEy

StaEionary

4-3d4-3c

4-2b4-2c

5-2b(2)8-2d,4-L4-2

4-3c ( 1)4-3a

6-2b(3)4-2c(6)

5-3d8'2e8-2h8-2r

2-3a7 -3a3-2c3-2e

5-2a5-25-3d

8-2f5-3c5-Ja

4-3

sw-13ASystems

2-24-44-25

TECH TRACETemperature .Terrain Denial

Urban .VehicleWashout

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aa

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s-L2s-L4

Threat

ToLerance

Transpolt....TravelTraversals . . ,

oaoa

aa

"'j_i3-3

s -11

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3-1 3-4"'5-1.r 5-1

aaao

3-43-55-L4

INDEX 7

T'NCT.ASSIHED

JCP{, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED .

T'NCT.ISSIHED

INDEX ConEtnued

Paragraph Table Flgure PageSub lecE

XI'I28 Mask6-2b(2) .. .. 6-9

7-3d, 7-4

INDD( 8

o

.i:

'iiIt

.;.

;

h,I'NCI.H,SSIFIED

JGP{, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED '

T'NCI.ASSIFIED

DISTRIBUTION LIST

Addressee Nr.rnber of Coples

Offtce Secretary of DefenseDlrector, Weapons Systems Eval-uatlon GroupWashington D.C. 20305 1

Dlrector, Defenee Research & EngtneerlngATTN: AEslstant Dlrector for Chenical TechnologyWashlngton D.C. 2030L 1

Jolnt Chiefs of Staff, R&D DlvlslonATTN: Speclal ProJects Branch, J-5Washl.ngton D.C. 20301 1 -Conmandef ln Chief , U.S. Atragkan COntlandAPO SEA 98742 1

Conrrnander ln Chief , Atlantic' Norfolk, Vlrginia 2351L

Con'mander tn Chlef, U.S. European ConmandAPO N.Y. 09128

Counander ln Chief, PaclflcATTN: J3A4 StaffEPO San Francl-sco 9661-0 1

Contmander ln Chlef , Strateglc Air ComandATTN: SU 1

DOPLT 1Offutt Alr Force Base, Nebraska 58113

Chlef of Reeearch & DevelopmentDepartment of the AmyATTN: CRDNCB

Washl.ngton D.C. 20310 1

Assl.stant Chlef of Staff for Force DevelopmentDepartment of the AmyATTN: Dlrector, CBR & Nucl-ear OperatLonsWashl.ngton D.C. 20310 I

Conmandlng GeneralU.S. Arny Medical- Research & Development ComnandATTN: MEDDH-RNCWashl.ngton D.C. 20315 1

- -Dlstrlbution 1

TINCT.ASSIHED

JCP-I, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED '

T'NCT.ASSIHED

Addressee Number of Coples

Offlcer ln ChargeNaval Biologlcal Medlcal LaboratoryNaval Supply CenterOakland, CalifornLa 94625 1

DlrectorNaval Research LaboratoryATTN: 6140Washlngton D.C. 2O39O I

ConnoanderU.S. Naval Weapons LaboratoryATTN: FCDahl-gren, Vlrglnla 22448 1

COnttnandefU.S.. Naval Weapons LaboratoryATTN: FCADahlgren, VLrginla 22448 1

ComnanderU.S. Naval Weapons LaboratoryATTN: FCXDahlgren, Virglnia 22448 1

HeadquartersU.S. Atr ForceATTN: AFRDDAwashlngron D.c. 20330 1

crNcus$E (ocPB)APO N.Y. 09633 I

CINCPACAF (DORQ)APO San FrancLsco 96553 I

Cornmander tn ChtefContlnental Alr Defense Co'r'mandATTN: COOP-EEnt Alr Force Base, Colorado 80912

AMD (AMR)Brooks AFB, Texas 78235

rAc (D0RQ)Langley AFB, Vlrglnla 23365

1

1-

1

Dl.strlbutlon 2

T'NCT.H,SSIHED

JCp-t; Dpc REGRADED UNCL.ASS|FIED .

UNCAASSIFIED

Number of CopiesAddressee

Assl-stant Secretary of the NavyDepartment of the NavyWashlngton D.C. 20350 1

ChLef of Naval OperatlonsDepartment of the Navy, Op-34Washlngton D.C. 20350 1

Chlef of Naval OperatLonsDepartment of the Navy, Op-722UWashlngton D.C. 20350 1

Corrmander ln ChlefU.S. Atlantl.c Fleet sNorfolk, Vlrglnla 2351L 1

ContmanddrNaval Shlp Systens ConmandSHIPS O354L, Department of the NavyWashlngton D.C. 20360 1

ConrrnanderNaval Alr Systms Cornmand (AIR 532G)Department of the NavyWashlngton D.C. 20360 1

Chief , Bureau of Medlcl.ne & Surgery (723)Department of the NavyI{aehlngton D. C . 20390 1

Offlce of Naval Research, Mlcroblology BranchCode 443Washlngton D.C. 20360 1

CortttnandefNaval Weapone CenterATIN: Code 4037Chlna Lake, CalLfornla 93555 1

Offlcer in ChargeU.S. Naval Sclentlflc & Technl.cal

Intelll.genee CenterATTN: STIC-2DBldg 52Naval ObservatoryWashington D.C, 20390 L

Dlstrlbutlon 3

T'NCT.ASSIHED

JCP.I, DPG REGRADED UNGLASSIFTED

TTNffiAddressee

Corrmanding OfficerU.S. Army Medlcal Research Instltute

of Infectlous DlseasesFort Detrlck, Maryland

Commandlng OfflcerU.S. Arny Frankford ArsenalATTN: L. TelteLl, SMUFA t8000Bldg 64-3Phl1adelphla, Pa. L9L37

DlrectorMUCOM Operatlons Research GroupU.S. Arny Edgewood ArsenalATTN: CG Progran Subcomittee JTCG/MEEdgewood Arsenal, Maryland 2l_0L0

ConnnandantU.S. Army Conmand & General Staff CollegeATTN: Department of CornmandFort Leaveffrorth, Kansas 63027

ComandantU.S. Anoy Infantry SchoolATTN: ChaLrnao, CBR ConmLtteeFort BennLng, GeorgLa' 3l_905

CommandantU.S. Arny Chemlcal Center & School_ATTN: .A'ÎI'{CL-AFort McClel1an, Alabana 3620I

Conrnandlng OfftcerU.S. Arny Conbat Development CoonandChenical-Blolog 1ca1-Radlolog lcal AgencyFort McClellan, Alab:ma 36201

Cormanding OfflcerU.S. Arny Combat Developments ComandInstltute of SpecLal StudiegFort Belvoir, Vl.rglnla 22060

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DLatrlbutLon 4

Nuober of Copies

T'NCT.H.SSIFIED

TTNCT.ASSIFIED

Addressee

Commander ln ChLefU.S. Arny EuropeAPO N.Y. 09403

Deseret ProJect Manager Staff OfflceHeadquarters, U.S. Ar:ny Materlel CornnandATTN: AI'{CRD

AMCRD-CAMCRD.U

Washlngton D.C. 20315

Comanding GeneralU.S. Army Test & EvaluatLon ConunandATTN: A}TSTE-NB

AMSTE-DS-CAI'ISTE-PO

Aberdeen Provi.ng Ground, Md. 21005

Commanding GeneralU.S. Anny Mun{.tions CornmandATTN: AI"ISMU-RE-N I

Chalrnan JTCG/CBDover, N.J. 07801-

Cormrandlng OfficerU.S. Anoy Edgerrood ArsenalATTN: SMUEA-CR (Mr. W.J. Hewlrr)

SMUEA.W

SMUEA-OSSMUEA-RSMUEA-DSMUEA-TSFEsMUEA-QAESMUEA-RM

Bdgewood Arsenal, Maryland 21010

Cormandlng OfflcerU.S. Army ChemLcal R&D LabATTN: LTC BotttglleriClinlcal Research DlvlsLonEdgewood Arsenal, Maryland 2l-010

Dlrector, MUCOM Operatlons Research GroupU.S. Arny Edgewood ArsenalATTN: CB Program Subcor"'nLttee, JTCG/}!EEdgevood Arsenal, Maryland 21010

DLgtrlbutlon 5


Number of CopLes

11L

1_1-L

11111I11

TTNCI.ASSIFIED

JCP{, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSIFIED '

T'NffiAddressee

ADTCATTN: ADTTW-I

ADTIINEglln AFB, Flortda 32542

AFATL (ATC)Eglln AFB, FlorLda 32542

Cornnandaot of the MarLne CorpsHeadquarters, U.S. MerLne CorpsATTN: Code A03H30Washlngton D.C. 20380

Cormandant of the Marlne CorpsHeadquarters, U.S. Marine CorpsATTN: Code A)(-2Washington D.C. 20380

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I Washlngton D.C. 20380

Cormandl-ng GeneralFleet MarLne Force, Atlantl"cNorfolk, VJ-rgl.nla 2351L

DirectorCentral Intelllgence AgencyATTN: Dlrector ORDWashington D.C. 20505

DLrectorDefense Documentatlon CenterCameron Statlon, ALexandrla, Va. 223L4

CounendLng OfflcerDeseret Test CenterBldg 100, Soldiers I CircleFort Douglas, Utah 841_13 (Distribure aa follows:)

PA-ro(s) (1) rr(s) (1)PA-RA (s) (1) rT-r',rE (s) (1)PA-cs(s) (1) rr-JP(s) (4)PA-lfrCD) (1) rr-JP-c (s) (1)rc(s) (2) rr-JP-A(s) (1)IG(s) (1) IT-JP-r(s) (1)

. Ms(s) (1) IT-JP-L(S) (44)

DlstrLbution 6

Number of Coples

2A

6L

1I

TINCI..H,SSIFIED

JCPJ, DPG REGRADED UNCT-ASSIFIED

ar...* *..rr.*",. t oa. a*tffi .1r.1.a. * -* n,ott i. cr;,rbt,l. oQotxAnl*;

^cnuw (Coreorstr rgk)

DesereE Test CenterFort Douglas, Utatr 84113

qr *uarr wflqfKt{rGltHh

2t. Grlrt

J. EOII TIII.T

ControlJoinc CB Technlcal DaEa Source

and Incapacitating AgenEs (U),BookPart

(u),One:

Volume II, RlotAgent cS (U)

r- Ed[rvl }('lE {I'lp. ct nt l od, ta(t6t elTechnl.cal ReporE

tFd wtnW n a[l"l''rl,'[')

SepEenber 1970s ru. q z& lz4 tl('. Ot tF!L76 I 52=

14 CONIUCT Ot GtAr{r rrcr.

DAAD 09-69-C-0078L mo.rEcT r{o.

RDTE 1-X-6-65704-D-634-02c

USATECOM 5-CO-47 3 -000-008a

DTC 7L-501

Offir |?|Ota ro(sl (A^t olr|.t BDSat rl6t t t y b dar-d,li, EDort)

ro. Dtstllaunofl !;tataiaYf

document andDefenee mustCenter, ATTN:

In ad{ttion to securl-ty requlremenEs whlch applv to Ehl_gmust be-met, each tran-snltfal outeide the De'plrlnent oftl"g_prlgr_lpgTgval of: Cornrendlng Offlcer, Deeerer TeetsSTEPD-TT-JP-I(S)r ForE Douglaa, UEah 84115

ffi

Speclal Handling RequiredNoE ReleasabLe to Forelgn NaElonalr

12. ffiltc Hutan acltvfiY

't'*1*o Part One of Volurne II of Ehe Source Book presents the paramet,ervalues and confidence llmits derived fron field, taboratory and chambercest daea for rlot control agent CS. Presented are (L) modele andsubmodels and the required parameter values, unique to agent CS, and(2) nunerLcal values for CS systens paramet,ers requLred for use wlth thgeneral models in Voltrne X. These models and parameters are rerqulredfor est,imaElng the capablllcles of CS rreapons systems

M ?C1A llllClsmFollata73,IJAll64,wHto{tsw r s

^s t4/J otccltllE FotalfY use.

JCP-!, DPG REGRADED UNCLASSIF1ED

Agent CS

cs

cs1

cs2

P.lot Concrol AgenE

CS Weapons Systems

Terrain Denlal

Bulk AgenE

Storage

DJ.ssemination

Transport,

Delivery

Agent Effects

DeconEe'nLnatlon

Knowledge Gaps

UNCIASSIFIED

T'NCI.ASSIFIED

a

Sqrtly Chdlc6o

Documents

Joint CB Technical Data Source Book on Riot Control Agent CS