John Adams2nd President of the United States

The Alien and Sedition Acts

Key Terms

political parties: groups that help elect people and shape policies

Federalists: strong federal government; party founded by Alexander Hamilton

Democratic-Republicans: limited federal government; party founded by Thomas Jefferson

The Election of 1796First time more than

one candidate runs for president

Rivalry between two political parties dominates the election

Adams and Pinkney chosen as Federalist candidates

Jefferson and Aaron Burr chosen as Democratic-Republican candidates Results:

XYZ AffairPresident Adams wanted to improve relations with France

Sent 3 agents to Paris to negotiate a treaty to protect US shipping

French Foreign Minister refuses to meet with them

3 French agents (X,Y,Z) demand $250,000 and a $12million loan

US agents refuse all demands and go home

Alien and Sedition ActsFederalist

controlled Congress passes 4 laws

Controversial because...intended to protect the United States...

...but, was a hidden attempt to crush opposition to war

Alien ActAlien Act allows the president to imprison or kick out any foreigners he thought were dangerous

Alien Act makes immigrants wait 14 years (was 5) to become a citizen

Sedition ActSedition Act forbids anyone to publish or voice criticism of the federal government

Sedition Act cancels free speech and freedom of the press

Kentucky and Virginia ResolutionsArgue that Alien & Sedition Acts are unconstitutional

Federal government cannot interfere with state gov’t

Written by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison

Jefferson & Madison oppose Congress

However, Alien & Sedition Acts allowed to expire

Resolutions make clear that states CAN challenge federal government