Jog en Bhalla

7/30/2019 Jog en Bhalla

1/18

Objective

Preventfireandexplosionsintheoffshoreoilandgas

industryby

controlling

ignition

sources

and

developing

effectiveregulations,complianceandtraining


2/18

Diesel EngineProtection In The

Offshore Industry


3/18

ExtractBPReport:

SequenceofeventsfromRTlinkApril20th

9.48Mainpowergenerationenginesstartedtogointooverspeed

(#3

&

#6

Engines

online)

9.49RiglostSperrySunrealtimedatatransmissionlink

9.49Firstexplosionoccurredapproximately5secondsafterpowerlost

9.49Second

Explosion

occurred

approximately

10

secondsafterfirstexplosion

Overspeeding

enginewasmostlikelytheignitionsource

thatcaused

the

detonation

What Happened?


4/18

TheExplosionTriangle


5/18

Hydrocarbon Releases (HCRs) Offshore

Hydrocarbon reduction strategies have been

applied by UK regulatory bodies for many years

through:

Legal requirement (UK RIDDOR) to report HCRs

Investigations (primarily loss of containment ofhydrocarbons) mandatory for Major & Significantreleases

Inspections ( Focus asset integrity particularlyassociated with ageing installations)

Safety Case Assessment (legal requirement UKSCR05)

Giving technical advice and producing guidance onoffshore process safety issues

Promoting inherent safety in new designs

Input to relevant codes, standards and industryguidance.


6/18

UK Reported Offshore Hydrocarbon Releases(HCRs) (1996-2010)

https://www.hse.gov.uk/hcr3/help/help_public.asp#Severity

Strategies have beeneffective in reducing

HCRs but reality is they

still occur

Hydrocarbon releaseswithin the oil and gas

industry are an inevitable

consequence of thenature of the business.

Emphasising the

importance ofIgnition Protection as

the last means ofdefence for explosion

prevention
https://www.hse.gov.uk/hcr3/help/help_public.asp#Severityhttps://www.hse.gov.uk/hcr3/help/help_public.asp#Severity


7/18

Pyroban 2010

A large proportion of ignition hazards are from

nonelectrical equipment sources


8/18

Pyroban 2010

OCSlandsActbringsdrilling&OSproductionuntilfederaljurisdiction

30CFRPt250(codeofFederal Regulation)

coversOil

,Gas

and

SulphurOps

30CFR

250.1911

call

for

SEMSincorporatingHazardanalysiswithall

facilitiesbyNov2011

30CFR

250.1911

hazardanalysesmust

coverpreviousincidents(Deepwater Horizon)

BPreportindicatesdieselengineasa

potentialsource

of

ignition

30CFR250.510dieselEnginesmustbefittedwith shutdowndevice

toprevent

runaway

30CFR250.510ManualRemoteorautomatic

shutdowndependingon

attendance

Does30CFRPt250gofarenoughwithrespect

todiesel

engine

ignition

protectionoffshore?

1.USguidance

from

otherindustries

2.RoWguidance

How Current US Federal Regulations and OffshoreStandards may Deal with Diesel Engine Ignition Protection


9/18

Statusof

Explosion

Protection

legislation

&

Standards

US,

UK

&

RoW

ExplosionProtection

Requirements

US UK RoW

Legislationtocontrolfireand

explosionhazards

offshore

OCS/CFR250 PFEER/SCR05/PUWER RegionalLegislation

ElectricalExplosionProtection

Concepts&Standards

NEC500 EN60079series IEC60079seriesorNEC

500

NonElectricalProtectionConcept

Standards

No EN13463series ChinaAdopting EN13463

seriesthrough

GB

3836

series

Productspecificmining engines 30CFR 7.98 EN18342 ChinaMT990(2006),

comparabletoEN18342

EuropeEN18342

Productspecific

IC

engines

forklift

trucksUL

558 EN

1755

EN18341(ICEngine)China

GB

19854

GB20800(ICEngine)

Productspecific ICenginesoffshore

(allignitionrisks)

30CFR250.

510

(partialIgnition

protection)

EN18341

EIguidance

Various (EEMUA107,BP

200 &EN18341)


10/18

TypicalRoW

InstallationForOffshore

Engines

Spark Arrestor

Exhaust gascooler

Inlet flamearrestor

Exhaustflame traps

Inletshutdownvalve

Water-cooledTurbo

Engineoverspeedmonitoring& AutoShutdown

CoolantTemperatureMonitoring

ExhaustTemperaturemonitoring

Water -CooledExhaust manifold

Water -CooledFlexible

Explosion protected electrical components

Anti-staticblades &belts

Explosionproof

Manifold


11/18

TypicalUSInstallation(CFR250.510)

Explosion protected electricalcomponents

XSpark Arrestor

Exhaust gascooler

Inlet flamearrestor

Exhaustflame traps

Inletshutdownvalve

Water-cooledTurbo

CoolantTemperatureMonitoring

ExhaustTemperaturemonitoring

Water -CooledExhaust manifold

Water -CooledFlexible

X

XX

XX

X

X

XEngineOverspeedmonitoring& Manual orAuto-shutdown

Anti-staticblades &belts

Explosionproof

Manifold

XX


12/18

US-It wont happen to us..

Are laws of Physics andChemistry are different ?


13/18

Pyroban 2010

Ignition Protected?

EI 15 Chapter 8 (2005)

A situation where a fixed source ofignition is located just outside a

hazardous area leads to a much

higher probability of ignition than

suitably classified equipment located

just inside

Hazardous area

Non-hazardous area

Ignition protection ofengines in Non-hazardous areas


14/18

In the event of a Major HCR as occurred on the DeepwaterHorizon can any area be classified as safe in terms of anexplosive atmosphere?

BP Report: Thefireandgassystemdidnotpreventignition

hydrocarbonsmigratedbeyondareasthatwereelectrically

classifiedto

areaswherethepotentialforignitionwashigher.TheHVACsystem

probablytransferred

agas

rich

mixture

into

the

engine

rooms

causing

at

leastoneenginetooverspeed

creatingapotentialsourceofignition

Equipment required to either support or maintain essentialservices should be ignition protected with automatic

executive management functionality

Ignition protection of engines in emergency situations


15/18

WhyProtectDieselEngineOffshoreandOnshore?

1.

Dieselenginesoftenrunningveryclosetothepotentialrelease

offlammables,

which: (1)makesthemmorelikelytoingestamixtureintheflammablerangeand(2)minimizesthetimetotakeanymanualpreventiveaction

2.

Otherignitionsourcessuchasfiredheaters,boilers,andflaresare: (1)typically

significantlyfartheraway,increasingthelikelihoodthattheflammablecloudwilldilutebelowtheflammablerangebeforeitreachesthemand(2)canhavedesign

features(e.g.,

remote/elevated

air

intakes

for

fired

equipment,

height

of

flares)

whichmakethemlesslikelytoignitearelease

3.

Andmostimportantly,unprotected,runningdieselenginescanbe

easilyand

inexpensivelyeliminated,therebysignificantlyreducingtheriskofanexplosionby

eliminatingone

of

the

most

likely

sources

of

an

ignition

(based

on

the

logic

above

aswellasactualindustryexperience)

Arunawaydieselcanexplodewithinsecondsadetonationsource


16/18

RV Toilet valve made of PVC for $15 installed on a offshore diesel engine forshutoff. Manual valves Should not be allowed as a runaway engine can explode within seconPlease note the shutdown lever that some one has to push in from below to shutdown the engi


17/18

This is the most popular US made spark arrestor brand used on the offshore eand other equipment. As you can see from the above test, this product does nprevent sparks. Companies in US buy it, because it is cheap. Really sad situa


18/18

Our Recommendations

Update US offshore standards to close the gapwith other world standards on diesel engines-ReferEN 1834 standard

Dont ignore non-electrical equipment protection

Train BOEMRE inspectors on diesel engine safety,inspection and compliance

Do not allow manual shutdown air intake valves ondiesel engines

Follow ATEX and UK standards on sparkarrestors-Cyclone principal

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