Chapter-6 Construction Process6.1SiteSurveyingand
Preparation6.2ArrangementofFacilities and Shops/o!
"ayout6.#$aterial %andling System6.&Financial$anagement and
Cash'o( $anagement6.1 Site Surveying and Preparation)hile e*ecuting
design and dra(ing at +rst, the engineer has to lay
outthedesignsanddra(ingonthegroundtostartphysically
!uildinguptheproposeddesignandplan.-hisis(hatismeant site surveying
and preparation in the e*ecution stage. -he site engineer has to
mo!ili.e a large num!ers of craft people, heavy e/uipment, stac0
materials and set up an o1ce to e*ecute all of them. -herefore,
during site surveying, the engineer has to
allocatespaces,servicesandfacilitiestothepeopleinvolvedin the
construction. At the same time safety during construction has to !e
paid
attentions.-emporaryservicesarenecessarytoe*ecutetheconstruction
(or0.-emporaryservicesincludetemporaryo1ces,electricity,
telecommunication,road(ays2accessroad3,drin0ing(ater, sanitation
system etc. Also,heavyandcostliere/uipmentandconstructionmaterials
shouldalso!eallocatedspacesinandaroundthesiteo1ceso that no part of
the e/uipment, materials or any other !e stolen or !ro0en !y
outsiders. Continued--he engineer also needs to thin0 a!out the
disposal of thede!risgeneratedfromtheconstruction.4nroad
construction,e*cavatedearthhasto!edisposed properly (ithout
distur!ing the environment.
)hilesettingtemporaryo1ce,theengineershould
considerfunctiona!ility(ithinandaroundthesite o1ce to avoid delay
in any (or0 !eing carried
out.4nsitesurveyingtheengineerlayoutcenterlinesand
sidesoftheproposedroad,andsearchesreference
pointsand!enchmar0ssetpreviouslytocarryout laying e*actly as in the
design and dra(ings.Similarly,cornerpro+lesare+*edforcenterlinesof
(allsin!uildingsites.5enchmar0sarealso esta!lished for carrying out
levels of the !uildings so
thatrelativelevelsofotherstructuresandfacilities
can!edetermined.-hosepaintsshould!e
maintainedthroughouttheconstructionperioduntil the construction
completes.6.2 Arrangement of Facilities and Shops/o!
"ayoutFacilitiesre/uiredforthesitemay!etheresourcesas re/uired in
the site. -hose include manpo(er, machines,
andmaterials.Amongthese,manpo(eristhe+rstto
consider,forhumans(or0(iththeirmind.-hose humans are laid out
according to their +eld of (or0. 4t is
usuallycalledanorgani.ation,in(hichtheperformers
andthecontrollercomefacetofacetosolvethe pro!lems in time.
-hemaino!6ectiveofconstructionmanagementisto
e*ecutetheconstructionpro6ectinane1cientmanner
toaccomplishthe(or0economically.Construction
pro6ectinvolvesfrompro6ect!eginningtoits
accomplishment.-herefore,constructionmanagement
(or0involvesfrompro6ectinceptiontocompletionand utility start up.
-he ma6or o!6ectives can !e summari.ed as follo(s-Continued--to
complete the work in time,toexecutetheworkwithinallocatedbudget
economically,toexecutetheworkatanticipatedquality
standard,toexecutetheworkinanon-dispute environment, andTo maintain
the environment at balance.Factors to !e considered in preparing
6o! layout1.Access to site7 -here should !e entrance/e*it to site.
5eside, there should !e a trac0 on the site for easy and e1cient
movement of all site tra1c (ith economic distance.2.Storage of
materials7 Cement !ags should !e stac0ed in raised platform
covering (ith (ater proo+ng materials. 4t should !e 0ept #8 cm a(ay
from the (all and stac0 shall normally contain 12 !ags.5ric0s tiles
and concrete !loc0s are stac0ed at ground level (ith ma*imum ht. of
2m.Aggregate are stac0ed on a clean hard surface in stac0s of
2m92m98.:m.4n'amma!le/;*plosive materialsmust !e stac0ed separately
from other com!usti!le material especially protected from +re
ha.ards.
