Jim Brau, Amsterdam, April 4, 2003 1 Jim Brau April 4, 2003 The Other Detectors and Associated R&D In addition to the TESLA detector, some other detector

Jim Brau, Amsterdam, April 4, 2003

1

Jim BrauApril 4, 2003

The Other Detectorsand Associated R&D

• In addition to the TESLA detector, some other detector configurations have been under study:– JLC Detector– North American SD– North American L (similar to TESLA/JLC)

• Different choices have been made, aimed at the same physics

Thanks to Y. Fujii, and my NAmer colleagues, for help in preparing this talk


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Comparison of Detector

Configurations

(Ray Frey)


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LC Detector Requirements

• Any design must be guided by these goals:

– a) Two-jet mass resolution comparable to the natural widths of W and Z for an unambiguous identification of the final states.

– b) Excellent flavor-tagging efficiency and purity (for both b- and c-quarks, and hopefully also for s-quarks).

– c) Momentum resolution capable of reconstructing the recoil-mass to di-muons in Higgs-strahlung with resolution better than beam-energy spread .

– d) Hermeticity (both crack-less and coverage to very forward angles) to precisely determine the missing momentum.

– e) Timing resolution capable of separating bunch-crossings to suppress overlapping of events .


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SD (Silicon Detector)

• Conceived as a high performance detector for NLC• Reasonably uncompromised performance But• Constrained & Rational cost

– parametric cost analysis

• Accept the notion that excellent energy flow calorimetry is required, and explore optimization of a Tungsten-Silicon EMCal and the implications for the detector architecture…

Recently this configurationhas been getting serious attention, as a result of studiesbeing organized by M. Breidenbach


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Architecture arguments• Silicon is expensive, so limit area by limiting

radius

• Get back BR2 by pushing B (~5T)

– This argument may be weak, considering quantitative This argument may be weak, considering quantitative cost trade-offs. (see plots)cost trade-offs. (see plots)

• Maintain tracking resolution by using silicon strips

• Buy safety margin for VXD with the 5T B-field.

• Keep (?) track finding by using 5 VXD space points to determine track

– tracker measures sagitta.


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Silicon Tungsten EMCal

• Figure of merit something like BR2/ – where = rpixel rMoliere

• Maintain the great Moliere radius of tungsten (9 mm) by minimizing the gaps between ~2.5 mm tungsten plates. Dilution is (1+Rgap/Rw)– Could a layer of silicon/support/readout etc. fit in a 2.5

mm gap? (Very Likely) – Even less?? 1.5 mm goal?? (Dubious)

• Requires aggressive electronic-mechanical integration!


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Silicon Tungsten EMCal (cont.)

• Diode pixels ~ 5 mm square on largest hexagon fitting in largest available wafer. – 6” available now – 300 mm when??– Consider tracking as well as E flow in picking pixel dimension.

• Develop readout electronics of preamplification through digitization, IO on bump bonded chip. – Upgrade would be full integration of readout on detector wafer.

• Optimize shaping time for small diode capacitance. – Probably can do significant bunch localization within train.!!!


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Structure

Pixels on 6” Wafer


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Thermal Management• Cooling is a fundamental problem: GLAST system is ~2

mW/channel. Assume 1000 pixels/wafer and power pulsing duty factor for NLC of 10-3 (10 µsec @120 Hz), for 2 mW average power. – Preliminary engineering indicates goal of under 100 mW ok.

• Assume fixed temperature heat sink (water cooling) at outer edge of an octant, and conduction through a ~1 mm thick Cu plane sandwiched with the W and G10: ΔT~140C.

• OK, but need power pulsing!!! ..and maintaining the noise/resolution is a serious engineering challenge.


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Silicon Tracker• SLC/SLD Prejudice: Silicon is robust against

machine mishaps; wires & gas are not.• Mechanical:

– Low mass C-Fiber support structure– Chirped Interferometry Geodesy (Oxford System) Atlas has

developed a beautiful chirped interferometric alignment system – a full geodetic grid tieing together the elements of their tracker. Can such a system reduce requirements on the space frame precision and stability – reducing its mass and cost?

• Silicon Development– Build on GLAST development,

• Add double ended bond pads, and• Develop special ladder end detector w/ bump bond

array• Reduce mass, complexity at ends

• Employ track finding in 5-layer CCD vertex detector


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Tracker Electronics

• Plan is to string 10 cm square detectors to barrel half lengths and readout from ends.

• Design “end” detectors to route strips to rectangular grid for bump bonding to read out chip (ROC).

• ROC is ASIC with all preamplification, shaping, discrimination, compression, and transmission functionality. Includes power pulsing.

• Hasn’t been done!• Electronics:

– Develop RO for half ladder (~1.5 m)


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• Hcal assumed to be 4 thick, with 46 layers 5 cm thick alternating with 1.5 cm gaps.

• Could use “digital” detectors, eg high reliability RPC’s (Have they been invented yet???)

• Hcal radiator non-magnetic metal – probably copper or stainless– Tungsten much too expensive– Lead possible, but mechanically more painful.

• Hcal thickness important cost driver, even though Hcal cost small. – And where is it relative to coil?

HCal


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Hcal inside coil

HCAL outside coil

Quadrant View

0.000

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

0.000 2.000 4.000 6.000 8.000

m

m

Beam Pipe

Trkr

Ecal

Hcal

Coil

MT

Endcap

Endcap_Hcal

Endcap_Ecal

VXD

Endcap_Trkr

Coil

Quadrant View

0.000

1.000

2.000

3.000

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5.000

6.000

7.000

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0.000 2.000 4.000 6.000 8.000

m

m

Beam Pipe

Trkr

Ecal

Hcal

Coil

MT

Endcap

Endcap_Hcal

Endcap_Ecal

VXD

Endcap_TrkrCoil

HCal Location ComparisonHcal Delta Cost

-35.0

-30.0

-25.0

-20.0

-15.0

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-5.0

0.0

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0

HCal Lam da

De

lta

M$

Scale – Relative to 4 Inside!!

Hcal Delta Cost

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

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HCal Lam da

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ta M

$

80 M$

60 M$

40 M$

20 M$

0 M$

0 M$

-10 M$

-20 M$

-30 M$

24 6

24 6


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More Cost trade-offsCost Partial R_Trkr

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5

R_Trkr (m)

Del

ta M

$

$ vs R_Trkr

~1.7M$/cm Delta $, Fixed

BR2=5x1.252

Cost Partial, Fixed BR^2

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

B

Del

ta M

$

1.25

1.35

1.45

1.55

1.65

1.75

1.85

Linear

Power

Radius


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Detector R&D in North America

• Diversity of R&D projects

• Not necessarily aimed at specific detector configurations

• Several years of support for simulation is now in transition into invigorated hardware effort– funding for this new era is nearly (but not

quite) established


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A University Program of Accelerator and Detector Research for the Linear Collider

2002 ProposalProposed

BudgetNo.

projects

Accelerator Physics $1,003,783 33Luminosity, Energy, Polarization $171,541 9Vertex Detector $119,100 3Tracking $395,662 11Calorimetry $514,540 12Muon system and Particle ID $148,899 3

TOTAL $2,353,525 71

In addition focussed R&D effort continues in Canada

http://www.hep.uiuc.edu/LCRD/html_files/proposal.html


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North American Tracking

ALCPG Tracking Working Group:B. Schumm/D. Karlen/K. Riles


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Gaseous Tracking


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Vertex Detector

Oregon/Yale/SLACRadiation hardness studies

removed SLD VXD3 for analysisspare ladder studies

Developing new CCD detector prototypeStudying mechanical issuesDesign readout for X-Band operation

Oklahoma/Boston/FermilabDevelopment and design of an LC ASIC for CCD readout and data

PurdueStudy of the Mechanical Behavior of Thin silicon and theDevelopment of hybrid silicon pixels for the LC

North American Vertex Detector R&D

ALCPG Vertex Detector Working Group:J. Brau, N. Roe


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Calorimeter Detector R&D in N. America

ALCPG Calorimeter Working Group:R. Frey/A. Turcot/D. Chakraborty


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Scintillator Based Muon System R&D

ALCPG Muon Working Group:G. Fisk


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• Ongoing R&D Work: – Luminosity

• dL/dE analysis (SLAC, Wayne St.) • Beamstrahlung Monitor (Wayne St.) • Pair monitor (Hawaii, in collab. with Tohoku) • Forward calorimeter (Iowa St.)

– Energy • WISRD spectrometer (UMass, Oregon) • BPM spectrometer (Notre Dame)

– Polarization • x-line simulations (SLAC, Tufts) • Quartz fiber calorimter (Iowa, Tennessee)

Many important topics uncovered...

Beamline Instrumentation


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Testbeams

• World-wide R&D web page on testbeams:– http://www-lc.fnal.gov/lc_testbeams/tbpage.html

• Assessment underway on testbeam needs and resources Recent study:

– Linear Collider Calorimeter Testbeam Study Group Report

• S. Magill, J. Repond, A. S. Turcot, J. Yu• http://www-d0.fnal.gov/~yu/lc-tb-report.pdf

– This report should be broadened to include other subsystems


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Test Beam Needs (collected by Gene Fisk to date)

Group Apparatus Beam Conditions When/Where

1 TESLA/CALICE J.-C. Brient/P. Dauncy et al

E_Cal/H_Cal E-flow Tests

e, , p 1 - 100 GeV

Mid 2004 – 2005 Setup; DESY/CERN Fermilab/Protvino?

2 JLC-Cal – Y. Fujii et al EM & H Cal Prototypes

e, , p 2 - 200 GeV

KEK/2004 US/Europe 2004 - 08

3 LC- Cal – R. Frey et al E_Cal H_Cal Prototypes

e to 10 GeV e, , p =>120

E_cal at SLAC ‘04; E & H_Cal @ FNAL

4 Digital H_Cal – Argonne, NIU, UTA, et al

H_Cal Prototypes e, , p =>120 Fermilab – 2005-‘06

5 IP Instrumentation Woods/Torrence et al

Gas Č counter/cal Quartz fiber cal Sec. Emission det. W. angle, vis light beamstrahlung Synchrotron rad BPM E spectro

e/ to 100 GeV; LINX for beamstrahlung; Polarized e’s

Various

6 IP Instr and Calorimetry Onel/Winn et al

Compton polar. w/ quartz fiber cal; Sec. Emission det. Č compensated cal

e , p =>120

< 20, < 300 GeV Fermilab CERN PS & SPS

7 Tile/fiber Tests R. Ruchti

Detector prototypes, timing,

e, 10 – 100 GeV

Fermilab

8 Muon Prototype Detectors TESLA/ALC

RPCs and Scintillator based

e’s 50-750 MeV e, =>120GeV

Frascati 2004 Fermilab 2005


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JLC Design

• The JLC strategy for choice of technologies in baseline R&D

– 1) No Proof-of-Principle R&D.

– 2) Constructible within affordable cost.

• JLC official view, as stated in the 'Roadmap Report' (http://lcdev.kek.jp/RMdraft/ )

– "Extensive R&D studies have been carried out in Asia, Europe, and North America toward the same goal, but with slightly different technology choices in some sub-detectors. International cooperation in common technologies and in cross-examination on different approaches is maintained. Design of the total detector system will be done within a few years by integrating the best technologies achieved."


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JLC Detector R&D

– 3.1) Vertex Detector

• a) done or finishing soon – excellent spatial resolution (plot)– room-temperature operation (good S/N by Multi-Pinned Phase

operation) – radiation hardness measurement : 90Sr, 252Cf, electron-beam

irradiation=in analysis

• b) in progress or to do – CTI improvement : two-phase clocking, thermal charge injection,

notch structure (plot)– fast readout : test-board fabrication in progress – thinned CCD (20micrometer) : flatness, stability, reproducibility – precise estimation of background by a full simulation with detailed

beamline components


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JLC Detector R&D– 3.2) Intermediate Tracker

• in progress or to do – Si-sensor fabrication and test-module construction – Simulation study of VTX-IT-CT combined tracking (plot)

– 3.3) Central Tracker

• a) done or finishing soon – spatial resolution – effect of gas contamination – Lorentz angle measurement – dE/dx measurement – positive-ion space-charge effect (plot)

• b) in progress or to do – Two-track separation performance with a test chamber using parallel

laser beam (plot) – Z-measurement with charge-division – Creeping of aluminum wire – Full-simulation study on Pt resolution, bunch-tagging capability, and

physics sensitivity


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JLC Detector R&D

– 3.4) Calorimeter

• a) done or finishing soon – hardware compensation, energy response linearity, energy

resolution (stochastic term) (plot) – machine-ability of tiny tiles, assemble-ability – performance of WLS-readout SHmax

• b) in progress or to do – granularity optimization with a full simulation – photon yield and non-uniformity improvement for RectTile EMcal – performance study of strip-array EMcal : beamtest, simulation,

ghost-rejection (plot) – direct-APD-readout SHmax – photon detectors (multi-channel HPD/HAPD, EBCCD etc.)

– 3.5) Muon System

• no effort


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Conclusion

There is much to learn from the differing choices of independent groups in the world that are developing full LC detector concepts and studying their advantages and disadvantages.

We much do an honest comparison and assessment leading to improved detectors that we will eventually build and use for the LC physics program.


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Extras


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EMCal Readout Board

Silicon Diode Array

Readout Chip

Network Interconnect

~1m


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• Beam EnergyEbeam ~ 200 ppm from 350 - 1000 TeVUpstream BPM + Downstream WISRD Spect.

in forward detector (~200 mRad) • Polarization

P/P ~ 0.25% (Pe- only) P/P ~ 0.10% (Pe+ also)Downstream Compton polarimetert-channel WW scattering

• Absolute LuminosityL/L ~ 0.2% (adequate, not perfect)Forward calorimeter around 50 - 200 mRad

• Luminosity SpectrumCore width to ~ 0.1%, tail level to 1%e+e- acolinearity (necessary but not sufficient!)

Luminosity, Energy, Polarization

Strategy document just completed


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Luminosity Spectrum

Acolinearity problems• Energy, dL/dE both correlated

with position along bunch.• Measures boost, not s’• Energy imbalance, width

imbalance must be input• Independent real-time width

measurements?• 200 uRad kicks from disruption

alone (larger than target accuraccy)

• Many other offsets/degrees of freedom which must be input.

Putting together complete analysis including‘realistic’ mis-aligned machine decks from TRC report

Documents

Jim Brau, Amsterdam, April 4, 2003 1 Jim Brau April 4, 2003 The Other Detectors and Associated R&D In addition to the TESLA detector, some other detector