JICA - Tsukuba International CenterConcluding Report – Roadmap Toward Effective Flood Hazard Mapping in Indonesia Thomas Firdaus Larosa - Indonesia 2 LEGEND Inundation Depth (m)

ROADMAP TOWARD EFFECTIVE FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING

IN INDONESIA

JICA Regional Training Course on Flood Hazard Mapping 31 October - 3 December 2005

JICA - Tsukuba International Center Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki

JAPAN

Prepared by: Thomas Firdaus Larosa Water Resources Engineer

Research Institute for Water Resources Development Indonesia

Concluding Report – Roadmap Toward Effective Flood Hazard Mapping in Indonesia

Thomas Firdaus Larosa - Indonesia i

CONTENT I THE ROLE OF FHM TO MITIGATE FLOOD DAMAGE .................................. 1

I.1 Present Flood........................................................................................... 1 I.2 Mitigation Flood........................................................................................ 3 I.3 Useful of Flood Hazard Map (FHM).......................................................... 4

II THE ALLOCATION OF ROLES IN MAKING FLOOD HAZARD MAPS IN INDONESIA............................................................................................................ 6

II.1 Organization for Making Fundamental FHM............................................. 6 II.2 Disseminating of Flood Hazard Maps....................................................... 8

III ACTION PLAN OF MAKING FLOOD HAZARD MAPS (FHM) ........................ 9

III.1 Target Basin area..................................................................................... 9 III.2 Propose next five years.......................................................................... 11 III.3 Problem in propose FHM ....................................................................... 11

IV SUGGESTIONS FOR TRAINING COURSE MORE MEANINGFUL ............. 12 V OTHERS ................................. エラー! ブックマークが定義されていません。


Thomas Firdaus Larosa - Indonesia 1

CONCLUDING REPORT

ROADMAP TOWARD EFFECTIVE FLOOD HAZARD MAPPING (FHM)

IN INDONESIA

Name : Thomas Firdaus Larosa Country : Indonesia E-mail : [email protected]

I THE ROLE OF FHM TO MITIGATE FLOOD DAMAGE

I.1 Present Flood

The most severe climate-related natural disaster in Indonesia are monsoon flood, flash flood and debris flood. These flood are common hydrological phenomena in Indonesia. Flash flood from intense thunderstorms are becoming very common phenomena, especially in urban area like Jakarta province. Figure 1 shows the location of annual inundation, limited only on flood location occur without inundation area.

Table 1. Flood type in Indonesia Flood Type Location River Time Cause of flood Damage Flash flood “banjir bandang”

Nias island Masio Feb, 2001

Radial river basin type Small tributary outlet

325 house felt down 121 death

Medan Bahorok 2003 (Leuser mountain) Deforestation Hard rainfall on upstream 67 death (3 foreign)

East Java, Pacet, Mjokerto

Brantas tributary

Dec, 2002 Deforestation 26 death

Leisure area broken

Monsoon flood “Banjir musiman”

Jakarta Ciliwung, etc annual

Inland area Tide + water from upstream Land use change (retard flood area) Poor drainage system Garbage

170 location Jump traffic Stop school activity

Semarang annual

Inland area Tide (rob) + water from upstream Land use change (retard flood area) Poor drainage system Garbage

Aceh & Nias 2005 200 000 death Tsunami flood Flores Earth quake in deep Indonesian ocean 2 100 death

Debris flood “Banjir lahar dingin”

Yogyakarta Progo, Opak, Oyo

Merapi mountain Debris volcano

West Java Citanduy Galunggung mountain Debris volcano

Aggradations river mouth



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I.2 Mitigation Flood

Since flood management and flood fighting should be provided on the comprehensive and holistic work, it should be achieve technical and non technical measures.

a. Technical Measures • Multi purpose Reservoir • River embankments (“dyke” as not a long the river, part of branch that

flood occur). • River Normalization (improvement/restoration). • Short Cut. • Sabo Dam. • Drainage system, Flap gate & pump (garbage problem) • Retention Reservoir (kolam penahan air sementara)

b. Non Technical Measures • Triangulations Point that sound return period of flood (Peil Banjir). • Garbage management (periodically). • Clean side ditch (“kerja bakti’) • Making PRE-Flood Hazard Maps • Elevate house (Living harmony with flood)

Table 2. Structural and non structural measures activities sharing Action Risk Management (Pro-active Response) Crisis Management (Re-active Response)

• Flood insurance • Flood proofing

• Collection of flood information • Rising household goods • Self initiated evacuation

• Pre Flood hazard mapping (case) • Organization flood fighting corps • Assign higher elevation for

evacuation (not building) • Cooperation with rescue volunteers

• Dissemination of flood information/enquire on safety condition

• Flood fighting • Assign provide emergency

applicants (boat)

Dam

age

Miti

gatio

n

Dam

age

Red

uctio

n

• Observation and data collection • Flood forecasting and warning

system • Organization of rescue teams • Emergency drainage pump

Em

erge

ncy

Res

pons

e

• Supply real time flood information and warning (case)

• Evacuation order and evacuation directives (event)

• Rescue activities • Emergency flood control works

• Resettlement to safe area-social problem

• Elevate housing land-harmony flood

• Removal of mud garbage • Reconstruction and restoration of

house • Zoning flood prone area • Drainage pump • Ring levee (seldom) • Understanding among stakeholders

of flood control project (sometime)

• Collecting and distributing relief fund• Draw and report lessons from the

disaster

Dam

age

Det

erre

nce

Ris

k R

educ

tion

• Planning & flood control project • River improvement works (dredging

and widening channel, diversion channel)

• Levee construction and rising levee • Flood control dams and reservoir

Reh

abilit

atio

n R

esto

ratio

n

• Inspection and study of the cause of damage

• Epidemic prevention • Restoration of attacked facilities • Rank up of flood control plan



I.3 Useful of Flood Hazard Map (FHM)

Table 3. Use of Flood Hazard Maps Category Local Resident Local Municipalities/Government

• Consider proper land use patterns and water resistant buildings suited to the flood vulnerability of the area

• Review urban planning and land use patterns that are resistant to flood

• Prepare emergency kits, emergency food, etc

• Prepare boats and other appropriate means of evacuation

• Updated disaster prevention and flood fighting plans of the area

• Review refuges and evacuation routes

• Updated specific assistance plan to evacuate or rescue the vulnerable (elderly, handicapped, sick, injured, etc)

• Identify proper communication channels and systems for information on evacuation

• Organize voluntary disaster prevention units

• Updated communication channels and systems for information on evacuation

• Develop voluntary disaster prevention units

Everyday life

• Learn about past inundation history and risk of inundation of the local area

• Organize educational sessions on potential flood damage, preparedness and evacuation

• Promote education on disaster prevention and conduct evacuation practice drills

• Publicize importance of disaster prevention and preparedness

• Confirm proper refuges, evacuation routes, emergency kits, etc

• Identify flooded areas, inundation depth, location of refuges, and evacuation routes

• Evacuate independently, following weather forecast, flood related information, emergency warnings, etc

• Provide information on weather forecast and flood forecast

• Assist in evacuation of those vulnerable to floods

• Support and rescue those vulnerable to floods

Emergency situations

• Evacuate to proper refuges through safe routes, following advisory and imperative evacuation warnings

• Provide continuous flood related information on evacuation

• Set up refuges • Issue advisory and imperative

evacuation warnings • Direct evacuation

The information incorporated in flood hazard maps shall be those items that are practical and useful in the event of flooding, ensuring the safety and proper evacuation of local residents. Items such as predicted inundation areas and location of refuges, are terms “Evacuation use Information”, and items that will be helpful in everyday life, by notifying the residents of potential flood damage and enhancing their awareness of the importance of flood disaster preparedness, are termed “Educational use Information”.

To make efficient use of flood hazard maps, local residents must be thoroughly convinced of the real danger of flooding. The indispensable information on evacuation and, accordingly, the evacuation use information, shall be incorporated in the hazard maps. Educational-use information shall be appropriately incorporated or



not, depending on the purpose of preparing the flood hazard maps in the respective municipalities.

Table 4. Key items to be corporated in Flood Hazard Map

Evacuation use Information Educational use Information • Predicted inundation area, inundation depth,

flood concentration time • Historical inundation records • Areas to be evacuated (where inundated and

high land) • Location of evacuation refuges (high area) • Evacuation routes (nearest high area to

evacuate) • Dangerous spot on evacuation routes • Rules to follow in the event of evacuation • Communication channels and systems for

information on evacuation • Issuance criteria for evacuation warnings • Map preparing body, date of preparation

• Flooding mechanism • Topographic features, flood types • Real danger of flood, predicted extent of

damage • Meteorological information • Past flood records (rainfall, inundation and

damage) • Rules to follow in the event of flood • Explanation and directions to use-up flood

hazard maps • Preparedness against flood



II THE ALLOCATION OF ROLES IN MAKING FLOOD HAZARD MAPS IN INDONESIA

II.1 Organization for Making Fundamental FHM

The responsibility for making FHM are lay on the people who fell warn of the flood, Flood not became a problem if it is occur on land where there is not a human life.

Since flood “disturb” human life, so that we try to avoid flood, include level of inundation just 10 cm. But sometime or many time we disturb swam pond or flood retention area for resident/household.

There are some stakeholder who have link to government policy : a. Central = National = Pusat b. Prefecture = Province/Governor = Propinsi/Gubernur c. Local Government = Municipality = Kabupaten/Bupati

Role sharing

A

B

Sea

River C River D

River Administrative area Shore line

Figure 1. Illustrated river management

The cases in Indonesia about role sharing to manage some river that it cross over the administrative boundary area, the river managed by one level above of government, , if it is cross two or more the border line administrative area. If it cross province boundary area the river managed by central government and If it cross local government boundary area the river managed by province government.



Central Government

Central government has ministry who responsible to flood damage. Since flood damage influence many aspect, there are several ministry involve in flood management activities.

Such as Ministry of Public Works, Where I have been work, has several division. Who concern to flood such as Directorate of Water Resources.

The river which it is manage under central government would be handled case by case as project work such as Ciliwung-Cisadane River Basin Project, Citanduy-Ciwulan River Basin Project and Bengawan Solo River Basin Project, etc.

Making Flood hazard maps in Indonesia depending on Table 4 should be provided by project work, such as :

Table 5. Stakeholder should be work together for making FHM

Data type / items Analysis work Ministry (national) Dinas (local) Individual/private

Rainfall (meteorological information)

BMG BMG daerah

Land use cover Bakosurtanal Pemetaan & survai Relief contour

Soil type Soil research agency

Predicted flood PU-DGWRD Balai-Local Gov. Flood mechanism PU-DGWRD Balai-Local Gov. Flood type PU-DGWRD Balai-Local Gov.

Inundated simulation & predicted PU-DGWRD Balai-Local Gov.

Historical inundated records

Inner Gov. & PU Dinas inner Gov. Yes

Area to be evacuated Inner Gov. & PU Local inner & PU-

balai Yes

Location of refuge

• legal law aspect of the location

• Location capability

Inner minister PU

Local inner Gov. Local Yes

• Evacuation routes • Traffic routes supplies Inner Gov. & PU Local Gov. Yes

Explanation & direction to use-up FHM

Social, Transportation (BMG), Inner Gov., PU (DGWRD)

Dangerous spot on evacuation route

Inner Gov. Local Gov. Yes

Flood warning system PU-DGWRD Balai-Local Gov.

Order to evacuated

• Flood warning sign • Evacuation

• PU-DGWRD • Rescue fire,

Soldier, Volunteers

• Balai-Local Gov. • Inner local Gov. Yes



Local Government

Local government (prefecture or municipalities) has division who they work as long arms of central government. It is called “Dinas”, since reform political situation, it change in many name, such as “Dinas pengairan” always work together on river basin project work (see Table 5).

II.2 Disseminating of Flood Hazard Maps

My office has been made leaflet that it is inform how to escape from flood and earthquake. Disseminating and distribution the information needs more works. Information on the leaflet is limited since many data should be provided.

Disseminating should be provided by everyone who has warned to the flood. Firstly it is provided by central government. Method of disseminating by using radio or TV as educational information.



III ACTION PLAN OF MAKING FLOOD HAZARD MAPS (FHM)

III.1 Target Basin area

Jakarta province is my target for making FHM, but I am employer of government and no promise to JICA, since there are many considerations for selected river basin, such as political condition, etc. My selected area depend on available data, such as rainfall data (1916 – 2004 publish), discharge, relief contour (Digital Terrain Module), climatologically data, land use cover.

Fulfill the request action plan FHM, supported only for Jati Pinggir (Central Jakarta) area, since on that area I have data on my hand for making pre-FHM.

Figure 2. Target area for action plan Flood Hazard Map



8

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47.2 48.2

47

48

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Figure 3. Relief contour line, on Jati Pinggir area



III.2 Propose next five years

Proposed on making flood hazard maps for next five year ahead is Jakarta Province, since there are 13 river basin enter to Jakarta province boundary and much effort to define loss of flood damage.

III.3 Problem in propose FHM

The problem for making FHM such as updated topographic map/relief contour include in detail scale map, may be on budget, as this project just in my head plan.



IV SUGGESTIONS FOR TRAINING COURSE MORE MEANINGFUL All lecturer designed for this course were useful, some of them have provided in term of materials, process, concept, theory, and practical, especially on exercise in the group field survey for making the hazard maps ISE City with group presentation on the Town Watching.

The field survey is more importance, because of the real situation found could be comparing to lecture.

Flood management in Japan is very importance for expertise. The significance of hydrological statistics, flood inundation analysis, calculation of residents evacuation, runoff flood analysis and anticipation of inundation area are key functional of flood hazard map drawing and establishment.

Tryout when making pre-FHM after town watching more useful if we work together with resident people by using PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISSAL). We can get information directly about inundation area, vest life and traffic refuge routes need.

Documents

JICA - Tsukuba International CenterConcluding Report – Roadmap Toward Effective Flood Hazard Mapping in Indonesia Thomas Firdaus Larosa - Indonesia 2 LEGEND Inundation Depth (m)