Jennifer Holland Dean of Student Services Cameron University 12/13/2007 Jennifer Holland Cameron University Majoring in Wagering: College Student Gambling

Jennifer HollandDean of Student Services

Cameron University12/13/2007

Jennifer HollandCameron University

MajoringMajoringin Wagering:in Wagering:

College StudentCollege StudentGamblin

gGambling



History of Gambling in Oklahoma

1982:1982:Legalization of

racetrack gambling

1988-2008: 1988-2008: more than 100 tribal

casinos and bingo halls

open?

1988: 1988: Indian

Gaming Regulatory

Act2004:2004: Voters

approve state lottery and racetrack casinos

http://www.newsok.com/article/3071999/



Gambling in Oklahoma

Oklahoma Lottery– Scratchers– Powerball– Cash 5– Pick 3

Casino Gaming Internet Gambling

BingoHorse RacingPoker/CardsPari-mutuel

WageringCharitable GamingSports Betting



Size of the

industry



NationallyTotal spent on legal gambling has

increased 25% since 2003. 2/3 of adults placed a bet last year.37 states have lotteries.Lottery profits are $17 billion annually.260 casinos on Indian reservations

– Located in 31 states– $6.7 billion revenue annually

Casinos profit $30 billion annually. Internet gambling has nearly doubled

every year since 1997.

Source: The Oklahoman



OklahomaGrowth in Oklahoma in 2006 up 24.7% 2032 lottery retailersOklahoma has more than 100 casinos and

bingo halls, 2 horsetracks/racinos57,000 slot machines - Gaming machine

count ranks 3rd in the nation$2.2 billion revenue reported by tribal

casinos in 20072006 spending per capita in Oklahoma

was double the national average.

Sources: 2006 North American Gaming Almanac and 2006 Indian Gaming Industry Report



defining

the issue



Statistics80% of adults gambled in the past year;

15% gambled in the last week.22% of teens admitted to gambling at a

casino by their senior year of high school.15 million people display sign of gambling

addictionMen consistently have higher prevalence

rates75,000 problem and compulsive gamblers

in OklahomaHouseholds with less than $10,000 spend

more on lotteries that those with incomes over $50,000.

Source: The Oklahoman



Definitions

Problem Gambling:– Gambling behavior

which causes disruptions in any major area of life

Pathological:– Persistent and

recurrent maladaptive gambling behavior that disrupts personal, family, or vocational pursuits

– Pathological Gambling

• a.k.a. “Compulsive Gambling” or “Gambling Addiction”

Source: National Council on Problem Gambling



Telling the Difference

Social Gambling

Occasional gambler; sticks with time limits

Sticks to limits of money to play with

Hopes to win but expects to lose

Can take it or leave it; has other activities/interests

Problem Gambling

Frequent, or spends more time gambling

Plays with money that is needed or borrowed

Expects to win; keeps playing to win back

losses

Preoccupied about gambling; restless if trying to cut down



College Quick Facts

50.4%:– College men who gamble on cards at least

once a month

26.6%– College women who gamble on cards at least

once a month

26%– College men who gamble in online card games

at least once a month

Source: Annenberg Public Policy Center (2005)



Recognizing gambling problems

Unexplained absences/sudden drop in grades. Sudden visible changes in

behavior/personality Possession of a large amount of money, brags

about winning. Unusual interest in sport scores or stats. Intense interest in conversations about

gambling. Unexplained financial problems. Starts screening phone calls in fear of debt

collectors.

http://www.lanecounty.org/prevention/gambling/youth_signs_PG.htm



Most Common Effects ofProblem Gambling

DebtCrimeDepression/SuicideRelationship problemsEmployment problemsConcurrent alcohol

and/or drug problems

Source: Moore, T.L., & Marotta, J. (2007). Oregon Gambling Treatment Programs Evaluation Update.

$23,000 average1 in 4

1 in 19 attempt suicide1 in 41 in 7

1 in 3 alcohol problem1 in 10 drug problem7 in 10 use tobacco



Reasons Students Are Gambling

Chance to win moneyExcitementTime with friendsDistraction from everyday life and

schoolLooks like an easy/quick way to get richRush of winningFeeling of being important

http://www.lanecounty.org/prevention/gambling/youth_risk_factors.htm



Why are Students at Risk?

AgeAvailability

AcceptabilityAdvertising/Media

Access to Cash



Age of our

students



Rates of Problem Gambling by Age

4.1%

5.6%

2.3%1.2%

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

Adolescent CollegeGeneral Adult Pop. Elderly

Sources: Carlson & Moore, 1998; Shaffer & Hall, 2001; Moore, 2001; Volberg, 2001



Availability to our

campuses



Where are casinos located?

http://500nations.com/oklahoma_casinos.asp



Our campusesNumber of casinos located within county and in

bordering counties

Cameron University - Lawton– Comanche: 3– Caddo: 3– Cotton: 4– Stephens: 3

Casinos in close proximity – 13

Tulsa– Tulsa: 5– Okmulgee: 2– Creek: 1– Pawnee: 2– Osage: 2– Washington: 1– Rogers: 4





bordering counties

University of Oklahoma– Cleveland: 3– Canadian: 1– McClain: 2– Pottawatomie: 3


Riverwind Casino - Newcastle

Oklahoma State University– Pawnee: 2– Osage: 2– Kay: 9– Noble: 1– Payne: 1– Creek: 1– Tulsa: 5

Casinos in close proximity - 20




bordering counties

East Central University - Ada– Pontotoc: 2– Murray: 4– Garvin 1– McClain: 2– Cleveland: 3– Pottawatomie: 3– Seminole: 6


Southeastern Oklahoma State University - Durant– Bryan: 2– Marshall: 2– Atoka: 1– Choctaw: 2





bordering counties

Northeastern State University - Tahlequah– Cherokee: 2– Sequoyah: 3– Muskogee: 2


Southwestern Oklahoma State University - Weatherford– Custer: 1– Blaine: 2– Caddo: 3

Casinos in close proximity - 6



Acceptabilityin our

society



Advertising

targets students



Advertisements



Accessto ca$h



Assessing

the problem



Just How Big is the Problem?

1 in 20 college students will develop a gambling problem– (Shaffer and Hall, 2001)

Approximately 15% of college students are at risk for gambling problems– (Neighbors, University of Washington)



Online Gambling25,000 gambling web sitesQuickest “incubation period” to

addictionWhy?

– Impulsivity– Isolation– Intermittent rewards

Players cannot use credit cards to gamble from the U.S.– Players have found alternative

methods of depositing money into online gambling sites.



Are Students Gambling Online?

Online Gambling:– $15 Billion in 2006– ½ from U.S.

More than 1 million young people use Internet gambling sites each month

– Source: Annenberg Public Policy Center, 2006

Rates of online gambling amount males 18-22 doubled in 2005

– Source: Annerberg Public Policy Center, 2006



Sports Bets

About 30% of U.S. college students will gamble on sports this year (NCPG)

In Oklahoma, sports wagering is illegal.

NCAA rules for student athletes forbid betting on college or professional sports.



Looking at

prevention



Treatment/Prevention in Oklahoma

State allocates $750,000 to treatment and prevention

Seeing improvement– 134 counselors received gambling specific

training– A 24/7 helpline was created– 14 providers have become Certified Gambling

Treatment Programs– 9 facilities offer free outpatient gambling

treatment

Treatment and prevention workhttp://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWebOklahoma Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services



Resources

Gambling Hot Line

(800) 522-4700

www.odmhsas.org/Gambling



Campus

responsibility



Questions About Our Institutions

How common is student gambling on your campus?

How are students gambling?Are you seeing problems or negative

effects?What is the best way to get the

attention of students for an issue like this?

What information/services should universities provide?



What can we do?AssessmentAwareness

Intervention & Assistance

Policy recommendations

Be proactive



Thanks to…Julie Hynes

Problem Gambling Prevention ProgramLane County Health and Human Services

Oregon

MajoringMajoringin Wagering:in Wagering:

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Jennifer Holland Dean of Student Services Cameron University 12/13/2007 Jennifer Holland Cameron University Majoring in Wagering: College Student Gambling