JCortazar

02/06/2015 20:49Julio Cortzar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Page 1 of 10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Cortzar

Julio Cortzar

Cortzar by Sara Facio, in 1967.Born August 26, 1914

Ixelles, BelgiumDied 12 February 1984 (aged 69)

Paris, FrancePen name Julio Denis (in his first two books)Occupation Writer, TranslatorNationality Argentine, FrenchGenre Short Story, Poetry, Novel.Literarymovement

Latin American Boom

Julio CortzarFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Julio Cortzar, born Jules Florencio Cortzar[1] (American Spanish: [xuljo kortasar]; August 26, 1914 February 12, 1984), was an Argentine novelist, short story writer, and essayist. Known as one of thefounders of the Latin American Boom, Cortzar influenced an entire generation of Spanish-speakingreaders and writers in the Americas and Europe. He has been called both a "modern master of the shortstory" and, by Carlos Fuentes, "the Simn Bolvar of the novel."[2]

Contents1 Early life2 Education and teaching career3 Years in France4 Works5 Influence and legacy6 Books7 See also8 References9 Further reading10 Filmography11 External links

Early life



Notableworks

HopscotchBlow-up and Other Stories

Notableawards

Prix Mdicis (France, 1974), RubnDaro Order of CulturalIndependence (Nicaragua, 1983)

Signature

Julio Cortzar was born on August 26, 1914, in Ixelles,[3] a borough of Brussels, Belgium. According tobiographer Miguel Herrez, his parents, Julio Jos Cortzar and Mara Herminia Descotte, were Argentinecitizens, and his father was attached to the Argentine diplomatic service in Belgium.[4]

At the time of Cortzar's birth Belgium was occupied by the German troops of Kaiser Wilhelm II. Afterthe irruption of German troops in Belgium, Cortzar and his family moved to Zrich where MaraHerminia's parents, Victoria Gabel and Louis Descotte (a French National), were waiting in neutralterritory. The family group spent the next two years in Switzerland, first in Zrich, then in Geneva, beforemoving for a short period to Barcelona. The Cortzars settled outside Buenos Aires by the end of 1919.[5]

Cortzar's father deserted his wife when Julio was six, and the family had no further contact with him.[6]Cortzar spent most of his childhood in Banfield, a suburb south of Buenos Aires, with his mother and younger sister. The home in Banfield, with its backyard, was a source of inspiration for some of his stories.[7] Despite this, in a letter to Graciela M. de Sol on December 4, 1963, he described this period ofhis life as "full of servitude, excessive touchiness, terrible and frequent sadness." He was a sickly child and spent much of his childhood in bed reading.[8]His mother, who spoke several languages and was a great reader herself, introduced her son to the works of Jules Verne, whom Cortzar admired for the restof his life. In the magazine Plural (issue 44, Mexico City, May 1975) he wrote: "I spent my childhood in a haze full of goblins and elves, with a sense ofspace and time that was different from everybody else's."

Education and teaching careerCortzar obtained a qualification as an elementary school teacher at the age of 18. He would later pursue higher education in philosophy and languages at theUniversity of Buenos Aires, but left for financial reasons without receiving a degree.[9] According to biographer Montes-Bradley, Cortzar taught in at leasttwo high schools in Buenos Aires Province, one in the city of Chivilcoy, the other in Bolivar. In 1938, using the pseudonym of Julio Denis, he self-publisheda volume of sonnets, Presencia,[10] which he later repudiated, saying in a 1977 interview for Spanish television that publishing it was his only transgressionto the principle of not publishing any books until he was convinced that what was written in them was what he meant to say.[11] In 1944 he became professorof French literature at the National University of Cuyo in Mendoza, but he resigned the position in June 1946 due to political pressure from Peronists. Hesubsequently worked as a translator and as director of the Cmara Argentina del Libro, a trade organization.[12] In 1949 he published a play, Los Reyes (TheKings), based on the myth of Theseus and the Minotaur.



Cortzar in his youth

Years in FranceIn 1951, Cortzar emigrated to France, where he lived and worked for the rest of his life, though he traveled widely. From 1952 onwards, he workedintermittently for UNESCO as a translator. He wrote most of his major works in Paris or in Saignon in the south of France, where he also maintained ahome. In later years he became actively engaged in opposing abuses of human rights in Latin America, and was a supporter of the Sandinista revolution inNicaragua as well as Fidel Castro's Cuban revolution and Salvador Allende's socialist government in Chile.[13]

Cortzar had three long-term romantic relationships with women. The first was with Aurora Bernrdez, an Argentine translator, whom he married in 1953.They separated in 1968[14] when he became involved with the Lithuanian writer, editor, translator, and filmmaker UgnKarvelis, whom he never formally married, and who reportedly stimulated Cortzar's interest in politics,[15] although hispolitical sensibilities had already been awakened by a visit to Cuba in 1963, the first of multiple trips that he would make to thatcountry throughout the remainder of his life. He later married the American writer Carol Dunlop. After Dunlop's death in 1982,Aurora Bernrdez accompanied Cortzar during his final illness and, in accordance with his longstanding wishes, inherited therights to all his works.[16][17]

He died in Paris in 1984 and is interred in the Cimetire de Montparnasse. The cause of his death was reported to be leukemiathough some sources state that he died from AIDS as a result of receiving a blood transfusion.[18][19]

WorksCortzar wrote numerous short stories, collected in such volumes as Bestiario (1951), Final del juego (1956), and Las armassecretas (1959). In 1967, English translations by Paul Blackburn of stories selected from these volumes were published byPantheon Books as End of the Game and Other Stories. Cortzar published four novels during his lifetime: Los premios (TheWinners, 1960), Hopscotch (Rayuela, 1963), 62: A Model Kit (62 Modelo para Armar, 1968), and Libro de Manuel (A Manualfor Manuel, 1973). Except for Los premios, which was translated by Elaine Kerrigan, these novels have been translated intoEnglish by Gregory Rabassa. Two other novels, El examen and Divertimiento, though written before 1960, only appearedposthumously.



Cortzar's grave in Montparnasse, Paris

The open-ended structure of Hopscotch, which invites the reader to choose between a linear and a non-linear mode of reading, has been praised by otherLatin American writers, including Jos Lezama Lima, Giannina Braschi, Carlos Fuentes, Gabriel Garca Mrquez, and Mario Vargas Llosa. Cortzar's use ofinterior monologue and stream of consciousness owes much to James Joyce[20] and other modernists, but his maininfluences were Surrealism,[21] the French Nouveau roman and the improvisatory aesthetic of jazz.[22] This lastinterest is reflected in the notable story "El perseguidor" ("The Pursuer"), which Cortzar based on the life of thebebop saxophonist Charlie Parker.[23]

Cortzar also published poetry, drama, and various works of non-fiction. In the 1960s, working with the artist JosSilva, he created two almanac-books or libros-almanaque, La vuelta al da en ochenta mundos and ltimo Round,which combined various texts written by Cortzar with a photographs, engravings, and other illustrations, in themanner of the almanaques del mensajero that had been widely circulated in rural Argentina during hischildhood.[24] One of his last works was a collaboration with Carol Dunlop, The Autonauts of the Cosmoroute,which relates, partly in mock-heroic style, the couple's extended expedition along the autoroute from Paris toMarseille in a Volkswagen camper nicknamed Fafner. As a translator, he completed Spanish-language renderingsof Robinson Crusoe, Marguerite Yourcenar's novel Mmoires d'Hadrien, and the complete prose works of EdgarAllan Poe.[25]

Influence and legacyMichelangelo Antonioni's film Blowup (1966) was inspired by Cortzar's story "Las babas del diablo," which inturn was based on a photograph taken by Chilean photographer Sergio Larran during a shoot outside of NotreDame Cathedral in Paris.[26] Cortzar's story "La autopista del sur" ("The Southern Thruway") influenced another film of the 1960s, Jean-Luc Godard's WeekEnd (1967).[27] The filmmaker Manuel Antn has directed three films based on Cortzar stories, Cartas de mam, Circe, and Intimidad de los parques.[28]

Chilean novelist Roberto Bolao cited Cortzar as a key influence on his novel The Savage Detectives: "To say that I'm permanently indebted to the work ofBorges and Cortzar is obvious."[29]



Puerto Rican novelist Giannina Braschi used Cortzar's story "Las babas del diablo" as a springboard for the chapter called "Blow-up" in her bilingual novelYo-Yo Boing! (1998), which features scenes with Cortzar's characters La Maga and Rocamadour.[30] Cortzar is mentioned and spoken highly of in RabihAlameddine's 1998 novel, Koolaids: The Art of War.

In Buenos Aires, a school, a public library, and a square in the Palermo neighborhood carry Cortzar's name.

BooksPresencia (1938)Los reyes (1949)El examen (1950, first published in 1985)Bestiario (1951)Final del juego (1956)Las armas secretas (1959)Los premios (The Winners) (1960)Historias de cronopios y de famas (1962)Rayuela (Hopscotch) (1963)Todos los fuegos el fuego (1966)Blow-up and Other Stories (1968); a compilation of stories from Bestiario, Final del juego, and Las armas secretas, in an English-languagetranslation.Around the Day in Eighty Worlds (La vuelta al da en ochenta mundos) (1967)62: A Model Kit (62/modelo para armar) (1968)Last Round (ltimo Round) (1969)Prosa del Observatorio (1972)Libro de Manuel (1973)Octaedro (1974)Fantomas contra los vampiros multinacionales (1975)Alguien anda por ah (1977)Territorios (1978)Un tal Lucas (1979)Queremos tanto a Glenda (1980)Deshoras (1982)



Autonauts of the Cosmoroute (Los autonautas de la cosmopista) (1983)Nicaragua tan violentamente dulce (1983)Divertimento (1986)Diary of Andrs Fava (Diario de Andrs Fava) (1995)Adis Robinson (1995)Save Twilight (1997)Cartas (Three volumes, 2000; expanded version in five volumes, 2012)Papeles inesperados (2009)Cartas a los Jonquires (2010)

See alsotat secondSophie Bohdan

References1. Montes-Bradley, Eduardo. "Cortzar sin barba". Editorial Debate. Random House Mondadori. p. 35, Madrid. 2005.2. The New York Review of Books, March 4, 1984.3. Cortzar sin barba, by Eduardo Montes-Bradley. Random House Mondadori, Editorial Debate, Madrid, 20044. Herrez, Miguel. Julio Cortzar, Una Biografa Revisada Alrevs, 2011 ISBN 9788415098034 p. 255. Montes-Bradley, Eduardo. "Cortzar sin barba". Editorial Debate. Random House Mondadori, p. 110, Madrid, 2005.6. Herrez, Miguel. Julio Cortzar, Una Biografa Revisada Alrevs, 2011, ISBN 9788415098034, pp. 38 & 45,7. Banfield is mentioned in the short story "Conducta en los velorios" (http://www.literatura.org/Cortzar/Conducta.html) from Historias de cronopios y de famas.8. Julio Cortzar - A fondo (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeaaxOrC8nw#t=5m51s) on YouTube TVE 1977.9. Herrez, Miguel. Julio Cortzar, Una Biografa Revisada. Alrevs, 2011, ISBN 9788415098034, p. 343.

10. Conversaciones con Cortzar (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSJoWdZZ5m8) on YouTube Omar Prego, Muchnik Editores, 1985 (p. 33).11. Julio Cortzar - A fondo (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeaaxOrC8nw) on YouTube TVE 1977.12. Herrez, Miguel. Julio Cortzar, Una Biografa Revisada. Alrevs, 2011, ISBN 9788415098034, pp. 118-119.13. "Julio Cortzar (1914-1984)" (http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/cortaz.htm), Books and Writers.14. Herrez, Miguel. Julio Cortzar, Una Biografa Revisada Alrevs, 2011 ISBN 9788415098034 pp. 245-252.15. Mario Goloboff (1998). "Chap. 11: De otros lados". Julio Cortzar - La biografa. pp. 170174. ISBN 950-731-205-6.16. Las cartas de Cortzar (http://www.elmundo.es/america/2012/07/15/argentina/1342361857.html), article in the newspaper El Mundo (Madrid), 15 July 2012.17. Julio Cortzar. Cartas, 3 (2000 edition, Alfaguara), p. 1785. ISBN 9505115938.



Further readingEnglish

Julio Cortzar (Modern Critical Views). Bloom, Harold, 2005Schmidt-Cruz, Cynthia (2004). Mothers, Lovers, and Others: the short stories of Julio Cortzar. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press.ISBN 978-0-7914-5955-3.Julio Cortzar (Bloom's Major Short Story Writers). Bloom, Harold, 2004Weiss, Jason (2003). The Lights of Home: a century of Latin American writers in Paris. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-94013-9.Standish, Peter (2001). Understanding Julio Cortzar (Understanding Modern European and Latin American Literature). University of SouthCarolina Press. ISBN 978-1-57003-390-2.Questions of the Liminal in the Fiction of Julio Cortzar. Moran, Dominic, 2000Critical Essays on Julio Cortzar. Alazraki, Jaime, 1999

17. Julio Cortzar. Cartas, 3 (2000 edition, Alfaguara), p. 1785. ISBN 9505115938.18. Una nueva biografa sostiene que Cortzar habra muerto de sida (http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2001/06/07/s-04001.htm) clarin.com, 7.06.200119. Peri Rossi: Cortzar muri de sida por una transfusin (http://www.abc.es/20090125/cultura-cultura/peri-rossi-cortazar-murio-20090125.html), article in the newspaper

ABC from 25 January 2009.20. Julio Cortzar y James Joyce (http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/bibvirtual/publicaciones/alma_mater/2000_n18-19/julio_cortazar.htm)21. Picn Garfield, Evelyn. Es Julio Cortzar un surrealista?, 197522. "El jazz en la obra de Cortzar" (http://www.march.es/bibliotecas/repositorio-cortazar/jazz/pdf/El_jazz_en_la_obra_de_Cortazar.pdf), p. 41.23. Doris Sommer, "Grammar Trouble for Cortzar", in Proceed with Caution, When Engaged by Minority Writing in the Americas, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,

p. 211.24. Herrez, Miguel. Julio Cortzar, Una Biografa Revisada Alrevs, 2011, ISBN 9788415098034, p. 242.25. Biblioteca Julio Cortzar (http://www.march.es/bibliotecas/repositorio-cortazar/buscador.aspx?l=1&p2=5&p3=Julio%20Cortazar%20como%20traductor#avanzada),

Fundacin Juan March.26. "Fallece Sergio Larran, el mtico fotgrafo chileno que renunci al mundo | Cultura" (http://www.latercera.com/noticia/cultura/2012/02/1453-429366-9-fallece-sergio-

larrain-el-mitico-fotografo-chileno-que-renuncio-al-mundo.shtml). La Tercera. 2012-01-24. Retrieved 2012-02-09.27. Jean Franco, "Comic Stripping: Cortzar in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction", in Critical Passions: Selected Essays, eds. Mary Louise Pratt and Kathleen Newman,

Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1999, p. 416.28. No hice otra cosa que plagiar a Cortzar (http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/suplementos/espectaculos/5-24666-2012-03-21.html), Pagina 12, 21 March 2012.29. Roberto Bolao, Between Parentheses: Essays, Articles, and Speeches, 1998-2003, trans. Natasha Wimmer, New York: New Directions, 2011, 353.30. Debra A. Castillo, editor, Redreaming America: Toward a Bilingual American Culture, "Language Games," by Ilan Stavans, pp. 172-186, SUNY, New York, 2005.



Alonso, Carlos J. (1998). Julio Cortzar: new readings. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-45210-6.Stavans, Ilan (1996). Julio Cortzar: a study of the short fiction. New York: Twayne Publishers. ISBN 0-8057-8293-1.The Politics of Style in the Fiction of Balzac, Beckett, and Cortzar. Axelrod, Mark, 1992Writing at Risk: Interviews in Paris With Uncommon Writers. Weiss, Jason, 1991Rodrguez-Luis, Julio (1991). The Contemporary Praxis of the Fantastic: Borges and Cortzar. New York: Garland. ISBN 978-0-8153-0101-1.Yovanovich, Gordana (1991). Julio Cortzar's Character Mosaic: reading the longer fiction. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-5888-1.Carter, E. Eugene (1986). Julio Cortzar: Life, Work and Criticism. Fredericton, Canada: York Press. ISBN 978-0-919966-52-9.Peavler, Terry J. (1990). Julio Cortzar. Boston: Twayne. ISBN 0-8057-8257-5.Boldy, Steven (1980). The Novels of Julio Cortzar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-23097-1.

SpanishJulio Cortzar. Una biografa revisada. Miguel Herrez, 2011Discurso del Oso. children's book illustrated by Emilio Urberuaga, Libros del Zorro Rojo, 2008Montes-Bradley, Eduardo (2005). Cortzar sin barba. Madrid: Random House Mondadori. pp. 394 Hard Cover. ISBN 84-8306-603-3.Imagen de Julio Cortzar. Claudio Eduardo Martyniuk, 2004Julio Cortzar desde tres perspectivas. Luisa Valenzuela, 2002Otra flor amarilla: antologa: homenaje a Julio Cortzar. Universidad de Guadalajara, 2002Julio Cortzar. Cristina Peri Rossi, 2000Julio Cortzar. Alberto Coust, 2001Julio Cortzar. La biografa. Mario Goloboff, 1998La mirada recproca: estudios sobre los ltimos cuentos de Julio Cortzar. Peter Frhlicher, 1995Hacia Cortzar: aproximaciones a su obra. Jaime Alazraki, 1994Julio Cortzar: mundos y modos. Sal Yurkivich, 1994Tiempo sagrado y tiempo profano en Borges y Cortzar. Zheyla Henriksen, 1992Cortzar: el romntico en su observatorio. Rosario Ferr, 1991Lo neofantstico en Julio Cortzar. Julia G Cruz, 1988Los Ochenta mundos de Cortzar: ensayos. Fernando Burgos, 1987En busca del unicornio: los cuentos de Julio Cortzar. Jaime Alazraki, 1983Teora y prctica del cuento en los relatos de Cortzar. Carmen de Mora Valcrcel, 1982Julio Cortzar. Pedro Lastra, 1981Cortzar: metafsica y erotismo. Antonio Planells, 1979Es Julio Cortzar un surrealista?. Evelyn Picon Garfield, 1975



Estudios sobre los cuentos de Julio Cortzar. David Lagmanovich, 1975Cortzar y Carpentier. Mercedes Rein, 1974Los mundos de Julio Cortzar. Malva E Filer, 1970

FilmographyLa Cifra Impar, 1960. Feature film by Manuel Antn, based on "Letters from Mother".Circe, 1963. Feature film by Manuel Antn, based on "Circe". Script by Manuel Antin and Julio Cortzar.El Perseguidor, 1963. Feature film by Osias Wilenski, based on "El perseguidor".Intimidad de los Parques, 1965. Feature film by Manuel Antn.Blow Up, 1966. Feature film by Michelangelo Antonioni, based on "Las Babas del diablo".Cortzar, 1994. Documentary directed by Tristn Bauer.Cortzar, apuntes para un documental, documentary. Eduardo Montes-Bradley (Director), Soledad Liendo (Producer). Theatrical release 2002. DVDRelease 2007.Graffiti (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9IoYPIvMye4) on YouTube, 2005. Short movie based on Julio Cortzars short story "Graffiti". Directedby Pako Gonzlez."Graffiti, 2006, Short movie based on Julio Cortzars short story "Graffiti". Directed by Vano Burduli [1] (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0947013/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1a)[2] (http://vimeo.com/25805971)"Mentiras Piadosas" (released in English as Made Up Memories), 2009. Feature film by Diego Sabans, based on the short-story "The Health of theSick" and other short stories by Julio Cortzar.

External links Media related to Julio Cortzar at Wikimedia Commons

Works by Julio Cortzar at Open LibraryWorks about Julio Cortzar (http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79-38532) in libraries (WorldCat catalog)Jason Weiss (Fall 1984). "Julio Cortazar, The Art of Fiction No. 83" (http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/2955/the-art-of-fiction-no-83-julio-cortazar). Paris Review.Julio Cortzar at kirjasto.sci.fi (http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/cortaz.htm)Julio Cortzar Collection (Finding Aid) (http://diglib.princeton.edu/ead/getEad?eadid=C0888&kw=American%20literature) Princeton UniversityLibrary Manuscripts DivisionJulio Cortzar: An Argentinean Master of Anti-novel and Experimental Literature (http://www.yementimes.com/defaultdet.aspx?SUB_ID=25158)



Books and texts written by Julio Cortzar (http://www.kronhela.com.ar/jc)A translated excerpt from Prose from the Observatory (http://www.guernicamag.com/poetry/2269/cortazar_1_15_11/)Julio Cortzar interview 1979 (http://escritorasunidas.blogspot.com/2011/08/julio-cortazar-en-mi-corazon-america.html)Julio Cortzar Artist bio and exhibitions on ArtDiscover (http://www.artdiscover.com/en/artists/julio-cortazar-id1638?SUB_ID=25158)Julio Cortzar (1968). "Testimonio Julio Cortzar" (http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/26422) (in Spanish).Julio Cortzar, his readers and Paris. Photo Essay (http://www.hugopassarello.com/rayuela/rayuela_en.html)The Library of Julio Cortzar (http://www.march.es/bibliotecas/repositorio-cortazar/?l=2) Virtual visit to his private library.(in English and Spanish)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Julio_Cortzar&oldid=660804940"

Categories: 1914 births 1984 deaths Julio Cortzar Writers from Paris People from Brussels Argentine people of French descentUniversity of Buenos Aires alumni Argentine novelists Argentine short story writers Argentine translators Translators of Edgar Allan PoePostmodern writers Magic realism writers Prix Mdicis tranger winners Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery Argentine atheists Belgian atheistsFrench atheists 20th-century novelists 20th-century translators

This page was last modified on 4 May 2015, at 17:50.Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Termsof Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

Documents

JCortazar