JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations ISSN NO: … · 2019-05-25 · voltage control based on the power angle and the use of electric springs (ES). This RCT method is

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM AND

IMPROVING THE VOLTAGE STABILITY AND POWER FACTOR

CORRECTION IN GRID BASED ON ELECTRIC SPRING CIRCUIT

Dr. P.Selvam., B.E,M.S, Ph.D.,HOD, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vinayaka Mission’s

Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (Deemed To Be University),

Salem-636308, Tamilnadu, India.

G.Kandasamy, PG Scholar, M.E – Power Electronics and Drives,Department of Electrical and Electronics

Engineering, Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research

Foundation (Deemed To Be University), Salem-636308, Tamilnadu, India.

ABSTRACT

Electric Spring solves the voltage

fluctuations problem due to the substantial impact of

intermittent Renewable energy sources. Electric

Spring is effective in maintaining the grid having

intermittent renewable sources and enabling load

demand to follow power generation. Various methods

such as direct control of the load, load scheduling,

energy storage, etc. are used to implement the DSM.

However, they may not be used in real-time, such as

load planning or May introduces to a customer such

as direct load control. Power factor correction (PFC)

methods like parallel capacitors and shunt condensers

work absolutely in a conventionalgrid. Their

positions are determined by the reactiveload and

losses in the distribution system. With the increasein

non-linear loads and advancement in power

electronicsthe electric spring within the enhanced

control plan toprovide power and voltage stability

and overall power factor correction, a feature that has

not to been explored in the literature. Against this

project, a comparative studyconventional control

scheme of ES is also carried out andpresented. The

idea of Electric Spring was introduced by drawing

parallels to a traditional mechanical spring.

Keyword:Renewable energy, Electric spring,

Controller, Converter.

I. INTRODUCTION

There has been essential to increasing the

use of renewable energy sources (RESs) in the recent

past, and it is expected to increase in the coming

years as well. Two of the most commonly used RESs

are wind and photovoltaic, which are highly

intermittent and distributed in nature. This makes the

control of such sources complicated and adds on

various power quality problems such as voltage

fluctuations. Hence there is a need to shift the control

from "a source following load" to "load the following

source." To implement this, we need loads which can

follow the fluctuations in RESs without affecting

their operational efficiency. In a building, there are

several loads which can do this such as refrigerators,

electric heaters, lighting, etc. Such loads are called

non-critical loads. The other category of loads is the

critical loads which cannot tolerate any fluctuations

for reliable operation. A new smart grid technology

called Electric Spring (ES) was introduced in 2012

which can regulate voltage fluctuations caused by

RES. ES is a power electronic device which is

connected in series with a non-critical load. This

combination is called a smart load. The ES is

controlled such that the voltage across the smart load

is always regulated at a reference voltage. The critical

loads are connected in parallel with the smart loads to

JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations

Volume VI, Issue V, May/2019

ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Page No:2050

obtain a regulated voltage. The ES is implemented

using a controlled voltage source. So by varying the

ES voltage, the non-critical load voltage varies which

changes the active and reactive power of the smart

load. The ES uses only reactive power compensation

to carry out the required operation.

Figure 1.1Renewable Energy Source of Electric

Spring in the Modulator

The Renewable Energy source is used in the

system like solar and wind are necessary components

for a sustainable microgrid of the future. However,

there is an unstable problem of voltage over their

intermediate and unexpected natural phase power.

Different methods have been proposed to both side

and load side to reduce these interruptions. Demand

Side Management (DSM) the renewable energy

source has been used as a method of intermittent

impact. Various techniques such as direct load

control, load scheduling, energy storage, etc. are used

to achieve the DSM. However, they cannot be used in

the system like load scheduling or might be intrusive

to a customer like direct load control. A new

appearance to DSM namely, Electric Spring (ES) was

introduced which can provide voltage and power

stability in real-time. The authors utilized only

reactive power compensation to provide voltage

support in real-time and load shedding for non-

critical loads. In the ac system, a unity power factor

performance is desirable to increase efficiency,

reduce losses, and increase effective power delivery,

economic advantages on grid-side equipment, etc.

power factor correction (PFC) methods like passive

capacitors and shunt condensers work correctly in the

conventional grid. Their placements are defined by

the reactive load and losses in the distribution system.

With the increase in non-linear loads and

advancement in power electronics, devices such as

DSTATCOM are being employed to improve power

quality. In future micro grids with substantial shared

Renewable energy sources that we wanted to see the

power factor correction as a DSM issue. Buildings

are going to be the finest elements in future

microgrids. It is explained that they have the

knowledge and ability to implement ES concepts

through various loads such as electric heaters and

refrigerators. The idea of ES can be extended further

to improve the power factor in a renewable energy-

powered microgrid. Since the ES is achieved through

an inverter and by utilizing its potential for both

active and reactive power compensation, this could

be made. The real power compensation has been used

to enhance power equalization in a three-phase

system and to increase the power factor without any

voltage or power regulation. The RCD control and

Novel control are some of the control methods to

incorporate power factor correction. Most regulatory

framework introduced by system and

neurotransmission (input voltage) power parameters

should be implemented, and the control strategy

won't be a demand-side solution. The control scheme

in decouples grid voltage regulation and PFC of the

ES-associated smart load and we demonstrate

implementation of the electric spring through an

improvised control scheme to provide the power and

voltage stability and overall power factor correction,



ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Page No:2051

an aspect that hasn't been explored yet in the

literature. Also, a similar study of this scheme versus

conventional control scheme of ES is also carried out

and presented.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

Electric spring is a new smart grid

technology which can regulate voltage fluctuations

caused due to the integration of intermittent

renewable energy sources. So far electrical springs.

Have been studied mostly with resistive loads which

are ON all the time. This analyses the performance of

electric spring when connected with different types of

variable loads. The circuit was modified such that

some of the loads are OFF for a certain part of the

simulation. The effect of load change on the

performance of electric spring did not vary with the

type of load [1].As more and more renewable energy

sources are connected into the power grid, the

fluctuating of renewable energy, such as wind and

solar power, will result in an imbalance of grid

voltage, a variation of frequency and other

parameters. To keep the power system stable, an

electronic equipment "electric spring" is put forward.

The electric spring concept is proposed to alleviate

the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources,

but recent research is only concentrated in the linear

load [2].A radial-choral decomposition (RCD)

technique is proposed to disconnect a smart load

voltage control based on the power angle and the use

of electric springs (ES). This RCT method is

provided by mathematics. A comprehensive

comparison between the existing ES control schemes

and the proposed RCD approach shows its

uninterrupted feature and the merit on achieving

multiple functionalities with a single ES [3].

Electric Spring (ES) was initially proposed

renewable power generation was introduced in a

shared demand side management technology for

adaptive noncritical loads. The second generation of

ES, batteries can create a new kind of smart burden

and distributed power saving technology alongside

smart grids, relating to feeds and a noncritical load

[4].Electric Spring is an emerging technology that

has been proven to be helpful for intermediate

renewable energy sources to drive the need to load

the power grid standard and II with the substantial

penetration of the power grid. A reaction power

controller provides input of new electric power to the

anti-smart grid applications through input voltage

control output voltage control [5].The power factor

correction circuit effect system is currently used to

eliminate sync. This type of power factor correction

circuit is often used as a reluctant motor controller

driver. Fixed condenser systems always lead the

power factor under any load situations. It is unhealthy

for the establishment of this power structure. In the

proposed embedded systems the driver is used to

reduce the cost of equipment and increase computer

efficiency [6].

When using recently-developed active

power factor correction (APFC) controllers in power

systems comprised of dual-opposed free-piston

Sterling converters, a variety of configurations of the

converters and controller(s) can be considered, with

configuration ultimately selected based on benefits of

efficiency, reliability, and robust operation. The

arrangement must not only achieve stable control of

the two converters but also synchronize and regulate

the motion of the pistons to minimize net dynamic

forces [7].The aspects regarding control strategies for

Power Factor Correction (PFC) converters are

investigated. The primary control techniques to

absorb sinusoidal input currents to boost PFC's are

reviewed and analyzed. Their extension to other



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converter topologies is discussed, and some

experimental results for a PFC based on the topology

are reported, which allow comparison of converter

performance with different control techniques

[8].The use of ‘Electric Springs' is a novel way of

distributed voltage control while simultaneously

achieving effective demand-side management

through modulation of non-critical loads in response

to the fluctuations in intermittent renewable energy

sources (e.g., wind). The proof-of-concept has been

successfully demonstrated on a simple 10 kVA test

system hardware [9].The concept of electric springs

(ESs) has been proposed as a new solution for

stabilizing power grid fed by intermittent renewable

energy sources. With a battery or active power source

(DC, on the inside), the ESs can provide both active

and reactive power compensations. So far, three

typical topologies of single-phase ESs have been

reported [10].

III.PROPOSED SYSTEM

The electric spring is a new technology

proven to be useful in stabilizing smart grid with

substantial diffusion of intermittent renewable energy

sources and enabling load demand to follow power

generation. A reactive power controller provides the

input of new electric power facilities that are suitable

for anti-smart grid applications through the input

voltage control output voltage control. This project

has been demonstrated by such deliberate control

transformation effects and has been demonstrated by

the use of electric fountains in the power grid to

reduce power requirements and practically a 90 kV a

power plant has been described. Unlike traditional

STATCOM and standard VAR related compensation

technologies, the power of the spring reaction

provides only the power outage but the automatic

power variant in non-cryptic loads. Such a favorable

feature enables noncritical loads with embedded

electrical springs to be adaptive to the future power

grid. As a result, the need for the load can be imposed

by power generation and energy buffer so the energy

storage requirements can be reduced.

Figure 2 Proposed Block Diagram

Now an AC generator can be positive or

negative depending on whether a power grid is

emitted from the power saving device or the charging

device, considering a general power source with

energy savings (battery banks).The difference of the

energy storage requirements with and without the

electric spring can be obtained by subtractingA boost

converter (step-up converter) is a DC-to-DC power

converter that steps up the voltage from its input

supply to its output load. Here cascaded dc-dc

converter is used for improving high efficiency of the

circuit a power inverter, or inverter current (AC) is an

electronic device or circuit that replaces the

alternative live current (DC).Electronic filters are

especially circuits to remove the elements with

unnecessary frequency signals, which have circular

processing functions. A smart grid is a power

network based on digital technology that is used to

provide consumers with electricity via a two-way

digital connection. The smart grid was introduced to

overcome the weaknesses of conventional electrical

grids by using smart net meters.



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3.1 Wind Energy

Horizontal axis air machines and vertical

axis wind engines: There are two types of wind

energy used today based on the orientation of the

rotation of the axis. The amount of air engines is

different. Smaller furnaces used to pay for a single

home or business may have a capacity of less than

100 kilowatts.

Figure 3 Wind Power Plant

Wind power engines, or wind farms, are

sometimes called clusters of wind systems as they are

sometimes called. A windmill usually has dozens of

wind engines scattered throughout a large area. And

this wind turbine generates electric power, and it's

given to the AC to DC converter and whole system

operation.

3.2 AC to DC Converter

Due to the power of the power, a direct

current (DC) is transported to flow in a direction

where a non-voltage fixed voltage or alternating

current (AC) flowing forward will flow. AC is the

standard method of transporting power because it

offers many advantages to DC which include the

simplest way of converting between voltage levels

thanks to lower distribution costs and transformer

innovation.

Figure 4 AC to DC Converter

Its voltage has been replaced by alternators

such as triggers (L) reaction impedance components,

and condensers (C), a, variable alternating current,

where it is stored and coordinated. This process

separates the relative power of positive and negative

energy. Filters are used to soften out the energy

stored, resulting in the creation of a DC source for

other circuits.

3.3DC to AC Inverter

Battery DC output is converted to an AC

using a DC AC inverter after bucked or increased

demand. An inverter function must change the DC

input voltage as desired voltage and voltage as an

asymmetric AC output voltage. The best inverter's

output voltage should be the sine curve for

waveforms. However, practical inverters have a non-

wavelength signal and some synchronization.

Figure 5 DC to AC Inverter

Thus, for example, the source of input

power may be utility ac voltage supply that is

converted, to do by an AC TO DC converter and then

inverted‟ back to ac using an inverter. Here, the final



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output may be of a different frequency and

magnitude than the input ac of the utility supply.

Typical Applications such as Un-interruptible Power

Supply.

3.4 Electric spring

Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) like

solar and wind are indispensable components for a

sustainable future. The concept of ‘Electric Spring

(ES)' has been proposed recently as an effective

means of assigned voltage control. The concept is to

regulate the voltage across the ‘critical loads' while

allowing the ‘non-critical' impedance-type loads

(e.g., water heaters) to vary their power using and

thus contribute to demand-side response.

Figure 6 Electric Spring

The concept of Electric Spring was

introduced by drawing parallels to a traditional

mechanical spring. In a weakly regulated grid, it

could be realized through an inverter and is attached

in series with non-critical loads, such as air

conditioners, to form a smart load. In parallel to this

smart load, critical loads like a building’s security

system are connected.

3.5 Controller

In this system, the controller is used to

control the electric spring circuit. This electrical

spring circuit is used to compensate the system

output voltage in the unbalanced condition. The

voltage sensor is used to analyze the source voltage

and output voltage and give the analysis data to the

controller. If any unbalanced condition occurs in the

load side, the electric spring circuit gives the

compensating voltage to the system.

3.6 Voltage Sensor:

An electrical power system for this

conclusion is used to a system voltage or voltage

transformer with a low-value system voltage that can

not be delivered to meter and circuits. Commercially

available relays and meter low voltage is designed for

safety and measurement. This is the simplest form of

potential transformer definition.

Figure 7 Voltage Sensor

Voltage Transformer or Potential

Transformer Theory voltage transformer theory or

potential transformer theory is just like a theory of

general purpose step down transformer. The

transformer is connected to the main stage and

outside the ground. Only the purpose, the possible

transformer, namely the transformer used for this

conclusion, the PT has the low curves that windings.

This requires the accuracy of the current transformer,

but what is important is that the system voltage of the

second circuit is a low voltage to be isolated.



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IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Figure 8 Proposed Simulation Diagram

The above demonstrates the Simulink model

of dual converter power supply system using the

different quadrant operation. In that immediate speed

variation, the power factor is maintained as the unity

value.

Figure 9Different Speed Response

The above figure shows the simulation result

of step response in reverse motoring for the proposed

four quadrants dual converter dc motor drive system

with the reference with different speed response.

Figure 10 Simulation Result of Step Response

The above figure shows the simulation result

of step response in forwarding motoring for the

proposed four quadrants dual converter dc motor

drive system with a different speed response.

V. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 11 Circuit Diagram

In this circuit diagram clearly shows the

system model and electric spring circuit. In this

system, the wind power plant is given the source

voltage and it's converted to dc voltage because of

stable power is given to the load. The converted DC

voltage is given to the inverter DC to AC conversion,

and the AC power is given to the load. In any load

unbalance in the system voltage the electric spring

compensates for the output voltage and also increase

the system efficiency and reduce the losses.

5.1 Hardware Simulation Model

Figure 12 Hardware simulation Model

Q4

D1

Q1

Q4

Q1

Load

D2

BT1

Voltage sensor

D3

U1

Controller

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

MCLR/VPP/THV

RA0/AN0

RA1/AN1

RA2/AN2/VREF-

RA3/AN3/VREF+

RA4/T0CKI

RA5/SS/AN4

OSC1/CLKIN

OSC2/CLKOUT

RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI

RC1/T1OSI/CCP2

RC2/CCP1

RC3/SCK/SCL

RC4/SDI/SDA

RC5/SDO

RC6/TX/CK

RC7/RX/DT

VDD

RB0/INT

RB1

RB2

RB3/PGM

RB4

RB5

RB6/PGC

RB7/PGD

Q2

C1

D4

Q3

Wind

Voltage sensor

Q2

Filter

Q3

L1



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Figure 12 represents the proposed Hardware

for the renewable energy system and

improving the voltage stability, and it

mainly contain AC-DC converter, DC-AC

Inverter, and PIC controller, transformer and

load system.

The voltage sensor is connected between the

energy source and AC to DC converter for

sensing the input voltage and send feedback

to controller.

At the initial stage of operation the battery is

connected to the whole circuit and initially

input supply connected to AC supply.

The AC To DC converter is the converting

the AC input supply and DC supply is

connected to the inverter while converting

AC to DC

The both current and voltage sensor is

provide feedback to the PIC16f877A

controller and it connected to the nonlinear

load

5.2 Hardware Output Tabulation

Hardware Specificatio

n

Input

Range

s

Output

Ranges

Battery Input power 12V 1.3A

Microcontrolle

r

PIC

(16f877a)

5V DC 5V DC

Rectifier Input power 12V

AC

12V DC

Inverter Output

power

12V

DC

12V AC

Boost

converter

Regulating

power

12V 0-50v

Transformer step-up 24VA

C

230VA

C

Motor Load 12 DC 12 DC

to up to

24V

Load Load 230V 4 A

5.3 ADVANTAGES

Better control.

Can use any instrumentation.

Can have more than one subject interact.

5.4 APPLICATIONS

Voltage support.

Electrical energy.

Electrical oscillation damping.

Series with the non-critical load.

VI. CONCLUSION

The differences between the output voltage

control and the input voltage control of a reactive

power controller are highlighted. An analytical and

practical stabilization power supply is shown to show

that a power grid can be made to reduce the power

consumption of a power plant when it is a useful but

costly means of coping with energy savings and

power. Electrical springs allow the non-critical load

power to vary with the renewable energy profile. By

reducing the power imbalance of electricity and

demand, the electrical springs require a non-critical

burden to allow the power generated pattern to

minimize power storage requirements for the power

grid. This important statistic has been proven

theoretically, and in practice, a test system is

checked. Due to the advantageous features such as

enabling the load demand to follow the power

generation, the reduction of energy storage

requirements, the reactive power compensation for

voltage regulation, and the possibility of both active



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and reactive power control, electric springs open a

door to distributed stability control for future smart

grid with substantial penetration of intermittent

renewable energy sources.

VII. REFERENCES

1. Binita Sen, Ren Kailin, Romika Sharma,

“Performance Evaluation of Electric Spring: Effect of

Load Variation on Voltage Regulation” 2016 Ieee

International Conference Pp 978-1-5090-5200-4

2. Sushuang Zhang, Dongyuan Qiu “Study On the

Characteristics of Electric Spring with Nonlinear

Load” 2016 Ieee 8th International Power Electronics

Pp978-1-5090-1210-7

3. Kwan-Tat Mok, Siew-Chong Tan Senior,

“Decoupled Power Angle and Voltage Control of

Electric

Springs"10.1109/Tpel.2015.2424153,IEEETransactio

ns on Power Electronics, 2015.

4. Shuo Yan, Siew-Chong Tan, Chi-Kwan Lee, “Use

Of Smart Loads For Power Quality Improvement” Pp

2168-6777 (C) 2016 IEEE Journal.

5. Chi Kwan Lee, Shu Yuen (Ron) Hui, “Reduction

Of Energy Storage Requirements In Future Smart

Grid Using Electric Springs” Ieee Transactions On

Smart Gridpp1949-3053 Year 2013

6. M.Ravindran, V.Kirubakaran “Electrical Energy

Conservation in Automatic Power Factor Correction

by Embedded System” Energy and Power 2012, 2(4):

51-54

7. Timothy F. Regan, Edward J. Lewandowski

“Control Of Dual-Opposed Stirling Converters with

Active Power Factor Correction Controllers" The

Year 2018 Pp-10-31t07:17

8. L. Rossetto, G. Spiazzi, P. Tenti “Control

Techniques for Power Factor Correction Converters”

Pp 35131 Year2010

9. Nilanjan Ray Chaudhuri, Chi Kwan Lee “Dynamic

Modeling of Electric Springs”IEEETransactions On

Industrial Informatics, Vol. 7, Pp. 381-388, 2011.

10. Qingsong Wang, Panhong Chen Fujin Deng Ming

Cheng Giuseppe Buja “The State Of The Art ofthe

Control Strategies for Single-Phase Electric Springs”

Appl. Sci. 2018, Pp8112019.

LIST OF JOURNALS

1. P.Selvam, Dr. M. Y. Sanavullah, Dr. A.

Nagappan “Analysis of Voice Signal

recognition using embedded System”,

International Journal of Emerging Technologies

and Applications in Engineering, Technology

and Sciences, ISSN 0974-3588 Vol 3, Issue 1,

pp 437- 439 Jan 2010.

2. P.Selvam, Dr. M. Y. Sanavullah “ A Novel

Approach of Computing A Diagnoalisation

Matrix Method for Solving An Evaluation

Problem of Home Automation Speech

Recognition System in Hidden Markov model

”, International Journal of Engineering

Research and Industrial Applications, ISSN

0974-1518 Vol 3, No. 1, pp 351-362, Feb 2010

3. PK Kumaresan, P Selvam, KT Sikamani, M

Kannan, P Senguttuvan "An Efficient

Categorization Of Content Based Region

Oriented Database Retrieval And Data mining",

International Journal of Emerging Technologies

and Applications in Engineering, Technology

and Sciences, ISSN 0974-3588 Vol. 3, Issue 1,

PP 437- 439, 2010



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4. P.Selvam, M.Y.Sanavullah., “An Effective

Method For Solving An Evaluation Problem Of

Speech Recognition System In Hidden Markov

Model”, in International Engineering and

Technology Journal of Information Systems,

Vol.2, No. 3, pp251-262, June 2010. (ISSN:

0973 – 8053)

5. P.Selvam A.Angappan., “Voltage Control

Strategies for Static synchronous Compensators

under unbalanced Line voltage sage", in

International Journal of Advanced Research in

electrical, electronics and Instrumentation

Engineering, Vol 4, Issue 5, pp 4760-4768,

May 2015, ISSN:2320 to 3765)

6. Dr.P.Selvam,S.Subramanian,G.Ramakrishnapra

bhu, "Multi-Input port Full Bridge Bidirectional

DC-DC converter for renewable energy based

DC drive, in International Journal of Electrical

and Electronics research, Vol 3, issue 3, pp 21-

34, Sep 2015, ISSN 2348-6988

7. Dr.P.Selvam, Ms. Sakthi Devi. P, “The Cause,

Impacts, And Remedies Of Global Climate

Change," in International Journal of Advanced

Research in Electrical, Electronics and

Instrumentation Engineering, Vol 5, issue 6, PP

121-134, Jun 2015, ISSN 2278-8875.

8. Dr.P.Selvam, "Harmonic Elimination in High

Power Led Lighting System using Fuzzy Logic

Controller" in International Journal of advanced

research in Electrical and Instrumentation

Engineering, Vol 5, issue 6, pp 121-134, Jun

2016, ISSN 2278-8875.

9. Dr.P.Selvam, "A Novel Topology for WSN

Based Monitoring and Controlling of Induction

Motor" in International Journal of Advanced

Research in Electrical, Electronics and

Instrumentation Engineering, Vol 5, issue 6, pp

221-234, Jun 2016, ISSN 2278-8875.

10. Dr.P.Selvam, "Residential Customer Energy

Behavioural Demand Information Provider

using GSM Technology" International Journal

of Innovative Research in Science and

Technology, Vol 5, issue 7, PP. 21-34, Jul

2016, ISSN 2319-8753.

11. Dr.P.Selvam, "Static VAR Compensator with

Minimised – Equipped Capacitor for and Grid

Applications" International Journal of

Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics

and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol 5, issue

6, pp, Jun 2016, ISSN 2278-8875.

12. Dr.P.Selvam, M.P.Sakthivel, "Power Quality

Renewable energy efficient use of Grid by

Wind Intelligent Technique, in International

Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering, Vol 5, issue

11, pp, Nov 2017, ISSN 2320-9801.

13. P.Selvam, Mr.D.Madeshwaran, "Reactive

power control of doubly fed induction

Generator in what energy conversion System

using Fuzzy logic Controller', in International

Journal of Advance Research in Science and

Engineering, Vol 7, issue 1, pp 500-514, Jan

2018, ISSN 2319-8354.

14. Dr.P.Selvam, Mr.N.Stalin, "Power Transfer

efficiency Analysis of Double Intermediate-

Resonator for Wireless Power Transfer," in

International Journal of Advances in

Engineering and Emerging Technology, Vol 9,

issue 3, pp 130-141, July 2018, ISSN 2321-

452X.

15. Dr.P.Selvam, Mr.P.S. Karl Marx, "A New

Harmonic Reduced 3 - Phase Thyristor

Controlled Reactor for Static VAR



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Compensators, in Excel International Journal

Technology, Engineering and Management,

Vol 5, issue 2, pp 42-46, July 2018, ISSN

2349-8455.



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JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations ISSN NO: … · 2019-05-25 · voltage control based on the power angle and the use of electric springs (ES). This RCT method is