Japanese Pilot Association Pilot Ladders_v3

7/31/2019 Japanese Pilot Association Pilot Ladders_v3

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PILOT TRANSFER ARRANGEMENTS

AND

THEIR OPERATIONS

March 2004

JAPANESE PILOTS' ASSOCIATIONhttp://www.pilot.or.jp


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P R E F A C E

The re a re le ga lly pre s c ribe d pilota ge dis tric ts in J a pa n a nd a bout 700

p il ot s r e n de r p il ot a g e s er v ice s for a b ou t 1 70 ,0 00 s h ip s e ve r y ye a r . I n t h e

cou r s e of t h e ir d u t ie s, p il ot s m u s t p er for m a d a n ge r ou s p r oce du r e ca l le d

t r a n s fe r . T h er e h a v e b ee n a la r g e n u m b e r of a c ci de n t s r e su l t in g in b od il y

injurie s, including compa ra t ive ly m inor injurie s during tra ns fe r. In re ce nt

ye a rs , s even fa ta l a ccide nts ha ve occurr e d from 1993 to 2003, a nd the re fore

assur ing safety pilot's t ra nsfer is one of th e m ajor problems to be t ackled.

Regiona l pilots ' a s s ocia tions a nd our own a s s ocia tion ha ve ta ke n a

va rie ty of counte rme a s ure s to e ns ure t he s a fety t ra ns fer. However, in s pite of

strength ening safety measur es for self-protection, pilots are forced to depend

upon the ship for the pilot transfer arrangements and their operations.

We b el ie ve t h a t con ce r n ove r t h e s a fe t y i ss u e ca n b e s h a r e d a m on g

pilots regardless of nationality. In view of this, the Japanese Pilots' Association,

as a member of the Int ernat ional Maritime Pilots' Association, h as filed various

p r op os a ls t o I MO t o r e view t h e r ela t ed r egu la t ion s of t h e in t er n a t ion a l

convent ion as necessar y.

"The International Convention on Safety of Life at Sea, 1974" Chapter

V h a s become e ffe ctive from J uly 2002, in this opportu nity we re vise d the

b r och u r e for t h e p a r t i es con ce r n ed . We h op e t h i s w ill b e of s om e h e lp in

gett ing your fur th er underst anding of the sa fety of pilot tr ansfer.

SHOJI ARAGANE

President

Japanese Pilots' Association


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Terminology used in this brochure

[Related to Rules]

Interna tional Maritime Organization, a special organization of th eIMO

United Na tions

I n te r Gover n m en t a l Ma r it im e Con su lt a t ive Or ga n iza t ion , t h eIMCO

former name of IMO

New rules of the International Convention for the Safety of Life atNew SOLAS

Sea, 1974. Regulation 23, Chapter V of SOLAS was revised a t the

I MO M a r it i m e S a fe t y C om m it t e e h e ld on De ce m be r 2 00 0. T h e

regulation became effective on 1 July 2002

Old regulations of SOLAS before the revision mentioned aboveOld SOLASGeneral abbreviation used for the above when there is no necessitySOLAS

for distinguishing between old an d n ew SOLAS

T h e r e s ol u t ion "R ecom m e n d a t i on on P e r for m a n c e S t a n d a r d s forA275

Mechanical Pilot Hoists" adopted at the 8th Assembly of IMCO on 20

November 1973

The resolution "Recommendat ion on Arra ngements for Embar kingA426

a n d D i s e m b a r k i n g P i l o t s i n V e r y L a r g e S h i p s " a d o p t e d a t t h e 1 1 t h

Assembly of IMCO on 15 November 1979

The resolution "Recommendat ion on Pilot tra nsfer Arra ngements"A667

adopted at the 16th Assembly of IMO on 19 October 1989

"I S O 7 99 " of t h e I n t e r n a t i on a l or g a n iz a t ion for S t a n d a r d iz a t ionISO Standards

established on 1 July 1980

"J I S F 2 61 5-1 98 2" of J a p a n e s e I n d u st r i a l S t a n d a r d s r e vi se d on 1JIS

February 1982

J a p a n e se P i lot s ' As s oci a t ion con s is t in g of p il ot s l ice n s ed b y t h eJPA

Governm ent of J apan

Interna tional Maritime Pilots ' Association, an internat ional pilots 'IMPA

organizat ion consisting of pilots from 46 leading ma ritime nat ions


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[Equipment related terminology]

SOLAS terminology has been used in principle to avoid confusion.

Accommodation ladder

A l a d d er u s e d i n con j u n ct i on w it h t h e p il ot l a d de r i f t h e d is t a n ce

fr om s ea l ev el t o t h e p oi n t of a cce ss t o, or e gr e s s fr om , t h e s h ip

exceeds 9 m

Combination ladder

A t r a ns fer a r ra n gem en t t h at com bin es a p ilot la dd er a n d a n

accommodation ladder

A ladder used for tra nsferring persons between ship and landGangway ladder

Refers to a mechanical pilot hoistHoist

Refers t o a step on th e ladderStepA t r a n s v er s e p ie ce of w ood t h a t p r e ve n t s t w is t in g of t h e l a dd er .Spreader

Referred to a s "batt en" in old SOLAS

Referred to as "embark and disembark" in old SOLASTransfer

Notation of the provisions

SOLAS, Domestic law

IMO recommendation A889

IMPA and/or JPA recommendation


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C O N T E N T S

. Accidents during Pilot Transfer

1. Number of accidents in the past E1

2. Examples of Accidents E1

. Results of Inspections on Pilot Transfer Arrangements and their operations

1. The Safety Campaign for Pilots' Transfer E4

2. Improvements E4

3. Deficiencies by Nationality of Ship E5

4. Deficiencies by Ship Type E5

. Regulations of Pilot Transfer Arrangements

1. SOLAS Convention and Related Recommendations E6

(1) Processes behind the revision to Chapter 5 of the SOLAS Convention E6

(2)IMO Recommendations E6

2. Related rules in Japan E10

(1) Pilotage Law E10

(2) Pilotage Agreement E10

(3) Regulations for Equipment of Ships E10

(4) Regulations for the Enforcement of the Ship Safety Law E11

(5) Notice by Ministry of Transport (current Ministry of Land,

Infrastructure and Transport) E11

SOLAS and Related rules

1. Application E12

2. General E13

Regular inspections E13

Means of communication, escort by a safe passage and

training of crew members etc. E14

3. Transfer arrangements E15

Means to rig pilot ladder on both sides of the ship E15

Position to rig pilot ladder and strength of securing strongpoints E15

Consideration at an early stage in ship design E16


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Construction of pilot ladders and dimensions of each part E18

Replacement steps E19

Spreaders E20

Dimensions and materials of the side ropes E21

Arrangements when the access height exceeds 9 metres E22

Accommodation ladders used in conjunction with pilot ladders (abstract) E22

Position of accommodation ladder E25

4. Access to the ship's deck E26

5. Shipside doors E28

6. Mechanical pilot hoists E29

Resolution on Mechanical Pilot Hoist E29

Position of mechanical pilot hoist E31Emergency hand gear E32

Rigging of hoist and means for ships equipped with belting E33

Rigging of the pilot ladder E33

Indication of the hoisting position on the ship's side E33

Protective stowage and means in very cold weather E34

7. Associated equipment E34

8. Lighting E36

9. Other Important Items E37

(1) How to rig the pilot ladder to the ship E37

(2) Retrieving lines to recover pilot ladders E38

(3) Transfer arrangements and passages in ships carrying

on-deck timber cargoes E39

(4) Use of gangway ladders E41

(5) Measures against ships not conforming to SOLAS E41

Provisions of the relevant conventions and recommendationsAppendix

SOLAS Chapter V Application E44

New SOLAS E45

A889 E49

Old SOLAS E56

A275 E59

A426 E64


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. Accidents during Pilot Transfer

1. Number of accidents in the past

A total of 57 accidents including 6

dea t hs wer e r ecor ded in t he 27 yea r s fr om Degr ee of in ju ry N um ber

1 9 7 6 t o 2 0 0 2 , a l l of w h i ch w e r e D ea t h 6

a t t r ib u t a b le t o d e ficie n cie s in p ilot P r escr ibed r est 2

t r a n s fe r a r r a n g em e n t s a n d eq u ip m en t , or m or e t h a n 1 ye a r

t h eir im pr oper u se. A su m m a r y of m or e t h a n 6 m on t h s 2

in ju r ie s s u s t a in ed i s s h own in t h e m or e t h a n 1 m on t h 15

followin g t a ble. It sh ou ld be bor n e in less t h a n 1 m on t h 32

m in d t h a t even a n a cciden t in volvin g a Tot a l 57s hor t p er iod of r ecu p er a t ion m ea n t a

narrow escape from death.

2. Examples of Accidents

From the above cases, the most frequent and dangerous cases are outlined for

your reference.

Case 1 : Slipping on a pilot ladder

during nighttime in March 1990

weather: cloudy, wind force: 3, wave height: 0.3 m

Cont ainer ship, flag Taiwan, 40,436 G/T

A pilot was shaken off and fell to the pilot boat from the third step

from the top when the pilot ladder suddenly slipped down about 1 m.

right wrist broken, thigh and occipital part bruised, obliged to quit

occupa tion due to a fter-effects, despite 7 m ont hs of prescribed rest

P ilot fa lli n g d u e t o s u dd en m ove m en t of l a dd er i s t h e m os t fr e qu e n t

a cci de n t in t h e t r a n s fe r p h a se . T h es e a r e a t t r i bu t a b le t o s im p le m is t a k es a s

follows:

* t a n g le d s id e r op e r e m a i n ed u n -e xt e n d ed i n si de b u lw a r k d u e t o i n su ffici en t

disposition,

* ladder suddenly loses its grip on the bulwark and quickly moves outboard when

the load of the pilot is applied to the first step.

This accident might have been prevented if a load test had been carried out on

the ladder prepared by the crew.


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Case 4 : Inappropriate setting of combination ladder

during daytime in April 1992

wind force: 3 4, swell: 3 m

Ore/Oil carrier, flag Brazil, 69,851 G/T

The pilot hit his head and left shoulder hard against the hull and

fell into the sea while descending when the ladder twisted due to the effect of the

washed lower ladder end.

death from drowning

The height of the pilot ladder above the water should be adjusted according

to the instructions of the pilot, depending on the specification of the pilot boat and

w ea t h e r a n d s ea con d it i on s . I f t h e p i lot l a dd e r i s s e t t oo l ow er i t m a y t w is t or

t u r n u n e x p e c t e d l y d u e t o t h e e f f e c t s o f w a v e s o r c u r r e n t s , a n d r a i s e s t h e g r a v e

h a z a r d of s h a k i n g off t h e h a n g in g p i lot . T h is p h e n om e n on a n d t h e s u b se qu e n t

hazard have been well demonstra ted in tests.

Case 5 : Accident with Mechanical Hoist

during daytime in February 1977

unknown

flag Liberia, 75,259 G/T

J u s t a ft e r t h e h oi st s t a r t e d l ow er i n g, t h e p il ot fe ll i n t o t h e s ea

from a height of 16 m. Despite a n investigation being conducted by the Ja panese

Ma r it im e S a fe t y Age ncy (cu r r en t J a p a n Coa st Gu a r d), t h e ca u se wa s n ot

identified.

death from drowning

Superficially using a mechanical hoist may seem by far the most convenient

means for the swift transfer of a pilot. However, it also involves some drawbacks

in t hat lifting an d descending movements of the pilot are totally dependent on the

s hip 's h a n d a n d t h e a bilit y of t h e p ilot t o p r ot ect h im se lf is lim it ed . I t is

e sp eci a lly a d ve n t u r ou s for t h e p ilot t o u s e t h is d evice w he n e n ga gin g h igh

fr e eb oa r d v es s el s i n r ou g h s e a s . Al t h ou g h u s e of a m e ch a n i ca l h oi st for h i gh

freeboard vessels was approved by SOLAS as revised in 1994, IMPA maintains its

stance as stated in its own 1992 resolution that use of a mechanical hoist should

be left to the judgment of each pilot.


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. Results of Inspections on Pilot Transfer Arrangements

and their operations

1. The Safety Campaign for Pilots' Transfer

Th e s afet y of p ilot t r a nsfer ca n not be en su r ed wit h ou t t h e gen er a l

understanding and cooperation of the ship's crew, even if we impose strict measures.

S o, w e h a ve r equ es t ed m a st e rs t o im p rove a n y d eficien cy in p ilot t r a n sfe r

arrangements and their use, whenever we find it.

Pilot Transfer Safety Campaign will be launched for one week from the first

we ek of J u l y eve ry yea r t o ca r r y ou t e nh a n ced in sp ect ion s of p ilot t r a n sfe r

ar ra ngement s. Any deficiency or m isuse foun d dur ing this period will also be advised

to th e m aster, r equesting appropriate improvement. (Data shown below a re t he r esultsof inspection in 2003.)

2. Improvements

The results of inspections, although quite short term, reveal that the ratio of

d efi ci en ci es h a s b ee n d e cr e a s in g e ve r y y ea r . I n p a r t i cu l a r , m a n y i m pr ov em e n t s t o

equipment and arrangements have been made, demonstrating cooperation and efforts

by shipping companies and their crews. Nonetheless, it should be borne in mind that

misuse would insta ntly nu llify t hese achievements. So, we will continue to provide

the necessary advice to keep the vessels concerned conscious about the safety of pilots'

transfer.

Offenses

Serious Offens es


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3. Deficiencies by Nationality of Ship

The results of inspections indicate that occurrences of deficiencies are greater

in vessels registered under flags of convenience, and seldom occur in ships under flags

of advanced ma ritime count ries in E urope, U.S., an d J apan.

O F FE N SE S B RO KE N DO WN B Y F L AG S

_________________2001______________2002_______________2003_________________

1. Ba h a m a s 0 / 28 0 / 28 2 / 26

2. Belize 0 / 2 3 / 4 2 / 6

3. Ca m bodia 3 / 6 3 / 3 0 / 3

4. Ch in a 5 / 49 2 / 38 3 / 35

5. Cypr u s 2 / 11 1 / 19 1 / 15

6. Den m a r k 0 / 18 0 / 11 2 / 11

7. D. P . R. Kor ea 0 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 18. Ger m a n y 1 / 17 0 / 11 0 / 8

9. Gr eece 0 / 6 1 / 23 1 / 9

10. It a ly 0 / 2 0 / 0 0 / 8

11. J a pa n 0 / 35 1 / 29 0 / 19

12. Kor ea 0 / 9 1 / 2 0 / 11

13. Liber ia 1 / 48 1 / 44 3 / 56

14. Ma la ysia 1 / 12 0 / 12 0 / 13

15. Ma r sh a ll Isla n ds 1 / 10 1 / 20 2 / 15

16. Nor wa y 0 / 13 0 / 16 1 / 19

17. P a n a m a 13 / 324 15 / 373 10 / 313

18. P h ilippin es 0 / 22 0 / 18 0 / 11

19. Sin ga por e 0 / 35 1 / 41 0 / 2420. Sweden 0 / 1 0 / 0 0 / 8

21. U. K. 0 / 2 1 / 7 0 / 6

22. U. S. A. 0 / 13 1 / 20 1 / 7

23. Ot h er s 4 / 64 2 / 64 0 / 22

Tot a l 31 / 729 35 / 785 29 / 643

4. Deficiencies by Ship Type

Size Less t h a n 3,000 t o 10,000 t o Over

3,000 G/T 10,000 G/T 50,000 G/T 50,000 G/T

Tot a l offen ses 3 12 10 5

Gr a n d Tot a l 14 75 425 129

Offen se r a t e 21.4 16.0 2.4 3.9

The ratio of deficiencies in smaller ships of less than 3,000 G/T is far larger

tha n tha t of ships larger th an 10,000 G/T.


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. Regulations of Pilot Transfer Arrangements

1. SOLAS Convention and Related Recommendations

(1) Processes behind the revision to Chapter 5 of the SOLAS Convention

* Pilot Transfer Arrangements and Equipment and their operations are laid down in

SOLAS a s m andat ory r equirements.

* Deliberations had been carried on since 1997 to reorganize and rearrange Regulation

17, but relevant requirements were reformed under Regulation 23, and taking the

o p p o r t u n i t y o f a d o p t i n g t h e e n t i r e C h a p t e r 5 a t t h e 7 3 r d s e s s i o n o f t h e M a r i t i m e

Safety Committee in 2000, they came into effect as the new SOLAS on 1 July, 2002.

* Before the above SOLAS Convention came into effect, the Recommendation on Pilot

T r a n s fe r Ar r a n g e m en t s a n d E q u ip m e n t , p r e scr i bi n g t h e d et a i le d r e qu i r em e n t s of SOLAS was adopted as IMO Resolution A 889 at the 21st General Assembly of IMO.

C a m e i n t o e ffe ct on C a m e i n t o e ffe ct on

1 J a n u a r y 1994 1 J uly 2002

Con ven tion r egu la tion Regu la tion 17 Regu la tion 23

(Ma n da t or y r equ ir em en t s) Ch a pt er 5 Ch a pt er 5

Recom m en da t ion I MO Recom m en da t ion I MO Recom m en da t ion

A 667 (16) A 889 (21)

(2)IMO Recommendations

* I MP A pr e pa r e d a p os t er i llu s t r a t in g t h e p ilot t r a n s fe r a r r a n ge m en t s a n d t h e ir

operational requirements in accordance with SOLAS, and recommendations by IMO

and IMPA in a readily understandable format, and the poster was approved by IMO

in 1995.

Refer to MSC/Circ.568/Rev.1 "REQUIRED BOARDING ARRANGEMENTS FOR

PILOT"

* J P A a r r a n ge d t o p r in t t h e p os t er a ffixe d wit h J a p a n es e t r a n sla t ion s a n d t o

distribute copies of t he poster thr ough regional pilots ' associations and shipping

companies for posting t hem on the navigation bridge of individual ships. You are

requested to review them. And a lso Russian, Chinese and Korean version a re ready

to download on our web site.

* Pay attention to the following points when referring to the poster:

- See "Caut ions for Mecha nical Pilot Hoist" print ed on th e back of th e poster.

- Man-ropes should be ready for immediate use even in the case of pilot transfers

using a combination ladder, although this is not depicted in the poster.


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- It is desirable to provide the bulwark ladder with handrails "Access to the ship",

although this is not depicted in the poster.

- D im e n s ion s of a p il ot l a dd e r a n d a s s oci a t ed e qu i pm e n t i n t h e p os t e r a r e t o b e

based upon the requirements of the new SOLAS and A889, but they may be based

upon the requirements of the old SOLAS for existing arrangements.


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IMPA poster / adverse side


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IMPA poster / back side


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2. Related rules in Japan

(1) Pilotage Law

Safety means for pilot transfer

A r t i c l e 1 9 T h e m a s t e r o f t h e s h i p s h a l l t a k e a d e q u a t e m e a s u r e s t o e n s u r e

safety for the transfer of the pilot.

(2) Pilotage Agreement Based on Article 22-2 of the Pilotage Law

Limitation of the agreement

Art icle 6 The pilot can refuse his services in t he following cases:(4) When th e boarding facilities a re not considered dependa ble.

Safe m eans of embarking and disembarking

Article 8-1 When a pilot embar ks or disembarks, the mast er of the ship shall take

every precaution for the safety of the pilot and pilot boat by keeping to the

lee side, reducing the ship's speed properly or stopping the engine.

Article 8-2 The mast er of the ship shall ensure th at the pilot ladder etc. conform to

t h e r equ ir em en t s of Regu la t ion 17, Ch a pt er V of t h e I nt er n at ion a l

Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974. The master shall also ensure

that the pilot ladder is secured at a proper height so that its lowest step may

reach the pilot boat, but not become awash the sea surface by being too long.

Ar t icle 8-3 Wh er e a n a ccid en t s uch a s a pilot fa llin g t a kes pla ce d ur in g

e m ba r k a t i on or d is em b a r k a t i on of t h e p il ot , t h e m a s t e r s h a l l t r y t o w h a t i s

f o r s a v i n g a n d t r e a t i n g t h e p i l o t , a n d s h a l l a c c e d e t o t h e r e q u e s t f r o m t h e

said pilot or his representative to make documents certifying the accident.

(3) Regulations for Equipment of Ships

Part 3 Equipment for Navigation etc.

Chapter 3 Equipment for Navigation

- Art icle 146-39 Requirements for P ilot La dders

(S h ip s w it h a g r os s t on n a g e l es s t h a n 1 ,0 00 t on s n ot e n ga g ed on i n t er n a t i on a l

voya ge s or s h ip s n ot r e qu ir in g p il ot a ge s er vi ce s m a y b e e xe m pt e d fr om t h e

requirements)

P a r t 7 S p eci a l Ar r a n g e m en t s


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Chapter 1 Pilot Hoists

- Article 305 Arra ngements

- Art icle 306 Safety Fa ctors

- Art icle 307 Length of Main Falls

- Art icle 309 Perform an ce, Const ruction an d Dimensions

- Art icle 310 Light ing an d Stowage

- Article 311 Other Necessary Means

(4) Regulations for the Enforcement of the Ship Safety Law

- Art icle 56-2 Allowable work ing loads for hoists

- Art icle 60-2 Insp ection of hoists

- Art icle 64 Restrictions on th e use of pilot ladders etc.

(5) Notice by Ministry of Transport (current Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport)

T o c om p le m en t t h os e it e m s of t h e S OL AS r e qu ir e m en t s n ot p r es cr i be d in t h e

P i lot a g e L a w, t h e R egu l a t ion s for S h ip 's E q u ip m e n t a n d t h e R eg u la t i on s for t h e

Enforcement of t he Ship Sa fety Law, th e following notices have been issued by th e

Ministry of Transport:

- Notice from t he Director-General of th e Mar itime Technology and Safety Burea u

I t s u m m a r iz es d et a i le d r e qu ir e m en t s for p ilot t r a n s fe r a r r a n ge m en t s a n d i s

addressed to District Transport Bureaux etc. (the contents are omitted).

- Notice from the Director of t he Ship Officers Division, Seafarers Depart ment,

Maritime Technology and Safety Bureau

This notifies the operational requirements for pilot transfer arrangement to those

concerned (the text is omitted).


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1.3 Equipment and arr angements pr ovided before 1 J anua ry 1994:

- Shall conform at least to the r equirements of the old SOLAS.

- Sha ll observe both A275 Recomm endat ion a nd A426 Recomm endat ion.

1.4 Equipment and arrangements replaced after 1 January 1994:

- Shall conform to the requirements of the r evised Convention rules as

far as is reasonable and practicable.

* Recommendations mentioned below are shown at the end of the book.

- A275 Recomm endat ion on Perform an ce St an dar ds for Mecha nical P ilot Hoists

- A426 Recommendat ion on Arra ngement for Embar king an d Disembarking Pilots

in Very Large Ships

- A889 Recomm endat ion on P ilot Tran sfer Arra ngement s

* The new SOLAS provides that "due regard shall be paid to " in 1.2 and 1.3, above

on t h e b a s is of t h e s t a n d a r d i n e a ch r e com m e n d a t i on a d op t e d b y l MO . H o we ve r ,

t h es e r ecom m en d a t ion s a r e con s id er ed t o com p le m en t t h e C on ve n tion 's

requirements in a concrete manner, and compliance is understood to be obligatory.

* In case of "1.3 Equipment and arrangements provided before 1 January 1994", the

new SOLAS applies to the operational mat ters.

2. General

Regular inspections

2.1 All arrangements used for . . . the appliances shall be kept clean, properly

m a i n t a i n e d a n d s t o w e d a n d s h a l l b e r e g u l a r l y i n s p e c t e d t o e n s u r e t h a t

they ar e safe to use.

* I t is i m por t a n t t o in s pe ct p ilot t r a n s fe r a r r a n g em e n t s s u ch a s p il ot la d d er s a n d

ancillary equipment for wear and defects. Inspections shall be carried out, at least

be for e a n d a ft er u sin g t h e p ilot la d der . I t is n ece ss a ry t o ca r r y ou t r ep a ir s

im m e dia t e ly, if a b n or m a l it i es a r e fou n d . P r e ca u t i on s s h ou ld b e t a k e n for t h e

following items specifically:

- Inspections of the pilot ladder itself and a ncillary equipment for wear a nd t ear.

- Immediate reconditioning/repairs of a bnorma lities discovered in the inspection

and cleaning.


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- Proper stowage of the pilot ladder to prevent it from fouling, wear and forma tion

of ice.

- Others necessary for preventing danger.

* Inspections of pilot hoists, which are mechan ical, ar e part icularly important. It is

n e ce s sa r y t o t h or ou g h ly i n sp ect t h e m i n a ccor d a n ce w it h t h e r e qu i r em e n t s of t h e

maintenance manual prescribed in 4.1.2 of A889.

Means of communication, escort by a safe passage and training of crew

members etc.

2.2 The rigging of the pilot transfer arrangements and the embarkation of a

p il ot s h a ll b e s u pe r vis ed b y a r e sp on s ib le offi ce r h a vin g m e a n s of

commu nication with the navigation bridge who shall a lso arr ange for the

e scor t of t h e p il ot b y a s a fe r ou t e t o a n d fr om t h e n a v iga t i on b r id ge .

Personnel engaged in rigging and operating any mechan ical equipment

s ha ll be in st r u ct ed in t h e s afe pr oced ur es t o be a dop ted a n d t h e

equipment shall be tested prior to use.

* S h ip 's office r s r e fe r r ed t o h e r e a r e

n a v ig a t in g offi ce r s w h o h a v e a m p l e

k n owl ed ge on t h e r e qu ir e m en t s of

SOLAS.

* Means of communication between the

officer and the navigation bridge is a

p or t a ble t r a n sce iver . T his is for

communicating with the master or the

duty officer on the navigation bridge

t o e n s u r e s a fe p il ot t r a n s fe r t h r o u gh

cou r se a n d/or s peed ch a n ges a s

a p p r op r ia t e, or t o e n a bl e cr ew

members to take immediate actions in possible cases of the pilot falling to the sea or

his injury.

* Inadequate training of crew members who operate the arrangements might lead to a

fata l accident of th e pilot. In particular, it is n ecessary to pr ovide crew members of

the ship equipped with mechanical equipment - pilot hoists with adequate training

i n a ccor d a n ce w it h t h e m a n u a l p r e scr i be d i n 4 .7 .1 of A8 89 for p r op e r s t or a g e,assembly, rigging a nd operat ion of th e h oist.

Spilled oil on passage may cause slip!


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* The mechanical pilot hoist shall be tested before use for the safety.

* No requirements are provided in SOLAS, but safety precautions shall be exercised

on the following points:

- A p or t a b l e t r a n s ce iv er s h a ll b e ca r r i e d b y t h e offi ce r t o com m u n i ca t e w it h t h e

na vigation bridge.

- When a combination ladder is used, the officer shall stand at the lower platform of

the accommodation ladder.

- I t i s a d v i s a b l e t h a t a t l e a s t o n e c r e w m e m b e r o f t h e d e c k d e p a r t m e n t s h o u l d b e

accompanied to support the necessary operation.

3. Transfer arrangements

Means to rig pilot ladder on both sides of the ship

3 .1 Ar r a n gem en t s s h all be p r ovid ed t o en a ble t h e p ilot t o em ba r k a n d

disembark safely on either side of the ship.

3.2 t he a ccom moda tion la dder or m ech an ica l pilot h oist s t he

s h ip s h a l l ca r r y s u ch e qu i pm e n t on e a ch s id e , u n l es s t h e e qu i pm e n t i s

capable of being transferred for use on either side.

* The pilot normally transfers himself from or to the pilot boat on the lee side of the

ship in wind and waves. The pilot ladder shall, therefore, be ready to use either side

of the ship. Concretely, the following items shall be ready for use on both sides of

the ship:

- Safe points of access (including handhold stanchions and bulwark ladders)

- Ring plat es for rigging th e pilot ladder

- Lighting ar ran gement

Position to rig pilot ladder and strength of securing strongpoints3 .3 S afe a n d con ve nie nt a cce ss t o, a n d e gr es s fr om , t h e s hip s ha ll be

provided by either :

.1 a pilot ladder requiring a climb of not less tha n 1.5 m and not more than

9 m above the surface of the water so positioned a nd secured tha t:

.1.1 it is clear of any possible dischar ges from t he ship;

.1.2 it is wit h in t h e p a r a llel b od y le ngt h of t h e s h ip a n d, a s fa r a s is

practicable, within the mid-ship half length of the ship;


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* To ver ify wh et h er t h e 9-m et r e

cr it er ion is exce ed ed or n ot , t h e

h e igh t fr om t h e wa t e r t o t h e t op of

t h e bu lwa r k sh ou ld be m ea su r ed

wh en t h e pilot clim bs over t he

bu lwa r k, or t h e h eigh t fr om t h e

water to the top of the deck when the

p ilot d oe s n ot clim b ove r t h e

bulwark.

* W h en t h e h e igh t fr om t h e w a t er t o

the point of access to the ship is less

t h a n 1.5 m et r es , t h e p ilot s h ou ld

embark or disembark the ship directly without using the pilot ladder.

* D is t a n ce fr om d is ch a r ge s fr om t h e s h ip s h ou ld b e d et e r m in e d w it h a n a m p le

allowance taking into account the effects of wind and waves. If a sufficient distance

cannot be achieved due to the Structure of the sh ip with resultant splashes r eaching

the ladder, it should be stopped with a plug.

* Wi t h in t h e m id -s h ip h a lf

len gt h of t h e s hip is a s

shown in Figure below. In

t h e o l d S O L AS , t h e

r e qu i r em e n t i s d es cr i be d

a s "i t is cle a r s o fa r a s is

p r a ct ica b le of t h e fin er

lines of the ship"

Mid-ship half length of the ship

Consideration at an early stage in ship design

1 GENERAL

S h ip d es ign e r s a r e e n cou r a ge d t o con s id er a ll a s pe ct s of p ilot t r a n s fe r

a r r an gem en t s a t a n ea r ly st a ge in design . E qu ip men t des ign er s a n d

m a n u f a ct u r e r s a r e s im i la r l y e n cou r a g ed , p a r t i cu l a r ly w it h r e s pe ct t o t h e

provisions of par agra phs 2.1.2, 3.1 an d 3.3.

The ladder shall be clear from

any possible discharges.


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* T h e p os it i on of t h e l a dd er s h ou l d b e d et e r m i n ed b y p a yi n g s u ffi ci en t a t t e n t i on

during the early stage of construction of the ship.

* The contents of the provisions specifically shown are as follows:

- Paragraph 2.1.2: Means to make sure step rests firmly against the ship's side, also

means for belting.

- Paragraph 3.1: Securing position of the accommodation ladder, resting of the lower

platform against the ship's side and means for special types of ships.

- Paragraph 3.3: Levelling of the lower platform of the accommodation ladder when

in use.

.1 .3 e a ch s t ep r e st s fir m ly a ga in s t t h e s h ip 's s id e; wh e r e con s t r u ct i on a l

featur es, such as rubbing bands, would prevent the implementat ion of

t h i s p r ov is ion , s p eci a l a r r a n ge m e n t s s h a l l, t o t h e s a t i sfa ct i on of t h e

Ad m in i st r a t i on , b e m a d e t o e n s u r e t h a t p e r son s a r e a b le t o e m ba r k a n d

disembark safely;

* I t s hou ld be en s ur ed t h a t

ea ch s t ep of t h e p ilot

ladder rests firmly against

the ship's side.

* Ru bbin g ba nds a re t he

b e lt in g fi t t e d t o s h ip s

e n g a g e d o n v o y a g e s

involving frequent passages

through dock gates such as

in t he Gr ea t La kes of

Nort h America (also called

"longitudinal fixed fender"). A rubbing band, therefore, precludes the pilot ladder

from resting firmly against the ship's side, and is also dangerous for the pilot boat

when it comes alongside the ship.

* F or s h ip s w it h s u ch a con s t r u ct ion , s pe ci a l s a fe t y m e a su r e s s h a ll b e t a k e n b y

flattening t he portion of the face of the rubbing ban d where the pilot ladder is to be

rigged. Approval from the Administration is required for such a case.

* It is advisable t hat the measures stated above be considered dur ing the ship's designstage.

Example showing that each step of the pilot ladder

does not rest firmly against the ship's side firmly

against the ship's side


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.1.4 the single length of pilot ladder is capable of reaching the water from the

point of access to, or egress from, the ship and due allowance is made

for all conditions of loading and trim of the ship, and for an adverse list

of 15; the securing strong point, shackles and securing ropes shall be at

least as st rong as th e side ropes;

* Pilot ladders should not be used in

conjunction.

* I n cr e m en t L d u e t o a r e ve r se l is t

of 15 d egr ee s of t h e s hip ca n be

a p pr oxim a t e d a s s h ow n b elow

referring to the following figure.

* Positioning the pilot ladder for the

s h ip s ca r r y in g on -d eck t i m be r

ca r goe s s h ou ld b e r e fe r t o "P il ot

transfer arrangements and passages

for sh ips car rying on-deck car goes".

* See "Securing the pilot ladder firmly

against the ship's structure" for the height of the lower end of the pilot ladder from

the water when the ladder is actua lly rigged.

* T h e s t r en gt h of s ecu r in g s t r on g p oi n t s, s h a ck le s a n d s ecu r i ng r op es m u s t b e

equivalent to th at of the side r opes.

Construction of pilot ladders and dimensions of each part

2 .1 .2 T h e s t ep s of t h e p ilot l a dd er s s h ou ld com p ly w it h t h e foll ow in g

requirements:

.1 if made of hardwood, they should be m ade in one piece, free of knots;

.2 if made of mat erial other tha n har dwood, they should be of equivalent

s tr en gt h , st iffn es s a n d du r a bilit y t o t h e s at is fa ct ion of t h e

Administration;

.3 t h e fou r lowe st s t ep s m a y b e o f r u b be r of s u fficie n t s t r en gt h a n d

stiffness or other material to the satisfaction of the Administration;

.4 th ey should ha ve an efficient non-slip surface;

.5 t h e y s h ou l d b e n ot l es s t h a n 4 00 m m b et w ee n t h e s i de r o pe s, 1 15 m m

Length of the pilot ladder and

reverse list of 15 degrees


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- E19 -

wide and 25 mm in depth, excluding any non-slip device or grooving;

.6 they should be equally spaced not less than 300 mm or more than 380

m m a pa r t ; a n d

.7 t h ey s hou ld be s ecu r ed in s u ch a m a n n er t h a t e ach will r em a in

horizontal.

Materials of step

* It is defined in ISO that hardwood is ash, oak, elm, beech or teak, and equivalent

ch a r a ct e r is t ics r e fe r t o e qu i va l en t r e la t i ve d en s it y, s t r en gt h , d u r a bil it y a n d

buoyancy.

* Steps made from aluminium alloy materials readily buffeted by winds are dangerous

and, th erefore, are una cceptable. Note, however, "COMAR MARK , "using steps

made from specifically invented synth etic resin is a pproved by th e United St ates

C oa s t Gu a r d a s h a vin g e qu iva le n t ch a r a ct e r is t ics a s h a r d wood a n d a r e h igh ly

evaluated by IMPA.

* The lowest four steps should be made of rubber of sufficient strength and stiffness,

because they are vulnerable to failure upon being squeezed between the ship and a

pilot boat.

* Alth ough applicat ion of a non-slip coat ing on

the upper side of each step is acceptable, use

of or din a r y p ain t s r es ult s in s lip per y

surfaces and detection of failures becomes

difficult, hence, it is not acceptable.

Dimensions of steps

* The thickness of a step excluding the depth

of the grooving or non-slip coating shall not

be less than 25 millimetres.

Levelling of steps

* E a ch st ep sh a ll be levelled in bot h t h e

longitudinal and tra nsverse directions of th e

ship.

Replacement steps

2.1.3 No pilot ladder should have more th an two replacement steps which a resecured in position by a method different from t hat used in the original

Tilting in the

longitudinal

direction

Tilting in the

transverse

direction

Steps shall be levelled


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- E21 -

* The following requirements of ISO shall be referred to for the number of steps and

relative positions of sprea ders:

[Number of steps and corresponding number of spreader steps]

N u m be r of P os it i on (s ) of N u m b e r P os it ion (s ) of

st ep s sp rea der s tep(s) of st ep s s pr ea der st ep (s)6 5 18 5,14

7 5 19 5,14

8 5 20 5,14

9 5 21 5,14

10 5 22 5,14

11 5 23 5,14,21

12 5 24 5,14,22

13 5 25 5,14,23

14 5,12 26 5,14,23

15 5,13 27 5,14,2316 5,14 28 5,14,23

17 5,14 30 5,14,23

N ot e : S p r e a d er s t e p p os it i on s a r e d et e r m i n ed b y t h e s t e p

number counted from the bottom of the ladder.

* S p r ea d er s s h a ll be e it h e r fit t e d on t h e r e a r s id e of a s t ep or fa b r ica t e d t o b e

integrated with the steps (spreaders of this construction are called spreader steps,

wh i ch a r e fr e qu e n t ly u s ed t od a y) s o t h a t t h e r e is n o in t e r fe r en ce w it h p ilottransfers.

Dimensions and materials of the side ropes

2.2.1 The side r opes of the pilot ladder should consist of two uncovered ropes

not less than 18 mm in diameter on each side and should be continuous,

with no joins below the top step.

2 .2 .2 S id e r op es s h ou l d b e m a d e of m a n i la or ot h e r m a t e r i a l o f e qu i va l en t

s t r e n gt h , d u r a b il it y a n d g r ip w h ich h a s b ee n p r ot e ct e d a g a in s t a ct i n ic

degradation and is satisfactory to the Administration.

* E q u i va l en t g r ip t o t h a t a v a il a bl e w i t h m a n i la r op es m e a n s r e s is t a n ce t o s l ip p a ge

when gripped, which is comparable to manila ropes.

* The circumference of the side rope shall not be less than 18 mm in diameter. Two

lines each on both sides, a total of four side ropes, shall be pr ovided.

* Application of covers to the side ropes is not accepted because they preclude visual


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detection of defects and involve dangers such as dislocations and slippery h and

grips.

* The side ropes for "COMAR MARK " ha ve a polypropylene core an d Dacron at th e

periphery, the materials were specifically developed and are approved as equivalent

to manila ropes.

Arrangements when the access height exceeds 9 metres

. 2 I n a l l s h i p s w h e r e t h e d i s t a n c e f r o m s e a l e v e l t o t h e p o i n t o f a c c e s s t o , o r

e g r e s s f r o m , t h e s h i p e x c e e d s 9 m , a n d w h e n i t i s i n t e n d e d t o e m b a r k a n d

d is em b a r k p il ot s b y m e a n s of t h e a ccom m od a t i on l a dd e r , o r b y m e a n s of

m e ch a n ica l p ilot h ois t s or ot h e r e qu a l ly s a fe a n d con ve n ie n t m e a n s i n

conjunction with a pilot ladder,

* The criterion of 9 metres is said to have been determined considering the limit of

tolerable height for a person falling onto the sea without sustaining fatal injuries

due to impact. This reflects the results of old experiment to assess the impact upon

a parachutist from an aircraft at the moment he lands on the water. However, IMO

d ecla r e d t h e s a fe h e igh t for a p er s on ju m p in g in t o t h e wa t e r in a fr e es t a n din g

position to be 5 m etres. The r esults of a simulation by the J apan Association for

Preventing Marine Accidents using a dummy show th at a height of 5.5 metr es is th e

t ol er a b le l im i t . D iffe r en t cr i t er i a h a v e b ee n p r op os ed a s s h ow n a b ove . I n t h i s

connection, lower criteria tha n 9 metres have been employed by pilots in Canada

an d Mexico.

* In judging if the 9-metre criterion is exceeded, any listing of the ship is not to be

taken into account.

Accommodation ladders used in conjunction with pilot ladders (abstract)

3.1 Arra ngements which may be more suitable for special types of ships may

be accepted, provided that they are equally safe.

3.2 The angle of slope does not exceed 55.

3.3 The lower platform should be in a horizonta l position.

3.4 Intermediate platforms should be self-levelling.

3.5 Th e la dd er a n d p la t for m sh ou ld be equ ipp ed on bot h s id es wit hstanchions and rigid handrails or handrope for safety.


29/72

- E23 -

3 .6 T h e pi lot l a d d er s h ou l d be r i gg ed a d ja ce n t t o t h e low er p l a t for m a n d t h e

upper end should extend at least 2 m above the lower platform.

3 .7 I f a t r a p d oor i s fi t t e d in t h e l ow er p l a t for m t o a l low a cce s s fr om a n d t o

t h e p i l o t l a d d e r , t h e a p e r t u r e s h o u l d n o t b e l e s s t h a n 7 5 0 m m x 7 5 0 m m .

In this case the after part of the lower platform should also be fenced as

specified in paragraph 3.5 above, and the pilot ladder should extend above

the lower platform to the height of the han drail.

3.8 Accom moda tion la dder s sh ou ld be t o t he sa tisfa ct ion of t he

Administration.

Height of the lower platform of the accommodation ladder

* SOLAS does not specify any requirements for the distance between sea level and the

lower platform of the accommodation ladder, but IMPA clearly prescribes that "the

distance shall be adjusted within the range between 3 and 7 metres considering the

size of the pilot boat and the height of swells" as stated in the IMPA Poster.

* I n J a p a n , t h e d is t a n ce of 7 m e t r e s i s o ft e n u s e d p a r t i cu l a r ly i n p il ot a g e d is t r i ct s

w h e r e p i l o t s t r a n s f e r t o o r f r o m t u g s o r t h o s e w h e r e p i l o t s t r a n s f e r i n o p e n s e a s ,

ot h e r wi se t h e d is t a n ce of 5 m e t r es i n m a n y ca s es is u s ed . I n e it h e r e ve n t , i t i s

necessary to observe th e instru ctions of th e regiona l pilots' association concerned.

* The accommodation ladder must be

s ecu r ed a ga in st t h e s h ip 's s id e

wit hin t he r an ge fr om 5 t o 7

metres.

* Sufficient considerat ion should be

given during operat ion, as well as

i n d e si gn s o t h a t t h e p il ot l a dd e r

does not foul the lower platform of

t h e a ccom m od a t ion la d de r or

become detached.

* I M P A r e c o m m e n d s t h a t a 9 - m e t r e

mar k be indicated so that the pilot

ca n r ea dily fin d wh et h er t h e

distance from sea level to the point

of a ccess exceeds 9 metres or not.

The pilot ladder should be rigged immediately

adjacent to the lower platform of the

accommodation ladder.


30/72

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The following points should be

t a k e n in t o a ccou n t w h en

indicating t his ma rk:

- T h e 9 - m e t r e m a r k s h o u l d b e

i n di ca t e d on t h e s h ip 's s id e

below the point of a ccess a s

depicted in the figure.

- W h en t h e bu lwa r k is t o b e

cl im b ed ov er , m e a s u r e m en t

for t h e 9 -m e t r e cr it e r ion

should be taken from the top

of the bulwark.

- I t i s n o t r e q u i r e d t o t a k e t h e

li s t in g of t h e s h ip in t o

consideration.

- An y sh ip for wh ich t he

distan ce from sea level t o the

p oi n t of a cce ss i n h e r l ig h t

l oa d con d it i on d oe s n ot

e x c e e d 8 m e t r e s m a y

d i s p e n s e w i t h t h e

r e qu ir e m en t for t h e 9 m e t r e

m a r k .

* As "the other equally safe and

c o n v e n i e n t m e a n s , " t h e

fol low in g a r r a n g e m e n t i s

accepted.

P i lot E m b a r k a t ion L a dd er

System (PELS): A tra pdoor is

provided at the lower platform

of a n a ccom m od a t i on l a d de r

through which a pilot ladder is

led thereth rough.

Securing of the pilot ladder

* If the pilot ladder is lashed securely with the lower platform of the accommodationladder to ensure their firm connection, it might result in the danger involving the

9-metre mark

PELS


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p il ot la d de r t w is t in g or p a r t in g b y b ein g p u lle d b y t h e lowe r p la t for m of t h e

accommodation ladder when the ship lists or when the height of the accommodation

ladder is adjusted. In the case of a high-freeboard ship for which the distance from

s ea le vel t o t h e p oin t of a cce ss e xcee ds 9 m et r es , t h er e is a p r oba bilit y of

non-compliance with the requirements of SOLAS, because the lower platform of the

accommodation ladder moves far from the ship's side due to a slight roll or list of

the ship. To prevent such a danger, IMPA and JPA recommend that the pilot ladder

an d th e a ccomm odat ion ladder be conn ected by th e following procedure:

- The pilot ladder should be secured to the ship's side by a suitable means at a point

1 to 1.5 metres above the lower platform of the accommodation ladder.

- Such a fixture is normally attained if an eye-plate welded to the side shell of the

s h i p i s u s e d , b u t u s e o f a s u n k e n b i t t e m b e d d e d i n t h e s h e l l p l a t i n g p r o v i d e s t h e

b es t s ol u t ion . I f P E L S i s u s e d, s a fe p il ot t r a n s fe r i s e n s u r ed w it h ou t i n vol vi n g

these difficulties.

* In connection with the above, it is also recommended that the accommodation ladder

itself be secured to t he ship's side. The r ecommended procedure is to lash a sunken

b it t e m b ed d ed i n t h e s t r i n ge r for m i n g t h e s id e of t h e a ccom m od a t i on l a dd e r i n

c o n t a c t w i t h t h e s i d e s h e l l a n d a n o t h e r s u n k e n b i t t e m b e d d e d i n t h e s i d e s h e l l o f

t h e s hip a t a p oin t a p pr oxim a t ely on e m et r e a bove t h e lowe r p la t for m . F or

d et e r m in i n g t h e s ecu r i n g p os it ion , s ee "H e igh t of t h e low er p la t for m of t h e

accommodation ladder."

Position of accommodation ladder

.2 T he a ccom m od a t ion la d der s ha ll be s it ed lea d in g a ft . Wh en in u s e,

the lower end of the accommodation ladder shall rest firmly against the ship's

s i d e w i t h i n t h e p a r a l l e l b o d y l e n g t h o f t h e s h i p a n d , a s f a r a s i s p r a c t i c a b l e ,

within the mid-ship half length and clear of all discharges;

* The reason for the requirement "The a ccommodation ladder shall be sited leading

a ft " is t h a t p ilot t r a n sfe rs , in m a n y ca se s, a r e ca r r ie d ou t wh ile t h e s h ip is

proceeding ah ead, and if it is sited leading forward, t hen the pilot boat might get in

below t he accomm odat ion ladder, which is da ngerous.


32/72

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Stern - BowProper example Dangerous example

Position of accommodation ladder

4. Access to the ship's deck

4 Access to the ship's deck

Means shall be provided t o ensure safe, convenient and unobstructed pa ssage

for a n y p e r son e m ba r k i n g o n , o r d is em b a r k in g fr om , t h e s h ip b et w ee n t h e

head of the pilot ladder, or of any accommodation ladder or other appliance,

and the ship's deck. Where such passage is by means of:.1 a gateway in the rails or bulwark, adequate handholds shall be provided;

.2 a b u lw a r k l a dd e r , t w o h a n d h ol d s t a n ch i on s r i gi dl y s e cu r e s t o t h e s h ip 's

s t r u c t u r e a t o r n e a r t h e i r b a s e s a n d a t h i g h e r p o i n t s s h a l l b e f i t t e d . T h e

bu lwa r k la dd er sh a ll be secu r ely a t t ach ed t o t h e s hip t o p reven t

overturning.

5.2 a bulwark ladder, such ladder should be securely attached to the ship to

p r e ve n t ove r t u r n i n g. T wo h a n d h ol d s t a n ch i on s s h ou l d b e fi t t e d a t t h e

point of embarking on or disembarking from the ship on each side which

s h o u l d b e n o t l e s s t h a n 0 . 7 m o r m o r e t h a n 0 . 8 m a p a r t . E a c h s t a n c h i o n

s h o u l d b e r i g i d l y s e c u r e d t o t h e s h i p ' s s t r u c t u r e a t o r n e a r i t s b a s e a n d

a l s o a t a h i g h e r p o i n t , s h o u l d b e n o t l e s s t h a n 3 2 m m i n d i a m e t e r a n d

s h ou ld ext en d n ot le ss t h a n 1.2 m a bove t h e t op of t h e bu lwa r k s.

Stanchions or h andra ils should not be a tta ched to th e bulwark ladder.


33/72


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- E28 -

Access through the gateway Access over bulwark ladder

in the bulwark or handrail

* IMPA recommends that the following requirements be observed:

- A cce ss p oi n t s s h a l l b e p r ov id e d on e a ch s id e of t h e s h ip . T h e r e a s on for t h i s

requirement is derived from the need for pilot transfers to be carried out on the lee

side.

- The positions of the access points shall be marked with thick lines with permanent

clear signs stating "NO OBSTRUCTIONS" These ar eas of the ship sha ll be k ept

free an d clear at all times.

- A s a fe p a s sa g e s h a ll b e s e cu r e d b et w ee n t h e a cce ss p oi n t s a n d t h e n a v ig a t ion

bridge. The passage shall be cleaned of slippery ice, or oil.

5. Shipside doors

5 Shipside doors

Shipside doors used for pilot transfer shall not open outwards.

* If the shipside doors are allowed to open outwards, it is difficult to lock the doors at

their open positions, and they might collide with the superstructure of the pilot boat,

w h ich i s d a n g er ou s . F or t h e s e r e a s on s , t h e s h ip si de d oor s a r e r e qu i r ed t o op en

inwards. The old SOLAS does not specify any requirem ents of the shipside doors.

* For large container ships and pure car carriers on which the point of access to, or

egress from the ship exceeds 9 m etres from sea level, IMPA stat es it is desirable to


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provide side doors, a nd prescribes its sta nda rds as follows:

- Consideration shall be given so that operations for the pilot boat to come alongside

the ship and pilot transfer do not involve danger.

- The ship side door shall not open outwards.

- T h e s i z e o f t h e s i d e d o o r s h a l l b e 2 o r m o r e m e t r e s h i g h a n d 1 . 5 o r m o r e m e t r e s

wide.

- The ladder used in conjunction with the side door shall meet the requirements of

SOLAS.

- The safety of passage from the side door to the navigation bridge shall be ensured.

(P u r e ca r ca r r i e r s, i n p a r t i cu l a r , h a v e com p le x p a s sa g ew a ys a n d a l ow ce il in g

height, and special attention shall be paid.)

* If the height above sea level of the lower edge of the shipside door for pilot transfer

is insufficient, the deck of a pilot boat, which heaves up and down in waves, can rise

a b ove t h e l ow er e d ge of t h e s h ip s id e d oor p r e cl u di n g s a fe p il ot t r a n s fe r . T h e

J apa nese Pilots' Association m akes th e recomm endat ions specified below, alth ough

SOLAS pr escribes no r equirement s:

- Although the safe height of the lower edge of the shipside door varies depending

upon the size of a pilot boat and wave heights, it is desirable to design the height

to be 5 metres above the load line if we consider a case in which a tug is used in

h i gh w a ve s. H ow ev er , for con t a i n e r s h ip s a n d p u r e ca r ca r r i e r s e qu i pp ed w it h

shipside doors whose load lines are rarely reached and a sufficient height cannot be

provided at the lower edge of the shipside door for structural reasons, a height of 3

metres above t he load line might impose no pra ctical problem, except in special

cases.

6. Mechanical pilot hoists

The mechanical pilot hoist has been prescribed as the pilot transfer arrangement.

However, it is necessary to observe "the Resolution on Mechan ical Pilot Hoist, the

XI t h I MP A C on g r es s 1 99 2" a s b el ow b y p r ov id in g a com b in a t i on l a dd er t o e n s u r e

efficient ship operation.

Resolution on Mechanical Pilot Hoist

at the Xlth Congress 1992

of th e Intern at iona l Maritime Pilots' Association

T h e C on gr e ss , con s id er in g t h e r e a son s d es cr ib ed in t h e a t t a ch e d p a pe r ,


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CONFIRMED that:

Whether or not a pilot uses a mechanical pilot hoist to transfer to/from a ship is

ultimately at each pilot's discretion and REQUEST shipowners and shipbuilders

t h a t :

E ve ry s hip wit h a t r a n sfe r h eigh t in e xces s of n in e m et r es s ha ll be

equipped with a combination ladder. In addition a pilot hoist complete

with pilot ladder alongside ma y also be pr ovided.

exhibit

1. In order to observe sub-paragraph (f) (v) of the revised text of Regulation 17,

C h a p t er V, S OL AS 1 97 4, i t i s n e ce ss a r y t o r i g a p il ot l a dd e r a d ja ce n t t o a

mechan ical pilot hoist. Conversely, it is n ecessary t o rig a pilot ladder and

h o i s t f a r e n o u g h a p a r t f r o m e a c h o t h e r s o t h a t t h e e n d s o f t h e s p r e a d e r o f

b ot h a r r a n g em e n t s d o n ot t ou ch e a ch ot h e r . I f t h e t w o a r r a n g em e n t s a r e

rigged closely, the hoist cannot be raised or lowered safely.

Accordingly, the text is impossible to perform.

[Reference] Revised text of Regulation 17, Chapter V, SOLAS

(f) Mechanical pilot hoists

(v ) A p i lot l a dd er s h a l l b e a d ja ce n t t o t h e m e ch a n i ca l p il ot h oi st a n d b e

a v a il a bl e f or i m m ed ia t e u s e s o t h a t a cce ss t o i t i s a va i la b le fr om t h e

h oi st a t a n y p oi n t of i t s t r a v e l. T h e p il ot la d d er s h a l l b e ca p a b le of

reaching the sea level from its own point of access to the ship.

2. H oists involve the following dangers depending on the conditions of u se. A

num ber of accidents and dangerous incidents have been r eported in t he past.

a) Pilot cann ot know the condition of a hoist from outside if th e ship's crew

have neglected proper maintenance.

b ) P i lot ca n n o t k n ow b efor e h a n d i f t h e cr e w w il l b e a b le t o op er a t e a h oi st

properly.

c) In the case of a high freeboard ship, the following dangers can be expected.

- It is not easy for a hoist-operator on the deck to measure the height of the

lower end of a hoist and to control its height in relation to the tossing pilot

boat. Consequently, th e pilot might be jammed between the ship's side a nd

the pilot boat.

- I f a s h ip r ol ls , a p il ot on a h oi st i s i n d a n g er of s t r i k in g t h e s h ip 's s id e

b e c a u s e a h o i s t m i g h t s w i n g l i k e a l o n g p e n d u l u m a n d t h e s p r e a d e r s w i l l

not be effective in preventing twisting.

3 . I n ca s e a p il ot r e je ct s u s e o f a h oi st u n d e r t h e r e a s on s s t a t e d i n 2 ., a s h ip

which ha s n o combinat ion ladder would be compelled t o stop na vigating.


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* The new SOLAS h as prescribed a s "6.5 A pilot ladder shall be rigged adjacent to

the hoist and available for immediate use so that access to it is available from the

hoist a t any point of its tr avel. The pilot ladder shall be capable of reaching th e sea

level from its own point of access to the ship."

* However, when th e hoist is u sed with a pilot ladder rigged adjacent to it , spreaders

of both the hoist and the pilot ladder into touch with each other, causing dangers

lifting and lowering of the hoist.

* Accor d in gly, I MP A r ecom m en ds t h a t t h e p ilot la dd er com bin ed wit h t h e

accommodation ladder should be rigged and used a s a safer means of pilot tra nsfer,

in the poster approved by IMO titled "REQUIRED BOARDING ARRANGEMENTS

FOR P ILOT"

Position of mechanical pilot hoist

3 .3 .3 a m e ch a n i ca l p i lot h oi st s o loca t e d t h a t i t i s w it h i n t h e p a r a l l el b od y

l en g t h of t h e s h ip a n d , a s fa r a s i s p r a c t ica b le , w it h i n t h e m i d -s h ip h a l f

length of the ship and clear of all discharges.

* The position for rigging the mechanical pilot hoist shall be the same as for other

pilot tra nsfer a rra ngements.

6 .1 T h e m e ch a n i ca l p i lot h oi st a n d i t s a n c il la r y e q u ip m e n t s h a l l be o f a t y pe

approved by the Administration. The pilot hoist shall be designed to operate

as a moving ladder to lift and lower one person on the side of the ship, or as a

platform to lift and lower one or more persons on the side of the ship. It shall

be of s uch d es ign a n d con st r u ct ion a s t o en s ur e t h a t t h e p ilot ca n be

e m ba r k e d a n d d is em b a r k e d i n a s a fe m a n n e r , i n cl u di n g a s a fe a cce ss fr om

the hoist to the deck and vice versa. Such access shall be gained directly by a

platform securely guarded by handrails.

* On the basis of the resolution of IMPA mentioned above, the mechanical pilot hoist

should be provided as an option, and when used, the requirements of A889 shall be

complied with in accordance with "1 Application 1.2" of the new SOLAS.

* Typ es of m ech a n ica l p ilot h ois t t o b e a p pr oved b y t h e Min is t ry of L an d ,I n fr a s t r u ct u r e a n d T r a n sp or t of J a p a n a r e p r es cr ib ed by t h e R egu la t i on s for


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E q u ip m e n t of S h i p s a n d t h e R eg u la t i on s for t h e E n for ce m en t of t h e S h ip S a fe t y

Law.

* There ar e t wo types of mecha nical pilot hoists as follows:

- A moving ladder to lift and lower one person on the side of the ship

- A platform to lift and lower one or more persons on the side of the ship

T h e for m e r h a s con ve n t ion a l ly b ee n u s ed , w hi le t h e la t t e r h a s r e ce n t ly b ee n

d eve lop ed a n d is u s ed on a lim it e d n u m b er of s h ip s, w h ich is ca l le d a P ilot

Embarkation Platform System (PEPS).

* A platform with han drail shall be provided between th e t op of the h oist and the deck

for the safe transfer.

PEPS

Emergency hand gear

6 .2 E ffi ci en t h a n d ge a r s h a l l be p r o vi de d t o l ow er or r e cov er t h e p er s on or

persons carried, and kept ready for use in the event of power failure.

* The mechanical pilot hoist becomes inoperable upon a power failure. Efficient hand

ge a r s h a l l, t h e r e for e , b e p r ov id ed s o t h a t t h e p il ot ca n b e l i ft e d t o t h e d eck or

lowe re d t o t h e p ilot b oa t e ve n in t h e eve nt of p owe r fa ilu r e. I n t h e ca s e of

high-freeboard ships, however, it takes time to lift/lower the hoist, and hence, it is

necessary to rig the pilot ladder in conjunction therewith as prescribed in the later

part of 6.5.


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Rigging of hoist and means for ships equipped with belting

6.3 Th e h oist s ha ll be s ecu r ely a t t ach ed t o t h e st r u ct u re of t h e sh ip.

Attachment shall not be solely by means of the ship's side rails. Proper and

strong attachment points shall be provided for hoists of the portable type on

each side of the ship.

6.4 If belting is fitted in the way of the hoist position, such belting shall be cut

back sufficiently to allow the hoist to operate against the ship's side.

* If belting is fitted to the shipside, smooth motions of the hoist is hampered, and in

the worst case, part ing might result. Belting shall t herefore be cut back sufficiently

to allow the hoist to operate against the ship's side.

Rigging of the pilot ladder

6 .5 A p ilot la d de r s h a ll b e r igge d a d ja ce n t t o t h e h ois t a n d a va i la b le for

immediate use so that access to it is available from the hoist at any point of

its travel. The pilot ladder shall be capable of reaching the sea level from its

own point of access t o the ship.

* I n t h e e v e n t t h a t t h e h o i s t s t o p s a s m e n t i o n e d i n 6 . 2 , t h e p i l o t s h a l l b e a l l o w e d t o

transfer rapidly to the pilot ladder from any position of the hoist. For this reason,

t h e p il ot l a dd er m u s t b e r i gg ed i n a d va n ce a t a p os it i on w it h i n t h e t r a n s f er a b le

distance from the hoist.

* The pilot ladder used in such a case must be long enough to cover the distance from

sea level to the point of access to, or egress from the ship, and is equipped with a

full set of steps all the way through, even if the distance exceeds 9 metres.

Indication of the hoisting position on the ship's side

6 .6 T h e p os it ion on t h e s h ip 's s id e w he r e t h e h ois t wi ll b e low er e d s h a ll b e

indicated.

* The position on the ship's side where t he hoist will be lowered shall be indicated

wi t h cl ea r a n d t h i ck m a r k in gs s o t h a t t h e p il ot b oa t w ill n ot m is s t h e p oin t of access.


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* This indication is required to be provided above the load line but as low as possible

so that pilot boat crew can easily find th e m ark.

Protective stowage and means in very cold weather

6.7 An adequate protected stowage position shall be provided for the porta ble

hoist. In very cold weather, to avoid the danger of ice formation, the portable

hoist shall not be r igged u ntil its u se is imminent.

* The hoist shall be stowed in a sufficiently enclosed place to protect the function of

the hoist.

Requirements of the mechanical pilot hoists

* Mechan ical pilot hoists are more complicated mechan ical arr angements tha n pilot

la d de r s, a n d t h e follow in g d et a i le d r eq u ir e m en t s wi t h a w id er cove r a ge a r e

prescribed in par agraph 4 of A889. See the relevant para graph for deta ils.

4.1 Location and maintenance

4.2 Construction of hoist

4.3 Mechanically powered winch

4.4 Controls

4.5 Fa lls

4.6 Ladder or platform section

4.7 Opera tion of th e h oist

4.8 Testing

7. Associated equipment

7 .1 T h e fol lowi n g a s socia t e d e qu ip m en t s h a ll b e k ep t a t h a n d r e a dy for

immediate use when persons are being t ran sferred;

.1 two man-ropes of not less than 28 mm in diameter properly secured to the

ship if required by the pilot;

* The diameter of man -ropes is prescribed to be n ot less t han 28 mm . If it is too large,

however, difficulties would be experienced by pilots with small hands. The diameter

of 28 mm, therefore, is desirable. (In the old SOLAS, Two man ropes are prescribed


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as "not less than 65 millimetres in circumference")

* A m a n -r op e u se d m a in ly wh en t h e p ilot d is em ba r k s t h e s hip is con ven ien t ,

particularly in foul weather, because he can slide down rapidly without altering his

grip. It, t herefore, is n ecessary to m ake the length of the man -rope equal to th e pilot

ladder, applying neither rope covers nor making knots.

* Although many pilots do not use man-ropes, positioning of unused man-ropes in such

a case might interfere with pilot transfers. It, therefore, is necessary to follow the

instr uctions of the pilot on th e pr eferred disposition.

* Man-ropes shall be kept ready for use even in the case of combination ladders.

.2 a lifebuoy equipped with a self-igniting light;

.3 a h e a vi ng l in e .

* Lifebuoys shall be arr anged for accidenta l falling overboard of t he pilot, paying

at tent ion to t he following points:

- Lifebuoys shall be kept ready for use even in daytime.

- Lifebuoys shall not be connected to the

s hip s t r u ct u r e wit h a lin e. P ilot

t r a n s fe r s a r e u s u a l ly ca r r i e d o u t w h il e

the ship is proceeding, and if lifebuoys

are connected, they can come free from

the pilot.

- T h e s elf-ign it i n g l igh t s h a ll b e

conn ected to t he lifebuoy with a line.

- Wh e n fa l li n g ov er b oa r d of t h e p il ot i s n ot i ce d, t h e l ife bu oy s h a l l b e t h r ow noverboard immediately. Prompt action is importa nt because the distan ce from t he

Lifebuoy should not be

attached to the ship.

Lifebuoy fitted with

a self-igniting light


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pilot rapidly increases. Pa rticularly a t night, the self-igniting light connected to

the lifebuoy serves as the sole means to identify the position of the pilot, so it is

necessary to throw the lifebuoy in the proximity of the pilot.

* The heaving line is used t o hau l in a pilot who has fallen overboard. In man y cases,

i t i s u s e d for t r a n s fe r r in g t h e p il ot ' s b el on g in g s. T h e h e a vi n g l i n e s h a l l b e k e pt

ready for use with the following points in mind:

- SOLAS does not provide any requirements for the material and dimensions of the

heaving line, but a buoyant and flawless line with a diameter of approximately 10

millimetres and a length the twice of the pilot ladder should be used.

- When used as a heaving line, it is suggested that one end of the line be belayed at

the ship structure to prevent possible drifting and loss.

8. Lighting

Adequate lighting shall be provided to illuminate the transfer arrangements

overside, the position on deck where a person embarks or disembarks and the

controls of the mechanical pilot hoist.

* L i gh t i n g for t h e p il ot l a dd e r s h a l l

not be provided directly above, but

obliq ue ly fr om a b ove t o a void

d a zz li n g t h e p il ot a n d t h e cr e w o f

the pilot boat.

Lighting should be from aft.


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9. Other Important Items

(1) How to rig the pilot ladder to the ship

* The following are specified in lSO and JIS, although none are prescribed by SOLAS:

- ISO standar d specifies th at a single ma nila securing rope (of 20 mm diameter, 3

metres in length(minimum))shall be fitted to each side rope thimble by means of

an eye splice.

- JIS specifies that the pilot ladder shall be directly lashed tightly with a ring plate

provided near the ship's side for exclusive service, with no other items connected.

It also specifies that when the full length of the pilot ladder is not used, each of

t h e t w o s t op pe r r op es w it h a n a d eq u a t e le n gt h s h a ll b e con n e ct e d t o a r igid

structure such as t he r ing plate using shackles t o rig the ladder firmly.

Shortening the pilot ladder in use

* In addition to the above, precautions shall be taken for the following points:

- The pilot ladder sha ll be adjusted and r igged so that each st ep on t he ship's side

is always kept level.

- I t s h all b e a s ce rt a in ed s o t h a t t h e p ilot la d de r d oes n ot in t er fer e wit h a n y

protru sions on th e ship's side. It is desirable that the safety of the rigging of the

pilot ladder be tested by weighing a crew member descending several steps after it

is r igged pr elimina rily.

- The pilot ladder shall always be rigged on the lee side of the ship against wind and

w a v e s . I t i s i m p o r t a n t t o a s c e r t a i n w h i c h s i d e o f t h e s h i p i s t h e l e e s i d e a t t h e

p il ot b oa r d i n g s t a t i on b efor e t h e s h ip a r r i ve s. I f n e ce ss a r y , t h e s h ip m u s t b e

m a n e u v er e d e ve n w it h s li gh t cou r s e a l t er n a t i on s s o t h a t a n a d e qu a t e l ee s id e

becomes available.


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- T h e p r e fe r r e d d is t a n ce b et w e en s ea l ev el a n d t h e l ow er e n d of t h e p il ot l a d de r

depends upon the size of the pilot boat used. As a rule of thumb, it ranges from

0 .5 t o 1 m e t r e for or d in a r y p il ot b oa t s , a n d 2 t o 3 m e t r e s f or t u g s. I n a n y e ve n t ,

the instructions of the pilot or the skipper of the pilot boat must be followed. The

d is t a n ce s h a l l b e m a d e s l ig h t ly l a r ge r t h a n t h e r e fe r en ce v a lu e i n r ou g h s ea s .

U n d er a n y ci r cu m s t a n c es , t h e l ow er e n d of t h e p il ot l a dd e r s h ou l d n ot b ecom e

a w a s h i n t h e w a t e r .

* It seems to be common practice today for the pilot ladder to be wound in a reel and

s t o w e d t o s a v e l a b o u r . I t i s u n w o u n d b y t u r n i n g t h e r e e l f o r u s e . I n s u c h a c a s e ,

the ladder should not rely on the braking force of the reel, but should be secured

firmly against the ship's structure as mentioned in "How to rig the pilot ladder to

th e sh ip" above.

(2) Retrieving lines to recover pilot ladders

* Recognizing a number of dangerous incidents involving pilot boats capsizing due to

being trapped by a hanging line in a loop with one end connected to the lower end of

the pilot ladder for recovery operation, IMPA recommends that such a line should

not be used.

* Th e Min is t ry of T ra n sp or t (exis t in g;

Min is t ry of L an d, I nfr a st r u ct u r e a n d

T r a n s por t ) of J a p a n t a k e s t h e s t a n ce t h a t

wh en fit t in g a lin e t o fa cilit a t e t h e

r e co v e r y o f t h e p i l o t l a d d e r i s

u n a v oi da b le , i t a p p r ove s u s e of t h e l in e

p r o v i d i n g t h a t a d e q u a t e s a f e t y

pr eca ut ion s a r e t a ken by m ak in g a

gr oove i n t h e a ft (s t e r n s id e) e n d of t h e

sp rea der wit h a dept h t h at d oes n ot

affect its str ength and service a nd fix the

rope thereto.

Retrieving lines are hazardous


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Bow Stern

Wrong example Approvable example

Fitting a retrieving line

(3) Transfer arrangements and passages in ships carrying on-deck timber cargoes

* For ships carrying on-deck timber or steel pipe cargoes, it is n orma lly difficult to

provide a safe passage on the deck. On the other hand, it is extremely dangerous to

transfer the pilot using the pilot ladder rigged on the curved hull near the stern of

t h e s h ip . I n t h i s con n e ct i on , J P A d ir e ct e d t h e foll ow in g r e qu e st s t o s h ip pin g

com p a n i es i n Ap r il 1 99 1 t o e n for ce , a s a t e n t a t i ve m e a s u r e s, t h e r e qu i r em e n t s

prescribed in SOLAS to rig the pilot ladder within the parallel body length of the

s h ip a n d w it h i n t h e m id sh i p h a lf le n gt h , w hi le a d dr e ss in g it s r e qu e st s t o t h e

Ministry of Transport to conduct an extensive review on the laws and regulations

for ensuring the safety of pilot transfer.

Requirement for ensuring the safety of pilots in embarking on

or disembarking from ships carrying on-deck timber cargoes

1. Ship with breadth 22.5m or over

Provide a recess of 1.5 square metres at the point of access near the bulwark

of the ship.

Provide passages that do not conflict with the interpretation of ICLL. Ships

o t h e r t h a n n e w l y b u i l t s h i p s a r e a l s o r e q u e s t e d t o a d o p t t h e s e m e a s u r e s a s

soon as possible. And, until improved, the measures described in Chapter 2

can be taken.


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2. Ship with breadth under 22.5m

I n c a s e a s h i p c a n n o t t a k e t h e m e a s u r e s d e s c r i b e d i n C h a p t e r 1 o w i n g t o a

conflict with the interpretat ion of ICLL the pilot has to walk on the wood on

deck between the access point and the house of the ship.

Measures for such case are as follows;

Provide handholds at an access point on top of the wood in case measure

"1 - " ca n n ot b e t a k e n .

P i l o t l a d d e r s h a l l b e m a d e f a s t a t h e r b u l w a r k w h e n t h e t o t a l h e i g h t o f t h e

wood top from sea level exceed 9 metres.

In case the pilot is requested to transfer between access point and passage

on the wood top, a pilot ladder or an equally safe means shall be provided

and firmly secured.

Passage on wood top shall be flat.

Provide gangboard and han dholds at dangerous well part.

Provide means as described in ( for vertical transfers between wood top

and deck near the house.

Provide adequate lighting.

Provide spike over-shoes.

Pilot transfer shall be escorted by a responsible officer and a crew member.

N ot e : T h e s h ip 's b r ea d t h of 2 2.5 m e t r es w a s d et e r m in e d con s id er in g t h e

interpretat ion 1977 of Regulation 44 of the Interna tional Convention on

Load Lines, 1966 (ICLL) prescribing tha t the "breadth of ship side recess

shall be not more than 4% of the ship's breadth", and the breadth of ship

side recess of 90 centimetres desired by JPA.


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(4) Use of gangway ladders

* No specific requirements are provided in SOLAS on the gangway ladder used for

ship-shore transfer. The following simple requirements are provided in Articles 105

an d 115-27 of the Regulat ions for Equipmen t of Ships.

Requirements of the Regulations for Equipment of Ships

Ar t icle 10 5 P a ss en ge r sh ip s s ha ll be equ ip pe d wit h s u it a ble ga n gwa y

ladders and rigid gangway ladder h ooks. However, t he requirements may be

d is p en s e d w it h for s h ip s a s s ig n ed t o a coa s t a l a r e a of s er v ice or b el ow ,

providing that the competent maritime authority deems it to be appropriate.

T h e ga n gw a y l a d de r s p r es cr ib ed in ( ) a b ove s h a ll b e p r ovid ed w it h

h a n d r a i ls , a n d t h e ir r e a r s id e b e cov er e d w it h w ood en b oa r d s or ca n v a ssheets.

Ar t i cl e 11 5-2 7 T h e r e q u ir e m e n t s i n A r t icl e 1 05 a p p ly cor r e s pon d in g ly t o

s h i p s w i t h a g r o s s t o n n a g e o f n o t l e s s t h a n 3 0 0 t o n s o t h e r t h a n p a s s e n g e r

ships. However, the application of wooden boards or canvas sheets on the

rear side of the gangway ladders ma y be dispensed with.

* W h e n a p i l o t i s t r a n s f e r r e d b e t w e e n s h i p a n d s h o r e u s i n g t h e g a n g w a y l a d d e r , t h e

above requirements shall be observed, and, in addition, precautions shall be taken

for th e following point s:

- Guide ropes or handrails must be rigged securely.

- The lower platform of the gangway ladder shall be horizontal.

- During transfer of the pilot, the gangway ladder shall not be moved.

* The pilot ladder shall, in principle, be u sed for the tra nsfer of the pilot between t he

ship and the pilot boat. However, th e gangway ladder may be used if the sea is calm

w it h ou t w a ve s a n d s we ll s, a n d t h e p il ot a p p r ov es t h e u s e of i t . I n t h i s ca s e , i t i s

necessary to take safety precautions including adequate adjustment of the distance

between sea level and the lower platform of the gangway ladder, in addition to those

ment ioned above.

(5) Measures against ships not conforming to SOLAS

* For ships committing minor offences of the SOLAS requirements, a notice is directed

t o t h e m a s t er of t h e s h ip r e qu e st in g h i m t o im p r ove t h e d eficie n cy. F or s h ip s

com m it t in g m or e s er iou s offe nces or t h os e n egle ct in g t h e r equ es t for a n

improvement, rendering of pilotage services may be r efused in accordance with the

provisions of Article 6 of the Pilotage Agreement.


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APPENDIX

Provisions of the relevant conventions and recommendations


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CHAPTER V Application

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA, 1974

CHAPTER V SAFETY OF NAVIGATION

Regulation 1 Application

1 U n l es s e xp r e ss ly p r o vi de d ot h e r w is e, t h i s c h a p t er s h a l l a p p ly t o a l l s h ip s on a l l

voyages, except:

.1 wa r sh ip s, n a va l a u xilia r ies a n d ot h er sh ip s own ed or op er a t ed by a

Cont ra cting Governmen t an d u sed only on governmen t non-comm ercial service;

a n d.2 ships solely n avigating the Great Lakes of North America and their connecting

a n d t r i b u t a r y w a t e r s a s f a r e a s t a s t h e l o w e r e x i t o f t h e S t . L a m b e r t L o c k a t

Montreal in the Province of Quebec, Canada.

H ow eve r , w a r sh ip s, n a va l a u xilia r i es or ot h e r s h ip s ow n ed or op er a t e d by a

Contracting Government and used only on government non-commercial service are

e n cou r a g e d t o a ct i n a m a n n e r con s is t e n t , s o fa r a s r e a s on a b le a n d p r a ct i ca b le ,

with this chapter.

2 T h e Ad m in i st r a t i on m a y d e ci de t o w h a t e xt e n t t h i s c h a p t er s h a l l a p pl y t o sh i ps

op er a t i n g s ole ly in w a t er s la n d wa r d of t h e b a se lin e s w h ich a r e e st a b lis h ed in

accordance with international law.

3 A r i gi dl y c on n e ct e d com p os it e u n i t of a p u s h in g v es s el a n d a s s oci a t ed p u s h ed

Ve ss el , w h e n d es ign e d a s a d ed ica t e d a n d i n t eg r a t e d t u g a n d b a r ge com b in a t i on ,

shall be regarded as a single ship for the purpose of this chapter.

4 The Administra tion shall determine to what extent the provisions of regulations 15,

16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28 do not apply to the following

categories of ships:

.1 ships below 150 gross t onn age en gaged on any voyage;

.2 ships below 500 gross tonnage not engaged on international voyages; and

.3 fishing vessels.


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NEW SOLAS

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA, 1974

CHAPTER V SAFETY OF NAVIGATION

Regulation 23 Pilot transfer arrangements

1 Application

1.1 S h ip s e n ga ge d on voya ges in t h e cou r se of w hich

Documents

Japanese Pilot Association Pilot Ladders_v3