January 2009 1.10Canadian Yachting Association2b-1 * Club Race Officer Training Training for the leader of a club race committee Session 2

January 2009 1.10Canadian Yachting Association 2b-1

* Club Race Officer Training

Training for theleader of a club race committee

Session 2


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Copyright © BC Sailing 1994 – 2006 This presentation is licensed by BC Sailing for use of the

Canadian Yachting Association Race Management committee (CYA RMC) and for CYA certified course conductors.

It may not be altered or amended without the express written permission of the CYA RMC. It must be presented in its entirety; however additional slides may be included provided they are clearly identified as such and copies of said slides sent immediately to the CYA RMC for information.

This presentation may be distributed to certified CYA Course Conductors, but a fee may not be charged beyond reimbursement for the cost of the media, if any. It may not be re-distributed as part of the course resource material, except that printed handouts and notes pages may be provided to attendees for their personal use.


Agenda for Session 2

Review Safety video Course types Course length

windward/leeward triangle

Weather mark location Starting line management


Review – Session 1

Our guiding principles safety fair sailing keep the customers satisfied

Race committee jobs, not people signal boat people specialist jobs


Safety Video

Unexpected things can cause trouble


You need some gear

watch (digital) hand bearing

compass horns & whistles GPS rule book

voice recorder wool for telltales duct tape,

light line sun screen


Starting the day Get there early

time before the start is the most valuable time in the regatta

Check equipment, flags, other gear weather

• consider postponement communications gear

• radios, cell phones, etc.

Leave the dock at least one hour before first day, add another half-hour


Locating the course

Traditional spots watch out for too much local knowledge

• favoured side, currents consider alternatives if visitors

Fair sailing issues beaches, shoals, commercial traffic, freighters


ISPS Code – Ship security

Effective July 1 2004 Requires freighters, cruise ships and

naval vessels to have a security plan Means that courses should be set

well clear 200m in an anchorage

Competitors should be warned to keep away from deep sea vessels especially cruise ships, navy


Course types Windward-leeward

several variations are used Triangle

note angles between legs Trapezoid

Not recommended for club racing Fixed marks

islands navigation marks


Courses – other considerations *

Mark set boat resources best is one boat for each mark use anchored pin boat if possible

Start/finish Extended start/finish lines separate start/finish boats

Windward/leeward congestion gates at the bottom offset spacer mark at the top


Windward / leeward considerations

Core issues Resources

• how many boats do we have?• how many people?

Turnaround time• how many races are scheduled?• how long are the races?• is there a lunch break? or other scheduled

delay?


Windward/leeward *

S

1

W indw ard / leew ard dow nw ind finish

Start - 1 - 2 - 1 - F in ish


Windward/Leeward – Reaching Finish *

S

2

1

F


Windward/Leeward Gate *

•At the gate

Start - 1 - 2s/2p - 1 - Finish

S

2s 2p


Triangle courses *

S/F

3

2

45o

90o

45o

1

Triangle -- twice around

Start - 1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3 - FinishWindward / leeward + reaches

Start - 1 - 3 - 1 - 2 - Finish

1

3

2

45o

90o

S

F

45o


Angles between the legs *

1

3

2

60 o

60 o

60 o

1

3

2

45 o

90 o

45 o

•45 degree angles •60 degree angles


Trapezoid course

S

F

Course I2 (Inner 2)

1

4

3

2

Course O3 (Outer 3)

4

3

2

1

S

F


Trapezoid course (2)

needs lots of resources boats, marks,

people difficult to reset if

wind shift not recommended

for club racingS

F

1

4

3

2

Course I3 (Inner 3)


Select a course Windward/Leeward considerations

passing lanes up and down more downwind tactical sailing fewer resources required

Triangles if breeze, planing opportunities for

dinghies• tight spinnaker reaches for big boats

BUT: in lighter air, dinghies will cheat• rule 42 propulsion issues


Fixed marks

Islands is it safe? how close can they go?

Navigation marks is it legal? what about permission? protocol for vessel traffic lanes


Mark rounding – port *


Starboard rounding *


Starboard rounding (2) *


Mark rounding – port *


Course types -- Review

Why windward/leeward? consider available resources

Why triangles? what angles? what fleets? what wind velocities?


The starting line


Course length * How long is a race?

Consider: weather, time limits Who should we ask?

Youth 30 – 45 min

Lasers 45 min

Boards 30 min

Cruising classes 60 – 75 min

Cats 45 – 60 min


Calculate course length

Figure the distance for each leg Get the time to sail each leg Add the times together Work out the model for each course


Weather leg length

1. Start with the distance to the weather mark

2. Multiply by 1.4 to allow for tacking

3. Assume the speed boats are sailing

4. Figure the time in minutesDistance x 60 speed


Sailing the weather leg

Distance sailed for the green boat and the red boat is the same


Distance sailed Weather leg is

0.8 nm

Distance sailed1.4 x 0.8 = 1.12 nm

Round it to 1.1 nm

S

1

0.8nm

2

1.1nm


Time to sail upwind

Time formuladistance x 60 =

minutes speed

Time for this leg1.1 nm x 60 = 16 minutes 4 kn


Time to sail downwind

Time for this leg

0.8 nm x 60 = 4 kn

12 minutes

S

1

0.8nm

2

0.8nm


Course length – W/L *

0.8 nm and 4 kn boatspeed

Weather leg 1 16 min

Downwind leg 1 12 min

Weather leg 2 16 min

Downwind leg 2 12 min

Total time 56 min


Course model – W/L *

0.8 nm and 4 kn boatspeed

Factor applies no matter what distance or speed

• for any windward/leeward course

Weather leg 16 min

Total time 56 min

Course length factor 3.5 times


Some times for W/L courses

Weather leg factor Course length

10 min 3.5 35 min

12 min 3.5 42 min

15 min 3.5 52 min

20 min 3.5 70 min


Triangle course *

S/F

3

2

45o

90o

45o

1

Triangle -- twice around

Start - 1 - 2 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 3 - Finish


Triangle course

Suppose:weather leg = 0.8 nmboat speed = 4 knots

Weather leg time (same as before)1.1 x 60 = 16 minutes 4


Distance for reaching legs *

Multiply the weather leg

by 0.7

0.8 nm x 0.7 = 0.56 nmround to 0.6 nm S

1

20.8nm

0.56nm

0.56

nm

3

90o

45o

45o


Time for the reaching legs

Reaching leg time

0.6 x 60 = 4

8 minutes each

S

1

20.8nm

0.56nm

0.56

nm

3

90o

45o

45o


Course length – W/L + Triangle *

0.8 nm and 4 kn boat speed

weather leg 1 16 min

downwind leg 12 min

weather leg 2 16 min

reach leg 1 8 min

reach leg 2 8 min

Total time 60 min


Course model – Triangle *

0.8 nm and 4 kn boat speed

Notice only 4 min (6%) more than W/L

Weather leg 16 min

Total time 60 min

Course length factor 4 times


Time and distance Distance sailed to weather

1.4 x weather leg length

Reaching leg length reach leg = 0.7 x weather leg

Time formuladistance x 60 = minutes speed


Anchor the signal boat

Anchor in plenty of water get lots of rode out

so don’t drag might be able to adjust position if shallow

Mark the anchor rode if possible


Starting line *

Establish the wind pattern Steady Oscillating Progressive shift

• wait till it settles


Starting line – how long?

1.25 to 1.4 times fleet length Sailboards need less room Longer if windy

less risk of accidents Longer is better

use your GPS to check the length too long favours one end too much


Starting line angle Best is 90 degrees to the wind

use the wind in the starting area Is one end favoured?

favoured course side current stronger wind

Protecting the signal boat not by adjusting the line use dinghy, spacer buoy


Adjusting the line *

8 Stars or J/24s 250 ft line with a 5 degree bias one end will be favoured by 22 ft

• i.e. one or two boat lengths

Wind


Adjusting the line (2) *

Don’t be subtle (depending on the level of competitors)

If current or favoured course side might have to start with 10 - 15

degrees of bias reduce in subsequent races


Adjusting the line (3)

Not this!


Adjusting the line (4)

Here’s what we’re looking for


Downwind starts

Running start: same as upwind square to the wind

If not square, over-correct competitors will head for the favoured

end


Downwind start


Downwind start (2)


Downwind start (3)


Reaching start

What’s wrong with this picture?

Leeward boats will be blanketed


Reaching start (2)

This is likely to happen

No one wants to lose their air


Reaching start (3)

Must be very aggressive to move boats down the line

Every boat needs clear air


Weather mark

Place it directly upwind How far?

mark set team should be able to hit a specific distance

distance is based on target time Consider different wind direction

upwind Keep the course diamond wide


Weather leg

A wide course

diamond


Weather leg (2)

Wind shifts to the left

boats have less room to pass


Mark set – Weather mark

After the signal boat is anchored, mark the GPS RO will give bearing and distance to the weather

mark if no GPS, use a timed run for distance

Go to approximate Mark 1 location do not drop until advised by RO monitor wind velocity and direction

Drop the mark when advised Continue to note wind conditions every five

minutes during the day Good idea to position the boat upwind of the

signal boat at all times


Mark set – Leeward mark

Be in position at the approximate location discuss with RO if unsure

Set marks immediately after the start of first class or 10 minutes before the start if multi-class,

so not in the way• or if inexperienced mark set crew

If gates, make rodes equal length 8 boat lengths is good distance


Mark set – Starting pin

Wait for signal boat to anchor Drop pin anchor in approximate position

monitor wind, current Reset to final position at 10 minutes

before the start RO will determine position

Strongly recommend using a boat to display a flag instead of a mark. determined by available resources


Setting reach marks

Decide on the offset angle 45 or 60 degrees

Calculate the bearing Look back at the signal boat add or subtract 45 or 60 degrees


Starting sequence

13:27 Laser preparatory

13:31 Prep down

13:32 Laser start

13:38 470 start

13:34 470 preparatory

13:33 470 warning

13:37 Prep down

13:26Laser warning


Race Officer Training

End of session 2

Documents

January 2009 1.10Canadian Yachting Association2b-1 * Club Race Officer Training Training for the leader of a club race committee Session 2