January 13January 13thth, 2015, 2015Turn in your homework.

7.1 Isolationism7.2 NeutralityCopy this chart on a sheet of paper Copy this chart on a sheet of paper

WWII VocabMunitions materials used in war..i.e.

weapons, ammunition, etc…

Belligerents Countries involved in war

Embargo-partial or complete prohibition of commerce and trade with a particular country, in order to isolate it

Appeasement-to yield or concede to the belligerent demands of in a conciliatory effort, sometimes at the expense right or justice.

Who was Gerald Nye, what did he Who was Gerald Nye, what did he do?do?

He headed the committee that investigated the role played by U.S. businessmen (munitions manufactures) in the American entrance into World War I. An outspoken isolationist, he fathered the Neutrality Acts.

What were the Neutrality Acts?What were the Neutrality Acts?As series of legislations

that attempted to keep the U.S. out of Europe’s war. (ISOLATIONISM)

1. Forbade trade or sell of munitions to belligerents

2. Forbade U.S. citizens to travel on belligerents vessels

3. Banded loans to belligerents

4. Cash & Carry

5. Destroyer Base Deal

6. Lend Lease

Neutrality Acts attempted

to keep the US out of war

What is the Quarantine Speech?What is the Quarantine Speech?

In response to Japanese action in China, Pres. Roosevelt delivers a speech in which he calls for peace-loving nations to act together to "quarantine" (embargo) AGGRESSIVES to protect the world from the "disease" of war.

Who were the 3 anonymous aggressors Roosevelt was talking about?

JAPAN Germany Italy

What is Cash and CarryWhat is Cash and Carry

Allowed the sale of materiel to belligerents, as long as the recipients arranged for the transport using their own ships and paid immediately in cash, assuming all risk in transportation.

What is the first peace time draft?What is the first peace time draft?

Selective Service Act required that men between the ages of 21 and 35 register with local draft boards.

What was the Destroyer Base DealWhat was the Destroyer Base DealU.S. exchanges WWI

destroyers for British Colonies in the western hemisphere

Newfoundland Newfoundland

BermudaBermuda

Antigua Antigua

St. Lucia St. Lucia

JamaicaJamaica

TrinidadTrinidad

British Guiana British Guiana

What is Lend Lease?What is Lend Lease?

The legislation gave President Roosevelt the powers to sell, transfer, exchange, lend equipment to any country to help it defend itself against the Axis powers.

Atlantic CharterChurchill and FDR agree to defend democracy,

free trade and economic advancement• no territorial gains sought by

the United States or the United Kingdom;

• territorial adjustments must be in accord with wishes of the people;

• the right to self-determination of peoples;

• trade barriers lowered;

• global economic cooperation and advancement of social welfare;

• freedom from want and fear;

• freedom of the seas;

• disarmament of aggressor nations, postwar common disarmament

Italy Germany Japan Russia

Fascism

Mussolini

Nazism

Hitler

Militarism

Tojo

Communism

Stalin

On a sheet of paper make a chart like this… you will need room to write.

Italy Germany Japan Russia

Fascism

Mussolini

Nazism

Hitler

Militarism

Tojo

Communism

Stalin

Totalitarianism=political system where the state, usually under the control of a single political person, faction, or class, recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life.

• State is the custodian of everything on behalf of the people.

• State Ownership

• Classless, everyone is equal.

• thinks globally

• community that holds the production and the major resources

• State controls everything…people work for the betterment of the state.

• State Control• State is above all.

Nobody more important than the state.

• Think locally (the nation)

• ideology that tries to bring together radical and authoritarian nationalism.

• State controls everything…people work for the betterment of the state.

• Ethnic and Racial superiority.

• State Control• State is above all.

Nobody more important than the state.

• Think locally (the nation)

• ideology that tries to bring together radical and authoritarian nationalism.

• Military should dominate all aspects of political, economical, and social society.

• A nation is only as strong as its military.

• Expansion is vital for growth and survival.

The Rise of Fascism in ItalyFascism is a totalitarian form of

government which:

Glorifies the state

Has one leader and one party

All aspects of society are controlled by the government

No opposition or protests are tolerated

Propaganda and censorship are widely practiced

If nation is Great, then the people are great.

Benito Mussolini came to power in 1922 and helped

found the political ideology of fascism. He sided with the

Axis powers in 1940.

The truth is

that men are tired of liberty

Mussolini set up a Fascist Party

and promised to solve Italy’s

problems rebuild Italy and

recreate the Roman Empire

Came to power in 1922 and was appointed to prevent a Communist Revolution in Italy

Mussolini set up a Fascist Party

Treaty of Versailles treated Italy unfairly…

Italy will expand by force (military)

Expanded into Africa for resources

Signed an Alliance with Hitler in 1936

What is Communism Belief

Rich get Richer Poor get Poorer

Goal To eliminate social

classes Make everything fair for

everyone

Problem True communism never

achieved Greed!

Soviet UnionJoseph Stalin (1929)

World DepressionRussia and surrounding

countries in a great famine.

“Great Purge” - wave of repression against Stalin’s enemies.

Murder 10x more people than Hitler.

Expansion: expanding communism into western Europe.

Non-Aggression Pact with Germany, Invaded Poland. 1939

Rise of the Nazi Party

Nazism is Fascism with 1 BIG difference!....RACEEach race has a characteristic.Aryan Race is the Master

Race.JEWS the lowest race

Corrupted other inferior races.Wanted to take over the worldParasites that betrayed

GermanyStole work from Aryans.

Japan Militarism Military should

dominate all aspects of political, economical, and social society.

A nation is only as strong as its military.

Expansion is vital for growth and survival.

glorification of war

Constant preparation for war.

Japanese Expansionism

1919-Post WWI Treaty of Versailles unfair.

1920s Japan seeking expansion needs natural resources

1931- Japan invades Manchuria

1932-1936 political turmoil

1936 Joins Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy to end Communism

1937 Japan began to attack China (Sino-Japanese War).

1937 US issues Oil embargo(80% dependent)

In 1938, war between Japan and the Soviet Union.

China supported by US and Soviets Union, wanted to discuss peace. Roosevelt sided w/ China

Nov 1941- Japan orders attack if peace fails

THE DAY OF THE DAY OF INFAMYINFAMY

December 7, 1941December 7, 1941

PEARL PEARL HARBORHARBOR

Causes…Causes… Japan’s aggressive expansion tacticsJapan’s aggressive expansion tactics

The U.S. demanded that Japan withdraw from China The U.S. demanded that Japan withdraw from China and Indochinaand Indochina

Japan thought that attacking the U.S. would provide Japan thought that attacking the U.S. would provide them an easy win, and a territory with abundant land them an easy win, and a territory with abundant land and resources to rule once they were victorious.and resources to rule once they were victorious.

The U.S. oil embargo against Japan was hurting Japan’s The U.S. oil embargo against Japan was hurting Japan’s economyeconomy

Warfare Used During Warfare Used During AttackAttack

JapanJapan- 81 Fighter Planes81 Fighter Planes

- 135 Dive Bombers135 Dive Bombers

- 104 Horizontal Bombers104 Horizontal Bombers

- 40 Torpedo Planes40 Torpedo Planes

- At least 5 At least 5 Midget SubmarinesMidget Submarines

Warfare (continued)Warfare (continued)United StatesUnited States

- 108 Fighter Planes (59 not available for 108 Fighter Planes (59 not available for flight)flight)

- 35 Army Bombers (27 not available for flight)35 Army Bombers (27 not available for flight)

- 993 Army/Navy Antiaircraft Guns993 Army/Navy Antiaircraft Guns

During the Attack

M a la ya H o ng K o ng

G re a t B rit ian

P h illip p ine Is la n ds G u am

M id w a y W a ke Is la nd

U n ited S ta tes

Ja p an w as a lso a ttack ing

* Japan would control the entire Pacific by December 8

CasualtiesCasualtiesJapanJapan

- Less then 100 menLess then 100 men

- 29 planes29 planes

- 5 midget submarines5 midget submarines

United StatesUnited States

- 2,335 servicemen killed, 68 2,335 servicemen killed, 68 civilians killed, 1,178 woundedcivilians killed, 1,178 wounded

- 188 planes188 planes

- 18 ships (8 battleships, 3 light 18 ships (8 battleships, 3 light cruisers, 3 destroyers, 4 other cruisers, 3 destroyers, 4 other vessels)vessels)

Outcome of Pearl HarborOutcome of Pearl HarborJapan dealt a seemingly crippling blow to the Japan dealt a seemingly crippling blow to the U.S. Pacific fleet. Down to 25-30 %U.S. Pacific fleet. Down to 25-30 %

Japan began their quest for a Pacific empireJapan began their quest for a Pacific empire

The U.S. finally was forced to join World War The U.S. finally was forced to join World War II (“The Sleeping Giant was awakened”)II (“The Sleeping Giant was awakened”)

The U.S. & Great Britain declare war on The U.S. & Great Britain declare war on Japan (Dec. 8, 1941)Japan (Dec. 8, 1941)

Germany & Italy declare war on the U.S. Germany & Italy declare war on the U.S. (Dec. 11, 1941)(Dec. 11, 1941)

December 8, 1941 FDR December 8, 1941 FDR SpeechSpeech

““Yesterday, Dec. 7, 1941 - A date which will Yesterday, Dec. 7, 1941 - A date which will live in infamy – the United States of live in infamy – the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.”Empire of Japan.”

Effects of Pearl HarborEffects of Pearl HarborAttack unified the division

between anti/pro war supporters.

85% of Fleet destroyedExcept Air craft carriers

& submarines

Led to Japanese interment camps.

Huge mobilization effortMen enlist to fightWomen take jobsMinorities step up in

employment and in War.

AMERICA TURNS THE TIDE

• Make a chart with a section for each of he following concepts

Mobilization Cooperation Women African Americans/ Hispanics

Japanese Americans / Other Minorities

1.Mobilization1.Mobilization

Building an Army Selective Service Act 1940

First Peace Time DraftHighly opposed until

Germany defeated France (Spring 1941)

16 Million Americans served in the armed forces.

A PRODUCTION MIRACLEAmericans converted

their auto industry into a war industry

Automobile plants produced tanks, planes, boats, Jeeps

Produced 1/3 of military equipment during the war.

Converting the Economy

Cost Plus Contracts- Cost Plus Contracts- Govt.Govt. agrees to pay pvt. Companies

for production + %.

Reconstruction Finance Reconstruction Finance Corp.Corp.Made loans to pvt. Companies

to make munitions.

War Production BoardWar Production Boardsupervised and regulated the

production and sale of material essential to the logistics of World War II.

2. Cooperation2. Cooperation

Paying for the War

War BondsE, Victory,

Liberty, LoansBuy a bond and

cash it in later for a profit.

$100,000,000 generated.

RationingPeople were given

ration coupons for goods such as gas, coffee, sugar, tires, and meats.

Recycled items such as tin, metal, rubber and grease.

CouponsRationing Coupons-

Traded in coupons for goods

Price ControlsOffice of Price

ControlsRegulated prices

and Wages

Victory GardensPublic Gardens for

food consumptions planted in public placesParksSchoolyardsEmpty lotsYards

American Women During WWII

WomenWomen Join the workforceTook jobs vacated by

fighting men

Joined the armyNurses, SecretariesWomen’s Army Corps64,000 enlisted

New fashionJeansOverallsHead scarves

African-Americans

African-Americans WorkGreat Migration

Resumes. Southern Blacks move to

North for jobs

Protest unfair hiring practices

FDR issues Executive Order 8802 (no discrimination for employment based on race)

Received more jobs and more equality (prelude to civil rights movement)

African Americans War

Segregated ArmyDouble V campaign

Abroad (enemy)Home (racism)

Tuskegee AirmenFighter squadron

761st Tank BattalionBattle of the Bulge

Desegregated Bases1943

Mexican-Americans

Mexican-AmericansBracero Program

A Mexican laborer allowed into the United States for a limited time as a seasonal agricultural worker.

Zoot Suit Riots-1943 L.A. Young

Mexican-Americans vs US Sailors

Fought in the war

Japanese-Americans

Japanese AmericansJapanese-Americans

loyalty questioned after Pearl Harbor

Forced to sell homes and relocate to internment camps

Korematsu v. USA Internment camps

constitutional based on military urgency not on race

442nd combat regimentFought in the war

Native Americans in WWII1 out of 3 Native Americans served in WWII

Many of them became part of the group, the Navajo Code-Talkers

The Code-Talkers used their own languages to communicate messages across enemy lines

Messages intercepted but not translated.

German-Americans

Travel, property restrictions

Internment camps

Spies

Ridicule