Janos Technology Inc. Table of Contents - Janos Tech … · REFERENCE Capabilities REFERENCE Capabilities Janos Technology • 802-365-7714 • [email protected] 5 Anti-Reflectance

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . .inside front coverPricing and Payment TermsDeliveryOur WarrantyReturn Policy

ReferenceAstronomy Optics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

CapabilitiesCoatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Lenses and Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Custom Optical Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43Diamond Turning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43Double Sided Polishing and Grinding . . . . . . .44OEM Production Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Post Polishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45Quality Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

FiltersInfrared Bandpass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Infrared Longpass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Infrared Shortpass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Infrared Neutral Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Neutral Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

Optical Design DataOptical Design Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49Optical Materials Selection Guide . . . . . . . . . .55Test Plate List Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78Conversion Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79Glossary of Optical Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

Web Site Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

Thermal Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81Custom Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82Commercial Lenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

ProductsBeamsplitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85

LensesAspheres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86CO2 Lense Protectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87Bi-Convex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

Barium Fluoride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89Calcium Fluoride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90UV Fused Silica/Fused Quartz . . . . . . . . .91Magnesium Fluoride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92Potassium Chloride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93

Positive Meniscus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94Germanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95Zinc Selenide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96

Plano Convex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97Barium Fluoride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98Calcium Fluoride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99UV Fused Silica/Fused Quartz . . . . . . . .100Germanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101Lithium Fluoride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102Magnesium Fluoride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103Zinc Selenide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104

MirrorsConcave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105

Pyrex® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106Silicon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112Zerodur® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117

Metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123Off Axis Parabolic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124Off Axis Parabolic-Adapter Plates . . . . .133On Axis Parabolic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134Plano Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13945 Degree Plano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

Plano . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142Pyrex® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143Silicon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155Zerodur® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149

Prisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158

WindowsBrewster Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159

Calcium Fluoride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160Zinc Selenide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161

Plane Parallel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163Barium Fluoride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164Calcium Fluoride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165IR Fused Silica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167Germanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168Lithium Fluoride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169Magnesium Fluoride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170Potassium Bromide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171Potassium Chloride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172Sodium Chloride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173Silicon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174Thallium Bromo-Iodide . . . . . . . . . . . . .175Zinc Selenide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176Zinc Sulfide Cleartran™ . . . . . . . . . . . . .177

Wedged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178

Table of Contents

1Janos Technology • 802-365-7714 • [email protected]

IntroductionSince 1970 Janos Technology has specialized in thedesign, fabrication and coating of precision infraredcomponents and systems. We employ a combination ofthe most experienced optical and mechanical engineers,skilled craftsmanship, and state of the art equipment todeliver the highest quality products to our customersworldwide.

Our customers, including the finest research laboratories,defense contractors, industrial OEM customers, andspace science integrators, have relied on our manufac-turing capabilities and technical support to producehighly sophisticated components and systems for a widevariety of applications. Our capabilities include:

• Optical Design• Mechanical Design• Precision Optical Fabrication• Infrared Optical Coatings• Single Point Diamond Turning• Double Surface Polishing & Grinding• Assembly Design & Production• OEM Production Capabilities• Testing & Quality Control

In addition to our catalog, custom optical components,and system capabilities, we also offer a wide selection of infrared camera lenses for both OEM partners andindividual users. Many of these lenses are stocked forimmediate delivery.

Whether your application is a single catalog component,just in time delivery for production, or a sophisticatednew system we can provide you with the technicalsupport and quality products designed to meet yourspecifications.

Pricing and Payment TermsTerms of payment on open accounts are Net 30 Days.We accept C.O.D., Visa and MasterCard orders. Someinternational orders may require prepayment.

Prices and product specifications are subject to changewithout notice. Prices are FOB Townshend, VT and donot include freight, duty, insurance, and any applicabletaxes. Please check our web site for the most currentinformation on pricing, terms and conditions.

DeliveryIn stock items will be shipped within 24 hours of receipt(UPS and FedEx only). For items not in stock, anestimated delivery date will be acknowledged uponreceipt of order. Shipment will be by UPS unless thecustomer requests other arrangements.

Our WarrantyOptical components and accessories designed andmanufactured by Janos Technology are unconditionallywarranted to meet, or exceed the stated specifications,and to be free from defects in material or workmanship.Items found to be defective should be returned within 30 days of receipt, with an explanatory note and a returnauthorization number. (See return policy below.) We willrefund, repair, or replace the defective goods at ouroption. This warranty supercedes all other warranties;either expressed or implied, and does not coverincidental or consequential losses.

Return PolicyIt is our goal to provide complete customer satisfactionon all orders. In the event that a problem arises with anyproduct purchased, every effort will be made to resolvethe problem to your complete satisfaction.

Standard products ordered in error that have not beenused or damaged may be exchanged or returned for arefund. A restocking fee may apply. Any items withfactory defects will be repaired or replaced at noadditional charge.

Situations involving product damage of an indeterminatecause will be resolved fairly, with the customer’s needsforemost in mind. If you have an item you wish to return,please contact our sales staff for a Return MaterialAuthorization number (RMA). This will insure a promptand accurate resolution of the problem.

For technical assistance and product availabilitycontact our sales department at:

Janos Technology Inc.1068 Grafton RoadTownshend, VT 05353-9605

Phone: (802) 365-7714Fax: (802) 365-4596email: [email protected]: www.janostech.com

Janos Technology Inc.

To check prices or to download a current price list, please go to:

www.janostech.com/pricelist or call a sales representative at 802-365-7714.

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sREFERENCECapabilities


CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—AMT3–5

High Efficiency Anti-Reflectance Coating at 3–5 microns for AMTIR-1

Description A high efficiency anti-reflectance coating for AMTIR-1 optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the 3-5 micron spectral band.

Application Thermal imaging systems.

Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick AMTIR-1 substrate with AMT3-5.

Spectral Performance @ 3-5µm:

Transmission: 98% average

Reflection: 1% average per surface

The coating performance specified herein is typical of this particular coating and

does not preclude adherence to other specifications on a case by case basis.

Please call us with your specific requirements.

AMT 3–5 Theoretical

Janos Technology • 802-365-7714 • For a price list, please go to: www.janostech.com

Janos Technology Inc. offers the astronomer

0.75 - 5.5 micron infrared wavelength optics backed

by 25 years experience of design, manufacture,

assembly, and testing. Lens materials transmitting

in the atmospheric bands I, H, K, L and M, out to

submillimeter wavelengths are standard at Janos

Technology Inc. We offer a full line of products to

enhance your astronomical observations:

• 0.75 - 5.5µm infrared optics

• Lens design & optical engineering

• Beamsplitters & Compensators

• Thin film and multilayer optimized vacuum coating

• Testing: Interferometric, Spectrophotometric, MTF,

OTF, PTF and Surface Roughness (rms ≈)

• Lenses and Lens Assemblies

• Windows

• Mirrors

• Prisms

Astronomy Optics

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Astronomy Optics

Atmospheric transmission bands in the 7.5 to 5.5 micron region

I J H K L M

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Anti-Reflectance Coating at 1-5 microns for Calcium Fluoride and Barium Fluoride Optics

Description An anti-reflectance coating for Calcium Fluoride and Barium Fluoride optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the 1-5 micron spectral band. This broadband coating covers the astronomical bands “J” through “M.”

Application Mostly used on optics for astronomical applications.

Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick substrate with the AR1-5 coating.


Transmission: 96% average (with minimal water band absorption)

Reflection: 1.5% average per surface

Environmental This coating withstands cryogenic temperatures and is laboratory cleanable.Performance




CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—AR1–5

AR CaF 1–5

4 Janos Technology • 802-365-7714 • For a price list, please go to: www.janostech.com

CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—AR.8–2.5

Anti-Reflectance Coating at 0.8–2.5 microns for Calcium Fluoride, Barium Fluoride, Fused Silica and BK-7 Optics

Description An anti-reflectance coating for CaF2, BaF2, Fused Silica and BK-7 optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the 0.8-2.5 micron spectral band. This broadband coating covers the astronomical bands “I” through “K.” These materials can be coated together in the same coating run.

Application Mostly used on lenses for astronomical applications.

Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick substrate coated with the AR.8-2.5 coating.

Spectral Performance @0.8-2.5µm:



Environmental This coating withstands cryogenic temperatures and is laboratory cleanable.

Performance




AR .8–2.5 Theoretical

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High Energy Laser Radiation Anti-Reflectance Coating at 1.064 microns for Fused Silica and BK-7 Optics

Description A high energy laser radiation anti-reflectance coating with moderate durability for Fused Silica and BK-7 optics, providing excellent transmission performance at 1.064 microns.

Application High Power YAG laser applications.

Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick Fused Silica or BK-7 substrate with the AR1.064H coating.

Spectral Performance @ 1.064µm:

Transmission: 99% minimum

Reflection: 0.5% maximum per surface

Environmental The coating passes the following environmental tests specified in MIL-F-48616 andPerformance MIL-C-48497:

Adhesion: Cellophane tape removal test

Humidity: 95%–100% relative humidity @ 120°F (49°C) for a duration of 24 hours

Abrasion: Moderate (No sign of deterioration such as scratches or streaks when

abraded with a dry, clean cheesecloth pad)

Temperature: -80°F to +160°F (-62°C to 71°C) for 2 hours at each temperature

Laser Damage Has sustained 500 MW/cm2 with a pulsed laser.




CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—AR1.064H


High Efficiency Anti-Reflectance Coating at 1.064 microns for Fused Silica and BK-7 Optics

Description A high efficiency anti-reflectance coating with moderate durability for Fused Silica and BK-7 optics, providing excellent transmission performance at 1.064µm.

Application Lower power YAG laser applications.

Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick Fused Silica or BK-7 substrate with the AR1.064 coating.










Laser Damage Has sustained 100 Watts Continuous Wave.




CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—AR1.064

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Broad Band Anti-Reflectance Coating at 1-5 microns for Clear Multispectral Zinc Sulfide (Cleartran*)

Description A broad band anti-reflectance coating for Clear Multispectral Zinc Sulfide optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the wide 1–5 micron spectral region.

Application Typically used on lens surfaces of infrared imaging systems and astronomical applications.

Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm

thick multispectral Zinc Sulfide substrate with the C-ZnS1–5 coating.

Spectral Performance @ 1–5µm:



Environmental The coating is laboratory cleanable.Performance




*Cleartran is a trademark of Morton International.

CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—C-ZnS1-5

ZnS Cleartran 1–5 Theoretical


Broad Band Anti-Reflectance Coating at 0.8-2.5 microns for Clear Multispectral Zinc Sulfide (Cleartran*)

Description A broad band anti-reflectance coating for Clear Multispectral Zinc Sulfide optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the wide 0.8-2.5 micron spectral region.

Application Typically used on lens surfaces in near infrared imaging systems and astronomical applications.

Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick multispectral Zinc Sulfide substrate with the C-ZnS.8-2.5 coating.

Spectral Performance @ 0.8-2.5µm:



Environmental The coating is laboratory cleanable and will survive cryogenic temperatures.Performance





CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—C-ZnS.8-2.5

ZnS Cleartran .8–2.5 Theoretical

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High Efficiency, Non-Thorium, Anti-Reflectance Coating at 3-5 microns for Calcium Fluoride

Description A high efficiency, non-thorium, anti-reflectance coating for Calcium Fluoride optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the 3-5 micron spectral band.

Application Thermal imaging systems and FLIR systems.

Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a Calcium Fluoride substrate with the CaF3–5NR coating.


Transmission: >96% average @ 3.0–5.0µm

97% average @ 3.4–5.0µm

Reflection: 1% average per surface @ 3.0–5.0µm

Environmental The coating passes the following environmental tests specified in MIL-F-48616 andPerformance MIL-C-48497.


Humidity: 95%–100% relative humidity @ 120°F (49°C) for a duration of 24 hours.


abraded with a dry, clean cheesecloth pad.)

Temperature -80°F to +160°F (-62°C to 71°C) for 2 hours at each temperature.




CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—CaF3-5NR

CAF2 3–5µm Theoretical


High Efficiency Anti-Reflectance Coating at 3-5 microns for Clear Multi-spectral Zinc Sulfide (Cleartran*)

Description A high efficiency anti-reflectance coating with moderate durability for Clear Multi-spectral Zinc Sulfide optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the 3–5 micron spectral band.


Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick clear multi-spectral Zinc Sulfide substrate with the C-ZnS3–5 coating.



Reflection: 1% average per surface.










CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—C-ZNS3-5

ZnS Cleartran 3–5 Theoretical

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Anti-Reflectance Coating at 2-5 microns for Germanium Optics

Description An anti-reflectance coating for Germanium optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the 2–5 micron spectral band.


Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick substrate with the GE2–5 coating.




Environmental This coating withstands cryogenic temperatures and is laboratory cleanable.Performance

Notes A non-radioactive version of this coating is available upon request.




CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—GE2–5

Ge 2–5µm Theoretical


High Efficiency Anti-Reflectance Coating at 10.6 microns for Germanium

Description A high efficiency anti-reflectance coating with moderate durability for Germanium optics, providing excellent transmission performance at 10.6 microns.

Application CO2 laser applications.

Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick Germanium substrate with the GE10.6 coating.


Transmission: 99%

Reflection: 0.5% per surface










CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—GE10.6

GE 10.6µm Theoretical

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GE 7–14 Theoretical


High Efficiency Anti-Reflectance Coating at 7–14 microns for Germanium

Description A high efficiency anti-reflectance coating for Germanium optics, providing excellent

transmission performance in the 7 to 14 micron spectral band.


Spectral The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm

Performance thick Germanium substrate with Ge7–14.


Transmission: 97% average @ 7–12µm

92% average @ 12–14µm

Reflection: 1.5% average per surface @ 7–12µm

3% average per surface @ 12–14µm

Environmental The coating passes the following environmental tests as specified in MIL-F-48616

Performance and MIL-C-48497:





Temperature: -80°F to +160°F (26°C to 71°C) for 2 hours at each temperature.

The coating performance specified herein is typical of this particular coating and does

not preclude adherence to other specifications on a case by case basis.

Please call with your specific requirements.

CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—Ge7–14


High Efficiency, Highly Durable, Non-Thorium, Anti-Reflectance Coating at 2-5 microns for Germanium

Description A high efficiency, high durability, non-thorium, anti-reflectance coating for Germanium

optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the 2-5 micron spectral band.



Performance thick Germanium substrate with the GE2-5NR coating.

Spectral Performance @2.0–5.0µm:

Transmission: 96% average.

Reflection: 1.5% average per surface.

Environmental The coating passes the following environmental tests specified in MIL-F-48616,

Performance MIL-C-48497 & MIL-C-675:



Abrasion: Severe Abrasion (No sign of deterioration such as evidence of abrasion

or coating removal when abraded by an eraser, conforming to

MIL-E-12397, for 40 strokes)

Temperature: -80°F to +160°F (-62°C to 71°C) for 2 hours at each temperature.




CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—GE2–5NR

Ge 2–5µm NR Theoretical

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Ge 8–12 Theoretical


High Efficiency, Non-Radioactive Anti-Reflectance Coating at 8–12 microns for Germanium

Description A high efficiency, non-radioactive, anti-reflectance coating for Germanium optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the 8–12 micron spectral band.

Application Typically used on optics in Military thermal imaging systems that must be free of potentially detectable traces of radiation.

Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick Germanium substrate with GE8-12NR.




Environmental The coating passes the following environmental tests as specified in MIL-F-48616 andPerformance MIL-C-48497:






Notes This coating does not contain any radioactive materials.






High Efficiency, Highly Durable Non-Thorium, Anti-Reflectance Coating at 3–5 microns for Germanium

Description A high efficiency, non-radioactive, anti-reflectance coating for Germanium optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the 3–5 micron spectral band.


Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick Germanium substrate with the GE3–5NR coating.




Environmental The coating passes the following environmental tests specified in MIL-F-48616,Performance MIL-C-48497 and MIL-C-675:



Salt Spray: After exposure to salt spray fog continuously for 24 hours, the coated

surface shall show no evidence of deterioration such as blistering,

cracking, flaking or peeling and then subsequently pass abrasion

testing.

Abrasion: Severe abrasion (No sign of deterioration such as evidence of abrasion

or coating removal when abraded by an eraser. Conformity to

MIL-E-12397 for 40 strokes.)






Ge 3–5µm NR Theoretical

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Diamond Like Carbon, Anti-Reflectance Coating at 8–12 microns for Germanium

Description An extremely durable, anti-reflectance coating for optical system exterior Germanium

optical surfaces, exposed to severe environmental conditions.

Application Exterior Germanium lens surfaces of thermal imaging systems and FLIR Systems,

that are exposed to severe environmental conditions.

Spectral The following spectral transmission value is based on coating one side of a 1mm thick

Performance Germanium substrate with the GE8–12DLC coating and the second side with a high

efficiency coating such as GE8–12DNT or GE8–12.

Spectral Performance:

Transmission: 90% average @ 8–12µm

Environmental Call Technical Sales for further details.

Performance

CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—GE8–12DLC



Durable, High Efficiency, Non-Thorium, Anti-Reflectance Coating at 8–12 microns for Germanium

Description A durable, high efficiency, non-thorium, anti-reflectance coating for Germanium optics,

providing excellent transmission performance in the 8–12 micron spectral band.



Performance thick Germanium substrate with GE8–12DNT.


Transmission: 98% average @ 7.7–11.5µm

94% average @ 11.5–12.3µm

Reflection: 1% average per surface @ 7.7–8.0µm

0.5% average per surface @ 8.0–11.5µm

1.5% average per surface @ 11.5–12.3µm

Environmental The coating passes the following environmental tests as specified in MIL-F-48616











CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—GE8–12DNT


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Description A high efficiency anti-reflectance coating with moderate durability for Germanium optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the 3–5 micron spectral band.


Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick Germanium substrate with GE3–5.















Broad Band Anti-Reflectance Coating at 3–12 microns for Germanium

Description A broad band anti-reflectance coating for Germanium optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the wide 3–12 micron spectral region.


Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick Germanium substrate with the GE3-12 coating.










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High Efficiency, Non-Thorium, Anti-Reflectance Coating at 1.55 microns for Silicon

Description A high efficiency, non-thorium, anti-reflectance coating for Silicon optics, providing

excellent transmission performance at the 1.55 micron spectral wavelength.

Application Telecommunications systems.


Performance thick Silicon substrate with Si1.55.


Transmission: >99%

Reflection: <0.5% per surface.

Environmental The coating passes the following environmental tests specified in MIL-F-48616










CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—Si1.55



Description A high efficiency anti-reflectance coating for Germanium optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the 8-12 micron spectral band.


Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick Germanium substrate with GE8–12.




Environmental The coating passes the following environmental tests as specified in MIL-F-48616 andPerformance MIL-C-48497:











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High Efficiency Anti-Reflectance Coating at 3–5 microns for Silicon

Description A high efficiency anti-reflectance coating with moderate durability for Silicon optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the 3–5 micron spectral band.


Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick Silicon substrate with Si3–5.













CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—Si3–5

Si 3–5 Theoretical


High Efficiency, Highly Durable, Non-Thorium, Anti-Reflectance Coating at 2-5 microns for Silicon

Description A high efficiency, high durability, non-thorium, anti-reflectance coating for

Silicon optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the 2 to 5 micron

spectral band.



Performance thick Silicon substrate with the Si2-5NR coating.

Spectral Performance @ 2 to 5µm:


Reflection: 1.5% average per surface.

Environmental The coating passes the following environmental tests specified in MIL-F-48616,

Performance MIL-C-48497 and MIL-C-675:








not preclude adherence to other specifications on a case by case basis


CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—Si2–5NR

Si 2–5 NR Theoretical

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Broad Band Anti-Reflectance Coating at 0.8–2.5 microns for Zinc Selenide optics

Description A broad band anti-reflectance coating for Zinc Selenide optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the 0.8–2.5 micron spectral region.

Application Near infrared thermal imaging systems and astronomical applications.

Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick ZnSe substrate with the ZnSe.8–2.5 coating.

Spectral Performance @ 0.8-2.5µm:



Environmental The coating is laboratory cleanable and will withstand cryogenic temperatures.Performance




CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—ZnSe.8–2.5

ZnSe .8–2.5 Theoretical


High Efficiency, Non-Radioactive Anti-Reflectance Coating at 3–5 microns for Silicon

Description A high efficiency, non-radioactive, anti-reflectance coating for Silicon optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the 3-5 micron spectral band.


Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick Silicon substrate with Si3–5NR coating.




Environmental The coating passes the following environmental tests specified in MIL-F-48616, Performance MIL-C-48497, and MIL-C-675:





MIL-E-12397, for 40 strokes.)


Notes This coating does not contain any radioactive materials.




CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—Si3–5NR

Si 3–5 NR Theoretical

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ZnSe 3–5 Theoretical


High Efficiency Anti-Reflectance Coating at 3-5 microns for Zinc Selenide

Description A high efficiency anti-reflectance coating with moderate durability for Zinc Selenide

optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the 3–5 micron spectral band.



Performance thick Zinc Selenide substrate with ZnSe3–5.














CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—ZnSe3–5


Broad Band Anti-Reflectance Coating at 1–5 microns for Zinc Selenide

Description A broad band anti-reflectance coating for Zinc Selenide optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the wide 1–5 micron spectral region.

Application Typically used on lens surfaces of infrared imaging systems and astronomical applications.

Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick Zinc Selenide substrate with the ZnSe1–5 coating.










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ZnSe 10.6 Theoretical


High Efficiency Anti-Reflectance Coating at 10.6 microns for Zinc Selenide

Description A high efficiency anti-reflectance coating with moderate durability for Zinc Selenide optics, providing excellent transmission performance at 10.6 microns.

Application CO2 laser applications.

Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick Zinc Selenide substrate with the ZnSe10.6 coating.










Laser Damage Has sustained 310 KW/cm2 with no damage in 20 sites. Absolute threshold could not be determined due to laser power limit.

A non-radioactive version of this coating is available upon request.




CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—ZnSe10.6


High Efficiency, Non-Thorium, Anti-Reflectance Coating at 3-5 microns for Zinc Selenide

Description A high efficiency, non-thorium, anti-reflectance coating with moderate durability for

Zinc Selenide optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the 3–5 micron

spectral band.



Performance thick Zinc Selenide substrate with ZnSe3–5NR.











The coating performance specified herein is typical of this particular

coating and does not preclude adherence to other specifications on a

case by case basis. Please call us with your specific requirements.

CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—ZnSe3–5NR


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High Efficiency Anti-Reflectance Coating at 8–12 microns for Zinc Selenide

Description A high efficiency, anti-reflectance coating with moderate durability for Zinc Selenide optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the 8–12 micron spectral band.


Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick Zinc Selenide substrate with ZnSe8–12.




Environmental The coating passes the following environmental tests specified in MIL-F-48616 or Performance MIL-C-48497:











Broad Band Anti-Reflectance Coating at 3–12 microns for Zinc Selenide

Description A broad band anti-reflectance coating for Zinc Selenide optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the wide 3–12 micron spectral region.


Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick Zinc Selenide substrate with the ZnSe3–12 coating.










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Plano mirrors are total reflectors used in laser

cavities and in beam-steering and path-folding

applications. A plane mirror has one flat, highly

polished surface which is coated either with a

broadband coating such as chromium-gold,

protected silver or protected aluminum

(aluminum with a silicon monoxide overcoat) or

with a silver-dielectric multilayer coating

enhanced at some wavelength. The second

side of a plano mirror is fine ground.

Janos Technology offers standard plano

mirrors with single crystal Silicon (highest

thermal conductivity), Pyrex® or Zerodur®

(low thermal expansion material) substrates

and either uncoated or with one of the four

mirror coating types mentioned above. The

standard enhanced silver-dielectric coating is

for use at 10.6 µm at normal incidence. Designs

for other wavelengths and for non-zero angles

of incidence are available. Design assistance

and price quotation will be provided by our

engineering staff at your request.

CapabilitiesCoatings—Mirrors


High Efficiency, Non-Thorium, Anti-Reflectance Coating at 8–12 microns for Zinc Selenide

Description A high efficiency, non-thorium, anti-reflectance coating with moderate durability for Zinc Selenide optics, providing excellent transmission performance in the 8-12 micron spectral band.


Spectral Performance The following spectral transmission value is based on coating both sides of a 1mm thick Zinc Selenide substrate with ZnSe8–12NR.




Environmental The coating passes the following environmental tests specified in MIL-F-48616 or Performance MIL-C-48497:

Adhesion Cellophane tape removal test

Abrasion Moderate (No sign of deterioration such as scratches or streaks when


Temperature -80°F to +160°F (-62°C to 71°C) for 2 hours at each temperature




CapabilitiesCoatings—Lenses and Windows—ZnSe8–12NR


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Protected Silver Theoretical


Durable Protected Silver

Description An evaporated Silver coating with a durable protective layer.

Application Thermal imaging systems, FLIR systems, FTIR systems, Scientific and Astronomical.

Spectral Performance Reflectivity: Greater than 97% average from 0.5 to 2 microns

at 0 to 45 degrees angle of incidence

Greater than 98% average above 2 microns

at 0 to 45 degrees angle of incidence.











CapabilitiesCoatings—Mirrors—Ag-DP


Enhanced Silver Dielectric for 10.6 Microns

Description An evaporated Enhanced Silver Dielectric coating for High reflection at 10.6 Microns.

Application CO2 Laser Systems

Spectral Performance Reflectivity: Greater than 99% at 10.6 microns at

0 to 45 degrees angle of incidence











CapabilitiesCoatings—Mirrors—Ag-10.6

Enhanced Silver Theoretical

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High Reflectivity Aluminum

Description An evaporated Aluminum coating, without a protective layer, to achieve highest

possible reflectivity.

Application FTIR systems, Scientific and Astronomical.

Spectral Performance Reflectivity: Greater than 90% average from 0.25 to 1 microns at


Greater that 95% average from 1 to 2 microns.at

0 to 45 degrees angle of incidence.

Greater than 98% average above 2 microns at


Environmental Best used in nitrogen purged or vacuum purged systems.

Performance Not wipe cleanable. To clean mirror surface, blow off with dry nitrogen only.




CapabilitiesCoatings—Mirrors—Al-HR

Bare Aluminum Theoretical


Durable Protected Aluminum

Description An evaporated Aluminum coating with a durable protective layer.




Greater than 95% average from 1 to 2 microns at














CapabilitiesCoatings—Mirrors—Al-DP

Protected Aluminum Al/SiO Theoretical

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Protected Gold Theoretical


Durable Protected Gold

Description An evaporated Gold coating with a durable protective layer.
















CapabilitiesCoatings—Mirrors—Au-DP

Protected Aluminum Al/MgF2 Theoretical


UV Enhanced Aluminum

Description An evaporated Aluminum coating, with a protective layer, that minimizes reflection

losses in the UV and visible spectral regions, while still providing excellent performance

in the infrared.

Application Thermal imaging systems, FTIR systems, Scientific and Astronomical.



Greater than 95% average from 1 to 2 microns at








Abrasion: Laboratory cleanable.





CapabilitiesCoatings—Mirrors—Al-UV

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Janos Technology has extensive experience in the

diamond turning of non-ferrous metals, crystals and

polymers. Exotic infrared materials such as

Germanium, Calcium Fluoride, Cleartran, Silicon,

Barium Fluoride, Zinc Selenide, AMTIR, as well as

other unique materials are all within our capability.

With a variety of single point diamond turning

equipment, including the recent addition of a new

high speed Nanoform® 200 and Nanoform® 350,

we manufacture precision refractive as well as

reflective optics. Surface contours include

paraboloids, ellipsoids, hyperboloids, spheres,

binarys, flats, waxicons and axicons.

Although the limits vary from one configuration to

another, obtainable and verifiable surface accuracy

to 1/4 lambda per inch is achievable. Typical surface

roughness of 50 angstoms rms can be achieved,

depending on material and configuration. Post

polishing can further improve surface roughness for

certain applications.

Single Point Diamond Turning

For over 30 years Janos Technology has been

working with customers worldwide supplying

custom optical components. We have an impressive

product and service capability that is supported

by our in-house optical design and mechanical

engineering staff. Whether it is a single element

or a complex system, we have the experience to

solve the most complex challenges with innovative

solutions.

Our team approach can support your prototype

development from concept to completion. Once

the prototype design has been proven, we have

the capability and capacity to fulfill your volume

production requirements.

In addition to our experienced optical fabrication

staff, we also have extensive experience in

diamond turning, thin film coating and optical

assembly manufacturing. Our production capabilities

are supported by state-of-the-art testing and quality

control systems.

Call one of our technical sales representatives and

they will work with you and our estimating staff to

provide you with the most cost effective solution for

your project of production requirements.

CapabilitiesCustom Optical Fabrication

Gold Theoretical


High Reflectivity Gold

Description An Evaporated gold coating, without a protective layer, to achieve very high reflection

in the infrared.

Application Thermal imaging systems, FTIR systems, Scientific and Astronomical.







Adhesion: Cellophane tape removal test (As tested on a witness sample, as

the tape adhesive contaminates the coated surface, which cannot be

wipe cleaned.)



Coating is not wipe cleanable without scratching coating.




CapabilitiesCoatings—Mirrors—Au-HR

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The Janos Technology Quality Control Department

is involved in continuous quality improvement from

the receipt of an order, throughout the entire

manufacturing process, to the final testing and

packaging of the completed product.

Our quality control system was designed in

accordance with specifications of MIL-45208A

and calibration standard MIL-STD 45662.

Inspection of optical surfaces are performed

on state of the art equipment by trained

personnel before and after coating. Included in our

capabilities are:

• Non-Contact Profilometry

• Form Measurement Systems

• High Resolution Interferometric Testing

• Surface Roughness Measurement

• Transmittance Testing

• Reflectance Testing

• Environmental Testing

• MTF Testing

Our Quality Assurance Manager is available to work

with you on your quality requirements throughout

the entire process of manufacturing your

components and systems.

Testing and Quality Assurance


Janos Technology has the capability to post polish

diamond turned mirrors and lenses.The diamond

turning process produces minute grooves in the

surface that will act like a diffraction grating surface.

Post polishing after diamond turning significantly

reduces scatter and diffraction grating effects in the

Near Infrared, Visible and UV areas of the photonic

spectrum.

A variety of reflective material are post polishable.

Our process will yield the following surface

roughness:

• Aluminum Aspheres (50Årms)

• Aluminum Spherical and Plano (30Årms)

• Copper (30 Årms)

• Electroless Nickel Plating (20 Årms)

• Copper-Nickel Alloy (30Årms)

Post polishing transmissive materials will yield the

following typical results:

• Post polished surfaces can be coated with Anti-

Reflectance coatings to increase transmission.

• Zinc Selenide (60 Årms)

• Cleartran® (60 Årms)

• Silicon (20Årms)

• Germanium (20 Årms)

• Calcium Fluoride (35 Årms)

• Barium Fluoride (35Årms)

• Polycarbonate (120 Årms)

• Acrylic (75 Årms)

CapabilitiesPost Polishing


Janos Technology has built a reputation over

30 years as being the company that manufactures

the difficult precision components to exacting

specifications.

We are proud of that reputation, but we are equally

as proud of the relationship we have developed with

our OEM Partners. Whether your needs are for

volume components or completed subassemblies,

Janos can work with you to fulfill your requirements.

We can work with you from the initial concept stage

with the support of our optical and mechanical

engineers. We can support your JIT delivery

requirements, including holding back up stock to fill

unexpected demand.

Talk to us, we will work with you to find the solution.

OEM Production Capabilities

Janos Technology has recently added new capacity

for double sided grinding and polishing. This new

capacity is very economical for high volume window

production. Savings can also be realized on lower

quantities depending on material and window size.

We also have the capability to produce single

surface mirrors back to back for even greater

economy.

We are able to produce a variety of window shapes,

circular, square, rectangle, octagonal, elliptical, and

irregular shapes in sizes up to 7.5 inches.

Surface flatness of 1/10th wave @ .6328 microns,

with parallelism of one second, and surface finishes

of 10-5 scratch-dig are achievable depending on

material and part size.

We have the capability to fabricate a variety of

materials including: Germanium, Silicon, Zinc

Selenide, Cleartran, Barium Fluoride, Calcium

Fluoride, Magnesium Fluoride, Fused Silica, BK-7,

Zerodur, Glass, Quartz, Sapphire, and Pyrex.

CapabilitiesDouble Sided Polishing and Grinding

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REFERENCEFilters

General SpecificationsDiameter 25.4mm ± 0.25mm

Thickness 1mm ± 0.25mm

Transmission Range to >2µ

Blocking Range to >12µ

Subtrates Single layer infrared materials

Cut Off Avg Trans. Blocking Part Number

3.0µ 70% OD3 FXSP-03003.5µ 70% OD3 FXSP-03505.0µ 70% OD3 FXSP-05005.5µ 70% OD3 FXSP-0550

Infrared Neutral Density Filters

General SpecificationsSize Tolerance ± 0.25mm

Thickness 1 mm ± 0.25mm

Design Wavelength 2 - 12µ


6-PC Set Optical Density Tranmission Part Number Part Number1" Diameter 50mm Square

Y 0.15 70.79% FX90-0094 FX92-0094Y 0.30 50.12% FX90-0095 FX92-0095Y 0.50 31.62% FX90-0096 FX92-0096

0.70 19.95% FX90-0112 FX92-0112Y 1.00 10.00% FX90-0097 FX92-0097

1.30 5.01% FX90-0113 FX92-01131.70 2.00% FX90-0114 FX92-0114

Y 2.00 1.00% FX90-0098 FX92-0098Y 3.00 0.10% FX90-0099 FX92-0099

See Above 6 Piece Set As indicated FX90-0100 FX92-0100All 9 Filters As indicated FX90-0200 FX92-0200



Transmission >50%


CWL ±0.1µ FWHM ±30nm Blocking (OD3) Part Number

1.94µ 125nm UV - 3.5µ FXBP-01942.10µ 125nm UV - 3.5µ FXBP-02102.30µ 125nm UV - 3.5µ FXBP-02302.50µ 125nm UV - 3.5µ FXBP-02502.70µ 150nm UV - >12µ FXBP-02702.95µ 150nm UV - >12µ FXBP-02953.20µ 150nm UV - >12µ FXBP-03203.46µ 150nm UV - >12µ FXBP-03463.73µ 150nm UV - >12µ FXBP-03733.91µ 150nm UV - >12µ FXBP-03914.00µ 150nm UV - >12µ FXBP-04004.26µ 150nm UV - >12µ FXBP-04264.50µ 150nm UV - >12µ FXBP-04504.70µ 150nm UV - >12µ FXBP-04704.80µ 150nm UV - >12µ FXBP-04805.25µ 150nm UV - >12µ FXBP-0525

Infrared Longpass Filters



Transmission Range to >12µ

Blocking Range to UV


Cut On Avg Trans. Blocking Part Number

2.5µ 70% OD3 FXLP-02503.0µ 70% OD3 FXLP-03003.5µ 70% OD3 FXLP-03504.0µ 70% OD3 FXLP-04005.0µ 70% OD3 FXLP-05005.5µ 70% OD3 FXLP-0550


FiltersInfrared Shortpass Filters


FiltersInfrared Bandpass Filters

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REFERENCEOptical Design

Data


I. Lens Formulae and Design AidsGeneral guidelines for choosing a particular lens type

for a specific application are given along with the

standard part tables in the followings sections.

Complete detailed optical design service for complex

optics or systems is available from Janos Technology.

Fees are often waived for products we manufacture.

Please call our engineering staff for further

information. Below we show calculations to

determine radii of curvature for a given spherical or

cylindrical lens type.

Shown on these sketches are the Effective Focal

Length (EFL), the Back Focal Length (BFL), the

Center Thickness (CT), [and the locations of the

element’s Principle Points (P1 and P2)].

The radii of curvature R1 and R2 refer to the left and

right surfaces respectively. R1 or R2 is positive

(negative) if the center of curvature is to the right (left)

side of the lens. The EFL is positive (negative) if the

focal point is to the right (left).

The lensmaker’s equation for a single element in

air is:

Here’s the index of refraction for the material at

the design wavelength. In most cases this can be

approximated by the Thin Lens Formula:

The BFL (the distance from the center of the second

surface to the focal point) may be found from:

Optical Design DataSpecifying Optical Components

The six lens types are shown below.

Plano Convex Plano Concave

Bi Convex Bi Concave

Positive Meniscus Negative Meniscus

Description 25.00mm Diameter 50.00mm Square Average Transmision

ND 0.05 XB193/25R XB193/50S 90.0ND 0.10 XB13/25R XB13/50S 82.0ND 0.20 XB194/25R XB194/50S 64.0ND 0.30 XB14/25R XB14/50S 50.0ND 0.40 XB195/25R XB195/50S 40.0ND 0.50 XB15/25R XB15/50S 30.0ND 0.60 XB196/25R XB196/50S 25.0ND 0.70 XB197/25R XB197/50S 20.0ND 0.80 XB198/25R XB198/50S 16.0ND 1.00 XB16/25R XB16/50S 10.0ND 2.00 XB17/25R XB17/50S 1.0ND 3.00 XB27/25R XB27/50S 0.1Set of Six XB28/25R and XB28/50S Consists of XB13,XB14,XB15, XB16,XB17 and XB27Set of Twelve XB199/25R and XB199/50S Consists of all NDs listed above in a given size

General SpecificationsDiameter Tolerance +0.00 / -0.50

Thickness Tolerance </= 3.0mm [+.00 / -.50]

Accuracy [± 0.05% of OD @ 550nm]

Neutrality [± 10% of OD @ 550nm

from 400nm – 700nm]

FiltersNeutral Density Filters


Neutral Density Filters, Metallic TypeNeutral Density Filters are thin metallic coatings

deposited on quartz substrates. Used in a modular

fashion to achieve a required attenuation, they offer

flat response from 400 to 700 nm. The part number

system is similar to bandpass filters, with the

exception that the second set of numbers indicates

optical density. The six basic types listed can be

combined to produce densities from 0.1 to 7.0.

Here are two methods to calculate required output

by using combinations of neutral density filters:

• By addition of filter density;

e.g.: ND.3 (XB14) + ND 1.0 (XB16) = ND 1.3

• By calculating transmission;

e.g.: 30%T (XB15) x 10%T (XB16) = 3%T

Optical Transmission 25.4 mm Diameter 50.8 mm SquareDensity (%) Part No. Part No.

0.15 70.80 F3701-015 F3702-0150.30 50.00 F3701-030 F3702-0300.60 25.00 F3701-060 F3702-0601.00 10.00 F3701-100 F3702-1002.00 1.00 F3701-200 F3702-2003.00 0.10 F3701-300 F3702-3004.00 0.01 F3701-400 F3702-400

Box set of 7 filters F3701-000 F3702-000

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Data


HyperbolaWhere R = Radius

K = Conic constant

e = Eccentricity

1/S1 + 1/S2 = 1/EFL

Optical Design Data

EllipseWhere R = Radius

K = Conic constant

e = Eccentricity

1/S1 + 1/S2 = 1/EFL


Complex Aspheric SurfaceFor describing a special aspheric surface, please

use the following universal equation. This will

expedite our accurate response to your inquiries.

In this case the Z axis is parallel to the optical axis:

C = 1/radius of curvature and K = -e2, where e is the

eccentricity of the conic surface. The nature of the

conic surface depends upon the value of K:

K < -1 Hyperboloid

K = -1 Paraboloid

K > -1 Ellipsoid

K = 0 Sphere

K > 0 Oblate Ellipsoid

Supplemental Equations:C = 1/RWhere is the base radius

R = 2•f Where f is the foacl length of the asphere

K = -e2 Where e is he eccentricity of the asphere

Optical Design DataAspheric Data

ParabolaWhere R = Radius

K = Conic constant

EFL = Effective focal length

PFL = Parent focal length

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The situation is depicted in the figure to the left. The

plane of incidence is the plane of the page (i.e. the

plane formed by the incident ray and the surface

normal). Usually, we have two cases: the interface is

from air (or vacuum) to the substrate (n1=1<n2) or

from substrate to air (n1>n2=1).

The basic kinematic properties are:

Angle of reflection = Angle of incidence and

n1sin�1 = n2sin�2 (Snell’s law).

The basic dynamic properties are:

S—polarization

P—polarization

For normal incidence (�1 = 0) both the S and P

formula yield:

Brewster’s Angle, �B, is the angle of incidence for

which RP = 0 (i.e., the reflection is entirely S—

polarized), or alternatively TP = 1:

A Brewster Angle Window is depicted to the right:

Note that there are two surfaces which have to be

taken into account to calculate the transmission

through the window. The Brewster angle for the

second surface is:

Optical Design Data

The Sag (or Sagitta) of a spherical surface is an

essential value to calculate when determining the

edge and center thicknesses of a lens. Loosely

defined, the Sag is the thickness of material required

to accommodate a surface of given radius of

curvature with a given aperture (see figure below).

The Sag of surface (either spherical or cylindrical)

may be calculated from:

II. Comments on Polarization, Reflection and RefractionThe phenomena of reflection and refraction at

dielectric interfaces may be extremely important in

designing optical components. In general, different

polarizations of the incident radiation behave

differently under reflection and refraction.

While the formulae given below are most useful in

calculating the power reflection and transmission

co-efficients at uncoated surfaces of optical

components such as Brewster Angle windows,

prisms, and wedges, the concepts presented should

prove useful in understanding qualitatively the

effects of polarization state and angle of incidence

on coated optical surfaces whose design requires

specification of these parameters. These include

beamsplitters, non-normal incidence anti-reflection

coated optics and non-normal incidence enhanced

dielectric mirrors. The polarization state of a light

wave refers to the direction of the electric field

vector in the wave.

The polarization state is usually characterized as

parallel (German-“Parallel”) to the plane of incidence

(P-polarized); perpendicular (German-“Senkrecht”) to

the plane of incidence (S-polarized); or Random or

Natural Polarization (equal amounts of S and P

polarization—sometimes this is also called

unpolarized light). These are linear polarization

states. A light wave linearly polarized in some

general direction can be considered a sum of S and

P polarized fields having zero phase shift.

If there is a phase shift between the S and P

polarized components, the result is elliptical

polarization. If the S and P components have equal

amplitudes and the phase shift is exactly 90°, the

resulting wave is circularly polarized.

The amount of phase shift between S and P

polarized waves is obviously crucial to the design of

components such as retardation plates where it is a

result of crystal anisotropy. It can also occur in total

internal reflection and is crucial to the design of

some prism types (e.g. Fresnel rhombs) whose

function is to transform a linearly polarized beam

into a circularly polarized beam.

If you require assistance in designing “phase-

shifting” components, you may call us for more

information. On the following pages we present

results useful for calculating the power reflection

and transmission co-efficients for S and P polarized

incident radiation in terms of the indices of refraction

and incident angle.


Optical Design DataSagitta

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Optical Design DataOptical Material Selection Guide

Cesium Iodide CsI

Cesium Bromide CsBr

Lithium Fluoride LiF

Magnesium Fluoride MgF2

Calcium Fluoride CaF2

Barium Fluoride BaF2

Cultured Quartz SiO2

IR Fused Silica SiO2

Glass BK-7

Germanium Ge

Zinc Sulfide ZnS

Zinc Sulfide Cleartran™ ZnS

Zinc Selenide ZnSe

Sodium Chloride NaCl

Gallium Arsenide GaAs

Potassium Chloride KCl

Potassium Bromide KBr

Cadmium Telluride CdTe

Silver Chloride AgCl

Thallium Bromoiodide KRS-5

Silver Bromide AgBr

Silicon Si

UV Fused Silica SiO2

Silicon Si

Transmission range of select IR materials

AMTIR-1

Wavelength in Microns

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .7 1 2 3 4 5 7 10 20 30 40 50 70 100


The incidence angle �i2 on the second surface is, for

parallel surfaces, just the refracted angle �R of the

first surface. It follows then that if:

then:

So one automatically obtains an exact Brewster

angle incidence at the second surface.

The reflection and transmission co-efficients may be

used to design Brewster stack polarizers and in

general to calculate the effects of non-normal

incidence on different states of polarization.

Total Internal Reflection occurs at incidence angles

greater than or equal to that which yields an angle

of refraction greater than 90°. This only occurs if

n1 >n2. The angle at which this occurs �T is found

from Snell’s law:

All waves incident at angles greater than �T will have

no transmitted component.

Optical Design Data

Computer generated plots showing reflection and transmission (polarized) versus angle of incidence for various refractive index combinations.

Barium Fluoride can be used in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared spectral regions. Barium fluoride has

transmission above 90% between 0.25 and 9.5µm.

Barium Fluoride is half as hard as Calcium Fluoride and also more susceptible to thermal shock. However, it is

commonly used in cryogenically cooled thermal imaging systems. It is somewhat more expensive than Calcium

Fluoride and not as readily available in large sizes.

Property SpecificationTransmission Range 0.15 to 12.5µm

Density 4.89 g/cm3

Thermal Expansion 18.1x10-6 /°C@20°C+/-100°C

Coefficient

Surface Finish Polishes of 20-10 scratch-dig are mostly specified for use in UV and visible

applications. Typical specifications for surface quality in the infrared are a 40-20

scratch dig in the 0.75 to 3µm spectral region and 60-40 scratch-dig for the 3-7µm

area. BaF2 is diamond turnable.

Surface Figure Surface figure of a 1/10 wave to 1/2 wave @0.6328 µm are specified mostly on

lenses for ultraviolet and visible use. In the infrared, typical required surface figure

ranges from 1/2 wave to 2 waves @0.6328 µm depending on the system

performance requirements.

AR Coating Options Typical available coatings for BaF2 include BBAR for 0.8 to 2.5 µm, 3 to 5µm or

the 1 to 5µm spectral regions.

Typical Applications Cryogenically cooled thermal imaging, Astronomical, Laser applications.

Products Manufactured Lenses, Aspheric lenses, Windows, Optical Beamsplitters, Optical Filters,

Wedges, Prisms.

Optical Materials Selection GuideBarium Fluoride (BaF2)


Wavelength Index ofµm Refraction (n)

1.700 1.4662.152 1.4643.422 1.4594.000 1.4556.238 1.4427.268 1.433

10.346 1.396

Barium Fluoride

REFERENCEOptical M

aterialsSelection Guide

AMTIR-1 is a “glass like” amorphous material with a high homogeneity, that is able to transmit in the infrared.

AMTIR-1 is used for infrared windows, lenses, and prisms, when transmission in the range of .75-14µm is

desired. AMTIR-1 is not water soluble. The low thermal change in refractive index (72 x 10-6/°C) is an

advantage in lens design to prevent defocussing. The upper use temperature is 300°C.

AMTIR-1’s composition of Ge33As12Se55 makes it somewhat similar to Germanium in its mechanical and

optical properties. It is nearly as dense as Germanium but has a lower index of refraction, making it a good

option for color correction with Germanium in an optical system. AMTIR-1 peforms especially well in the

8-12µm spectral region where its absorption and dispersion are the lowest. AMTIR-1 optical grade material

is generally more expensive than Germanium.

Property SpecificationTransmission Range .75µm to 14µm

Density 4.4 g/cm3

Thermal Expansion 12x10-6 / °C

Coefficient

Surface Finish Typical specifications for surface quality in the infrared are 40-20 or 60-40 scratch

dig in the 1 to 7 µm spectral region and 60-40, 80-50 or 120-80 scratch-dig for the

7-14µm area, depending upon system performance requirements. Diamond Turned

surface finishes of 120 Angstroms rms or better are typical.

Surface Figure In the infrared, typical required surface figure ranges from 1/2wave to 2 waves

@0.6328 µm depending on the system performance requirements.

AR Coating Options Mostly BBAR coated for use in the 3-5µm or 8-12µm spectral regions. Many other

specialized coating bands are possible between 1 and 14µm.

Typical Applications Thermal imaging, FLIR, YAG laser systems.

Products Manufactured Lenses, Aspheric Lenses, Binary (Diffractive) Lenses, Windows, Wedges, Prisms.

Optical Materials Selection GuideAMTIR-1 (Amorphous Material Transmitting Infrared Radiation)

56

Amtir 1


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1.00 2.6062.00 2.5313.00 2.5194.00 2.5147.00 2.506

10.00 2.49814.00 2.483

Amtir 1

Calcium Fluoride can be used in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared spectral regions. Calcium Fluoride has a

transmission above 90% between 0.25 and 7µm.

Calcium Fluoride is twice as hard as Barium Fluoride and also less susceptible to thermal shock. However, it is

commonly used in cryogenically cooled thermal imaging systems. It is less expensive than Barium Fluoride.

CaF2 is diamond turnable

Property SpecificationTransmission Range 0.13µm to 7.0µm

Density 3.18 g/cm3

Thermal Expansion 18.85x10-6 / °C

Coefficient

Surface Finish Polishes of 20-10 scratch-dig are mostly specified for use in UV and visible

applications. Typical specifications for surface quality in the infrared are a

40-20 scratch dig in the 0.75 to 3µm spectral region and 60-40 scratch-dig for the

3-7µm area.

Surface Figure Surface figure: In the UV and Visible spectral regions, surface figure ranges from

1/10 wave to 1/4 wave @ 0.6328µm. In the infrared, typical required surface figure

ranges from 1/4 wave to 2 waves @ 0.6328 µm and are specified depending on the

system performance requirements.

AR Coating Options Available coatings for CaF2 include BBAR for 0.8 to 2.5µm, 3 to 5µm or the 1 to 5µm

spectral regions

Typical Applications Cryogenically cooled thermal imaging, Astronomical, Microlithography, Excimer

Laser applications.

Products Manufactured Lenses, Aspheric lenses, windows, Optical Beamsplitters, Optical Filters,

Wedges, Prisms.

Optical Materials Selection GuideCalcium Fluoride (CaF2)



1.0600 1.4282.0582 1.4244.0000 1.4105.8932 1.3878.2505 1.3449.4291 1.316

Calcium Fluoride

REFERENCEOptical M


Borosilicate Crown Glass is used for windows, lenses, and prisms where transmission in the range 0.4µm to

1.4µm is desired. The refractive index varies from about 1.53 to 1.5 through this range. It is used for thermally

non-critical applications.

Property SpecificationTransmission Range 0.4-2.5µm

Density 2.51 g/cc

Thermal Expansion 7.1x10-6/°K @ -30° to +70°C, and 8.3x10-6/°K @ 20°C to 300°C

Coefficient

Surface Finish BK-7 polishes extremely well and polishes of 10-5, or 20-10 scratch-dig are

achieved at extra costs respectively, mainly for UV and visible applications.

Surface Figure Surface figure of 1/10 wave to 1/4 wave @0.6328µm are specified mostly on lenses

for ultraviolet and visible use.

AR Coating Options AR @ 0.8-2.5µm, AR @ 1.064, AR @ Visible W.L.

Typical Applications Astronomical, Thermal Imaging

Products Manufactured Lenses, Windows, Wedges, Prism, Beam Splitters, Filters.

Optical Materials Selection GuideBorosilicate Crown Glass (BK-7)

58


0.4047 1.5300.4800 1.5230.5461 1.5190.6328 1.5150.8521 1.5101.0600 1.5071.5300 1.5011.9700 1.4952.3250 1.489

BK-7


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Germanium has the highest index of refraction of any commonly used infrared transmitting materials. It is a

very popular material for systems operating in the 3-5 or 8-12µm spectral regions. Germanium blocks UV and

visible light and in the infrared up to about 2µm. Its high index is desirable for the design of lenses that might

not otherwise be possible. Germanium has nearly the highest density of the infrared transmitting materials and

this should be taken into consideration when designing for weight restricted systems. Germanium is subject to

thermal runaway, meaning that the hotter it gets, the more the absorption increases. Pronounced transmission

degradation starts at about 100°C and begins rapidly degrading between 200°C and 300°C, resulting in

possible catastrophic failure of the optic.

Property SpecificationTransmission Range 2 to 14µm

Density 5.33g/cm3

Thermal Expansion 2.3x10-6 /°K @ 100°K, 5.0x10-6 /°K @ 200°K, 6.0x10-6 /°K @ 300°K

Coefficient


dig in the 2 to 7µm spectral region and 60-40, 80-50 or 120-80 scratch- dig for the

7-14µm area, depending upon system performance requirements. Diamond turned

surface finishes of 120 Angstroms rms or better are typical.

Surface Figure Surface figure: In the infrared, typical surface figure ranges from 1/2 wave to 2

waves @0.6328µm depending on the system performance requirements.

AR Coating Options Typical available coatings for Germanium include BBAR for 3 to 5µm, 8 to 12µm,

and the 3 to 12µm spectral regions. Many application specialized bands are

possible between the 2 and 14µm.

Typical Applications Thermal imaging, FLIR.

Products Manufactured Lenses, Aspheric Lenses, Binary (Diffractive) Lenses, Windows, Optical

Beamsplitters, Optical Filters, Wedges.

Optical Materials Selection GuideGermanium (Ge)



2.5 4.0463.0 4.0444.0 4.0258.0 4.007

10.0 4.00512.0 4.00414.0 4.003

Germanium

REFERENCEOptical M


Optical grade Gallium Arsenide is an infrared transmitting, semi-insulating material. Special Properties: Gallium

Arsenide is nearly as hard, strong and dense as Germanium. It is commonly used in applications where

toughness, and durability are of great importance. It has a low absorption coefficient of 0.01cm–1 from 2.5 to

12µm. GaAs optical grade material is generally more expensive than Germanium and ZnSe. GaAs is Diamond

Turnable.

Property SpecificationTransmission Range 2µm to 15µm

Density 5.31g/cm3

Thermal Expansion 6x10-6 /°K

Coefficient


dig in the 2 to 7µm spectral region and 60-40, 80-50 or 120-80 scratch-dig for the

7-15µm area, depending upon system performance requirements.

Surface Figure In the infrared, typical surface figure ranges from 1/2 wave to 2 waves @0.6328 µm

depending on the system performance requirements.

AR Coating Options Typical available coatings for GaAs include a BBAR for 3 to 5µm spectral region,

and a BBAR for the 8 to 12µm spectral region. Many other specialized bands are

possible within the 2 to 15µm spectral region.

Typical Applications Thermal imaging, CO2 laser systems, FLIR

Products Manufactured Lenses, Aspheric Lenses, Windows, Wedges

Optical Materials Selection GuideGallium Arsenide (GaAs)

62


4.0 3.30710.0 3.27814.0 3.251

Gallium Arsenide


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Potassium Bromide is used for windows and prisms when transmission to 26µm is desired. Potassium

Bromide is water soluble and must be protected against moisture degradation of polished surfaces.

The material cleaves readily, and can be used at temperatures up to 300°C. UV irradiation of Potassium

Bromide produces color centers.

Property SpecificationTransmission Range 0.23µm to 25µm

Density 2.754 gm/cm3

Thermal Expansion 43x10-6/°C

Coefficient

Surface Finish Generally 60-40 or 80-50 Scratch Dig in the Infrared.

Surface Figure Generally λ/20 @ 10.6µm

AR Coating Options Moisture Protection (Specify Wavelength of Use).

Typical Applications IR Spectroscopic components, beamsplitters, CO2 lasers.

Products Manufactured Windows, Lenses, Lens Protectors, Wedges, Aspheric Lenses.

Optical Materials Selection GuidePotassium Bromide (KBr)



2.440 1.5374.258 1.5356.692 1.5328.662 1.5299.724 1.527

11.862 1.52214.290 1.51517.400 1.50418.160 1.50121.180 1.487

Potassium Bromide

REFERENCEOptical M


Fused silica is often used in near infrared systems performing in the 0.8-2.5µm spectral region. It is also

frequently used at the popular 1.064µm Nd:YAG laser wavelength.

The material has high homogeneity and good transmission in the visible and near infrared spectral regions.

Cost of the material ranges widely by type and purity. However the most common Fused Silica for infrared use

is quite a bit more expensive than Silicon and slightly less expensive than Calcium Fluoride or ZnS Multi-

spectral grade. Due to the materials inherently hard SiO2 amorphous structure, the material is not diamond

turnable. Typical specifications for surface quality in the near infrared regions are a 40-20 scratch dig.


Density 2.202g/cm3

Thermal Expansion 5.5x10-7 / °C@20 to 320°C

Coefficient

Surface Finish Fused Silica polishes extremely well and polishes of 10-5, or 20-10 scratch-dig are


Surface Figure In the infrared, typical surface figure ranges from 1/4 wave to 2 waves @0.6328µm

and are specified depending on the system performance requirements.

AR Coating Options Typical available infrared coatings are a BBAR from 0.8- 2.5µm and an AR coating

for 1.064µm wavelength.

Typical Applications Thermal imaging, Astronomical, Microlithography, Excimer laser applications,

Nd:YAG laser applications.

Products Manufactured Lenses, Windows, Wedges, Optical Beamsplitters, Optical Filters, Prism.

Optical Materials Selection GuideFused Silica (IR Grade) (SiO2)

64


2.0 1.438

IR Fused Silica


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Thallium Bromoiodide is widely used for optics when transmission to about 40µm is desired. KRS-5 is

relatively insoluble in water and may be used in cells in contact with aqueous solutions.

KRS-5 is superior to the simple Bromide and Iodide Salts in that it is much harder. The top operating

temperature is 200°C. The material does not cleave but will flow under pressure. The softness of the material

limits the optical figure and surface quality that can be achieved in fabrication.


Density 7.371 gm/cc


Surface Finish Generally a Low Scatter Polish for the Infrared (80-50 Scratch Dig).

AR Coating Options Moisture Protection (Specify Wavelegth of Use).

Typical Applications Attenuated total reflection prisms, IR windows and lenses.

Products Manufactured Windows, Lenses, Wedges, Prism, Aspheric Lenses, Beam Splitters.

Optical Materials Selection GuideThallium Bromoiodide (KRS-5)



2.0 2.3954.0 2.3826.0 2.3788.0 2.375

10.0 2.37112.0 2.36614.0 2.36416.0 2.35518.0 2.34820.0 2.34122.0 2.33224.0 2.32326.0 2.31228.0 2.30130.0 2.28932.0 2.275

Thallium Bromoiodide

REFERENCEOptical M


Potassium Chloride is used for low cost CO2 laser optics and infrared windows, lenses, and prisms when

transmission in the range to 20µm is desired (transmission extends beyond that of Sodium Chloride).

Potassium Chloride is soluble in water and polished surfaces must be protected from moisture. Maximum use

temperature is 400°C.


Density 1.989gm/cm3


Coefficient

Surface Finish Generally 60-40 or 80-50 Scratch Dig in the Infrared.

Surface Figure Generally λ/20 @ 10.6µm

AR Coating Options Moisture Protection (Specify Wavelength of Use).

Typical Applications IR Spectroscopic components, beamsplitters, CO2 lasers.

Products Manufactured Windows, Lenses, Lens Protectors, Wedges, Aspheric Lenses.

Optical Materials Selection GuidePotassium Chloride (KCl)

66


2.3573 1.4754.7146 1.4715.8932 1.4698.2505 1.463

10.0184 1.45712.9650 1.44314.1410 1.43715.9120 1.42618.2000 1.40920.4000 1.38922.2000 1.37424.1000 1.35226.7000 1.30028.2000 1.254

Potassium Chloride


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Magnesium Fluoride is used for optical elements in both the infrared and ultraviolet. Its useful transmission

range is from .19µm; to 6.5µm. The refractive index varies from about 1.48 to 1.3. Magnesium Fluoride is

a birefringent material and this aspect should be taken into consideration before selection of this material in

an optical design. Janos uses only VUV grade material, with the C-axis oriented to minimize birefringence.

Irradiation does not lead to color centers. This VUV material is the least susceptible to radiation induced

color centers.

Magnesium Fluoride is one of the lowest index infrared materials, second only to Lithium Fluoride. It is resistant

to thermal and mechanical shock. The material is twice as hard as Calcium Fluoride but only half as hard as

Germanium. Magnesium Fluoride is significantly more expensive than Calcium Fluoride and Barium Fluoride,

but usually not more expensive than Lithium Fluoride. Magnesium Fluoride is similar to Calcium Fluoride in its

resistance to water.


Density 3.177g/cm3

Thermal Expansion 13.7x10-6 /°C Parallel to C-axis

Coefficient 8.48 x10-6 /°C Perpendicular to C-axis

Surface Finish Polishes of 10-5, or 20-10 scratch-dig are achieved at extra costs respectively

mainly for UV applications. Typical specifications for surface quality in the visible

and near infrared regions are a 40-20 and 60-40 scratch dig in the 3 to 7µm range.

MgF2 is diamond turnable.

Surface Figure In the UV and Visible spectral regions, surface figure ranges from 1/10 wave to

1/2 wave @0.6328µm. In the infrared, typical required surface figure ranges from

1/2 wave to 2 waves @0.6328µm and are specified depending on the system

performance requirements.

AR Coating Options Magnesium Fluoride can be AR coated for use in the infrared but generally without

much improvement in transmission due to its low index of refraction and already

high transmission.

Typical Applications Thermal imaging, Astronomical, Excimer laser applications.

Products Manufactured Lenses, Aspheric lenses, Windows, Optical Beamsplitters, Optical Filters,

Wedges, Prisms.

Optical Materials Selection GuideMagnesium Fluoride (MgF2)



0.114 1.78050.118 1.68000.130 1.55600.150 1.48000.170 1.44700.190 1.43100.300 1.40000.700 1.3760

Magnesium Fluoride

REFERENCEOptical M


Lithium Fluoride has the lowest index of refraction of all the common infrared materials. LiF is slightly plastic,

and has a relatively high thermal expansion coefficient. It is also the most expensive of the Fluoride series of

crystals.


Density 2.639 g/cm3

Thermal Expansion 37x10-6 / °C

Coefficient

Surface Finish Typical specifications for surface quality in the infrared are a 40-20 scratch dig in the

0.75 to µm spectral region and 60-40 or 80-50 scratch-dig for the 3-7µm area

depending upon system performance requirements. LiF is diamond turnable.

Surface Figure In the infrared, typical surface figure ranges from 1/2 wave to 4 waves @0.6328µm

depending upon system performance requirements.

AR Coating Options LiF can be AR coated for use in the infrared, but generally without much

improvement in transmission due to its low index of refraction and already high

transmission

Typical Applications Thermal imaging, Astronomical, Excimer laser applications.

Products Manufactured Lenses, Aspheric lenses, Windows, Wedges, Prisms.

Optical Materials Selection GuideLithium Fluoride (LiF)

68


1.0 1.3872.0 1.3793.0 1.3674.0 1.3495.0 1.3275.8 1.304

Lithium Fluoride


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Fused silica is often used in near infrared systems performing in the 0.8-2.5µm spectral region. It is also

frequently used at the popular 1.064µm Nd:YAG laser wavelength.

The material has high homogeneity and good transmission in the visible and near infrared spectral regions.

Cost of the material ranges widely by type and purity. However the most common Fused Silica for infrared

use is quite a bit more expensive than Silicon and slightly less expensive than Calcium Fluoride or ZnS

Multi-spectral grade. Due to the materials inherently hard SiO2 amorphous structure, the material is not

diamond turnable. Typical specifications for surface quality in the near infrared regions are a 40-20 scratch dig.


Density 2.202g/cm3

Thermal Expansion 5.5x10-7 / °C@20 to 320°C

Coefficient

Surface Finish Fused Silica polishes extremely well and polishes of 10-5, or 20-10 scratch-dig are


Surface Figure Surface figure of 1/10 wave to 1/4 wave @0.6328 µm are specified mostly on lenses

for ultraviolet and visible use.

AR Coating Options Typical available infrared coatings are a BBAR from 0.8- 2.5 µm and an AR coating

for 1.064 µm wavelength.

Typical Applications Thermal imaging, Astronomical, Microlithography, Excimer laser applications,

Nd:YAG laser applications.

Products Manufactured Lenses, Windows, Wedges, Optical Beamsplitters, Optical Filters, Prism.

Optical Materials Selection GuideFused Silica (UV Grade) (SiO2)


2.0 1.438

UV Fused Silica


A semiconductor material that is commonly used in infrared optical systems operating in the 3 to 5µm spectral

band. The refractive index is near 3.4 throughout the range. Silicon is also useful as a transmitter in the 20µm

to 300µm range.

Silicon is used as a mirror substrate for lasers because of its thermal conductivity, light weight, and hardness. It

is also used for windows and lenses in the 1.2µm to 6.7µm range. Due to the strong absorption at 9µm, Silicon

is not suitable for use with CO2 lasers as a transmitting optic but is widely used for CO2 mirrors.

Silicon has one of the lowest densities of the common infrared materials making it ideal for systems with weight

constraints. The density of Silicon is only half that of Germanium, Gallium Arsenide and Zinc Selenide. Silicon is

harder than Germanium and not as brittle. Silicon is the lowest material cost option of all the infrared materials.

Property SpecificationTransmission Range 1.2 to 7.0µm and from 25µm out to beyond 300µm

Density 2.329 g/cm3

Thermal Expansion 2.55x10-6 /°C@25°C

Coefficient

Surface Finish Typical specifications for surface quality in the infrared are a 40-20 scratch dig in the

1.2 to 3µm spectral region and 60-40 scratch-dig for the 3-7µm area. Diamond

Turned surface finishes of 120Angstroms rms or better are typical.

Surface Figure In the infrared, typical required surface figure ranges from 1/2 wave to 2 waves

@0.6328µm and are usually specified depending on the system performance

requirements.

AR Coating Options The most common anti-reflectance coating for Silicon is BBAR for 3 to 5µm. Many

other specialized wavelength bands are possible within the 1.2 to 7.0µm range.

Typical Applications Thermal imaging, FLIR.

Products Manufactured Lenses, Aspheric Lenses, Binary(Diffractive) Lenses, Windows, Optical

Beamsplitters, Optical Filters, Wedges.

Optical Materials Selection GuideSilicon (Si)


1.5 3.4842.0 3.4563.0 3.4364.0 3.4295.0 3.4266.0 3.4247.0 3.423

Silicon

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Zinc Sulfide (ZnS), Regular Grade A Chemically Vapor Deposited (CVD) material , ZnS (regular) has good

imaging quality over the 8-12µm band. It also transmits in the 3-5µm band, but with higher absorption and

scatter. The material exhibits high strength and hardness, and good resistance to hostile environments. The

ZnS regular is 50% harder than ZnS, multispectral grade and twice and hard as ZnSe. ZnS regular does not

transmit well in the visible spectral region. It has the relatively low cost of about 2/3 the price of ZnS, multi-

spectral grade or ZnSe. Zinc Sulfide is mainly used for windows and lenses in the 8µm to 12µm range. The

reflective index is near 2.2. Zinc Sulfide is particularly strong and can be used for infrared windows in high

speed aircraft and vacuum applications.

Property SpecificationTransmission Range 3µm to 12µm

Density 4.09g/cm3


Coefficient

Surface Finish Typical specifications for surface quality in the 3-12µm spectral region are 60-40,

80-50or 120-80 scratch dig depending upon system performance requirements.

ZnS regular is diamond turnable.

Surface Figure In the infrared, typical surface figure ranges from 1/2 wave to 2 waves @0.6328 µm

depending on the system performance requirements.

AR Coating Options Typical available coatings for ZnS include BBAR for the 3 to 5µm and the 8 to 12µm

regions. Many other specialized wavelength bands are possible within the 3 to

12µm spectral range.

Typical Applications Thermal imaging, FLIR

Products Manufactured Products manufactured: Lenses, Aspheric lenses, Windows, Domes, Wedges

Optical Materials Selection GuideZinc Sulfide (ZnS)—Regular Grade


1.0 2.2923.0 2.2575.0 2.2467.0 2.2329.0 2.212

11.0 2.18613.0 2.15215.0 2.10617.0 2.045

Zinc Sulfide


Zerodur® is used for mirror substrates where extreme thermal stability is desired. Its co-efficient of thermal

expansion is less than one percent of Pyrex®.

Property SpecificationDensity 2.53g/cm3

Thermal Expansion 0±0.10x10-6/°K from 0 to 50°C

Coefficient

Surface Finish Generally 20-10, 40-20, 60-40, or 80-50, Depending Upon Application.

Surface Figure Generally λ/10 @ 0.620µm, λ/4 @ .6328, λ/2@ .6328, or 1λ @ .6328,

Depending Upon Application.

Coating Options Protected Aluminum, Gold, Protected Gold (see mirror coatings section).

Typical Applications Astronomical.

Products Manufactured Plano Mirrors, Concave Mirrors, Convex Mirrors.

Optical Materials Selection GuideZerodur®

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Additional MaterialsJanos Technology has an extensive experience base in the fabrication of a wide variety of standard and exotic

materials. The list of materials includes (but is not limited to) Spinel, Silicon Carbide, Aluminum, Titanium,

Stainless Steel, Copper,Copper Nickel Alloy, Electroless Nickel Plating and optical plastics. We are always

interested in developing fabrication methods for new materials. Contact us with your requirements.

Optical Materials Selection GuideZinc Selenide (ZnSe)

Continued from previous page.


1.0 2.48903.0 2.43804.0 2.43305.0 2.43007.0 2.42209.0 2.4120

10.6 2.402811.0 2.400013.0 2.385015.0 2.367017.0 2.3440

Zinc Selenide


Zinc Selenide is used for infrared windows, lenses, and prisms where transmission in the range 0.63µm to

18µm is desired. Zinc Selenide has a very low absorption co-efficient and is used extensively for high power

infrared laser optics. It is non-hygroscopic.

Zinc Selenide is a relatively soft material and scratches rather easily. The low absorption of the material avoids

the thermal runaway problems of Germanium. Zinc Selenide requires an anti- reflection coating due to its high

refractive index if high transmission is required. ZnSe has a fairly low dispersion across its useful transmission

range.

Zinc Selenide, a chemically vapor deposited material, is the material of choice for optics used in high power

CO2 laser systems due to its low absorption at 10.6µm. However it is also a popular choice in systems

operating at various bands within its wide transmission range. ZnSe has a high resistance to thermal shock

making it the prime material for high power CO2 laser systems. ZnSe however is only 2/3 the hardness of ZnS

multi-specral grade but the harder anti-reflectance coatings do serve to protect ZnSe. Zinc Selenide’s cost is

about the same as ZnS multi-spectral grade and is generally more expensive than Germanium.


Density 5.27g/cm3


Coefficient


dig in the 0.8 to 7µm spectral region and 60-40, 80-50 or 120-80 scratch-dig for the

7 to 16µm area, depending upon system performance requirements. Diamond

Turned surface finishes of 150 Angstroms rms or better are typical.

Surface Figure In the infrared, typical required surface figures range from 1/2 wave to 2 waves

@0.6328 µm depending on the system performance requirements.

AR Coating Options Typical available coatings for ZnSe include BBAR for 0.8 to 2.5µm, 3 to 5µm,

1 to 5µm, 8 to 12µm, and the 3 to 12µm spectral regions and single wavelength

coating AR at 10.6µm. Many other specialized wavelength bands are possible within

the 0.6 to 16µm range.

Typical Applications CO2 laser systems, Thermal imaging, FLIR, Astronomical, Medical

Products Manufactured Lenses, Aspheric Lenses, Binary (diffractive) Lenses, Windows, Optical

Beamsplitters and Optical Filters, Prism.

Optical Materials Selection GuideZinc Selenide (ZnSe)

Continued on next page.

REFERENCEOptical DesignInform

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For the latest in new products, technical support

and industry news, visit us online. Our web site is

designed to keep you up to date with the latest in

new product development, new capabilities and

news about Janos Technology.

• Online Catalog

• Optical Filters

• Infrared Camera Lenses

• Online Order Form

• Online RFQ Form

• Coating Specifications

• Optical Materials Guide

• Test Plate Download

• Overrun Specials

• Technical Information

To check prices or to download a current price list,please go to:www.janostech.com/pricelist

or call a sales representative at 802-365-7714.


Janos Technology maintains an extensive inventory

of test plates. Test plate fitting during the optical

design phase can significantly reduce tooling costs

and improve delivery.

The availability of our test plates covers a full range

of spherical radii with a tolerance of ± 0.01%.

Our test plate list can be downloaded from our

website at www.janostech.com. The list is available

in a variety of formats. Zemax, WordPerfect, and

Microsoft Word as well as ASCII file are all available.

In addition, printed versions as well as floppy disk

files can be requested by contacting your technical

sales representative.

Optical Design InformationTest Plates

Website Informationwww.janostech.com

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REFERENCETherm

al Imaging

When choosing a lens supplier for yourThermal Imager, ask yourself:

Are you getting the whole picture?Our optical designs are completed using Anti-

Vignetting technology to ensure that the image fills

your Infrared detector from corner to corner. You will

not get dark or faded corners in your image. Optics

by Janos will maximize your cameras full potential.

Do you have a choice on wavelength, focal length,and F#?We offer a wide variety of optics to work with most

of the available Infrared Thermal Imagers and

applications. New lines of lens assemblies are being

designed all the time, so call and ask if you don’t

see your ideal lens listed among our standards.

Are you getting a lifetime warranty on the mount?With the optic being a critical element to your

Thermal Imager, you can be sure that the mount we

supply will be the least of your worries. If a Janos

mount fails to hold your lens as designed, we shall

replace it with no questions asked.

Are you getting state of the art designs for the imagers of today?As Thermal Imagers evolve, so should the optics

used with them. We have an on going effort to

improve performance and cost of our lens

assemblies. A standard lens today could be

obsolete in a year, replaced by a more optimal

designed lens assembly.

Can you customize standard lenses without excessiveNRE charges?If your application requires a change to our standard

design, we will work with you to develop the most

accommodating layout. You will not have to pay the

price of custom system for modifications.

Can you get strategic inventory planning for smallbusiness & OEM’s?We want to develop a strategic partnership to help

you succeed, and in turn help us to succeed. We

want to hear your plans and work out the best

strategy to provide lens assemblies when you need

them, and within your budget.

Are you getting timely responses to questions?You will have questions, and we have the answers.

We’ll even share them with you.

Do you have access to the engineering staff?Our sales staff is courteous and well informed, but

we know they don’t have all the answers. Our

engineering staff is in constant communication

with customers, providing first hand answers to

your most technical questions.

Do you feel appreciated and respected?We know you have a choice, and we appreciate

your business. We have the firm belief that the sale

is not complete until you receive the product. Our

communications will continue until we know that you

are satisfied with your purchase. We will do the best

we can to be your primary source for Infrared lens

assemblies.

…at Janos Technology, you will.


Thermal ImagingWho’s Looking Out For You?

REFE

RENC

EOp

tical

Des

ign

Info

rmat

ion

Aberration: A defect in the image forming capacity of a lens.

Absorbance: The ability of a medium to absorb radiation dependanton temperature and wavelength. Stated as a negative logarithm ofthe transmittance.

Afocal: Without a focal length. An optical system with its object andimage point at infinity.

Angstrom (Å): A unit of measure for a wavelength of light equal toten one billionths of a meter.

Aperture: An opening in an optical system that limits the amount oflight passing through the system.

AR coatings: Anti-Reflection coatings. Coatings designed toenhance the transmission of an optic by reducing loss due toreflected light off the surfaces.

Axis/Optical Axis: The optical center-line of a lens or system. Theline passing through the centers of curvature of the optical surfacesof a lens

Beam Diameter: The diameter of that portion of the beamcontaining 86% of the output power.

Beam splitter: A device that optically splits a laser {or other} beaminto two or more beams.

Brewster Angle Window: A window set at brewster’s angle withrespect to incoming radiation. The result is that P polarized light willnot be reflected while most of the S polarized light is reflected. Thelight transmitted will be mostly P polarized.

Coherent light: Light or radiation composed of wave trainsvibrating in phase with each other. Parallel rays of light

Collimated light: Divergent light rays rendered parallel by means ofa lens or other device allowing a sharper image of an object to befocused at the focal plane.

Complex Lens: An assembly consisting of several compoundlenses.

Compound lens: An assembly consisting of more than one simplelens elements.

Concave: A solid curved surface similar to the inside surface of asphere.

Convergence: The bending of light rays towards each other as by apositive [convex] lens.

Convex: A solid curved surface similar the outside surface of asphere.

Diffraction Limited lens: A lens having negligible residualaberrations.

Divergence: The angle at which a beam spreads in the far field.The bending of rays away from each other as by a negative[concave] lens.

Effective Focal Length: The effective focal length [EFL] of a lens isthe distance from the principal point to the focal point

F/number: The focal length divided by the diameter of the axialbeam on the entrance pupil when the object is at infinity. F/# = f/d

Fluorecence: The glow induced in a material when bombarded bylight of radiation.

Focus: The spot where the wavefront originating at a point on thesource is converged to form a point image.

Hyperfocal: The distance at which a lens may be focused toproduce satisfactory image quality over an extended range of objectdistances.

Image: The likeness of an object produced by an optical system orlens.

Incident light: A ray [or rays] of light that strikes an optical surfaceor other object. The angle of incidence is the angle made by thestriking beam from perpendicular.

Joule: One watt per second. Generally used as a measure of laseroutput.

Lens: A component that converges or diverges an incidentwavefront.

Meniscus Lens: A lens with one side convex and the otherconcave.

Nanometer [nm]: Unit of length. One billionth of one meter.

Objective Lens: The component in a lens system initiallyresponsible for collecting light from the source or object andforming an image of it.

Photon: The elemental unit of light, having wave and particlebehavior. It has motion, but no charge or mass.

Polarization: As regards light radiation; The restriction of thevibrations of the magnetic or electric field vector to a single plane.

Power Density: The amount of radiant energy concentrated at apoint.

Pulse energy: The amount of energy contained in a single, pulsedemission from a laser programmed for pulsed operation. Pulsedenergy can be several times greater than CW emissions.

Radian: An arc in a circle equal to the radius in length. [An angle of57.3° at the center or a circle, formed by 2 radii cutting off such anarc—thus 1 radian = 57.3°].

Radiant energy: Energy traveling as wave motion. Specifically, forelectromagnetic waves.

Reflectance: The return of radiant energy by a surface.

Refraction: The bending of incident rays as they pass from onemedium to another.

Resonator: A volume, bound at least in part by highly reflectivesurfaces, in which light of particularly discrete frequencies can setup standing wave modes of low loss.

Spectral Response: The response of a device to material or tomonochromatic light as a function of wavelength.

Transmission: The passage of radiant energy through a medium.

Transmittance: The ratio of transmitted radiant energy to incidentradiant energy.

Wave: The undulation or vibration [a form of movement] by whichall radiant energy in the electromagnetic spectrum is thought totravel.

Wavelength: The length of the light wave, which determines it’scolor. Common units of measurement are; angstroms, nanometersor microns.

Window: A piece of material with plane parallel surfaces which maybe used to transmit, reflect or block all or part of a beam.

Optical Design InformationGlossary of Optical Terms


REFE

RENC

ETh

erm

al Im

agin

gREFERENCE

Thermal Im

aging


Janos Technology carries the following standard

lines of Thermal Imaging lenses, in a variety of focal

lengths and wavelengths. Options range from wide

field of view, short focal lengths to narrow field of

view, long focal lengths, as well as dual field of view.

Lenses are focused either manually or motorized

depending on the model. Contact us for more a

complete list of focal length options, and to verify

that our lens is compatible with your Thermal

Imager.

Thermal ImagingCommercial Lenses

Let us sharpen your image!

ASIO 3µ–5µ F/2.3

STRIX 8µ–12µ F/1.4

VARIA8µ–12µ F/2

NYCTEA 1.5µ–5µ F/2.3

ALBA3µ–5µ F/4

TYTO8µ–12µ F/1

SURNIA8.0µ–12µ F/0.86

Mounts andAccessories


If the optimal lens for you is not part of our standard

lines, Janos Technology can do a custom design to

your specifications. The engineers at Janos can also

work with you if you have your own optical design.

Janos Technology has been designing and

manufacturing lens assemblies as small as a few

millimeters in diameter, up to 24" in diameter. Contact

us to discuss how we can best meet your need.

Thermal ImagingCustom Systems

Documents

Janos Technology Inc. Table of Contents - Janos Tech … · REFERENCE Capabilities REFERENCE Capabilities Janos Technology • 802-365-7714 • [email protected] 5 Anti-Reflectance