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No More Mudguards
NO MOREMUDGUARDS1....
Celsuis Personal Thermostat
®
concept for...
7....
Home Utilising Green Energy
in collaboration with...
14....
James LongProduct Design BSc
Work Samples from PDD
19....
1
No More Mudguards
Mudguards were invented to keep cyclists clean and dry. They were developed to do a job a wheel could not do alone. They’ve been redesigned, remodelled and repositioned but the wheel remains the real problem. The project investigates how the bicycle wheel can be redesigned to reduce the amount of spray created whilst cycling in wet conditions.
NO MOREMUDGUARDS
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Research & Experiments
01 Initial test rig used to investigate the relationship between tyre speed & angle of spray
02 Discovered that all tyres types will wet a rider above 8mph due to the rubber compound
03 A hydrophobic coating would prevent water from sticking to the tyre but is very fragile
04 Hierarchical roughness can be used to protect the topography of a hydrophobic coating
05 Only a small proportion of the tyre is in contact with the road, the rest is protected
06 A tyre was sprayed with a hydrophobic finish to test the hierarchical roughness principle
07 Regular vs hydrophobic - a significant reduction in the amount of spray generated
08 Water was still picked up by the top of the tread & this needed to be addressed
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Prototype Production
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01 Positives of three prototype treads were produced from ureal using the CNC router
02 The positives were used to make a silicon mould to vacuum cast the treads in a PU resin
03 Five sections of each tread pattern were needed to cover the circumference of the test wheels
04 The treads were secured one-by-one to the test wheels using a suitable contact adhesive
05 A silicone-based hydrophobic coating, NeverWet, was applied to each of the tyres
06 Each wheel was tested up to 15mph, both with and without the coating
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CAD & Further Development
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01 Testing showed that reducing the size of the protrusions reduced the spray
02 ANSYS helped analyse the effect of changes in tyre pressure on product performance
03 Changes in ride angle reduced both the grip on the road and the amount of spray generated
04 The small tread protrusions weren’t mechanically durable
05 A cone-shaped pattern would provide the strength required
06 As the tyre is compressed the contact area will increase
07 This 3D print gives an impression of the size of the tread
08 A SEM image of the hydrophobic coating applied
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Removing the need for mudguards when cycling in the wet
NO MOREMUDGUARDS
Why?Mudguards were developed to keep cyclists clean and dry, a job the wheel couldn’t do alone. They’ve been redesigned, remodelled and repositioned but the wheel remains the real problem.
What?A bicycle tyre that combines a bespoke tread pattern with a hydrophobic coating to repel up to 99.5% of water from the tyre in test conditions whilst maintaining sufficient grip with the road.
Hydrophobic coating to repel water
Exposed contact region to grip the road
The tread pattern is composed of thousands of cone-shaped protrusions that aim to protect the nano-roughness exhibited by a super-hydrophobic coating. The tyre is produced from a standard rubber compound currently used within existing bicycle tyres. It will contain a rubber content of between 40-60%, featuring a combination of natural and synthetic materials. The tread pattern can be manufactured using existing vulcanisation techniques as the hydrophobic coating is applied afterwards.
Final Delivery
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Product Performance 99%
Region of RiskThis is the region where a rider is at risk of getting wet. Here the water has traveled far enough around the wheel to allow it to fly in the direction of a rider.
Regular Bicycle Tyre
No More Mudguards
The prototype was tested on a specially designed rig to simulate the action of a wheel rolling along the road. The rig was driven by two motors and the speed could be controlled to ±0.5mph. The test wheels were 300mm in diameter, half the size of wheel found on a regular adult bicycle. As a result, a speed of 15mph on a small tyre was equivalent
to 30mph on a regular tyre. The spray was measured using a piece of grey material positioned in an arc over the test rig, which darkened when struck by water. The images below show that ‘No More Mudguards’ reduced the amount of spray generated by up to 99.5% in regions where the rider is at risk of getting wet.
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Celsuis Personal Thermostat
®
concept for...
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Brand Repositioning
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+ + =
The mind is what Intel already has; the processing and cloud based services that are required to make IoT a success. Through integrating the technology they know best, they will be able to create better, faster products that won’t disappoint the user.
Mind
This is the tangible interface of Intel’s devices. It is essential for people to interact with their products, and for those products to communicate with them. Intel will improve how technology talks to users, seeking alternative methods of primary interaction.
Body
The heart gives Intel a new understanding of emotion and empathy, two elements not previously present in their products. They are two vital components for IoT products, helping users to form meaningful relationships with their devices.
Heart
To drive Internet of Things Intel need to grow a heart and a body
For over 40 years, Intel have been the brain behind our technological world. Through the development of their products, they have empowered the masses to do more with technology and embrace it within their daily lives.
The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) creates a unique opportunity for Intel to lead the way through the engagement of consumer needs.
The repositioning identifies a potential direction for the company in a society of living services. If Intel wish to truly connect with their customers they must adopt a new, product-based design strategy. By reaching out to the hearts of consumers, they encourage meaningful relationships, stimulating seamless interactions between people and products.
“Inside and out, Intel is the trusted companion that leads us to live more fulfilled lives.”
®
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®Celcius
ContextThe number of people living in urban areas is constantly on the rise. We live busy lives and spend little time at home. Our house becomes simply a bed to sleep in and an address to write to. As we constantly move between places we have less control over the environments we find ourselves in. In order to be comfortable, we must adapt our personal space to fit our individual needs.
ProductAs our lives become increasingly mobile, we need products that help us adapt to our surroundings. Celsius is a concept that allows you to control and regulate your personal environment. It can help keep you warm on a frosty walk to work or cool on a busy train. Over time the device learns what you like and dislike, automatically adjusting your body temperature to suit your needs.
James Long
10
® Celcius
ContextThe number of people living in urban areas is constantly on the rise. We live busy lives and spend little time at home. Our house becomes simply a bed to sleep in and an address to write to. As we constantly move between places we have less control over the environments we find ourselves in. In order to be comfortable, we must adapt our personal space to fit our individual needs.
ProductAs our lives become increasingly mobile, we need products that help us adapt to our surroundings. Celsius is a concept that allows you to control and regulate your personal environment. It can help keep you warm on a frosty walk to work or cool on a busy train. Over time the device learns what you like and dislike, automatically adjusting your body temperature to suit your needs.
James Long
9
Product
ContextThe number of people living in urban areas is constantly on the rise. We live busy lives and spend little time at home. Our house becomes simply a bed to sleep in and an address to write to. As we constantly move between places we have less control over the environments we find ourselves in. In order to be comfortable, we must adapt our personal space to meet our individual needs.
As our lives become increasingly mobile, we need products that help us adapt to our surroundings. Celsius is a concept that allows you to control and regulate your personal environment. It can help keep you warm on a frosty walk to work or cool on a busy train. Over time the device learns what you like and dislike, automatically adjusting your body temperature to suit your needs.
“Thermal comfort describes a person’s state of mind in terms of whether they feel too hot or too cold.”
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01 Air temperatures constantly vary throughout different regions & seasons
02 We often add or remove layers of clothings to adjust our thermal comfort
03 Existing products simulate natural cycles to improve personal wellbeing
04 The weather effects our perceptions of temperature
05 Additional light helps to stimulate brain activity
06 Hot drinks are hugged close to retain maximum heat
07 Cool drinks are held with fingertips to avoid contact
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Sketch Development
Research identified that consumption is the only example of temperature regulation in both hot & cold environments. Therefore, the project was focused on a drinking vessel that could personalise the temperature of your drink based on environmental and internal body conditions. It was decided that a taller, larger form would be better suited to on-the-go applications due to the increased product volume.
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3D Form Development
01 Foam models produced from initial sketches to explore the 3D forms
02 Further form development based on a review of the brand repositioning
03 Exploring potential points of interaction with the final bottle shape
04 Getting the Intel swoop right was very important for the visual identity
05 This jig was one of three used to cut the ring as accurately as possible
06 The internal release button was turned on the machine lathe
07 The swoop was produced from aluminium using a lathe & mill
08 Split line between the base and lid of the bottle
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Scenario of use
This board was created to show how a user’s relationship with the product can change overtime. Through small temperature changes, Celsius is able to learn your preferences in different scenarios until it can provide the perfect drink every time. This stage of the design process also included the exploration of potential interactions. As part of our repositioning we intended to move away from screen based technology and create multi sensory interactions through subtle feedback such as haptics and adaptive visual stimuli.
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Final Delivery
Intel Swoop
Rapid Heating & Cooling
Hand Warmer
TemperatureTracking
The simple swoop is a modest piece of company branding to elegantly separate the base from the lid of the product. The angled lip offers easy drinking as the user doesn’t have to tip their head.
As a user picks up the product, Celsius measures environmental conditions & body temperature to provide a suitable drink instantly via rapid heating or cooling.
Each time the user takes a drink, their body temperature is recorded & the data is represented by this line. It allows users to understand how their body temperature varies daily.
Celsius can channel heat from the liquid heating system to warm the base of the bottle for use in cold environments.
The aesthetic model was produced in the Brunel workshops, requiring a range of processes including 3D printing and lathe work. The number of split lines has been reduced where possible to create a natural form and a friendly character to encourage a meaningful relationship between the product and its owner.
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Home Utilising Green Energy
in collaboration with...
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Project Brief
“We live very busy lives & spend little time at home during the day. We invested in solar panels but are unable to make the most of the green energy available whilst at work & school.”
The graph above displays the output from a standard set of solar panels. The peaked data shows the maximum power output is at midday when the home owner is unable to make use of energy available. As a result, machine cycles must be run in the evenings and draw energy from the grid as the solar panels are no longer producing sufficient power.
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Market Trends
USA
277%
Brazil
227%
China
768%11%
BP WORLD ENERGY PREDICTIONS: 2035
% Growth in Renewables% Growth of Demand
Europe
177%23%
MICRO GENERATION ADOPTION MODEL
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“By 2035, our global energy consumption is set to rise by 41%”
Feed-in-Tariffs - Able to earn up to 14.90p/kW for a <4kW system.
Free Solar PV Offers - Gives users the option of renting their roof to an energy provider. The investor pays both for the installation & management of the panels, the user gets either free or reduced energy.
Green Deal - Government backed scheme that helps users make energy saving improvements to their home. A loan that is repaid over a period through the user’s energy bills.
Financial Incentives
As the global energy consumption rises, so does the demand for renewable solutions. As technology improves, micro generation systems are becoming increasingly efficient and more affordable for consumers. A significant detraction of such systems is their initial expense to purchase. Any attempt to speed up the recovery of this cost will only help to make the technology more attractive.
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Predicted Performance
918.3kWh
182kWh0.92kWh
189.5kWh1.92kWh
290kWh0.95kWh
307.6kWh
energy consumptionper cycle per year
Total Annual Usage
energy productionbased on a live case study
£650012 x 230W Panels
2100kWh Annual OutputFeed-in-Tariff: 15.44p per kWh
Theoritical savings over first year... £551
Actual savings over first year... £879How? • Maximised use of solar panels when possible
• Running machine cycles when at home during the day
2484kWh produced... double required to run above appliances
This case study is taken from a solar powered micro-generation system in Devizes, Wiltshire. The solar panels are located on a sloping, south facing garage roof. The home owner estimated that they would need a system that produced close to 3000kWh of power per year. They installed 12 panels each producing 230W to create a combined annual output of 2760kWh. Each panel has its own micro-inverter. This converts the direct current (DC) produced by the solar panels into alternating current (AC) which can be pumped back into the national grid.
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am pmmidday
Load your machine and select preferred setting
Select the best cycle time as recommended
Leave the house to go to work or school
When the time is right ‘Home’ will run your appliance cycle
When you return, the logo pulsates to tell you the cycle is done
Time to relax
How it works
AboutHome communicates with micro-generation systems and accesses online weather data to decide the most energy efficient time to switch on home appliances. It is able to remotely access your utilities to make the best use of the green energy available, saving you time and money.
Appliance Control - Manage your appliance cycles from a central hub.
Wi-Fi Connection - Accesses weather updates and decides when to run cycles.
History - See your usage and cycle history as your savings build over time.
Intelligent - Can re-schedule and delay cycles depending on weather conditions.
Key Features
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Due to confidentially reasons I am unable to share the majority of the work I was involved in whilst at PDD Group Ltd. However, here are a few samples to show the type of work I completed on a daily basis.
Work Samples from PDD
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James LongProduct Design BSc