JAL Water for Life BPlan

8/6/2019 JAL Water for Life BPlan

1/17

JAL - Water for Life!Water Solutions to change lives of millions

Jane Miller

Kyriakos Anastasopoulos

Himanshu Chandra

Priya Sharma

Parth Vora

Krishna Uppuluri

Devanik Saha


2/17

T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S

1.0 Executive Summary

Mission

Objectives

2.0 Team Member Profiles and Qualifications

Outline of team member backgrounds

3.0 Design Process

4.0 Background

5.0 Market Analysis Summary

Market DemographicsMarket Segmentation Strategy

6.0 JAL

Desalination

Distribution

Organizational Structure

7.0 Strategy and Implementation

8.0 Competitive Analysis

Tanker trucks

Government taps

Reverse Osmosis SystemsTata Swach Filter

9.0 Threats

Inability to pay

Community acceptance

10.0 Opportunities

Expansion

Community Municipality

Appendices

Appendix-A Financial PlanAppendix-B Research

Appendix-C Cost & Quotes

Appendix-D Technical DesignAppendix-E Technical Calculations

Many say that water is not justmade up of two hydrogen atomsand one oxygen atom but it hassomething magical in it thathas led to the existence ofhuman life on Earth.JAL IS HERE TO PROVIDE

THIS MAGIC IN ITS PUREST

FORM

Special Acknowledgements

Acara Challenge Managers

Raman Shrivastava

Sharath Mulamalla

Anilkumar Ramsesh

Team Mentors

Rajeevnath VVarun Gupta

Amy Sprague

Faculty

Linda Pulik

Karthikeyan S

Raed Elaydi

Acara Institute


3/17

1 JAL Water for Life

COMPANY OVERVIEW

JAL is a water purification and

distribution company that uses a single

basin solar still along with a basic UV

system to desalinate and purify 100,000

liters of water a day. The company looks

to address the issues of the supply of

unhygienic water to rural communities,

and affordability to the local consumer.By addressing these issues JAL will make

it feasible for even the most impoverished

to receive clean water. JAL has a two part

mission; to provide economical and

sustainable high quality drinking water

with a hassle free distribution system; and

in the long run, to unite and develop

communities using a predetermined

framework model to promote

community empowerment resulting in

a self sustainable community ecosystem.

JAL will achieve its mission through the

implementation of a three phase ten year

strategy over the course of which the

community will obtain full ownership of

the company resulting in the creation of a

community based enterprise.

PRODUCTS/SERVICES

JAL incorporates both products and

services into its business model. JALs

services include the purification and

delivery of water to both villagers and

local businesses, while JALs product is a

simple water dispensing unit created to

avoid sanitation issues in the exchange of

the water bottles. The unit will be given

to the customer at the beginning in

exchange for a subscription fee.

TARGET MARKET

Each JAL purification system will supply

water to roughly 2200 homes as well as

200 local businesses allowing in a daily

return of approximately INR 31,000

(USD 700). At first JAL's target area will

consist of local businesses and

households in and around the rural areas

of Vellore, (in Tamil Nadu). As the

company further establishes itself it will

then expand to other areas in India.

e best way to

derstand people islistening to them -

is is something we

ok to heart when we

arted JAL now lets

ten to what people

ve to say about us!

can see that this project

n bring substantial social

ange in the Indian rural

tor and it would give

gh competition to the

sting commercial

ppliers too. I would be

d to extend any kind of

p if required."

R. SATISH CHANDRA

A.S.

nt Secretary

nistry of Chemicals &

rtilizers

partment of Fertilizers

vernment of India

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


4/17


MISSION

JAL has a two part mission:

To provide economical and sustainable high

quality drinking water with a hassle free

distribution system.

To unite and develop communities using a

predetermined framework model focusing on the

promotion of community empowerment, resulting

in a self sustainable community ecosystem.

OBJECTIVES

Primary:

Water Purification, Community Development

Secondary:

Health, Community Empowerment,

Development of a Sustainable Framework

2. TEAM MEMBER

PROFILES

Team JAL is comprised of students from

the University of Illinois at Chicago, USA and the

Vellore Institute of Technology at Vellore, India,

studying various disciplines including business,

design, and engineering. Due to the diverse

expertise within the team, JAL has been able to

develop a dynamic and informed solution to the

current water crisis.

Name Qualifications Areas of Expertise

Jane MillerBackground in Industrial Design

UIC Chicago, USA.

Design Process & Human

Resource Management

Kyriakos Anastasopoulos

Bachelors in Finance

Minor in Entrepreneurship

UIC Chicago, USA.

Technical Design & Human

Resource Management

Himanshu Chandra

Bachelors in Electronics &

Communication Engineering

VIT University, Vellore, India.

Technical Design &

Strategic Management

Priya Sharma

Bachelors in Bio Medical

EngineeringVIT University, Vellore, India.

Technical Design & CommunityBehavioral Research

Parth Vora

Bachelors in Mechanical

Engineering


Thermodynamic Heat Exchange

Systems

Project Management

Krishna Uppuluri

Bachelors in Chemical

Engineering


Process Design and Chemical

Processes

Devanik Saha

Bachelors in Electronics &

Communication Engineering


Electrical Technology and

Marketing


5/17


3. DESIGN PROCESS

The challenges of working in a multi-

discipline multi-country partnership were overcome

through successful communication between team

members. By striving to understand differences in

culture and education practices as well as establishing

regular communication, we were able to work

together in an efficient and cohesive manner. A team

protocol was agreed upon in the beginning to establish

expectations and ensure that all team members

understood what their contribution would be. The VIT

students made multiple field visits and conveyed the

information they gathered through photos, videos, and

written descriptions in order to inform their teammates

in Chicago of the current conditions in Tamil Nadu.

Often, this information was also communicated

through video conferencing between the teammates.

By gaining a comprehensive perspective of the

problem existing in the area we were able to formulate

an effective solution.

4. BACKGROUND

Tamil Nadu is the seventh most populous state and the

fifth largest contributor to the GDP of India. Despite

its urbanization and economic success, many

individuals continue to live in poverty and are unable

to afford even the essentials such as fresh drinking

water. Many individuals in areas surrounding Vellore

suffer from diseases as a result of drinking water

contaminated by effluent dumped into streams and

waterways by local tanneries. Even everyday activities

such as washing clothes and tending to crops can

expose individuals to these harmful chemicals causing

rashes and infection. Another source of water in these

areas comes through taps provided by the government

which

distribute untreated ground water. However, this

water can be contaminated and contains a high salt

content. In addition, the taps only run for two hours

every alternate day and are often located a great

distance away from households therefore, making

the retrieval of water cumbersome and time

consuming. Businesses do exist which provide

drinking water to the villages through large tanker

trucks or carts. However, these vendors sell their

water at a price which is too costly for all to afford.

Therefore, for countless individuals, the only source

of drinking water available is the contaminated

ground water and untreated underground water.

Through field research, it was found that tanneries

will no longer be leaking effluents into the water

supply as a result of a government mandate which

prohibits tanneries from disposing of their waste in

waterways. However, the ground water remains

polluted with numerous chemicals. As a result, JAL

decided that the most reliable and feasible water

source to treat would be the underground water

which can be acquired through bore wells.


6/17


We believe that JALs strength lies

in being able to supply water to both

markets.

5. MARKET ANALYSIS

MARKET DEMOGRAPHICS

Tamil Nadu has a population of over 62 million, about

27.5% (17.05 million) of which is considered to be

living below the poverty line. In this segment, the

average household size is 4 people with an average

income of roughly INR 3,000 monthly or about INR

100 a day (2USD). 75 % of the population is literate

and many are skilled workers who earn a daily wage.

In this area, women are the main caretakers of the

household and normally carry the responsibility ofretrieving the familys water. As mentioned before

there are water sources for water in the area however

they are not a viable solution for the local villagers.

TARGET MARKET SEGMENTATION

For the purpose of the project, our

customers will be classified as eithercommercial or

Commercial will encompass

the local businesses in the area;whiledomestic will

refer to the rural households.Each JAL solar

desalination and purification system is capable of

supplying water to roughly 200 businesses as well

as 2200 homes.

In other words roughly 10% of our customers will

be in the commercial market. The company will sell

to rural households at INR 5 per 20 liter bottle,and

to local businesses at INR 10 per 20 liter bottle

while offering them a discount per container of INR

5 if they are willing to sponsor a

familys water.


7/17


"I am thoroughly

impressed! It

seems like this

technology is

affordable,

accessible and

realistic! I believethat this project

would be a

gigantic part of

the solution to the

water problem not

only in India but

around the world."

Mr. Bret CarrOutreach/Virtual

6. JAL

JAL is highly reliant on its core

technologies of a single basin

solar still and UV purification

system, as well as its highly

efficient delivery system.

CORE TECHNOLOGY

Desalination

The design of JALs

desalination system was

formulated through a great deal

of research on thermodynamic

and heat transfer theory, as well

as modeling existing systems.

The desalination system is made up of a level control

tank, solar still, storage tank, and a series of pumps.

The first component in the system is the level control

tank This tank serves two main functions, to control

the level and the surface temperature of the water

inside the still. In regard to size the tank is small

measuring 70 cm by 1m by 1m, and has a capacity of700 liters of water. The tank also serves the function

of acting as a sedimentation tank

for solid particles. Once the water leaves the

control tank, it is channeled into the solar still,

where the desalination process occurs. The still will

be able todesalinate roughly 100,000 liters of water

a day. It will utilize the use of a vacuum pump to

create a vacuum within the system making it

proportionately more efficient to the drop in

pressure. Unlike traditional solar stills, JALs

system uses the concept of flash distillation to

increase its efficiency. This concept works on the

basis that the boiling point of water drops at lower

pressures causing the water to flash into steam

instead of slowly evaporating. Another difference

from the traditional design is that, JALs solar still

also makes use of the latent heat within the system

through the use of a copper absorber which heats

the water by convection. Traditional solar stills are

only 30 to 40 percent efficient due to heat losses

from the escape of radiation from the solar still

either through the glass, the atmosphere, or the

water. Although it is not possible for our still to

have no heat losses we can expect a significant

increase in retention by making use of the latent

heat in the system. Through use of both these

methods we expect an overall efficiency of 70 to 80

(conservative).


8/17


Purification

The second part JALs system is the

purification component. This part is

nothing more than a readymade water

storage tank with a UV light.

Research has shown that UV light

inactivates bacteria (by altering its

DNA not allowing for reproduction),

and is one of the best ways of

purifying water. The way this works

is by running a short ultraviolet

wavelength through the clear water

hitting and eradicating the bacteria.

This process works for any kind of

bacteria and virus including deadly

bacteria such as Ecoli and Cholera.

Once the water is treated it is then

sent to a storage tank from where it

will be distributed.

(Research that was conducted is

credited and cited in the appendices).

DISTRIBUTION

JALs distribution system consists

of the utilization of local

entrepreneurs to provide delivery

services. At first JAL will employ 5

delivery people, each distributing to

about 500 houses and businesses.

Their work and vehicle expenses

will be compensated with INR 400

(USD 9) a day. JAL will have no

part in the maintenance or cost of

delivery vehicles, each delivery

person must provide their mode of

transportation independently.

Deliveries will be made in 20L

canisters. This is necessary since

most commercial customers

already. use these canisters and

have storage facilities designed

specifically for such containers.

Initially, the delivery person will

arrive at the desalination plant in

the morning to have the canistersfilled. Along the route, similar to

the milkman concept, each house

will leave their empty water

canisters outside their door in the

morning. When the delivery person

arrives, he/she will exchange the

full canisters for the empty one,

continuing along the route in this

manner until all houses have been

reached. The empty canisters will

then be filled the following

morning and the system will

continue in this manner. The In

order To differentiate our services

JAL will have both basic as well asa premium service models. Basic

referring to delivery of water once a

day at INR 5 and premium would

refer to getting water whenever the

customer wishes however at a

higher price. JAL will also give the

local businesses a type of coupon

providing a discount on their water

if they decide to sponsor a family

that cannot afford it. The businesses

would pay the INR 10 for the

family a day but will receive a

discount to INR 5 per 20L can on

their water.

ORGANIZATIONAL

STRUCTURE

Unlike other companies, JAL is

unique in that it is entirely owned

by the community. The reason for

this is to fulfill its main goal of

creating a community run

enterprise. JAL will be run by local

village entrepreneurs and its

revenues will go into a community

fund managed by the village

leaders, which will be used for

various projects within the

community. In essence the

community invests in its own

development. In addition JAL will

work with various NGOs to offer

services such as womens self help

groups as well as education and

health care.


9/17


JAL has solved our

problems, we had great

difficulty in procuring the

water otherwise. The water

we drank earlier was very

bad it was mostly salty, now

the water quality is

excellent.

MRS. PRIYA

Local Villager

Subscribed JALs water

Earlier we used to buy these

cans from outside at INR 30

per can, now we are getting

these cans from you at INR

15, this is very good. I used to

spend INR 150 daily, now I

am spending only INR 75.

MR. FIROZLocal Business Owner

(Commercial Customer)

7. STRATEGY AND

IMPLEMENTATION

JAL will achieve its goals through

the implementation of a three phase

system. Throughout phases one and

two it will focus on the desalination

and distribution of water while also

developing a community central

fund. In the last phase ownership

will be transferred to the community

and it is our hope that JAL willdevelop into a type of central bank

for the community working with the

revenues of the company.

PHASE 1

The first phase taking from one to

two years will be the initial testphase (Pilot phase) focusing on the

desalination and distribution of

water along with the creation of a

community fund. In this stage, we

will outline basic insights

concerning interaction with the

community and develop a

marketing framework focusing on

basic needs such as water, health,

and empowerment.

PHASE 2

Once JAL has established itself and

gained trust in the community, the

community fund will be further

developed and will start being used

for various community projects.

The second phase would

also consist of construction of a

self sufficient infrastructure for

providing water along with

beginning development of a

community center.Realizing that

the cost of this is somewhat higher

than the initial plan, we can

amortize it over a period of years.

At the end of this phase our goal is

that JAL will act as a communitybased municipality. This phase is

expected to take around 2 to 5

years.

PHASE 3

At this point our main goal iscommunity development. This

phase will include the community

fund evolving into a communal

economic system. A municipal

bond will be introduced. In

exchange for investment the bond

holder will get a specified return

down the line. The introduction

of this bond will allow the

community to gain additional

funds for community projects

therefore fostering community

development. This phase should

take five to ten years. The goal is

that at the end of this phase thecommunity will be completely

self sustained in regards to water

as well as economically.


10/17


8. COMPETITIVE ANALYSISJAL has four main competitors: the existing tanker

truck business, government municipal taps, reverse

osmosis systems, and point of use filtration devices

(swatch filter). JAL will create added value for the

consumer by outlining the drawbacks of these

methods of obtaining water.

TANKER DISTRIBUTORS

One of the main issues That JAL is trying to address is

the quality of water being supplied. Around Tamil

Nadu there are a number of water tankers that deliver

saline and unhygienic water to the community. These

tankers carry roughly 5,000 liters of water and

distribute it in villages upon the request of thePanchayat. They are usually used in a time of water

shortage however they also exist as a business

supplying water at INR 30 which is not easily

affordable to the local community. JAL looks to

address these issues by providing clean, desalinated

water at INR 5 per 20 liter can.

MUNICIPAL TAPS

The main source of water in this area is the

government taps. These taps only run for a couple

hours at a time. Many villagers travel a great

distance to reach these taps and wait in long lines to

receive water. It is possible that due to the long

lines one may not receive any water. In addition,

the water is saline groundwater and just like thetanker trucks is not treated, therefore also posing

additional problems for those who drink it. JALs

service model addresses these issues by

guaranteeing that the customer will receive clean,

fresh water as well as adding a convenience

component.


11/17


JALs strength is that its Core technology

requires no replacement parts and can

purify a larger volume of water solely

with the use of the Sun!

REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEMS

A system that is commonly used in the desalination of

water is an RO system. These by running unpurified

water through a type of filter membrane in order to

remove salt and other substances. These systems

however have two distinct drawbacks. Water

purification is dependent on the solute concentration

and pressure. This means that depending on these

parameters the output

can be more or less

than what is predicted.

A Reverse Osmosis

systems main drawback

however is the periodic replacement of the membrane

used to filter the water. As this is costly and makes it

undesirable on a major scale. JALs main strength over

this system is that its core technology requires no

replacement parts and can purify a larger volume of

water.

TATA SWACH FILTER

The TATA Swach is a new filter that has just been

introduced in the BOP market. It was first used in

the Tsunami relief efforts and is now being

marketed to the rest of the population. The Price for

the swatch is INR 999 (UDS 22). Tata is marketing

the product as costing INR 30 a month per family.

For this reason it can be considered a worthy

competitor to JAL.

However, just like

the Reverse Osmosis

system the swach

filter also has its

drawbacks. The filter works with a bulb-like water

purifier made up of rice husk ash and nanosilver

particles which need to be replaced approximately

after purifying 3000 liters of water. In addition,

even though the swach filter is able to purify water

unlike the solar still it is not able to desalinate it,

therefore not effectively addressing the main issue

seeing as how the underground water (the largest

source of water) is saline.


12/17


9. THREATS

Every new opportunity is accompanied by threats.

In our business model, which stands on the basis of

offering purified water at low cost, the foreseeable

threats are: inability of the villagers to pay,

government policies, and community acceptance.

INABILITY TO PAY

Since JAL is targeting the BOP market, we expect

there will be instances where people will not be

able to pay for water due to unforeseen

circumstances. To overcome this, JAL is proposing

the use of a sliding scale revenue model wherein if

one is not able to pay he can either pay more the

next day or provide some other service to the

community. As the project progresses into

succeeding phases this will become less of a

problem since the community fund is going to be

used to pay for the services.

COMMUNITY ACCEPTANCE

Through our research we have found that most

businesses in the BOP fail due to the fact that they

are not properly integrated into the community.

This is due either to the fact that they fail to meet

the demands of the people or fail to consider the

cultural perspective. JAL will overcome this by

working with the community in all parts of the

project as well as allowing the community to have

full ownership over it in the end.

DEPENDENCE ON FUEL PRICES FOR

DELIVERY

One of the biggest threats JAL has is that its

delivery system uses an auto rickshaw to distribute

the water. Although JAL has received confirmation

from its delivery workers that their daily prices

will not change, we believe that this might not be

entirely true do to shortage periods of fuel. This

not only will affect JALs distribution prices it will

also make it more difficult to supply the residents

with the water needed. One way we are looking to

address this issue is by having local entrepreneurs

using bicycles or other forms of transport to

distribute the water.

10. OPPORTUNITIES

EXPANSION

One opportunity that JAL has is to set up systems

in other local communities. This will most likely

be done within the second phase of the system

after the company has recovered the initial

investment and seen positive returns.

COMMUNITY MUNICIPALITY

In addition to expansion the company also has the

option of continuing to develop the existing

community infrastructure, just like expansion this

would happen once the initial investment is

recovered. One option that we have is instead of

delivering the water we can set up an infrastructure

to get the water to the villagers homes or at least

nearer than the existing municipal taps. This will

eliminate the need for delivery, cutting our costs

proportionately. In this scenario the community

will pay a general average rather than each

individual.


13/17


APPENDIX A: FINANCIAL PLAN

The following plan outlines the financial development of JAL. The business will be initially

financed by a little over INR 15,238,680 (USD 344,000) investment, and will recover this amount

within 20 month (1.8 year) of operation.

IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS

The financial projections for JAL are based on the following assumptions. These assumptions

are thought to be quite conservative, as are the financial forecasts. As seen below, our Daily Operating

costs are INR 3,500 based on the use of 5 service workers and INR 1,000 Daily for energy. Our sales

are INR 31,000 giving us a daily profit of INR 27,500.

Total Investment Cost

Solar still In INR

Bore well450,000

Land6,000,000

Solar still (raw Materials) 5,556,000.tax rate 12.5% 695,000

Transportation costs 1,000,000

Labor 522,680

Government Registration 200,000

Miscellaneous 500,000

Total Cost of Solar Still14,923,680.00

bottles (at 1.5X) 315,000

Total initial investment15,238,680.00

In addition INR 6,000 fee will be taken out

monthly for the cost of the two staff workers.

Total Operating Cost per DayExpenditures In INR

Utilities 1,000

Delivery services 2,000

Miscellaneous 500

Total Operating costs 3,500

Sales Assumptions (Daily)

Customers # of Customers Bottles/Customer Price/Bottle Sales

Commercial 200 10 INR 10 INR20,000

Residential 2,200 1 INR 5 INR11,000

Total 2,400 4,200 - INR 31,000


14/17


BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS

Our initial investment of INR 15,238,680. (USD 280K) will be recovered over the span of 20

months or 1.8 years. The break-even analysis is based on the initial assumptions above.

YEARLY CASH FLOWS

The cash flows projections of JAL for its first three years in operation are recorded in the table

below. These Cash flows are based on the Initial sales and cost assumptions above. As can be seen at the end

of the third year, (considering the initial investment of INR 15,238,680, JAL receives a return of

approximately INR 12,265,320 (USD 277,000) or a 80% return.

3 Year Cash Flow (In INR) Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

CASH RECEIPTS

Cash sales (households) 2200 @ 1 can @ INR5 3,696,000 3,696,000 INR 3,696,000

cash sales (businesses) 200 @ 10 cans @

Rs10

6,720,000 6,720,000 6,720,000

TOTAL CASH RECEIPTS 10,416,000 13,776,000 13,776,000

CASH PAID OUT in Rs

Delivery services (5) 672,000 672,000 672,000

staff fee (2 ) 72,000 72,000 72,000

Utilities 372,000 372,000 372,000

Other expenses (supplies) 168,000 168,000 168,000

TOTAL CASH PAID OUT 1,248,000 1,248,000 1,248,000

Cash Position (end of Year) Rs 9,168,000 9,168,000 9,168,000

Cash on hand 9,168,000 18,336,000 27,504,000

Overall position in INR ( initially -15,238,680)-6,070,680

(USD -137,113)

3,097,320

(USD 69,956)

12,265,320

(USD 277,025)


15/17


RISK AND RETURN

Our only risk in the venture is our initial investment of INR 15,238,680.00 (USD 280,000). Our business

model states that INR 15,238,680 will be needed in setting up the solar still. In comparison to the initial

investment return over the first two years will be roughly ten million rupees thus recovering the initial

investment in a little less than two years.

SCENARIOS

The following are the best, normal, and worse case scenarios for JALs operating yearly operating profit.

They are based on whether or not the businesses will choose the sponsor option to receive their water at

INR 5 . The first scenario assumes all businesses are willing to utilize the sponsorship, the second that half

are willing and the third that none are willing.

3 Year Cash Flow best normal Worst

CASH RECEIPTS in Rs

cash sales (households) 2200

@ 1 can @ Rs5

3,696,000 3,696,000 3,696,000

cash sales (businesses) 200 @

10 cans @ Rs10

6,720,000 5,040,000 3,360,000

TOTAL CASH RECEIPTS 10,416,000 8,736,000 7,056,000

CASH PAID OUT in Rs

Delivery services (5) 672,000 672,001 672,002

Purchases (supplies &

miscellaneous)

1,344,001 1,344,001 1,344,001

staff fee (2 ) 72,000 72,000 72,000

Utilities 372,000 372,000 372,000

Other expenses (supplies) 168,000 168,000 168,000

TOTAL CASH PAID OUT 1,284,000 1,284,000 1,284,000

Cash Position (end of Year)

Rs

9,132,000 7,452,000 5,772,000

APPENDIX- B: RESEARCH

1. Lockheed Martin Conceptual design of a 50MGD Desalination plant, Stewart L Udall2. Large Scale Desalting A Study in the Engineering Economics of Regional Development, Paul W.

MacAvoy, 1969 Praeger Publishers

3. Solar Distillation, M A S Malik, 1982 Pergamon Presshttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humi

dification.htm

4. http://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htm
http://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htmhttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htmhttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htmhttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htmhttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htmhttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htmhttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htmhttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htmhttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htmhttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htmhttp://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humidification.htm


16/17


APPENDIX-C: COST & QUOTES

cription Quantity Unit Rate INR Amount INR Amount $ Quote Given By

dymade

pper

orber

16 800

Square

Meter 1,250.00 1,000,000.00 22,586.11

Mr. Dhana Vel, Solar Absorber

Manufacturers [email protected]

d 1000

Square

Meter 6,000.00 6,000,000.00 135,516.66

Local Enquiry at Ranipet, Tamil Nadu,

INDIA

mp 3hp 3 nos 27,459.81 82,379.43 1,860.63

http://www.swimmingpoolquotes.in/pool-

prices.html

in Drain

"X18") 2 nos 4,258.55 8,517.10 192.37

ustable 2"

or Inlet 20 nos 782.46 15,649.20 353.45

uum Point 4 nos 453.60 1,814.40 40.98

erflow

ting 360

Running

Foot 292.50 105,300.00 2,378.32

Vacuum

ad 24"1 nos 11,192.39 11,192.39 252.79

uum Hose

mm-12m 4 nos 3,399.10 13,596.40 307.09

ncrete cost

wall 756

Square

Foot 50.00 37,800.00 853.75

RDC Concrete Chennai, Plot No. 2 / 129, S.

No. 55 / 4d1 Avdi Road,

Senneerkuppam, Poonamallee Taluk,

Thiruvallur District, Chennai - 600 056

ming &

shing labor

wall 756

Square

Foot 30.00 22,680.00 512.25

nforcement

t 756

Square

Foot 20.00 15,120.00 341.50

vel Cost 756

Square

Foot 10.00 7,560.00 170.75

uum Pump 1 nos 200,000.00 200,000.00 4,517.22

Garuda Pumps, BMD BUSINESS CENTER,

2nd Floor, 39, Thirumalai Pillai Road, T.

Nagar, Chennai - 600 017.

ss Dome 7650

Square

Foot 500.00 3,825,000.00 86,391.87

Saint-Gobain Glass India, Parkway

Apartment, First Floor-MC, 600 008 -

Egmore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu INDIA

cellaneous

ng & Labor 1 nos 500,000.00 500,000.00 11,293.05

e Well 1 nos 450,000.00 450,000.00 10,163.75

AQUA Equipments,

No.48,E.C.R.Road,Thiruvanmiyur, Chennai,

Tamil Nadu, INDIA

C Pipes and

ngs 50mm 300 meters 30.00 9,000.00 203.27

nless Steel

es 250 meters 70.00 17,500.00 395.26

ctrical

plies 1 nos 25,000.00 25,000.00 564.65

Finolex Cables Ltd

Pioneer Sudarshan Plaza, 3rd floor,

No.9 Mohan Kumaramangalam Road,

Off Nungambakkam High Road,

Chennai - 600 034

Tamilnadu

ter Cans

ribution 6300 nos 50.00 315,000.00 7,114.62

City Pet Bottles

Address: No. 11, Opposite To R C

Appartments, Kamarajar Salai,

Kodungaiyur, Chennai - 600 118, India

ut Buffer

k 1 nos 25,000.00 25,000.00 564.65

SINTEX INDUSTRIES LIMITEDPlastic Division

KALOL (N. GUJARAT) 382 721. INDIA

Phone: 253500, Fax: (02764) 253800

Email: [email protected]

el Control

k 1 nos 5,000.00 5,000.00 112.93
http://www.swimmingpoolquotes.in/pool-prices.htmlhttp://www.swimmingpoolquotes.in/pool-prices.htmlhttp://www.swimmingpoolquotes.in/pool-prices.htmlhttp://www.swimmingpoolquotes.in/pool-prices.htmlhttp://www.swimmingpoolquotes.in/pool-prices.html


17/17

APPENDIX- D: TECHNICAL DESIGN

APPENDIX-E: TECHNICAL CALCULATION

Output of Large Scale Solar Desalination Plant

Consider the desalination plant described above of dimensions 40M by 22M.

Area solar absorber l*b = 0.022 x 0.040 = 0.00088 km2

In Chennai average annualized insulation is 5.32 kwh/m2/day

Assuming 80% transmittance through glass and 90% efficiency solar absorber

Total solar energy absorbed

= 0.8 x 0.9 x 0.000706858 x 106

x 5320 x 60 x 60= 12.1344 x 10

09joules/day

Energy required to heat 1 gram water from ambient temperature to 50 C and to evaporate

= 30 + 540 calories

= 570 x 4.2 joules

= 2,400 joules

But if there is a gained output ratio of 20Actual amount of energy consumed per gram water desalinated is 120 joules

Thus mass of water desalinated is= (12.1344 x 1009

)/120 grams/day

= 1,01,121 liters/day

tput

rage Tank 1 nos 100,000.00 100,000.00 2,258.61

Treatment

tem 1 nos 50,000.00 50,000.00 1,129.31

www.chemtronicsindia.com, |28, satyam

Industrial Estate, Subhash Road,

Jogeshwari (East). Mumbai 400 060

vernment

gistration 1 200,000.00 200,000.00 4,517.22

TALS 13,043,108.92 294,593.09

Documents

JAL Water for Life BPlan