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Jae K. (Jim) Park, ProfessorDept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Cayman Islands Golf Course Design Concepts for Sus-tainability

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Key Design Concepts for Sustainability

Use of Scrap Tires

Sustainable Storm Water Man-agement

Eco-friendly land-scaping and course

management

Prevention of Water Pol-lution

One Million Tires in a Golf CourseGuinness World Record

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Advantages of Using Scrap Tires

Savings in scrap tire disposal cost

Substitution of aggregate and sand

Substitution of soils for embankment

Significant savings in compaction costs when compared with the costs of compacting soil

Filtering of pollutants such as pesticides and fer-tilizers

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Advantages of Using Scrap Tires

Faster drainageSustainability

Pest repellant

Insulation

Clean water

Fertilizer & pesti-cides removal

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Use of Scrap Tires – Tire Chips (1)

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Berm Surrounding a Man-Made Lake in Putrajaya, Malaysia

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Use of Scrap Tires – Tire Chips (2)

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Use of Scrap Tires – Ground Tires

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Storm Water Management (1)

Collection of Rain Water throughout the Golf Course

Engineered wetlands packed with tire chips

Irrigation

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Storm Water Management (2)

Buffer Strip

Rain Gar-den

Underground Filter Zone

Removal of fertil-izers, pesticides,

solids, heavy metals, organics, etc. by tire chips

Tirechips

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Sustainability

Irrigation with Collected Rain

Water

Water Qual-ity Im-

provement

Eco-Friendly Environ-

ment

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Fairway Construction with Crumb Rubber (1)

Sand used in USGA green construction: 30

mesh

Crumb rubber: 10/20 mesh•¼ inch per application•2 weeks after another ¼ inch

Rule of Thumb: •¼ of mowing height•Bermuda grass: 1/8 to ¼ inch every 2~3 weeks

US EPA has tested an approved the use of crumb rubber in syn-thetic turf.

There should be no concern when applied to natural grass.http://www.sportsturfonline.com/ME2/dirmod.asp?sid=&nm=&type=Publishing&mod=Publications%3A%3AArticle&mid=8F3A7027421841978F18BE895F87F791&tier=4&id=9731BD5194C34A1B90DB55D4B0598259

Surface Application

Tire-derived aggregates• 4~6 inch thick layer

Below Surface Applica-tion

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Fairway Construction with Crumb Rubber (2)Soil Conditioner

Improved aeration of soil

Optimum drainageHigher root densityIncreased growing sea-

son due to insulation

Top dressingReduced compactionProtection for the crown

of grassImproved wear toleranceImproved surface stabil-

ityCushioning from long

term wearQuicker more effective

grass recoveryMore playing days

‘We find using crumb rubber on and in playing surfaces improves grass growth, gives excellent drainage and increases the wear resistance of natural turf playing surfaces.‘ Jack Dixon, Jack Dixon Servicehttp://www.crumbrubber.ie/our-products.html?page=shop.product_details&flypage=flypage.tpl&product_id=54&category_id=16

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ATM D-6270 Terminology for Recycled Waste Tire Par-ticles

Term Name Upper Limit, in (mm) Lower Limit, in (mm)

Chopped TireCut into relatively large pieces of unspecified dimen-

sions

Rough Shred 1.971.971.97 (505050) -1.971.971.97

(505050)

Tire Derived Aggregate (TDA) 12 (305) - 0.47 (12)

Tire Shreds 12 (305) - 1.97 (50)

Tire Chips 1.97 (50) - 0.47 (12)

Granulated Rubber 0.47 (12) - 0.017 (0.425)

Ground Rubber < 0.47 (< 12) - < 0.017 (0.425)

Powdered Rubber - - ≤ 0.017 (0.425)

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