Offprint from:

Vācaspatyam: Pt. Vamanshastri Bhagwat Felicitation Volume.

Eds. by Madhav M. Deshpande and Saroja Bhate. Poona:Vaidika Samśodana Maṇḍala, 1994, pp. 17–33.

Noriyuki KUDO

"Why *jñāyate svayam eva ghaṭaḥ is not Accepted ? — Karmakartari Construction Discussed by Navyavaiyākaraṇas"

Bom on 24由 January 1918, Guruji received his primary ed配a・tion in 出e Vc也shastra Vidy山ya of Sangali 副 Sarils同 Patha血la

in Icbalkaranji. He studied Vy~a Sbastra in Banaras 組d in Ptme. His t~chers wcre leamed Pandits like Pandit. Lakshmanasbastri Joshi

Murgudkar, Gancshshastri Mokate, Hcbbarshastri and Swami Kevalananda. Gur可 i passed Vyãkara !,aratna of Badoda, Vyãkara~aciidãma~j of Vedashastrottejaka Sabha, Pune, Vyãkar!，apãraβgata of Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapith, Pune and Kãり紹tirtha of Calcutta. Aftcr 田rving 回 a teacher in a high scb∞lin

Karad and Pune, Guruji joined the Balamukunda Sa血slq"ta

Mahavidyalaya, Pune 回 the Principal in 1947 and after 31 years ofhis se何回 he retired in 1978. Sin回出回G町可i is engaged in teaching and writing 以>oksmainly on S姐釦itgrammar.

百le prcsent volume is a very small amount of guruぬ付制 be・

10g pre舘nted to 4im by 回rite ofhis stud躄ts 00 the OCC8Sion ofhis 76th birthday. A 町iid略化ature of血is volume is 出8t most of 也e con凶bu­tors are non-Indians. This is si伊ificant in 50 fi紅白 it reflects his wide

fame reaching difTe印刷関口S of the world It s出kes a 回d note 由8t

studeots and scholars of India in general and M油arasb回 in partic叫ar

have not 邸 much benefined 企omhimas 由ewestem world

倫明帝・句6' '(..(.:長・;匂rtfr?;刊訂'Rën可貴司Why is"*j�yate ghala!a S1'ayam el1a"

not accepted? -Karmakartari Constructlons .

昔時右前ー村治匂守・句"..sら司

Discussed by Navyavaly五karanas)4*11引伺:羽~:

Norl抑IId K.udo ~，司刊刊司王

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O. Pata勾a1i，泊 hisMø.締助物唱 ad P.3.1.87, m伺:tiωsa Co町­fold classifiωtionoC也，eml鋪凶ngsofve伽11∞tsl ,namely, 1) 加mωthalcrlya: [a ve:ぬal root] who鴎 acti佃 is observable 泊也eobject, 2) karmasthab，縮問ka: [a ve伽1 root] who鈍 actionresi伽 in御利ect，

3) 加すs伽krJ戸ka: [a 糊bal 1'OOt] who鈍 action is 0切rvable inω agl姐丸

4)加すs伽b版Va/rQ: [8 yer凶1'OOt] who:鈍 action IeSides 泊也，eagent.

T凶 cl飽sifiω，tion is 泊位。duc叫包 ord釘 to prevent some ver凶 mω倉omforming a karmakartarl c側館山首on. Tho鈎 V町bal 1'OOtswhich are not allow凶 ω 伽m 也，e karmakartarl ωnstn凶on'are kartr3thab1戸ka

and kortr3thab，熔ν'Ø/aI

The formation kIl1明akarlarl， 鉛-calledreß鉱ivec∞stnIctiOD， is

そ1111qCf11

ぎ7. 司匂可治問命

説明治司T 有台

MBh凶 P.3.187þ 見“， 15広 1羽10m訓fioati佃勉叫，y8:民間四担問加伽 ofk均置戸凪[Vt.3佃 3.1.81] Jn.KaJikiiVf111佃 P.3.1.87，∞ P.3.1 .87，倒聞編叫gwhich summ剖m他。凶s組側∞ 11 qUOCed : kø明ω幼a[a μCIII， 幼品吋加m側焔伺blúd~ krl.戸~ mir~剥揃叫加tPtIUZ!a~同協ωgam.krlyiJ. 仏 p. 19勾

Pata司副叫aogi糊 another Olassift，制倒。r the m銅山p of wrbal I'OOU. MBh“ f.3 .3.18, D, 1斜2仏21: 劫訓"骨働側勾吋制舛励.i1II戸曲吻4M州均ω跡尋問剖明~.

The仙也s畑of'krl'戸凶吻伽'個個別f伽ambiguoua fII蜘旭 P阿国m2.

割合代W

00

0U

サ ':;f ;.J l.~;~ :1

Jnscri恥d by P.3.1.873 • ln ωoft-cited example 'μ'cyata 0ぬna~svlmz eva'frice is m object ofthe act of∞oking. However, nc

オ:お認j之:t出品t話:己1な叩zt:ぷぽgコおおニ斗Lニ;出立?恕22:Z出立:忍以ユニ以;ご詑tt:三認泣沼;￡r忠;ご出aて:U3お3 bj~;川川no削似Iω削。ωザtドい山Iい円"悶 i臼SC∞。∞o依~ωωcd by it附刷ω協削s鰐則elf." As D仙抑仰n凶d必c叫(lω98邸5， p.l問5勾)s蜘ta蹴叫 "川'冗晴t由hr刈d如.fle飢xivc c∞o郎加ctionsmintransitive active voice(MMari)comme-

tiþns, wi也 passive-like verb mo叩hology・"Navyavaiy:蜘~as， namely Bha例i Di~ita， Ka四~Bhanaand

帯主aBba似 also discbss 由。 condition for deriving 曲ekamωkartari~r3~:b;;;:;~ふ…n凶t附

1加alバ'Î c∞o叩)ns蜘truc民ctio∞n in ωme cas民cs. Especially 也，ey argue about die sequence ,,sjRayateghata!zsvaJFamedwhichisundesired-

1山l比1. P.3幻1.8紙7於. "阿μ伽伽ωrm宵湘naωd 初伽m仰仰ω'at 帥伽的fyl刈刈F栂叫，ah'ゆ争グ"me伺悶a卸鵬Iw怖bos舵e8似cti伽01叩ni旬S5剖im加il加a釘rtωot白ha剖toぱfano州b吋~e倒ct i泊st悦rea瓜te“da凶stωhke，o拘州h防jeωct. (1噌也Icret批h恥1悶，c word 'k知a削rげ，tã' iぬs continucd from P.3. 1.6ω依8: "初rげ.ぜt01例i $aP' with 血ωe

ふ伽an略幣g伊e 。ぱfc侃a蹴鈴勺 Tradi伽18凶副lly it i抱s int飢蹴t旬crpre抗teda邸s お制制11側s配:

I When 8 speakcr intc附 to exprc鈎 an' extreme faciliザ of an

dhjcctin anacumin 出，05i仰い a仰e sentence， ωs origi叫 0切削 is~egardedωan agcnt, beca邸 it is independe凶也 its role. Tbe民 sincethe similarity between the action of the original object and 由at of 也eüeW8吋瓜 is conceived and 也，eagency is assi伊dω版 original object, ihe o均inal agω伽P戸邸恥ca'蹴 it is not附nded.加hisc蹴，也e

study.kaiyata says[Pradfpa on MBh ad P3.137.III-p.1181: 伊帥ifJond抑制hanasãdh戸 dhãtvartho bhãvCÚJ・ saparisptmdanasiidhcma­SI.劫l)1ãtu kriyã. σhis is al鈎 found in 也e ∞皿men也ry ∞ VP. nI~ 7.66, p. 281; Nv�a and Padamoñjarï ∞ P.3.1 .87， II, 474. For 也.eau也orof 也，ec咽meQ;・1ゐωVPin曲川叫抑制e叫悶隣町S明白 a削em叫fica伽

IZfぬおZPゐ:;;;ぷヰ;31;121232dZ2zzz1IvtlLaras酬anas，酬\yaiti bhã叫 h也.econ'側 of帥戸per，幽 dis出.ctiondLS 削向也c main rolc. 百e 回附ant prob岡 is how to clω均也everbal roots 血，to 初期回'tlaa・ and /cartrstha-. Thus 1 ぬall not 80 into '/criy�-bh縋a' issue.

'3. Ano也町ザpe of也e reflexive ∞nstnlcti∞ is "pr蹴ri1x姐 by P.1.3.67: 1Jer，叩側

nω cet sa 加すゐ&劫沖le. As ~ぽ也is ∞回，truction， s脚舗也卸.e 8J凶tiωcl伺r認ヰみa肉 a帆，ppen叩dω此仙凶仙ωtω。帥附 加And 也伽，e a'帥u叫山山叫血蜘削叫叩倒副ωti恥州i記c芯出:お沼誌f;t3忠立:訟4勾:おLU1詰品ム2誌Zゴ芯2ぷ泊忠斗認苫ニ IKã説耐正釘i跡F材州F河附T制ti 叩 P.1.3.8幻7， 1, p.lω95. It初ぜ抑g耐ぜ什Ja，伊Pσ:3.1.6的8町)" ;“'ti 初吋熔'rgrah勾mi劫hibゐ'肌守何仰"'仰F“励hamayã viparil)amyalι

4.

書君、A々 Kudo: Why j�yate gha!a~ svayam eva is not acceptcd... 109

l-cnding whicb is introduced after the verbal root expresses 出，e agent. By P.3. 1.87，出is new agent is 町eated as the object with re叩ect to 也e

grammatiω1 operations. Hence the operations which are applied to 也c抑制ve construction become appliωble. By P. 1.3.1 3，出e ã，ωωnepl“お

ending is used and the pa回ivc vikaral}tl yaK is inserted by P.3.1.67.

1.2. The karmakartarl construction is impossiblc w山路也，e original

object is regarded as tl� agent. The assi伊mcntof agencyω 也，e original object is based on ~e simil~ty of two actions (one is of 血，e original object and the other is of the new agent which is originally the object)5. When karmakartari is formed, it is probable 伽t 出.e verbal root in

question denotes the action which is only related to the original object since the ex位'cme facility of original 0切ect is intended. Even 血，ough

one and 出e 回mc verbal rl∞t isωed bo血 in 曲c simple active construc・tion and the kannakartari construction，血e denotation of 白at verbal root does not seem to remain the 鎚，me6• (I-:lere it is assumed 由at the karm�artari construction corresponds to the simple active7.) lf it isω suppo鈍d， na何rally questions 副総: Are two actions as stated a加，vecompletely same and what is 血.e denotation of the verbal root in 曲e

kllrmakllrtllri construction?

Kaiya!a comments on independency [1切dipa 00 MBh. and 3. 1.87, III, p.119]:

pacyate odana~ svayam eveti viklittim縟rav緜i pacis talra CQU，ぬm抑制抑制 eva.

"In case of ''pacyaω odana争 svayam eva" pac・ denotes 印刷

of becoming 50食 alone and, here, riωbecomes 白e agent [of 出8t ac・

tion]."

5. Deshpande (1985. p. 11) 岨ys 血at"也.e refl偲ivem伺副ngis" obta担ω"s凶，ply也rough 也e 出et町ical attributi∞ of agency to odQ1lQ (rice) which 関m釦ticallyretains 白血血e patient-like relation to 也，e acti∞ (konn勾ii tulyokrlya{a)." If the original 0吋ectre凶m 也e 姐me relati佃悩P to 也，e acti~ it is 批ely 也at也.cver凶 r∞It in the 初附加す'aridenot白血e acti侃 of曲:e origiDal。可制 butnot 曲atof也eωiginala8ent.

cf. VP. m, 7.57: tゐi dlaiitvantt/TI肴Iy el'Q pacisi級ryotivDJl vidufa. blaede 'pi tulyariipatviid e，蜘'apørikalpan4

cf.lo也i (1982) p. 201，伽It note S. on 也e word 'tulyakrlya', Pa組司副i 錨~ [゚; 66，s.-η: ntl 'ul戸制!Yøgra/r勾enasamiina制附'om ablri!lll1flbad伽te.yaamln I<<ø明勾伽悦"'i1te 'pl tlldv�kriy� 'Dﾐ'ate yathã 加明勾1 sa 知明勾ã tul'邦制州知帰加mavod blunぽ'1. S偲凶ωNyãsaandP凶am絹jari on P .3.1 .87, n, pp.437，・8.

6.

7.

111

鈍quenω 勺絢栂le ghala/) svayam eva"， 也.ough 血.eir reaωnings are difJerent.

2.1 AI∞ord泊g to Bhaω~i oo.ita, a vi釘bal root 伽notes bo白血activity ('ηiipãra) and its resu1t (phaJa) but se戸ratelyll. Verbal endings 祖必ωte也.e relations of two meanings to 也.eir substra胞 r叫lectively. He says in his Va~戸如何lQ1tJQIonmaßana [J愉焔 3J:

phaJav.戸耐øyostatra phale ta1Í~卯lccilポidaya~/

W匂吾fresap，初m泌d戸~lu dyotayanly滋m持m旬。m//

"Among 也.e activity and 也e result，似N，_ yaK,_ Ci1f etc. 泊diω.te血.e relation of 曲.e result to its 州国tum and sãP， ふaM eω. 凶ω.te血.e relation of血.e activity to its subs国民un."

However，也e karn昭防御t ∞nstruction is an exception to 也isgeneral 叫e (utsargo'JNl1!' 加ma~制抑制側、'Ipa明yiit. 。ι4ab.])

If we follow 也egener叫ru1e，白，e verbal ending -laNρ -Ie

Kudo: Wby j�yale ghala!-.Jvayam eva is not ac:ccpted.. ,

, .

11. Yøi'煽伽勾amøtonmø.Danø k. 2 : phaJavyi.片柳・ d1aiJur 砂'aye tu tli崎ph削除 priM劫iÎllØI[I η岨FtU tlÍlQlぜ'htU 削減勾句uzm. By the dual u則祖 "Dha!卸吻b勾柳川， it is 也.OWD 伽t Bha'例i 創出 of tw.。

Bhalla follows him. N�geAa oppo純白 ttumiitpluzle ca d1aiilf1niÎlfl lakt/~. [VSLM,

PL:民 p.:cordingω lCaUI}φBhana，ーη命iira: 邸側.ty' 泊。脚 ofa v宿泊1 root

pac.・ is defined 四 "philtlciiratviù劫afutlllt，や'Q1Iøtvø・3叫'natviidltllltadrilp勾a~" [VBhS佃k. 2, p. 13]. And Nãgl蜘 Bhana 鈍戸: tatra phaliinllki1laJ.a

aømilhagha!aka~ phfltkaratvãdha~aa'!'tapana­v匂吋[VSLM， p. 553]. 'vy縣iira' is 也at of 也e

of which an actiOll i Diksita. "η唱片"a' is c佃瓜der凶腿 asyn∞Iymof也eW1句ds like

y', 'lIlpiidQ1lii: 耐担6喝血，tobe泊Ig' and 'krlyii: action'. word phala is u則包two sen鍋.one is 'something aimωby 印刷'。血a旬、 result [directly] pr凶ucωbyanac制ty[ぽ邸tiviti伺1].' 百ssense is summar包剖泊 VP.IIL 12. 18: V4J帰ぜ'haaya prlUldJ.品l)IQ11ham

F勾相')Q1Iam.isa 協加i伺1 sense 泊也，e ter盟国1句JY of 1at町 grammariana (8卸価 VBhS佃 k. 2, p. 10). It鱒個鳥 f切偲細ple，喝偶咽i喝 80ft"凪 caseofJHl&-. is a reIation like

twodenl仰姐制。i(a verbal root and 也is relati叩 (8I11fUarga) i8品川W四d ' Q1Iuk1l1�: conducive to' 恒也S 岨a1ysis of 也，e v宿泊1 c句pliti，佃

a). (of. PLM, p. 87: anukillatvQ明 ca phalanl"hajanyat罸組id bv Nã耐a: tatra Dhaliinuk制。列飢tUaJdto

/carmam縟re

鈍y8: [Uddyota, llI.p.120]

i …__ AII ... "吻り制'ayaviva々のiivi伽励ω ヤttu

， by 也e 也知vity of 血e指ed. But, sil ffing 恒也，eo

:omments, il veぬal root 0

ltl and 血isob

Ited by pacｭmd印刷ondenoted by pac- 泊血e_re゚exive "Plæ.戸laoωnata svayam ha"axesi凶larbut sli俳句difTerent9•I Fur曲，ermore. 包也.e terminology of I蜘伊mmarians，血e

' 血eobject is DO白血gbut 也.e result (phala)・

mgeia，∞mmenl出，g on bh匂椙戸棚.ge "na ca vã知明ani krJ帰属事pravrttirasti" [MBh ad Pふ1.87，

p，♂，1・勾，回，ys [Udd.戸:ta， on do, m, p.l

vãcy~戸。

prtll戸lirn縱tity artha与"As for 曲0鈴 ve伽1 roots，曲e action in 也e form of 也.e result

Wmch is 伽，oted by [也e ve制 root] 抑制 appear 叫y 恒血e ゆject/'IO By 也e paraphra鰐 of 也e word Icriyãyã~ into

it is cl倒Z 伽t what is expre邸dby 也，e ve:伽1 root

m也.e lrDm附加す'ari ∞nstruction is血eagr切 wi也也，e impo飽ib悩.ty ofform泊E 白e

司I可何荷~110

67

,

z-hf-

宮、‘

2.0

F出i侃瓜 (1983)， p. 11) 伺1勘1s也泊 subac剖6。偲n"卸加凶i泌必白ary 邸“mば'へ c託f. VP. m, 7.58: ekadde 811111恥 ωη争in匂iiIfr pat:&句略 nabIaε附lta!a prQVI耐øntetWVØ1唖I1QSaman吋'tãh. Alωm 也，e oomm田町 ofHe闘j鳥 p. 275, 11.9-11. 附Uゐ明aJcortfVÏlaye 雌U伽iitrmω時 pøcll}. pacyate odanφ 岬聞eveti. devada，;a8Y~ km叫 pratyayenii-nab1aid1ainiit tad材ipiirtuyãtrad1aiiluvicyalv互助ãvtz!a. p'官級ゐabhfltohi JHlCYØI伽吋紛'ttll払J岨 (1982， p.202) 創出血t"也e traditi，叫 exp凶伽 of P .3.1.87 81棚

噂泊威伽 spirit of 伽 deriva伽 procedure of P却ni's øys畑・" Then he prop伺舗也e "agent-obj釦t id個姐ザ・ ωderive" 11也e nd1偲ive 戸皿ive" (ibid. p. 203).Howev留'， D叫伊nde (1985, p. 15)句亭舗舗 him.

• 10. = VSLM, p. 580.

:8.

:9.

113

[ω血e result].τberefore [kr・-] can 加国“泊初制御す制 wi血泊f1X

戸KbyP.3.1.87. 0曲erwi鈍 it 伺nnotbeωas 泊 ωseof d(i."

wh聞か伽，ot偲 bo也 activity (=州a] and its res叫t[司抑ttí] J3，泊。也町 words， kr-is karmasthalcri・)'tIkIl and sakarmakll (transitive), 胸附加す'arl ∞Instruc低価 is dω註凶， beωu鎚 'production' as 也e 悶叫t

is observable 泊也，eobjoot. However, when a root denotes activity a1one,

血 o也釘 words， it. is kartrsthab焔vaka and a知明aka (intransitive), 初期akartarlisnotd側面凶恥ωuse 也e action is not 鈍enin 也，eo句ootSuchv田加1 roots are, for example, drs.・"ji自5・ and Is-etc. Their ml伺n­

ings ' t!arsana', 'J初na' and ' icc，版'r叫JeCtivelyare residing 泊血.e agent. 羽田，也0鈍 verba1 roots are not a110wed ωform 也，e karn畑防御ぜ∞'n­

struction.

In fact, j�- being kIlrtrsthabh縋aka is prohibited to make 加maIaU加す∞nstructionliICe "ヴ問問teghil;帥 SViのwneva" by Bhaltoji's statement. However, we shou1d keep it in mind 也8t among 也e

km1rsthabhiivaka v封切lr∞ts some are intransitive and 0也釘 are 信組si­tive. Even if jñii- 旭初1r~伽bhãvakll， it is a∞0抑制edby 白 o句oot泊印刷切関，e. g." gha!a1!I jiin縟l: he ∞伊蹴sa pot", simply beωuse it is sa初期ak4 In也isωse，血e抑制御o句ootis relat，ωω 血，eactof

kno羽ng 泊 away. If it is suppo鈍d伽t 也.e sub-action of jñii.・ U印刷ofbe泊ganobjωofωIgnition orω，曲epotwo叫dbe 也，e subs回tumof曲at subaction and，血.en，血.e agency wo叫dbea鈍ignωto it. Cot即・

quendy，也e 鰐伊ence 11 てj縄問tegha!aIJ SV~戸meva"wo叫dbe wrongly 必rived.

2.3. PI町ha戸，泊 order to 戸event 血e sakarmalra ve.ぬ叫 r∞'ts of 加す'Stha，・ cl細企om form泊.g such a wrong 釦quenω， Bha則i 泊:tro­duces ano'也ぽ∞:ndition which isωbeappliedω 也，e meanings of the o句ω旬.

nlrvm収 cavlk向島eca karmavadb，加vøiﾐ'ﾘte. m似F有限初期勾iti sidt.伽ω 'tra ηmω'hilaJ.a. [k. η

明hen 也，eobject is ei曲釘 nirvm加 (to 恥戸ωuωd) orvl，細切(to be modifi叫.)，加makarlarl is desir凶.8'凶 it is not a也揃ed when 血eobject ispn争~(tobea伽泊吋1). Here is a fina1 view節制ωdown.'

In "gh呼仰jゐåll" 也.e pot is nei也釘戸吋uciblenor modifiable. It isanaω凶.bleo吋ectso伽t肋makarlarlis not to be formed.

13. 8K. No.27，“，凪 p.615 1azrotir IIlpiidll1liÎJぜ'hafa. utpaltiJ CtI lCaI明ω幼&

ぷ山口:エjZ 32抗出mωω 也，c age瓜 and a nominativeωse ending IS lD imwhich お (regardω 錨)血e agent by P.2.3.46, beca鴎也e 噂邸Y18

8.lready expreωd (abhihita). iR nossible 江也，e action denoted The /wrmako.rtari ∞凶，truction 18 po部

ibyωvc伽1 root is 加mast加、 BMRojimiwves邸 definition of ;lWrmasa仰yain bis Si級制仰仰di [No.27“， 111， p. 615]:

yatra karmaTJi kriy.耐'0 vise~o dr:伊teyath� pakv~ t仰t!ule~，,yalhã v� chinn倒防!he，抑制ra伽附t偏向:yã，ヤlaratrø.

"哨叩Whcn一n一ムedωi一白i俄ferenc∞emad峨deby 血郎e訓佃 ISsee悶n泊也ωeo州凶似ωωω…!山ωa邸s

! s巾ω…ωωωωs鈴ωωeωば。dωf∞ω。ω刷ωd抑cωe仰o叫r日岬岬岬哨s叩削酬酬pμ凶仰li胸i託tw駒。∞叫。ω…d! residing 也由ωe 。州吋eωct but [w油h阻 a dif宵r釘m関 2飽s 俄nJ 且一一

; not." 山伽悩帥刷it泌胸…tiωiぬo

!と竺ωmヴωpぱ山w出似:t立宮ずe、沼:涼zて官コrL誌ゐh悩凶i旬ch 伽oω旬 也邸e

お以二お玄平 a伊例t2766, IIl, p. 614]). 2.2. 百enhc argues abQut 也.em館副ngofve伽lmotkFEZ-

b売。，加makatãpatterna hi yøtno'rt初旬lllte 11 [lι500] 一・2IIIl17I evãtah加mavat勾尉舛gmかが I

忽m幻側3戸栂胤励t幼仰h"[匹Iぽf v，勺匂1 roo削t 倣か h…?詑e側剖 ?.;?ω:芯2 忠:お;:立:

2泣岱な岱'3担z訟i弘JぷL悶す詑却口よJぷ?ロ;沿ω一ぷぷz幻コ[J。叫叫J叫吻吻y]ωm…叫gげof f

bk:f. But lkr-deno協bo也也，eacti叫tyand] 匂tngt昭 intobe也g'~時頑加aa)

2~ ori脚ally，也蹴V国凶 root d即otV町bal root but ' different op�D1

dhãt明art加。.{TaK.amakh戸田血 11990 (rep. of Bll 9O)e協調凶y c μ伽∞ Tattvøcchi1lnQη~ãpãl・'(1ωTattvøclntゐItZid倒的m也回.

112

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j縅縟i ity ai伽 ãvtl1明ぬhañgar宮paå焔~tvarthaplull磁悶卵Itvãt，・"[fhe pot is 也，e object, 50 也at it 飽kcs Accusatì初 ωae.] Beｭ

也也，e expr凶sion 官加仰~}ゐãtr' [也epot] isω帥sttatum of 也ere叫t伽，ot“by也eve伽lroot 也也efonnof伽叫ng也eveU."

mmen飽， it is real協d 伽，t root戸5・ deno'陶 bo也:おおおみω，g] 刷協叫[僻蜘凶ng山 veU1泊ich'is existing 泊也，eo吋ect山町acccpt his op凶00， it 1ωω側0叫ng objection which is，旭ぬ，ct， 抑制限)()sed by Kauゆ B也Ra WB凶 onk. 7 (introductory

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283

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:fii

itselfbe泊ig sakæ明ako. Howevlぽ" ifω， rootjñã.・ would be reg:紅白d 8S lcarmasthab版vaA:叫恥cau鈴血，eresult ex.ists in 也，eobject (崎勾fOgaω弘

Kal碍.48 Bbana does Dωansw釘 ωthis objection directly. Inｭ駒ad， he inlωduces Bhattoji's k. 7 [see 2.3]. He intends to blωk the 初期akartarl "ヴ絹抑'Ie gha!a/) SV~μmeva" 泊 terms of another condi・6ω御旬dbyB凶ω~i. B凶 a加，veobjection remains unrefuted.

4.1. Nãge鈎 Bbana opposes K.a~c_Ia Bhana in 出c samemann町'. He 舗，ys [VSLM, p. 57勾:

3ぽ似 -ãvara，μbharigo vi抑制ãvãp加la肌 vi~ayal，夜帰 )'al加p/uúatva別刷版働協 va勾初励Ul~ η有'pãras tu jñã"ωm el'eti cet tan na.伽maslhakrJ戸katvãpalte，か

"Some hold 血at 也e resu1t [denoted by root j�i-] is ei出町

ãvartl1)Qb刷Igaor 均'ayatã (1也，e state of being an object of co伊ilion).Wewillstate 泊也e 鈎ctiøn d伺ling wi出焔rak414 也8t vi，子ayalã is 血eresult of root j�. The 8ctivity is no由加g but thc 8ct of co倶izing.[Reply] It is not' correct. Because, if 80, [root j�-] wou1d be 初明制加kriya/alIS."

Then Niigda quotes Bhartfhari's励i/cã along wi白 "Hel珂aγcommentaryltS, which .introduces two views about the distinction of 伽抑制t加・ and 加す'rslha- classes.

117

路開lt 泊血，e form of an a叩ωt which is not 側副ng in 也.e ag姐t [is E叩esentedby 血，e word], it is 伽明白，thabhävaJca. 1t

Accord泊g to 也ωe definitiOD8，也.e verbal .root j�i-wbich deｭnotes ãvara~abha元~ga or vi~ayatã as the result is considered as 初抑制'tIulb版vaJc吟加cause 也e鶴間叫胞 are not residing 也白 agent

加山白州側腿蜘凶above21 . Thereぬre ãvtl1'l勾abha元tga ぽ均勾TØtã血o叫dnωbe ∞凶.ider凶 m 也~e result. For Nãgeぬ Bbana 也，e view of Ka四.4&Bhana is not aωeptable.

4.2 Them回凶ngof血everbal rootjñiï, aωord泊.gto Nãge鈎，is '也e∞伊ition' (jñiina) 創出.e result and 'the ∞ntact of a伽m 組d 1nIl1UI3'

(ã伽amtI1UIS・.sa明tyoga) 倒也.e ac削ty (VSLM p. 57勾包. This result bas ana司抱ct 鎚 be泊gcommonωboth. It relat，ωω 也.e object 曲rough 也e

relation of 均勾1aIã andω 也，e agent 曲m喝h samavめ1Q (inherent relaｭtion)泊. Hence IOOt j�-is clωsifiωas kartrsthabhãva肱 Co国岬閥均，it is prohibi凶 ωform 也，e kannalazrtarl ∞:DStrUction "*j縄問te gha!aIJ. .m勾1Q11I eva". (Ibis 0削on 旭町ported by 也.e a!幽，or of 伽Pa1JIJ a commenl阻ryonVB凶，24.)

5. As we have seen曹也.e /CarmQ/Cω'ari∞IDStrUction is forml“ on 也.e basis of血e‘∞，nception 也8t 也.e original 0'句oot 泊也，e simple active ∞凶tIuction is re伊d“ as 也.e agent of 戸瓜叫ar subaction 油ich is

21. cf. PLM, loc. cit.: t�laii ciiv��1}�h�g�y� vi~øyøtiiyiiJ c� 初mømiitrØl'Úfl仰"!ã.JjiiMter øpi 知明制加b1帥命tlttか ity øløm. 百Ì8seO:・畑偶 ianot ぬund 凪VSLM.

22. = PL'肌 .p.・ 1∞'. S回Dgely， K凪皿4a Bhana men伽四伽回me view 担伽∞n慨t曲athow 也eobjω~nessor伽 i旬mwhichbel∞伊 to白戸威信向tureU側ablishecl [VBh 佃k. 24,p. 9句:糊刷'østll jiiniitl. Icc.脳'1. dvqp, sond噂IJÚityãdyø1l.,rodhãd jífii1lecclaãdyø1lllkfllo 呪yiipiiro dlaãtvørtlaø~. s� c� jRãnøjanokllmanø.f，伺匂W仰m瀦'rewz. The por蜘 ofVBh 担 which伽ve館副組側 are includ“ ia al80 quotl剖 by NãgeU旭 VSM，p. 120 (b国側関個泊VSLMandPL附..Itis not cle町why KaUl}血 Bhattad側副組ke幽 vi卸値凶VB凶.

23. VSLM, p.sSO: tlltrø吻側伽7UI喝酬殉}íüilulmllbla句叫仰.[=(助叫PLM， l∞. cit.]

24. Dm戸別個VB凶偲k. 7,p. 61 :剛Iltø!ajiiniter舟'UlI'中甲l/udirtlulltDt糊ev� yu}ctam. "JUJ ω知明ω幼lIb.脇'akiiniiIP 加明tmI刷局iifa J11切開かωt"Itl blúige1}ø 加't!stlaøblaiivølciiniÎ1fl krlyl有plúJltuyø 知明側iitre vrttl,. 1I�t1ty 耐'høIætuJ 制成'QI7Jfoblu抑&胸司øplaaüirtlløktztwzttJ加'lf'8tlulbか蜘tvtllf'v�Gtibfl ktzrm側iilrøv{ttlphøliir，幼økøtvørilpøkØ111løsthぬかøkøtvøqølvi­

blaya仰rgømetUI ttltriiW1r4勾a助D1Î8\旬開p/Jø加wr tl1lpø匂'Ø laznnøvø制伽別dll1'lllvõ.り雌尋'HItte.払 Dørp句ø discus制御 validity of也泊 view，戸田却炉施泊g

Kudo: Why j�yale ghØIゆ $vayam eva is Dot acceptcd...

'!I yatra kriyã ωtra V.J tvanyql均，sabdair eva p1i仰lplt，手間・ m.7.“l

, "Whmimmeldi質問ωis seen伽 is an 8ct�n reæ伽g 也itlB凶鈎mesay伽t 也，edi姐.ctionof也emismal必W也.ewo:池J

h 也e 伽5t view mentioned 恒也e above p1it.お，也，e di鋭nctionbe凶 on 也e 伽l'Va州凶仰凶。a 伽削t 泊 w悩悩，ch 帥也ωed働i雌飽m叩ωF仰凶附0吋叫dト崎血e制onis seen17• However, from ano伽po泊tof叫ew，也~e di賀町・lce like 'persp刷on'(parUrama)etc. is seen 泊伽 agmtotωsettb凶g18. T百h凶ω帥s 吋view吋i旬s 吋ωωte札d. NI尚。w 鵠ω∞n凶d 討w抑e側wi抱S 8'脇郎吻c却P叫出kh e U叫均ie刊w 血ω.e d仰i包s出cωt凶io佃ni包s 跨悶81iz包z“by 也御，ewl澗o吋池s. In ωs蜘eωs 。ばflt，加1勾仰,

p必ι伽叫凶ぽir"一叩ム山吋d"倫伽 b抑hi伽i加nalt帆to州拘m側t 。ぱfseei均n喝g泊叩icb is not affected by印刷onand也?で吋均1M

eZm鎚es也eo吋ectofcu凶ngwbich is affootíωby也e8ction

De戸nding on 也.e second view, N�geAa defines陶初rmastha-

b版vakaand karlrsthab婦vaka [VSLM, P.

! ymMr胸rmasl紛ãra1}adharmariIp仰 phal旬以ena_ _. _ L 二r.dJwbIüivakah. ... yatra tu Irm脅・øvrtti

"In ωse where 血，e result 血血.e form of anω戸ct as be泊81 mmonωbo也 ag'姐t and object is repre田nt凶 by 也e word，曲is [ver・

bal root] is kortrsthab脳va/c沼・ on 白白血er hand 泊 ωse where 也e

町倒防効iis 34-49 of sã'dhAftAAAm，udd蜘(包 I戸'8 editi叫企omp. 261,

1 .13 ぬ p. 268, 1.13) and 伽 0也町 is 倒防効歯 65-67 of伽個me(倣ml p.

280. 1-.1'7 to p. -283, i.l). These ~ ~ fill叫 byPhl訓副j由民muneD組ry.

Unf切畑ately 也.e very 戸rtion which 旭 suppωdωbeq附ed bylraø榔 U

17 拡吋川柳田.dyta凶byB附iDïqi也18. cf. PhuUarãj白川 VP， m.7瓜 p.281: ye 'PI 加明倒的øb1úi抑制母 pat:y砧抑S

J 鵠部総指td 務3鰐g(叫也回me chang回.); VSL'肌 p. 580; PLM, p. 101. In rn幼順tø it 包 not

説SZ1?ωi CIJ p4今.1仰仰向仰a叫lI~am一一岨 ・助的側劫t似H榊u 印刷'dlkrlyiM"柳川仰酬伽ωωsd叫向ivø IaD1pthøb1aiivø1cllt明 karmøs幼ゆ版協明

党22FZ:c川弘 p. 1ω 附'ø gi'糊うNmØ tIJa伽ã" instead of "州問"at 也e beginning. Th鰯伊ssages are not 釦und 也 Phu1Jarãj山∞m・

meu組ry.

司 1司. ..qぞ司 J{116

119.

,20.

'ftfitutuLもや駅伝

rfzvEEFιPEtktebr

骨配向

118 司 l司刊 fl{ i{. Kudo: Why j�iyate ghala~ Jl1ayam el1a ia not 8ccepted... 119

related to 也8t original objcct. Aftet 也e 剖si伊ment of agencyω 也eqriginal objcct is done (even in the mental 5飽ge)， P.3. 1.87 恥ωmω

，pplicぬle.

This original object m凶t reta泊 the 鈍me relationship wi也也e~ction even aftぽ白.e agency is 蹴砂ω~. Since wbat is 泊.tend凶血血e1zma加す制 (or what is denoted by 也.e verbal root) 旭 ω 釧on re・

1瓜ωω 也.c original action (b凶 oot 曲.e 8Ction rela凶旬也，e88倒)，也eterbal ooot dcnotes印刷onof血e original object. Later gramm剖脳卒nalyse thc notioo of 'action'(Jaかめ泊ωtwo p.旧館;8， i.. e.，血e activity +nd its res叫t. The activity relates to 也.e agent and 也e result to 血ebject. ηlcrefore 也e subaction which is e珂JI'Cssed 旭也e karmalautarl s nothing but 血.e result inωterminology of latぽ grammari8Jlið.

In血is ∞nnection， two conditions are 泊位。ducedωωncel t邑e~pplication of P.3.1.87ωsome verbal roots. One is "伽守'Stha' ωnditionlNhiぬ is to be appliedω 血e meanings of 也.e 'VI蜘1 roots, in 0伽1NO池， which is ∞Inccm.ed wi白白.e res叫t andi包凱蜘回tum. The 0也釘is 'pnφ~a' condition to bc appliedω 出.em飽nings of也e object，吋z.，旬

以∞ntc凶 of血.c res'叫t. B凶.noji and KaUl}~ Bhana D制 to re節目 ω~esetwo ∞'nditions. 0也.erwise they ~ve to be faωdwi血血，edi錨c凶.ty也8t undesired 鈍quence is derivほNãgeSa， on 曲e o.血ぽ hand， avoids 血is di節c叫tybygi由.g new defi凶tions of 初期制'ha- and ktuて'rstha.Forbim，鈴∞nd∞ndition is oot nece鑓ary.

Such a difference of op泊ionsis linked wi白血.eiro戸ionsabout

也.e meani喝s of ve伽I root. Bha~oji and Kaw.c�l Bhana a制t 也e鑓戸rate lakti (P[1haldakti) in 曲.eml伺凶喝S of verbal roots and Nige包claims 血.c qualifiω lakli (viSi~/aSaktl) alone.27 A!ωord均ωadiversity ofopi凶008， numbers of argumen旬 ba'VIC been develo'戸d， e. g.，紛叫u

也ωey，也e relation of verbs ぬ般向血em伺凶ng of lalriirtu andω ∞・ At 也e 鈍me timc，也ese arguments have 也eirroots in 朗rli釘g酒m­matical 飽xts. However 白e observations pre鈍nted 也也ispa戸rare on1y

∞n句m“ wi白血，e cla鎚辺倒，tion of血.eml銅山，gsof血e verbal roots in relatiωto 也.c lrarmakartmぜ construction.

Blbllog~8pby

Sanskrit aOllrce

P:~向品渇iofP匂凶

MBh:油価bh旬aofP蜘ilj必

1. ω. by F. Kie出om， rev. by K. V. Abhyankar. 3 vols. P∞na: BO悶. 1962, 65, 72

2. wi血!7~~ of~yata and Uddyot� ofNãS蜘Bhana. ed. by M. M. Pandit ぬiVI也伽 Shanna. J'rajajivan Jヤ'ødI)ゆIIørøtl Grøn幼amala， No・23(:時・ of NSP editil∞).De血i:αau油amba s8n釦it Pr蜘白血.1988.

K硲:ikiivtttlofVimana and Jay脳ゆ

1. 抽.by Aryen伽ぬarma 血dKhanderao D叫粗de. 2 Vols. &D時世dαlIlemy.加Nω. 17, 20. Hyderabad:細血itA，叫姐y. 1969, 1970.

2. wi也 J血叫曲uddi's rtúi刷11tZP"i仰øñjikD (Nyãa) 凶 E加側、P�tzma��. 00. by D. D. Sha紺i and K. P .Sh:副a. 6 vols. R�u1. Bharatl &吋'uNo.6, Varanasi. 1985.

ith---li--sｭ

‘

jl'tl

,lll)I 11111

・

'i'3112

VP: J句匂，.gyøofBhartrbari.

1. 00. by Wi1helm Rau. Die mfl1akiirlki� nach dell Hﾘ1Itﾜchrlftl!1l her叫句伽 lI1IIl mlt et脚凶ialnm町間伽. Abhandl田喝mREdie Kunded伺 M01'8剖and伺沼.JI， 4. Wi，伺加畑. 1m.

2. wi血血e commentary of He駈笥a. K匂向田戸rt 1. ed. by K. A. Subramania Iyer. Det:cﾘ1I Coll4事'Il M01I管制御加 No.21 ， Poona 1963.

l

i

-

-

A

18

・

4

伽切 diffic叫tics. [ibid, pp. 61-62]: na coIaøk.ゆ仰向勾咽 3ømØ喝棚agha!iid�l1 �attl1iit te，i明 jiüaãtlkarmatyiüallpapattl~， (2) j�inasya tadtDIlI.締切柿祖母助制ãdd CQ Jiimãn紛伽YI1}yiiJ abznnøkllt帰・阿'tl[a.仰加制'habhiivaA:飢励叩伊øltiå ceti Yiicy�. (I.}" ~お胸 J膏a初旬ぺ宮前.j�nam" iti pratityã均勾向iittuyaj胸勤可制局匂'"PGganren劫樹均句F

F渦alot伽cdaedoJcω叩加dIulgluJfilω伽耐劫伽咽3ゆlI/itiikørmø[hlJtv.勾細tatribhiiYena dylt砂町)'a， 御前.ayøtiisamtn，砂勧'hyÕ1!' kIl1明tzkIII'trub1aaya­Vf1titwniiぬかM勾句相 V励ltDvøt.

25. See nc淘 5.0也erwiøe伽 reß偲ivityw，側ldnot be realized. 26. In re1ation to two pha閥 of 也.e actio民 "sit/J.伽品品川t a甲田包曲ouId be

take�. into ∞usideration f耐釦池宮町伺向凶侃'27. see no'旬 H.

SK: 'Yal戸加・勾tUim劫iinta/uzumudI of B恒例i DIk拘 wi也 B砧抑制Drlltnø凶伽'tvabodlalnl. ω. by Giridhar 知mã Caturv抽副 P. A. 缶四五 4vols.ne:也i:MI倒IaI Banani也88. 1958-61.

~ぬøøtJlbhøof Bhanoji Dik仰 ω.byO明l 節回N聞・ 3 vols.α削幽ambaSanskrit S傾倒 No. 2, 2nd ed. Varan踊i.I991.

28 e. g. Ogawa (1卿1)，伺問旭日ypp.33~.

121

Ogawa. Hideyo (1990)・"百eAc低価組d La喝uageーAS旬吻 ofS組曲it S個血・tics: the M伺副ngs of Verbal R∞u・" Hiro由国aDalglllol BlI1Igllkゆu Klyc捌49・，3. 1990 [凪 3匂椙田鶴]

V瓜曲師号abhi百智明 ofKauq4a Bbana ed. by Pt. }.伽udevaBhan勘踊ya.HarijivtmdtlS Prac1a.戸吋め咽@明幼amala No. 2. VI町田踊i: C凶幽am.baAmarabbarati prakaぬan. 198S.

raiyãkar勾abhïq，勾tlSQraofKal叫4aBhanawi也 Dar戸胆∞mm個飽yby褥-Harivallabha~ ed. by Cb潺drika -Prasad DWivedi. Vrajajlvan PrtIChyabharmi Granthamala No. 42. Delhi: Chauぬamba S8D8krit pra創出an. 1989.

'VBhS

Yai舛1caraI)asiddlüintama母iqii of N�gda Bhat!a 00. by Kapila Deva Sbastri. Kun止血自主V凶al Publi，伺話岨.1985.

VSM

ふ

1

.

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-qaasza'S占習者43・e-a，、，・2'eld-agate

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