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Ministry of Education and Science

Education: pre-school, interest education,compulsory, secondary, special, vocational,higher, life-long learning

Science: fundamental research, marketorientated research, applied research, scientificinstitutions

Sport: sport for children and youth, sport for all,

sport for people with disabilities, highperformance sports

State language: language policy, terminology,language learning/teaching, multilingualism

Picture8

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Main issues

From where we started?

What was the direction to proceed?

Major reforms in education Gains and losses

Way forward Picture8

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Where is Latvia ?

General facts: Capital - Riga

2,3 million inhabitants

64 589 square km

982 basic &secondary schools

82 vocational schools

64 HEI

552 students per 10

000 inhabinats 2nd

place in the world

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Main facts of Latvia history

First inhabitants in the territory of Latvia: 9000B.C.

12th Century 1918: the Age of German, Polish,

Swedish, and Russian rule in Latvia Republic of Latvia:

1918-1940 regaining of independence in 1991

Soviet period: 1940-1941 1945-1991

Nazi German occupation: 1941-1945 Joining NATO and European Union: 2004

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Small size, great achievements

Nobel Price and Latvia: Wilhelm Ostwald (1853-1932),chemist, awarded 1909 Paul Walden (1863 1957),chemist, nominated several

times. Waldens Medal was awarded in Riga, 2008 toDr.Kurt Wuthrich (Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla,

USA) Complete set of Olympic medals in Beijing

2008: Gold: BMX, Maris Strombergs

Silver: javelin-throwing, Ainars Kovals Bronze: weight-lifting, Viktors Scerbatihs

Cultural heritage: Song and dance festivals

Architecture

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Main differences between Soviet System

(SS) and Democratic society (DS) in Latvia

SS

One party system

Planned economy

Closed society

Occupied country

DS

Multy-party system

Market economy

Open society

Independent state

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Vision

Resource

KnowledgeWisdom

Capacity to do

Goal

Improvement of Life Quality

Strategic principles

InclusionHarmonizationCoordination

Extending borders

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From authoritarian to democratic school

To foster decentralization in order to: Promote initiative and responsibility

Increase choice of opportunities

Focus on autonomy and human rights Widen understanding of values

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Latvian education system

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Policy pushes (II)

Bilingual educationreform: to strengthen theposition of state language in line with wideningopportunities for studies in mother-tongue, 1998-2004:

ethnic minority schools: 132 Russian 5 Polish

2 Jewish

1 Byelorussian, Ukrainian, Lithuanian, Estonian andRoma programs

Sunday schools: Liiv, Armenian, Azerbaijan,Georgian, Greek, Hungarian, Jewish, Ukrainian

Multilingualism

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Policy pushes (III)

Law on Higher Education

Establishments,1995:

State budget funded study places

Invention of study fees

Loan system

Transformation of structureBologna process in higher education,

1999

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Funding of higher education

83.6

53.6

21.7

40.8

60.5

33.131.9

30.9

30.1

28.12824.823.121.2

45.3

43.4

37.133.3

26.620.816.913.99.95.83.6

15.1 16.911.514.111.1

13.19.774.72.61.9

0

10

20

30

40

5060

70

80

90

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Milj.lats

State budget

Tuition fees

Other sorces

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Dynamics of students enrollment in

universities, 1990/91 2007/08 academic years

Source: Overview on Higher Education-2007, Ministry of Education and Science, http://www.izm.gov.lv

127050

131072

129503

130693

126756

118845

110500

101270

89510

76620

64948

56187

4669639260

37500

41900

46300

46000

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

90/91

92/93

94/95

96/97

98/99

00/01

02/200

3

04/200

5

06/200

7

http://www.izm.gov.lv/http://www.izm.gov.lv/http://www.izm.gov.lv/http://www.izm.gov.lv/http://www.izm.gov.lv/

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Ratio of student/academic staff

2003/04 academic year

Sweden 9,0 Romania 20,2

Slovakia 10,9 Italy 21,6

Spain 11,7 Latvia 24,1

Finland 12,4 Slovenia 24,6

Bulgaria 12,4 Greece 28,1

United Kingdom 17,8 EU 27 15,9

Source: Key Data on Higher Education in Europe, 2007 Edition, European Commission

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Professors out of academic staff

41%- 50% Belgium, Canada

31%-40% USA, Japan, Germany21%-30% Latvia, France, Italy, Ireland

11%- 20% Finland, Sweden

less than 10% United Kingdom, Spain

Source: prof.Juris Krumins, Association of Latvian Professors, Riga, February 7, 2008

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What are the outcomes of the reforms? (I)

Competence for sustainability, including labour market, active citizenship and

personal fulfillment:

Pre-school: compulsory for 5 and 6 years old

Compulsory: standards and curricula towards

acquisition of skills (OECD, PISA)

Secondary: changes in philosophy - from

subject matter to analytical and cooperativeskills; improvement of educational environment

(EU support)

Special: inclusive education

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What are the outcomes of the reforms? (II)

Interest education: involvement, participation andindividualization

Vocational: involvement of employers, changes incurricula towards needs of labor market

Higher: Internationally valid quality assurance system

Support of doctoral and master studies and post doctoral research

Performance of HE including introducing the Bolognaprinciples

Renovation and modernization of HE infrastructure

Life-long learning: overall framework for Latvian

education, e-learning

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Correlation: qualification and salary

91%100%Natural sciences115%100%Agriculture

148%100%Health and social work

127%100%Education

114%100%Humanities and arts

DiscrepancyAccordanceStudy field

91%100%Engineering and technologies

54%100%Law88%100%Management, commerce

84%100%Services

Source: prof.Juris Krumins, Association of Latvian Professors, Riga, February 7, 2008

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