ITWG Topical WorkshopManagement of Instrumentation Projects

19 to 21 May 2014Rolf Lindner

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From idea to realization of a HighEnergyPhysics experiment

The LHCb experiment at the LHC

~1000 members~700 authors16 countries64 institutes

Capital Investment: 75 MCHFYearly operational budged ~2.5MCHF

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The LHCb experimentLHCb stands for Large Hadron Collider beauty experiment• Specialized in b physics; b hadrons are heavy particles containing a

bottom (also named beauty) quark

• Measuring parameters of CP violation.C for charge conjugation, which transforms a particle into its antiparticle, and P for parity, which creates the mirror image of a physical system. CP-symmetry -> laws of physics should be the same under C and then P transformation.

Such studies can help to explain the Matter-Antimatter asymmetry of the Universe

Search for ‘New Physics’

The experiment is located at the LHC at CERN, Geneva

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How all started – first idea

In the late 1980’ CP violation in the B system became a very ‘hot’ topicA proposal was made to study this subject at the SPS Collider at CERN, 1989 *

Two concepts• very large B production in the forward direction• use silicon detectors inside the beam pipe, where the

colliding particles are kept

Proposal was not approved but a successful test was made.

*Peter Schlein at all

silicon detectors inside the beam

pipe

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Then, the LHC

In September 1989 the CERN DG, C. Rubbia, asked to organize a year’s long study, with ~250 participants, whether and how a 17 TeV pp collider in the existing LEP tunnel could compete with the SSC. (Superconducting Super Collider)The LHC project started at the ECFA Large Hadron Collider Workshop, Aachen, Germany, 4-9 Oct 1990.

Propose a b physics experiment at this colliderDifferent modes were possible:

• Collider • Fixed Target, with extracted beam

Three groups of physicists submitted three Letters of Intent (LoI)

How all started –the chance

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Large Hadron Beauty Factorywith beam extraction

Three Letters of Intent: (1993)• Design very similar (forward direction)• Silicon Tracker close beam line COBEX

collider mode

Gajetinternal gas jet target

How all started – first proposal(s)

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Taking shape –natural selection

As not all three proposal can be accepted at the LHC, the LHCC discussed the relative merits of the different approaches in spring 1994.

The LHCC was set up after the March 1992 meeting in Evian-les-Bains. Intensive interaction between the Committee and the Collaborations is required in order to converge on the detector designs, and to review the construction, installation and commissioning of the experiments. Like other experiment committees, the LHCC makes recommendations to the CERN Research Board.

The LHCC, Larg Hadron Collider Committee.

Conclusion (extracts), 8 June 1994:• None of the collaborations has the necessary resources.• Collider mode has the greater potential.• Detector close to the beam is very desirable, but adequately

optimized design of spectrometer does not exist yet.

The committee therefore encourages all participants from the three proposals to join together to prepare a new letter of intent for a new collider mode b experiment to be submitted to the LHCC.

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The three collaborations have decided to participate in a joint Letter of Intent.

The Spokespersons of the three original LoI’s defined:• An Executive Committee

consisting of two members of each of the three former collaborations

• A Collaboration Board consisting of a senior representative of each of the major institutes

o A first joint meeting of the new collaboration was held in July 1994

New groups joined the collaboration

Preparation of a new LoI and a Technical Proposal

Forming working groups around the major subjects

Taking shape –experiment is born

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Taking shape -preparing for approvalLetter of IntentOne of the first meeting

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Research BoardChairperson: CERN Director General Approval of Experiments at CERNThe Research Board receives the recommendations from all the CERN Experimental Committees, and takes decisions on them.

Large Hadron Collider Committee

review the construction, installation and commissioning

of the experiments

LHCb collaboration

Experiments submit

• LoI• TP• TDRs

Reports 4x per year:Status of construction, installation, operation and analysis

Recommends for approval

Approves the experiment

Getting Approved –lines of decisions

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Getting Approved –prepare the packageThe Technical Proposal:

• Setting up the organization of the collaboration Institutes responsible for the detector construction -> first LHCb Constitution

• A cost estimate of the full project is given

‘CORE’ cost for a Common Fund and Sub Systems

• Schedule R&D work and prototype studies Start of construction Start of installation

Describes the physics case, the different sub systems and the project planning.

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Next step after the approval by the CERN Research Board:Preparation of the

Memorandum of Understanding

Defines the programme of work to be carried out • for the construction• the distribution of charges• responsibilities among parties

It set the organisational, managerial and financial guidelines to be followed by the Collaboration.

Before proceeding to the final construction phase, each sub system will be subject to a technical, financial, and personnel review, by the Large Hardon Collider Committee.

Getting Approved –agreement between all parties and financing

Technical Design Reports (TDRs)

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Research BoardChairperson: CERN Director General Approval of Experiments at CERNThe Research Board receives the recommendations from all the CERN Experimental Committees, and takes decisions on them.

Large Hadron Collider Committee

review the construction, installation and commissioning

of the experiments

LHCb collaboration

Experiments submit

• LoI• TP• TDRs

Reports 4x per year:Status of construction, installation, operation and analysis

Recommends for approval

Approves the experiment

LHC Resources Review BoardsChairperson: CERN Director for Research and Computing.Comprises the representatives of each Experiment's Funding Agencies and the management of CERN and of each Experiment's Collaboration. • reaching agreement on the MoU• monitoring the Common Projects and the

use of the Common Funds • monitoring the general financial and

manpower support• reaching agreement on a maintenance and

operation procedure and monitoring its functioning

• endorsing the annual construction and maintenance and operation budgets of the detector.

Getting Approved –lines of decisions

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The Implementation - Technical Design Reports (TDRs)

After choosing the hardware technology for each sub system a TDR has to be prepared and submitted to the LHCC.

The TDR describes the • Requirements• Layout• Performance• Technology

and contains the (sub) project organisation• Participating institutes• Responsibilities• Schedule• Cost & resources, including risk mitigation

Cost given in the TDRs• only material• personnel & general tooling is not part of it

The a

ctivit

y bec

omes

a pr

oject

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R&D

EDR

PRR

AssemblyQuality Assurance

Installation

Production

Time

Production drawings

Engineering Design Review

Production Readiness Review

TDR

2000 2006 2008

The Implementation - General timeline for a sub (sub) project to follow

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R&D phase• Decision on technologies• Test beams• Working closely with Industry

• Several companies• Iterative process• Improving technology (timing, radiation etc.)

Production• Final Integration• Define production centres• Assembly sites• Quality assurance• Installation

Operation• Commissioning• Data Taking

The Implementation – from R&D to operation

for close monitoring:milestones

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GLIMOSGroup Leader on Matters of

Safety

 CoordinatorsTechnical CoordinatorResources CoordinatorOperation CoordinatorElectronics CoordinatorPhysics CoordinatorRun CoordinatorLHC radiation and safetyECS CoordinatorDAQ CoordinatorUpgrade CoordinatorLHC ContactOutreach Contact

Editorial Board

Speakers Bureau

Collaboration BoardRepresentatives from each collaborating

instituteCollaboration chair : one of the

representatives

Ultimate authority. All major decisions shall be approved.

ManagementSpokesperson + Deputy

Technical Coordinator, Resource Coordinator

executive body of the Collaboration.responsibility for managing the detector operation, upgrades, physics analysis.

Coordinator of sub systemCoordinator of

sub systemCoordinator of sub systemCoordinator of

sub systemCoordinator of sub systemCoordinator of

sub systemCoordinator of sub systemCoordinator of

sub systemCoordinator of sub systemProject Leader of

sub system

Formal contact persons forcommunication between the LHCb Management and the people working for the subsystem. Responsibility and authority to direct the work on thatsubsystem.

The Implementation –final structure of the collaboration

Technical Boardadvisory body to the Management, on all aspects of detector design, optimization, safety and cost.

Operation Planning Group

advisory body to the LHCb Management and ensures high quality data taking for physics analysis

Physics Planning Groupadvisory body to the Management and provides recommendations to ensure the best quality of the physics output

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Implementation 2001-2008

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1989silicon

detectors inside the beam pipe

 1993

1998

2003

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Summary – a long way

• From first idea in 1989 to first data taking in 2010 • 21 years• Many obstacles before final approval• Structure of the experiment evolves with time• Success of the project:

1. Bright idea2. Well defined common goal3. Voluntary agreement at all levels4. Healthy mixture of experts5. Close collaboration between

Collaborating institutes Industry Funding agencies

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Late 1980’s: First thoughts for measuring CP violation in the B system, at the SPS. Publication with 21 authors

1989: First proposal of experiment1990: Studies started for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Early 1990’s: Three proposals to study this B physics at LHC1993: Three Letter of Intent

~100 authors, 33 institutes

1994: Proposal to ‘merge’ all three proposals1995: LHCb gets structure, Letter of Intent for ONE B-experiment at LHC

~170 authors, 36 institutes

1998: Submission of the Technical Proposal and Approval of the LHCb experiment by the CERN Research Board336 authors, 42 institutes

2000: First Technical Design Report (out of 11)2005: Last Technical Design Report2002-2008: Construction of LHCb sub systems2008: Commissioning started

~600 members, 48 institutes

2010: Start of Data TakingNow: >1000 members, 700 authors, 64 institutes, 16 countries,

>160 papers published

Summary – time line