Itinera Hierosolymitana Crucesignatorum - Vol I_Absens,_C… · Itinera Hierosolymitana Crucesignatorum - Vol I ... There is however a significant piece of evidence: the Anonymous

Itinera Hierosolymitana Crucesignatorum - Vol I

Itinera Hierosolymitana Crucesignatorum - Vol. I Tempore Primi Belli Sacri (1095-1100)

The Times of the First Holy Wars

● Cover Pages

● Presentazione - Presentation

● Anonymus: Qualiter sita est civitas Hierosolymitana - Anonymous: How the city of Jerusalem is situated

● Willelmus Tyrensys Archiepiscopus: Historia Rerum in Partibus Transmarinis Gestarum - William Archbishop of Tyre: History of the Events in the Overseas Territories

● Fulcherius Carnotensis: Historia Hierosolymitana - Gesta Francorum Iherusalem Peregrinantium - Fulcher of Chartres: History of Jerusalem - The Exploits of the Frank Pilgrims to Jerusalem

● Anonymus: Gesta Francorum Expugnantium Iherusalem - Anonymous: The Exploits of the Franks in Liberating Jerusalem

● Radulfus Cadomensis: Gesta Tancredi in Expeditione Hierosolymitana - Raoul of Caen: The Exploits of Tancred in the Jerusalem Expedition

● Robertus Monachus: Historia Iherosolimitana - Robert the Monk: The History of Jerusalem

● Albertus Aquensis: Historia Hierosolimitana - Albert of Aix-la-Chapelle: The History of Jerusalem

● Ekkerhardus Abbas Uraugiensis: Hierosolymita - Eckhardt, Abbot of Aura: The

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Jerusalem Pilgrim

● Cafarus de Caschifelone: De Liberatione Civitatum Orientis - Cafaro of Caschifelone: The Liberation of the Cities of the Orient

● Anonymus Littorensis: Historia de Translatione Sanctorum - Anonymous of Lido (Venice): The Transfer of the Saints' Relics

● Canonicus Hebronensis: Tractatus de Inventione Sanctorum Patriarchum Abraham, Ysaac et Jacob - Monk of Hebron: Treatise on Finding the Relics of the Holy Patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob

● Monacus Anonymus Scaphusensis: De Reliquiis Sanctissimae Crucis et Dominici Sepulchri - Anonymus Monk of Schaffhausen: The Relics of the Holy Cross and of the Sepulchre of Our Lord

● Fulco: Historia Gestorum Viae Nostri Temporis Ierosolymitanae - Fulcher: Story of the Feats Accomplished in Our Times on the Road to Jerusalem

● Europe and the Middle East at the Time of the Crusades: Italy --- Eastern Europe --- Greece and Turkey --- Middle East

● Variantes Principaliores ex Ipsis Editoribus Desumptae - Foremost Variations chosen from Identical Editions

● Indice delle Abbreviazioni - Index of Abbreviations

● Indice delle Illustrazioni - List of Illustrations

● Indice Analitico - Analytic Index

● Indice Generale - General Index

● Errata

● Piano dell'Opera - Book Plan

● Back Cover


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Corpus Inscriptionum Crucesignatorum Terrae Sanctae

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Anonymous: How the City of Jerusalem is situated...

Description of the Holy Places

We do not know the name of this monastic pilgrim, the year of his visit to Holy Land or the original title of his story. T. Tobler and A. Molinier think that it must have taken place in 975, since the author identifies several Judaic relics hidden in the Rock of Omar, which were brought to Constantinoples by Emperor John Zemisce (969-976), when he occupied Siria and Palestine. But they are not sure of the date, since the same relics are mentioned by Albert of Aix-la-Chapelle (1095-1121) and Fulcher of Chartres (1095-1125), historiographers of the First Crusade, who were not able to personally verify the existence of those relics and introduced them with the standard formula of "it is said, it is believed...", just like this Anonymous writer. There is however a significant piece of evidence: the Anonymous visits the church of Santa Maria Latina which was located to the East of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher and was rebuilt under this name by the Amalfitans in the second half of the eleventh century. Moreover, the entrance to the Holy Sepulcher of Our Lord is rather unique. With the restoration work of the round Edicula of the Holy Sepulcher executed by Emperor Constantine Monomach (1042-1048), a square cell-vestibule with three doors was added: one opening to the East, the second one to the South and the third one between the two cells. This facts place the Anonymous' visit close to the Crusades; in fact some authors place it at the beginning of the twelfth century. Between these divergent opinions, it is preferable to follow Rohericht who places it in 1095. It seems that the Anonymous did not use material previously published in his "brevissima nota", but, as he claims himself, described what he had personally seen. In fact one can say that travel accounts published later on had points of contacts with this one. In publishing the manuscript for the first time Tobler-Molinier used as title the words found in the twelfth century codex comprising the "Historia Hierosolymitana" by Baldwin of Bordeaux (1095-1099). The Latin text of this edition is taken from the T.Tobler- A. Molinier's volume entitled "Itinera Hierosolymitana", Geneva, 1879, volume I, pages 347-349. The codex-manuscript belongs to Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal de Paris", no.1161 (102), sec. XII.

Sabino De Sandoli, ofm


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William Archbishop of Tyre: History of the Events in the Overseas Territories

William of Tyre was born in Jerusalem around 1127. The names of his parents and his nationality are not known. After finishing his first cycle of literary education, he went to Europe to pursue higher education and remained there for many years. He returned to Jerusalem in 1162 and became a friend of King Amalric (1162-1175) and other high personages of the Latin Kingdom. In 1167 he was promoted archdeacon of the Church of Tyre. The following year he led a successful diplomatic mission to Constantinoples. In 1169 he traveled to Rome. It is there that he had the idea of writing the "Annals of the Latin Kingdom of the Overseas Territories". He returned to Jerusalem where King Amalric entrusted him with the literary education of his son Baldwin IV and encouraged him to write "Historia Orientalium Principum" (from the times of Mohammed till the XII century); the work was unfortunately lost. Upon the death of Rudolph, Bishop of Bethlehem and royal chancellor (1155-1174), King Amalric invited the archdeacon of Tyre to fill the vacant position. During the month of May of the same year he was unanimously elected Archbishop of Tyre and, after spending ten days of instruction with the Patriarch of Jerusalem, he was consecrated bishop in the Church of the Holy Sepulcher. In 1177 he was called to Rome for the Synod of Lateran, where he was in charge of editing the synodic Acts. He returned through Constantinoples where he spent seven months at the court of Emperor Manuel, then visited Antiochia and returned to Tyre in 1180, after twenty two months of absence from the archbishopric see. In 1184 he traveled to Rome again in order to defend himself against certain accusations, but he died after being poisoned by an emissary of his enemies. In writing the "Story of the Events in the Overseas Territories" William of Tyre used information from the contemporary chronicles but he also gathered information from the people who were playing a role in the political and military life of Jerusalem. He was also a spectator or an actor in the events of the last twenty years of his historiography. He divided his work in twenty three books, but the last one is not complete. Without any doubt, it is an invaluable contribution to the history of those decades. His historic narrative proceeds with calm, presenting the facts that were important and real; it is erudite and intelligent without ostentation. It uses terms that indicate prudence. modesty and pity even towards his personal enemies. The inaccuracies are very few. His Latin language, although not a model of classicism for his times, is a rather elegant language, which can be easily read and understood. Overall it is more correct than the Latin of his contemporaries; several paragraphs



are a model of syntax and style. But there are also tortuous paragraphs, full of redundant and unclear descriptions, ideas that are repeated with synonimous expressions. He abuses the participle; many adverbs are superfluous and are not used to render a nuance, but to achieve a certain harmony of accents. Alliterations abound; many times he makes the object act instead of the person. He alludes to topics presented in other paragraphs or changes topic within a given paragraph; all these are widespread deficiencies of the medieval writers. His work was printed for the first time in Basel in 1549 and 1564 and was then again included by Bongars in his "Gesta Dei per Francos" published in Hanover in 1611. The latter edition was included in the "Recueil des Historiens des Croisades" (vol. I, Paris, 1844) and in the "Patrologia Latina del Migne " (vol CCI, pp.201-892, an. 1855). It was soon translated, although slightly abbreviated, into French at the beginning of the XIII century, under the title of "Estoires d'Eracles empereure", because it started by mentioning the name of the Byzantine emperor. The success was so great that several anonymous writers published similar stories under the name of William of Tyre. One writer, more honest than the others, claimed to be the "continuator" of the Archbishop William's work. In the first ten chapters the author summarizes the most important events since the times of Mohammed, of Cosroe and Heracles till the times of the First Crusade. The eleventh chapter starts, like the majority of other chronicles, with the pilgrimage of Peter the Hermit, with Pope Urban II's call for the Crusade at Piacenza and Clermont and the arrival of the crusader army led by Godefroy de Bouillon. The excerpts selected for this presentation of the "Itinerari", which refer directly or indirectly to the pilgrims and the Holy Places, commence with the crusader army entering the Northern area of the future Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, and end with the twenty second book, which presents a large number of interesting details of the geography of the Holy Land. We know of eight Latin codices and scores of Franch codices. The authors of the "Recueil des Historiens des Croisades" considered the variants of four Latin codices and the Bongars' edition. The most relevant excerpts of this presentation are: the topographic description of Jerusalem and of other cities of the Latin kingdom; the delimitation of the Christian quarters of Jerusalem; the construction of various crusader castles; the pilgrimage of the Doge of Venice, of Emperor Konrad of Germany and of King Louis of France; the beginnings of the Hospitallers foundation by the Amalfitans; the geographic description of the four principalities of the Orient; the construction of the monastery of Bethany...

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Indice delle Illustrazioni List of Illustrations

● Page VIII - Map from the Manuscript of Leipzig - sec XI --- Page IX - Italiano

● Page 4 - The Church of the Holy Sepulcher (manuscript of Reggio Emilia) --- Page 5 - Italiano

● Page 93 - Map from the a sec. XII manuscript in the Biblioteca Vaticana

● Page 131 - Map from the Manuscript of Torino (sec. XII) --- Page 132 - Italiano

● Page 166 - Map from the Manuscript of Bruxelles --- Page 167 - Italiano

● Page 190 - Plan of Jerusalem at the time of the First Crusade --- Page 191 - Italiano

● Page 232 - Plan of Jerusalem (the Aldomarense Manuscript) --- Page 233 - Italiano

● Page 306 - Plan of Jerusalem (the Manuscript of Bruxelles) --- Page 307 - Italiano

● Page 312 - Crusaders guarding the Holy Sepulcher

● Page 314 - The plans of the two Churches of Saint George at Lidda

● Page 320 - Plan of the Crusader Churche at Bet-Nuba

● Page 330 - Fragments of a stone with Latin inscription belonging to the Milice of the Temple (sec XII)

● Page 338 - Crusader church built on the tombs of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob at Hebron

● Page 342 - Church of Saint Stephen in Jerusalem



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Itinera Hierosolymitana Crucesignatorum - Vol I_Absens,_C… · Itinera Hierosolymitana Crucesignatorum - Vol I ... There is however a significant piece of evidence: the Anonymous