IT6601 MOBILE COMPUTING.docx

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IT6601 MOBILE COMPUTING

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9

Mobile Computing Mobile Computing Vs i!eless Neto!"ing Mobile Computing

#ppli$%tions C&%!%$te!isti$s o' Mobile $omputing (t!u$tu!e o' Mobile Computing

#ppli$%tion) M#C P!oto$ols *i!eless M#C Issues +i,e- #ssignment ($&emes .%n-om

#ssignment ($&emes .ese!/%tion B%se- ($&emes)

UNIT II MOBILE INTERNET PROTOCOL AND TRANSPORT LAYER 9

O/e!/ie o' Mobile IP +e%tu!es o' Mobile IP e Me$&%nism in Mobile IP !oute

Optimi2%tion) O/e!/ie o' TCP3IP #!$&ite$tu!e o' TCP3IP4 #-%pt%tion o' TCP *in-o

Imp!o/ement in TCP Pe!'o!m%n$e)

UNIT III MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM 9

Glob%l (stem 'o! Mobile Communi$%tion 5G(M Gene!%l P%$"et .%-io (e!/i$e 5GP.(

Uni/e!s%l Mobile Tele$ommuni$%tion (stem 5UMT()

UNIT IV MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS 9

#-47o$ B%si$ Con$epts C&%!%$te!isti$s #ppli$%tions 8esign Issues .outing Essenti%l

o' T!%-ition%l .outing P!oto$ols Popul%! .outing P!oto$ols Ve&i$ul%! #- 7o$ neto!"s

5 V#NET M#NET Vs V#NET (e$u!it)

UNIT V MOBILE PLATFORMS AND APPLICATIONS 9

Mobile 8e/i$e Ope!%ting (stems (pe$i%l Const!%ins .e:ui!ements Comme!$i%l Mobile

Ope!%ting (stems (o't%!e 8e/elopment it; iO(< #n-!oi-< Bl%$"Be!!< *in-os P&one

MComme!$e (t!u$tu!e P!os Cons Mobile P%ment (stem (e$u!it Issues)


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UNIT I

INTRODUCTION

Mobile Computing Mobile Computing Vs i!eless Neto!"ing Mobile Computing

#ppli$%tions C&%!%$te!isti$s o' Mobile $omputing (t!u$tu!e o' Mobile Computing

#ppli$%tion) M#C P!oto$ols *i!eless M#C Issues +i,e- #ssignment ($&emes .%n-om

#ssignment ($&emes .ese!/%tion B%se- ($&emes)

Basic Concepts

Components o' % i!eless $ommuni$%tion sstem

T!%nsmitte!< !e$ei/e!< 'ilte!< %ntenn%< %mpli'ie!< mi,e!s

*i!eless Neto!"ing (t%n-%!-s 5T%ble1)1

ITU< IEEE %n- I(O

IEEE =0>)11 st%n-%!-s 5%


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Wireless Networi!" St#!$#r$s

%&% W'#t Is Mo(ile Co)*+ti!",

W'#t is o)*+ti!",

Ope!%tion o' $ompute!s 5o,'o!-s %-/%n$e le%!ne!@s -i$tion%!

W'#t is t'e )o(ile,

T&%t someone 3somet&ing $%n mo/e o! be mo/e- e%sil %n- :ui$"l '!om pl%$e to pl%$e

W'#t is )o(ile o)*+ti!",

Use!s it& po!t%ble $ompute!s still &%/e neto!" $onne$tions &ile t&e mo/e


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A si)*le $e.i!itio! o+l$ (e/Mobile Computing is using a computer (of one kind or

another) while on the move

A!ot'er $e.i!itio! o+l$ (e/Mobile Computing is when a (work) process is movedfrom a normal fixed position to a more dynamic position.

A t'ir$ $e.i!itio! o+l$ (e/Mobile Computing is when a work process is carried outsomewhere where it was not previously possible.

Co)*#riso! to Wire$ Net&

AWire$ Networs

4&ig& b%n-i-t&

4lo b%n-i-t& /%!i%bilit

4$%n listen on i!e

4&ig& poe! m%$&ines

4&ig& !esou!$e m%$&ines

4nee- p&si$%l

%$$ess5se$u!it

4lo -el%

4$onne$te- ope!%tion

AMo(ile Networs

4lo b%n-i-t&

4&ig& b%n-i-t& /%!i%bilit

4&i--en te!min%l p!oblem

4lo poe! m%$&ines

4lo !esou!$e m%$&ines

4nee- p!o,imit

4&ig&e! -el%

4-is$onne$te- ope!%tion

W'0 1o Mo(ile,

En%ble %n&e!e3%ntime $onne$ti/it

. B!ing $ompute! $ommuni$%tions to %!e%s it&out p!e4e,isting in'!%st!u$tu!e

. En%ble mobilit

. En%ble ne %ppli$%tions

. #n e,$iting ne !ese%!$& %!e%

%&2 Mo(ile Co)*+ti!" Vs Wireless Networi!"


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Evolution of Wireless LAN

1SM 51lo(#l S0ste) .or Mo(ile Co))+!i#tio!s< o!igin%ll Groupe Spcial Mobile< is %

st%n-%!- -e/elope- b t&e Eu!ope%n Tele$ommuni$%tions (t%n-%!-s Institute5ET(I to -es$!ibe

t&e p!oto$ols 'o! se$on-4gene!%tion 5>G -igit%l $ellul%! neto!"suse- b mobile p&ones< 'i!st-eploe- in +inl%n- in ul 1991) #s o' >01 it &%s be$ome t&e -e'%ult glob%l st%n-%!- 'o!

mobile $ommuni$%tions 4 it& o/e! 90D m%!"et s&%!e< ope!%ting in o/e! >19 $ount!ies %n-

te!!ito!ies)

>G neto!"s -e/elope- %s % !epl%$ement 'o! 'i!st gene!%tion 51G %n%log $ellul%! neto!"s< %n-

t&e G(M st%n-%!- o!igin%ll -es$!ibe- % -igit%l< $i!$uit4sit$&e- neto!" optimi2e- 'o! 'ull

-uple, /oi$e telep&on) T&is e,p%n-e- o/e! time to in$lu-e -%t% $ommuni$%tions< 'i!st b

$i!$uit4sit$&e- t!%nspo!t< t&en b p%$"et -%t% t!%nspo!t /i% GP.( 5Gene!%l P%$"et .%-io

(e!/i$es %n- E8GE5En&%n$e- 8%t% !%tes 'o! G(M E/olution o! EGP.()

(ubse:uentl< t&e GPP-e/elope- t&i!-4gene!%tion 5G UMT(st%n-%!-s 'olloe- b 'ou!t&4

gene!%tion 5G LTE #-/%n$e-st%n-%!-s< &i$& -o not 'o!m p%!t o' t&e ET(I G(M st%n-%!-)

Networ str+t+re

T&e neto!" is st!u$tu!e- into % numbe! o' -is$!ete se$tions;

B%se (t%tion (ubsstem t&e b%se st%tions %n- t&ei! $ont!olle!s e,pl%ine-

Neto!" %n- (it$&ing (ubsstem t&e p%!t o' t&e neto!" most simil%! to % 'i,e-

neto!"< sometimes Fust $%lle- t&e $o!e neto!"

GP.( Co!e Neto!" t&e option%l p%!t &i$& %llos p%$"et4b%se- Inte!net $onne$tions

Ope!%tions suppo!t sstem5O(( neto!" m%inten%n$e
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Telecommunications_Standards_Institutehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2Ghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_networkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_networkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1Ghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duplex_(telecommunications)#Full_duplexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duplex_(telecommunications)#Full_duplexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephonyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephonyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_packethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDGEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPPhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3Ghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMTShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4Ghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_Advancedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_Station_Subsystemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_Station_Subsystemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_and_Switching_Subsystemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS_Core_Networkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations_support_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2Ghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_networkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1Ghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duplex_(telecommunications)#Full_duplexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duplex_(telecommunications)#Full_duplexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephonyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_packethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDGEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPPhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3Ghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMTShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4Ghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_Advancedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_Station_Subsystemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_and_Switching_Subsystemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS_Core_Networkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations_support_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Telecommunications_Standards_Institute


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Base station subsystem

Main article: Base Station subsystem

GSM cell siteantennas in the Deutsches Museum, Munich, Germany

G(M is % $ellul%! neto!"< &i$& me%ns t&%t $ell p&ones$onne$t to it b se%!$&ing 'o! $ells in

t&e imme-i%te /i$init) T&e!e %!e 'i/e -i''e!ent $ell si2es in % G(M neto!"Hm%$!o< mi$!o)> "bit3s

$o-e$ t&%t uses % 'ull4!%te $&%nnel) +in%ll< it& t&e -e/elopment o' UMT(< E+. %s !e'%$to!e-

into % /%!i%ble4!%te $o-e$ $%lle- #M.4N%!!ob%n-


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T&e -e/elopment o' UMT( int!o-u$es %n option%l Uni/e!s%l (ubs$!ibe! I-entit Mo-ule

5U(IM< t&%t uses % longe! %ut&enti$%tion "e to gi/e g!e%te! se$u!it< %s ell %s mutu%ll

%ut&enti$%ting t&e neto!" %n- t&e use!< &e!e%s G(M onl %ut&enti$%tes t&e use! to t&e neto!"

5%n- not /i$e /e!s%) T&e se$u!it mo-el t&e!e'o!e o''e!s $on'i-enti%lit %n- %ut&enti$%tion< but

limite- %ut&o!i2%tion $%p%bilities< %n- no non4!epu-i%tion)

G(M uses se/e!%l $!ptog!%p&i$ %lgo!it&ms 'o! se$u!it) T&e #J31< #J3>< %n- #J3 st!e%m

$ip&e!s%!e use- 'o! ensu!ing o/e!4t&e4%i! /oi$e p!i/%$) #J31 %s -e/elope- 'i!st %n- is %

st!onge! %lgo!it&m use- it&in Eu!ope %n- t&e Unite- (t%tes #J3> is e%"e! %n- use- in ot&e!

$ount!ies) (e!ious e%"nesses &%/e been 'oun- in bot& %lgo!it&ms; it is possible to b!e%" #J3> in

!e%l4time it& % $ip&e!te,t4onl %tt%$"< %n- in %nu%! >00< T&e 7%$"e!s C&oi$e st%!te- t&e

#J31 $!%$"ing p!oFe$t it& pl%ns to use +PG#st&%t %llo #J31 to be b!o"en it& % !%inbo

t%ble %tt%$")K1=T&e sstem suppo!ts multiple %lgo!it&ms so ope!%to!s m% !epl%$e t&%t $ip&e!

it& % st!onge! one)

(in$e >000< -i''e!ent e''o!ts &%/e been -one in o!-e! to $!%$" t&e #J en$!ption %lgo!it&ms) Bot&

#J31 %n- #J3> %lgo!it&ms %!e b!o"en< %n- t&ei! $!pt%n%lsis &%s been $onsi-e!e- in t&e

lite!%tu!e) #s %n e,%mple< %!sten No&l -e/elope- % numbe! o' !%inbo t%bles5st%ti$ /%lues

&i$& !e-u$e t&e time nee-e- to $%!! out %n %tt%$" %n- &%/e 'oun- ne sou!$es 'o! "non

pl%inte,t %tt%$"s)K197e s%i- t&%t it is possible to buil- % 'ull G(M inte!$epto!)))'!om open4sou!$e

$omponents but t&%t t&e &%- not -one so be$%use o' leg%l $on$e!ns) K>0No&l $l%ime- t&%t &e

%s %ble to inte!$ept /oi$e %n- te,t $on/e!s%tions b impe!son%ting %not&e! use! to listen to

/oi$em%il< m%"e $%lls< o! sen- te,t mess%ges using % se/en4e%!4ol- Moto!ol%$ellp&one %n-

-e$!ption so't%!e %/%il%ble 'o! '!ee online)K>1

Ne %tt%$"s &%/e been obse!/e- t&%t t%"e %-/%nt%ge o' poo! se$u!it implement%tions>

G(M uses Gene!%l P%$"et .%-io (e!/i$e5GP.( 'o! -%t% t!%nsmissions li"e b!osing t&e eb)

T&e most $ommonl -eploe- GP.( $ip&e!s e!e publi$l b!o"en in >011)

T&e !ese%!$&e!s !e/e%le- 'l%s in t&e $ommonl use- GE#31 %n- GE#3> $ip&e!s %n- publis&e-

t&e open4sou!$e gp!s-e$o-e so't%!e 'o! sni''ingGP.( neto!"s) T&e %lso note- t&%t some$%!!ie!s -o not en$!pt t&e -%t% 5i)e)< using GE#30 in o!-e! to -ete$t t&e use o' t!%''i$ o!

p!oto$ols t&e -o not li"e 5e)g)< ("pe< le%/ing $ustome!s unp!ote$te-) GE#3 seems to !em%in

!el%ti/el &%!- to b!e%" %n- is s%i- to be in use on some mo!e mo-e!n neto!"s) I' use- it&

U(IM to p!e/ent $onne$tions to '%"e b%se st%tions %n- -ong!%-e %tt%$"s< use!s ill be

p!ote$te- in t&e me-ium te!m< t&oug& mig!%tion to 1>=4bit GE#3 is still !e$ommen-e-)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Mobile_Telecommunications_Systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Mobile_Telecommunications_Systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Subscriber_Identity_Modulehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-repudiationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A5/1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A5/2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A5/2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A5/3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A5/3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_cipherhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_cipherhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciphertext-only_attackhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Hacker%27s_Choice&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FPGAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_tablehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_tablehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_tablehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM#cite_note-18https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karsten_Nohlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_tablehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Known_plaintext_attackhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Known_plaintext_attackhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM#cite_note-19https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM#cite_note-19https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM#cite_note-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voicemailhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voicemailhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorolahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM#cite_note-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM#cite_note-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_softwarehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijack_attackhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijack_attackhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM#cite_note-22https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM#cite_note-22https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Servicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_analyzerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skypehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscriber_Identity_Modulehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fake_base_station&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downgrade_attackhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Mobile_Telecommunications_Systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Subscriber_Identity_Modulehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-repudiationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A5/1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A5/2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A5/3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_cipherhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_cipherhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciphertext-only_attackhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Hacker%27s_Choice&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FPGAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_tablehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_tablehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM#cite_note-18https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karsten_Nohlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_tablehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Known_plaintext_attackhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Known_plaintext_attackhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM#cite_note-19https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM#cite_note-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voicemailhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorolahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM#cite_note-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_softwarehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijack_attackhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM#cite_note-22https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Servicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_analyzerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skypehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscriber_Identity_Modulehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fake_base_station&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downgrade_attack


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