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UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALACENTRAL CAMPUSFACULTY OF ENGINEERINGSCHOOL OF SCIENCETECHNICAL LANGUAGE 1SECTION QVIVIAN CANO

PROJECT ONE

JOSE CARLOS HERNANDEZ CAJAS200819197

MYDELIN STEPHANIE VALLADARES LIMA201113845

MARIA JOSE SOTO201021070

GUATEMALA 7 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 2011


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INDEX

Index 2

Intoduction 3

Objectives 3

InvestigationDescription 4Operating system functions 4Operating system functions 5OPERATIVE SYSTEMS FOR MOBILE 5

Android 5Gingerbread 6Baidu Yi 6Intel 7IOS 8Blackberry OS 8

COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEM 9Linux 9Windows 10MAC OS 11Solaris 12Chrome OS 13

Conclusions 15

Bibliography 16

Annexes 17Vocabulary


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INTRODUCTIONAn operating system is a group of programs and data, that runs and manage computersresources.Common services are provided by OS for easy and correct execution of variousapplication software; it consist of many parts, like kernel, whiche controls how memory isread and written, the quantity of information is received and sent; the user interface (for

Windows), which can be graphical or textual.It is the most important software in a computer system, it is usefull tu run applicationsinteracting with the user. It communicates software with hardware ant its management.Actually, there are versions of Operating System for smartphones, video game consoles

and web servers.

OBJECTIVES

GENERALTry to explain the importance of Operating System in a computer system, and let the reader know the different

types of Operating System that can be found, like free software or licenced software, their advantages ordissadvantages.

Otherwise, try to explain the relation between software and hardware through Operating System.

SPECIFICSExplain the implementation of Operating System on smartphones and modern devices, but computers.

To show the importance of kernel of Operating System, like the controler of every transaction that the averageuser usually cannot see.

Explain the difference between free Operating System like Linux, and licenced one like Windows.


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OPERATIVE SYSTEM

An operating system (OS), basic software that controls a computer. OperatingSystem is itself a computer program. However, it is a very special program, perhaps themost complex and important in a computer. The OS wakes the computer does recognizethe CPU, memory, keyboard, video system and disk drives. It also provides the facility for

users to communicate with the computer and serves as a platform from which to runapplication programs.

The operating system consists of software that allows access and perform basicoperations on a personal computer or computer system in general. The most popularoperating systems are: AIX (IBM), GNU / Linux, HP-UX (HP), MacOS (Macintosh), Solaris(SUN Microsystems), different variants of BSD Unix (FreeBSD, OpenBSD .. .), and Windowsin its various forms (from Microsoft).

When you turn on a computer, the first thing it does is perform a self-called self test(Power On Self Test, POST). During POST, the computer identifies your memory, your disk,

your keyboard, your video system and any other device connected to it. The next thing thecomputer does is to look for an OS to boot (boot).

The operating system has three major functions: coordinates and manipulates thecomputer hardware such as memory, printers, disk drives, keyboard or mouse, organizesthe files on various storage devices like floppy disks, hard drives , CDs or tapes, andmanages hardware failures and data loss.

Functions and features of operating systems.

Operating system functions.

Accept all work and hold them until their completion.Interpretation of commands: Interprets the commands that allow users to communicatewith the computer.

Control of resources: Coordinates and manipulates the computer hardware such asmemory, printers, disk drives, keyboard or mouse.

Handling I / O devices S: Manage files in various storage devices like floppy disks,hard disks, CDs or tapes.

Error handling: Manages hardware failures and data loss.Sequence of tasks: The operating system must manage the way they dealt

processes. Define the order. (Who goes first and who later).Protection: Prevent a user's actions affect the work being done by another user.Multiaccess: A user can connect to another machine without having to be near her.Resource Accounting: sets the cost is charged to a user to use certain resources.

In a number of existing computer programs often coexist in the same or multiple users,running simultaneously. These programs compete for resources of the computer, theoperating system being responsible for arbitrating the allocation and use. To complementthe management of resources, the operating system must ensure the protection ofprograms against each other and will provide information on the use made of resources.


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Operating system functions

In general, one can say that an OS has the following characteristics:

Convenience. Operating System makes it more convenient to use a computer.

Efficiency. An operating system allows the computer resources are used in theostefficient manner possible.Ability to evolve. An operating system must be constructed so as to enable the

development, testing and effective introduction of new system functionswithoutinterfering with the service.

Responsible for managing the hardware. The OS handles bettermanageresources so as to computer hardware is concerned, that is, assign eachprocess a part of the processor to share resources.

Linking devices (managed by the kernel). The OS should be responsible forcommunicating to peripheral devices when the user requires it.

Organizing data for quick access and safe.

Manage communications network. The operating system allows the usertoeasily handle high everything related to the installation and use of computer networks.Processing bytes flow through the data busProvide inputs and outputs. An operating system must make it easy user accessand

management of input / output of the computer.

Now we can classify the operating systems as follows: Operative systems for mobile Computer operating systems

OPERATIVE SYSTEMS FOR MOBILEA mobile operating system, also known as a mobile OS, mobile software platform or ahandheld operating system, is the operating system that controls a mobile device orinformation appliance similar in principle to an operating system such as Windows, Mac OSX, or Linux distributions that controls a desktop computer or laptop. However, they arecurrently somewhat simpler, and deal more with the wireless versions of broadband andlocal connectivity, mobile multimedia formats, and different input methods.

Typical examples of devices running a mobile operating system are smartphones, personaldigital assistants (PDAs), tablet computers and information appliances, or what aresometimes referred to as smart devices, which may also include embedded systems, orother mobile devices and wireless devices.

Android:Is an operating system for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. It isdeveloped by the Open Handset Alliance led by Google.Google purchased the initial developer of the software, Android Inc., in 2005. The unveilingof the Android distribution on 5 November 2007 was announced with the founding of theOpen Handset Alliance, a consortium of 80 hardware, software, and telecommunicationcompanies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices Google released mostof the Android code under the Apache License, a free software license.[15] The Android Open
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_appliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distributionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_appliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Handset_Alliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Handset_Alliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_standardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_appliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distributionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_appliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_devicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Handset_Alliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Handset_Alliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_hardwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_standardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software_license


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Source Project (AOSP) is tasked with the maintenance and further development of Android.

Android consists of a kernel based on the Linux kernel, with middleware, libraries and APIswritten in C and application software running on an application framework which includesJava-compatible libraries based on Apache Harmony. Android uses the Dalvik virtualmachine withjust-in-time compilation to run compiledJava code. Android has a largecommunity of developers writing applications ("apps") that extend the functionality of the

devices. Developers write primarily in Java. There are currently more than 250,000 appsavailable for Android Market is the online app store run by Google, though apps can alsobe downloaded from third-party sites.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(software)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middlewarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_libraryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Harmonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalvik_virtual_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalvik_virtual_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-in-time_compilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(software)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middlewarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_libraryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_frameworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Harmonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalvik_virtual_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalvik_virtual_machinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-in-time_compilationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Market


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Gingerbread:HILADELPHIA (CBS) On todays APP-tastic and outta SITE the new Gingerbread operatingsystem from Google is the fastest version of Android to date.

Updates to androids interface and improved internet calling will make for a more enjoyableexperience. Watch out, with improved copy and paste and a new keyboard, you may betempted to eat your phone.

Baidu Yi:

Baidu quietly launched its own mobile operating system, named: Baidu easily. According tothe official website leaked screenshot you can see, a lot of Baidu's own built-in applicationservices, including Baidu search (networking can be used after a boot), Baidu, and Baiducloud maps, side, palm Baidu, easy Ting, Yi read and Baidu own mobile phone inputmethod. Look past the depth of the interface has been customized with Baidu's own genesinside, but like in the past should be built based on Android, there is no matching hardware

product releases. We hope to soon see the related emergence of smart phones and tabletPCs, but the built-in so many Baidu applications.


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Intel:

Unlikely partners Intel and Nokia have joined forces in an attempt to fend off increasingmobile competition from Google, Apple and Microsoft. The two companies have mergedtheir mobile OSes into one entity: MeeGo. You can expect the first mobile devices runningon MeeGo later this year.

MeeGo is a merger of Nokias Maemo OS and Intels Moblin OS, both of which are Linux-based. Maemo is the platform that runs the Nokia N900, while Moblin runs on phones suchas the LG GW990 and netbooks from Foxconn, Acer and others.

Overall though, both are small fries when compared to Googles Android platform orApples iPhone OS, which could be part of why Intel and Nokia felt it was necessary to teamup.

As for how the thing will work: Well, itll be built around the Moblin core OS, but it will utilize

Nokias Ovi Store for its apps. Itll be hosted by the Linux Foundation as an open-sourceproject. Oh, and MeeGo will not just be for mobile phones either, but is intended to work onnetbooks, tablets and televisions as well.

IOS:

IOS (formerly known as iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system from Apple originallydeveloped for the iPhone , then were used in all devices iPhone , iPod Touch and iPhone . It
http://meego.com/http://mashable.com/tag/maemo/http://mashable.com/category/android/http://mashable.com/mobile/iphonehttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com.gt&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.&usg=ALkJrhitIZWnkGQv--lL-YrQamRypvDpqghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com.gt&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone&usg=ALkJrhh_cr1ll2pM-bfP-n0y0FCppkPzZQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com.gt&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone&usg=ALkJrhh_cr1ll2pM-bfP-n0y0FCppkPzZQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com.gt&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPod_Touch&usg=ALkJrhhlP4jwqcubItUOa3qAYzV3tvRm6ghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com.gt&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPad&usg=ALkJrhhneY4vidsj0PbFT0WRs_ZpWTwBNQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com.gt&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.&usg=ALkJrhitIZWnkGQv--lL-YrQamRypvDpqghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com.gt&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone&usg=ALkJrhh_cr1ll2pM-bfP-n0y0FCppkPzZQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com.gt&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone&usg=ALkJrhh_cr1ll2pM-bfP-n0y0FCppkPzZQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com.gt&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPod_Touch&usg=ALkJrhhlP4jwqcubItUOa3qAYzV3tvRm6ghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com.gt&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPad&usg=ALkJrhhneY4vidsj0PbFT0WRs_ZpWTwBNQhttp://meego.com/http://mashable.com/tag/maemo/http://mashable.com/category/android/http://mashable.com/mobile/iphone


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is a derivative ofMac OS X , which in turn is based on Darwin BSD . The IOS has 4 layers ofabstraction : the layer of the operating system kernel, the layer of "Core Services" layer"Media" and layer "Cocoa Touch". The whole system is in the partition "/ root" deviceoccupies less than 500 megabytes

Blackberry OS:Blackberry is a proprietary mobile operating system, developed by Research In Motion forits BlackBerry line of smartphone handheld devices. The operating system providesmultitasking and supports specialized input devices that have been adopted by RIM for usein its handhelds, particularly the trackwheel, trackball, and most recently, the trackpad andtouchscreen.

Computer
http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com.gt&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_X&usg=ALkJrhi3RyMyRMqaLjE9hmJ8fkWB0B_OqQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com.gt&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_BSD&usg=ALkJrhhmk9J8_I2-fQjAPuZp_5lwGA92Mwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com.gt&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capa_de_abstracci%25C3%25B3n&usg=ALkJrhje0S9-hBVPE9-x2jl8Nlnqw6TY0ghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com.gt&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capa_de_abstracci%25C3%25B3n&usg=ALkJrhje0S9-hBVPE9-x2jl8Nlnqw6TY0ghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com.gt&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megabytes&usg=ALkJrhgRXz5xCaop27WQvsQYDK7ASwNhZghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com.gt&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_X&usg=ALkJrhi3RyMyRMqaLjE9hmJ8fkWB0B_OqQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com.gt&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_BSD&usg=ALkJrhhmk9J8_I2-fQjAPuZp_5lwGA92Mwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com.gt&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capa_de_abstracci%25C3%25B3n&usg=ALkJrhje0S9-hBVPE9-x2jl8Nlnqw6TY0ghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com.gt&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capa_de_abstracci%25C3%25B3n&usg=ALkJrhje0S9-hBVPE9-x2jl8Nlnqw6TY0ghttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=es&langpair=es%7Cen&rurl=translate.google.com.gt&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megabytes&usg=ALkJrhgRXz5xCaop27WQvsQYDK7ASwNhZg


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COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEMSLINUX:The most usual is that when we hear someone comment that has Linux on your computerwhich is really telling us is that you have a computer running under an operating systemthat uses a kernel designed by Linus Torvalds and his team of developers. Operatingsystems are programs that are essentially three types of applications inside: a kernel or

kernel, a set of applications (programs) and a terminal or shell to the kernel that allowsinteraction and applications to each other. The kernel performs the basic functions so thateverything else works, ie it is able, for example, sending a signal that causes a reaction in ahardware device to receive an instruction of a program or application.Linux itself is a program-kernel does not work alone. Need applications thatinterfacing. Therefore, at first it was a mistake to talk about Linux, period, but now the erroris so widespread that it has given new meaning to the word.Today may be worth saying"Linux" to refer to an operating system that runs under the Linux kernel.When it comes to Linux there is another concept that we must take into account tounderstand their structure and function. Linux could not have developed without theinfluence of UNIX systems, and the division that produces the software with the rise of

proprietary software (or reestrictivo) and free software.During the 70's, institutions /companies that developed the UNIX system decided to end the climate of free exchangethat existed between the academic communities in sharing their work on UNIX andcontinuous improvement (as we passed through more hands, more ideas were emerging toimprove the code). A group of developers opposed the new concept of software as anintellectual property subject to the classic design. The idea was to develop their ownprograms already operating in UNIX but writing from 0. It was replace by a full UNIXsoftware but equally valid alternative. As the authors themselves would, could create acopyright license that was not as restrictive as proprietary software. The work of thesedevelopers are altruistic, and draws thousands of user community remunierado not sharetheir work, who combine paid work with.It could be said that these early developers,pioneers of what we now understand as a Linux operating system, were left tabs "for thelove." The UNIX release project was realized with GNU (GNU is not meaning UNIX). Theycreated the GNU as a way to guarantee the freedom of their work for further developmentin the hands of the community.In the early 90's the GNU project had made virtually all the applications needed to run anoperating system. But they lacked the key, the kernel. For the sake of the GNU projectchoice for a kernel (called Hurt) was not finished. Stallman explains that chose aninnovative code instead of trying to make a kernel the traditional way, and had manydifficulties. At the same time, a Finnish student, Linus, developed their own kernel, whichtogether with all applications "liberated" by permitting the GNU operating more or lessstable operating system. He was born GNU / Linux, and soon began to expand byacademics and professionals.Since then many projects arise decide to publish their work with open licenses.Differentprojects will provide software packages that run on Linux. Are distributions.Today there are many Linux distributions. Each can include any number of other software(free or not) as some that provide system installation and a huge variety of applications,including GUI, office suites, web servers, mail servers, FTP servers and so on.The base of each distribution includes the Linux kernel, libraries and tools from the GNUproject and many other projects / software groups, such as BSD, Xorg, Apache, MySQL,


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PostgreSQL, Perl, Python, PHP and KDE.Usually uses the platform XFree86 or X. Org to support graphical interfaces.


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WINDOWS:It all started with a Microsoft product called Interface Manager, which presented the publicwith a November 10, 1983, it was renamed after the name we know it today: Windows. In1985 was released the first version of Windows; quite ugly by today's standards, but back

then it stood to catch up on what he meant to graphical interfaces, Apple and others likehim had, and there were also other graphical interfaces such as Vision and GEM. Back thenit was not even an entire operating system, but rather a graphical user interface (GUI,Graphical User Interface) that ran on DOS, and it sold for $ 99, which if my calculations donot fail me was quite money back then. However, Windows 1.0 was not exactly asuccess. Neither was Windows 2.0 (by the way was the first Windows I used, long time ago)had to get Windows 3.0 for the windows system started to have some success in themarket, which was cemented by the arrival of Windows 3.11 for Workgroups, which was agolden period for this operating system.Would later Windows 95 with its new graphical interface and the so called "Plug and Play"(plug and play), which many called him "Plug and Pray" (plug and pray) because of its quiteerratic results. However, Windows 95 was important because it meant radical changes tothe interior and exterior of the windows system, and eventually became the mostsuccessful operating system ever produced so far. It was followed by Windows 98, whichhad many improvements, among which may be mentioned web integration andimprovements to the shell (the Quick Launch Bar, Active Desktop, and others).We mustalso count in this section to Windows 98 Second Edition, which cemented the reign ofWindows 98 and was another golden age.Then came a tremendous mistake, one that even today still generates stories anddiscussions: Windows Me was harshly criticized for its poor stability and low reliability dueto problems such as freezing and frequent errors, which was the short-lived had, which wasjust over a year.After the failure of Windows Me, Microsoft Windows XP redeemed, which would initiate anew period of icing on the cake as it relates to Windows. Windows XP was based on thearchitecture and the Windows NT kernel (version of Windows for servers). Windows XP'ssuccess was such that today is the operating system used to access Internet (but willplummet), and there are still many people using it today and do not wantchanged. Windows XP was a radical change in the architecture of Windows, including manyimprovements that still today are echoed in later versions of Windows. Unfortunately, whilehe was in service for many years, has always been plagued by security problems in the


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area that always needs constant attention. However, despite all these problems remainsthe most popular Windows so far.But then Microsoft made another error, this time called Windows Vista. One of the mainproblems with Vista were its high hardware requirements, particularly of memory andprocessor, all this led to demands by the famous label "Windows Vista Capable" computersthat came with XP, the idea was that thewere buying hardware that would support Vista

when it hit the market ... but buyers had to take a bitter pill when they installed Vista andfound that literally dragged their teams mercilessly. He was also to introduce the WindowsUser Account Control (UAC, User Account Control), which at first is a rather annoyingfeature, but well used may be useful in certain cases. Vista had some improvement withService Packs 1 and 2, but the damage was done: the perception of people, Vistasucked. And nobody could change that, not even Microsoft.Microsoft's response was to set aside and remove the Vista which I think is the bestWindows they have done: Windows 7, which includes features of Windows Vista that wereaccepted by users as well as many improvements in speed and usability as well andstability. The reception was overwhelmingly positive in both media and users, and sohelped him to be convincing to those who are still in Windows XP to migrate their systems

to the most current version.We arrived at 2010 and what follows in line is (predictably) Windows 8, on which Microsoftis working right now and much has been rumored, Windows 8 is expected to hit the marketbetween 2011 and 2012 (if Mayans left), and the characteristics that are expected to haveto do with higher performance, application store, facial recognition technology and touchsupport.In all versions, Windows is currently running at 90% of the computers, which is beyond theadjective "dominant", as has been given. However, it is difficult to Windows will haveanother 25 years on the market: trends now seems that tend to operate more operatingsystems with the cloud, with the Internet. Be seen as Windows gets into that world, onethat Microsoft has been quick to attack and that has cost a lot.

MAC OS:It is the newest line of Apple operating systems. Although officially designated as "version10" Mac OS has a history largely independent of previous versions of Mac OS. It is thesuccessor to Mac OS 9 and Mac OS Classic. This is a Unix operating system, based on theNeXTSTEP operating system and the Mach kernel that Apple acquired after the purchase of


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NeXT, returning its CEO Steve Jobs to Apple at this time. Mac OS X also makes use of BSDcode base. There have been seven significant releases of the client version, the mostrecent Mac OS X 10.7, known as Mac OS X Lion.And client versions, Mac OS X also has had six significant releases, such as a server versioncalled Mac OS X Server. The first, Mac OS X Server 1.0 was released in beta in 1999. Theserver versions are in architecture, identical to the client versions, with the difference in

the inclusion of server management tools, including tools for managing systems based onMac OS X as workgroup servers, servers mail and web servers, among other tools. It iscurrently the default operating system for the Xserve server hardware, and as an optionalfeature in the Mac Mini, and installable in most other Macs. Unlike the client version, MacOS X Server can run on a virtual machine using emulation software like Parallels Desktop.Mac OS X is also the basis of IOS, formerly known as the OS of the iPhone, iPod Touch andIPad and the basis for the operating system used on Apple TV.

SOLARIS:Plans to make a free version of Solaris began in early 2004. Formed a multidisciplinaryteam to consider all aspects of the project license, business models, management, co-development and analysis of source code, tools, marketing, design and development of the

community. An experimental software [citation needed] was formed in September 2004with 18 people who were not members of Sun and worked for nine months, in which 145participants came from outside.The opening of Solaris source code has been a process that has been increasing. The firstpart of the Solaris code base was released was the dynamic tracing facility in Solaris(commonly known as DTrace), a tool for administrators and developers who support thesystem for optimal operation and use. DTrace was released on January 25, 2005. At thattime, Sun also launched the first phase of the opensolaris.org website, announcing that theOpenSolaris code base would be released under the CDDL, and announced the intent to


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form the Community Advisory Board (CAB). On launch day, in which the Solaris systemcode was released, was June 14, 2005. Still a code system that is not released, and is onlyavailable as binary files. The OpenSolaris source code represents the structure of the latestdevelopment release.Five members of the CAB were announced on April 4, 2005: two were elected by theexperimental community, two were appointed by Sun, and one was designated by the open

source community by Sun. Members of the Advisory Council of the OpenSolaris communityin 2005/2006 were Roy Fielding, Al Hopper, Rich Teer, Casper Dik, and Simon Phipps. OnFebruary 10, 2006 Sun OpenSolaris signed the letter, 6 becoming an independentcommunity of OpenSolaris under the direction of OpenSolaris governing board (OGB) .7 Theprevious CAB became the first OGB with the task of creating and to confirm thegovernment of the OpenSolaris community no later than June 30, 2006. The work ofcreating the document or the "constitution" of the government was in place led by agovernment working group covered by the OGB and three guests, Stephen Hahn and KeithWesolowski (developers in the organization of Sun Solaris) and Ben Rockwood (prominentmember of the OpenSolaris Community). However, problems with Oracle's vision of thesystem led to the dissolution of their comit.8

Solaris source code (with a few exceptions) has been released under the CDDL (CommonDevelopment and License Distribution) as a free software project under the nameOpenSolaris.The CDDL license has been approved by the Open Source Initiative (OSI) as an open sourcelicense by the FSF as a free software license (although incompatible with the popularfranchise GPL7).The basis of OpenSolaris was fed the June 14, 2005 from the then-current developmentcode base of Solaris. You can download and license binary versions as well as source codeat no cost. In addition, the project has been added to Open Solaris code to support futurefeatures Xen. Sun has announced that future versions of Solaris will be derived fromOpenSolaris.

CHROM OS:The first characteristic that stands out is Google, your operating system is anopen sourceproject at no cost. Like the Google Chrome browser that has theChromium project asthe project is open for development, Google Chrome withChromium OS OS as open sourceproject for its development. Google alsostresses that its user interface is simple, fast andsafe, because their main toolin use is the Google Chrome browser. The operating system


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is designed so that users can connect to the Internet in seconds. With support for x86 andARMprocessors, and support a growing list of hardware and softwareChrome OS is designed in a minimalist way, because their main tool istheGoogle Chrome web browser. Thus, the company plans to move much of theuserinterface from a desktop environment to the Internet. In fact, Google refers toits Chrome OS project as a natural extension of the Chrome browser. In other statements to

an audience of developers, Google stresses that the web is the platform, noting that Web-based applications work in Chrome and vice versa


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CONCLUSIONS

try to cover a little of all operating systems available, but be very extensive only did a briefoverview of each, so that the reader understand what is the difference between each

We understand that operating systems are handled diferenes way for mobilecomputers that

la diferencia entre computadoras y celulares se va cerrando cada vez mas, como va avanzando la tecnologia sevan volviendo mas potente los dispositivos moviles y asi tambien el software se va desarrollando para ellos

The kernel is responsible for controlling the various components andthroughoptimized performance drivers

The huge difference with these two operating systems is that one is free andopensource distribution and the other is exclusive and proprietary code


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Gartner Says Worldwide Mobile Phone Sales Grew 35 Percent in Third Quarter 2010;

Smartphone Sales Increased 96 Percent". Gartner, Inc. 2010-11-10. Table 2. Retrieved2011-02-21.

http://news.cnet.com/8301-13506_3-20084745-17/alibaba-os-powered-handset-

launching-this-month/

Gartner: Android leads, Windows Phone lags in Q1".

www.linux.com

http://cdn.viajeros.com/siteunders/diarios_index_20110509c.html?utm_source=mono&utm_medium=su&utm_campaign=diarios

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos/sosolaris/sosolaris.shtml
http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1466313http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1466313http://www.linux.com/http://cdn.viajeros.com/siteunders/diarios_index_20110509c.html?utm_source=mono&utm_medium=su&utm_campaign=diarioshttp://cdn.viajeros.com/siteunders/diarios_index_20110509c.html?utm_source=mono&utm_medium=su&utm_campaign=diarioshttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos/sosolaris/sosolaris.shtmlhttp://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1466313http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1466313http://www.monografias.com/trabajos/sosolaris/sosolaris.shtmlhttp://cdn.viajeros.com/siteunders/diarios_index_20110509c.html?utm_source=mono&utm_medium=su&utm_campaign=diarioshttp://cdn.viajeros.com/siteunders/diarios_index_20110509c.html?utm_source=mono&utm_medium=su&utm_campaign=diarioshttp://www.linux.com/


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ANNEXESGLOSSARY

LINUX: It is a computer operating system which is based on free and open sourcesoftware. Although many different varieties of Linux exist, all are Unix-like and basedon the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel created in 1992 by Linus Torvalds.Linux can be installed on a wide variety of computer hardware, ranging from mobilephones, tablet computers, routers and video game consoles, to desktop computers,mainframes and supercomputers. Linux is a leading server operating system, andruns the 10 fastest supercomputers in the world.

UNIX: It is a multitasking, multi-user computer operating system originallydeveloped in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs, including KenThompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna. TheUnix operating system was first developed in assembly language, but by 1973 hadbeen almost entirely recoded in C, greatly facilitating its further development andporting to other hardware. Today's Unix systems are split into various branches,

developed over time by AT&T as well as various commercial vendors and non-profitorganizations. The second edition of Unix was released on December 6th, 1972.

MICROSOFT WINDOWS: It is a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft.Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20,1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical userinterfaces (GUIs). Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personalcomputer market, overtaking Mac OS, which had been introduced in 1984. As ofOctober 2009, Windows had approximately 90% of the market share of the clientoperating systems for usage on the Internet.The most recent client version of Windows is Windows 7; the most recent server

version is Windows Server 2008 R2; the most recent mobile version is WindowsPhone 7.

SOLARIS: It is a Unix operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems. Itsuperseded their earlier SunOS in 1993. Oracle Solaris, as it is now known, has beenowned by Oracle Corporation since Oracle's acquisition of Sun in January 2010.Solaris is known for its scalability, especially on SPARC systems, and for originatingmany innovative features such as DTrace, ZFS and Time Slider. Solaris supportsSPARC-based and x86-based workstations and servers from Sun and other vendors,with efforts underway to port to additional platforms. Solaris is registered ascompliant with the Single Unix Specification

PLATFORM: It is a term for technology that enables the creation of products andprocesses that support present or future development. It establishes the long-termcapabilities of research & development institutes.

API: It is a particular set of rules ('code') and specifications that software programscan follow to communicate with each other. It serves as an interface betweendifferent software programs and facilitates their interaction, similar to the way theuser interface facilitates interaction between humans and computers.


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GUI: It is that part of a program that communicates with the user through graphicalrepresentations. Before the advent of modern graphics card,software interfacebased on the representation of information using alphanumericcharacters and some special characters that allowed to draw boxes of color todifferentiate the different program areas (representation of tables, results of

operations, areas of editing, etc.).

MAC OS: It is a series of graphical user interface-based operating systemsdeveloped by Apple Inc. (formerly Apple Computer, Inc.) for their Macintosh line ofcomputer systems. The Macintosh user experience is credited with popularizing thegraphical user interface. The original form of what Apple would later name the "MacOS" was the integral and unnamed system software first introduced in 1984 with theoriginal Macintosh, usually referred to simply as the System software.

BIOS: It is a class of storage medium used in computers and other electronicdevices. Data stored in ROM cannot be modified, or can be modified only slowly or

with difficulty, so it is mainly used to distribute firmware (software that is veryclosely tied to specific hardware, and unlikely to need frequent updates).

ROM: It is a class of storage medium used in computers and other electronicdevices. Data stored in ROM cannot be modified, or can be modified only slowly orwith difficulty, so it is mainly used to distribute firmware (software that is veryclosely tied to specific hardware, and unlikely to need frequent updates).

KERNEL: It is the main component of most computer operating systems; it is abridge between applications and the actual data processing done at the hardwarelevel. The kernel's responsibilities include managing the system's resources (the

communication between hardware and software components). Usually as a basiccomponent of an operating system, a kernel can provide the lowest-level abstractionlayer for the resources (especially processors and I/O devices) that applicationsoftware must control to perform its function. It typically makes these facilitiesavailable to application processes through inter-process communication mechanismsand system calls.

FIRMWARE: It is a term often used to denote the fixed, usually rather small,programs and/or data structures that internally control various electronic devices.Typical examples of devices containing firmware range from end-user products suchas remote controls or calculators, through computer parts and devices like harddisks, keyboards, TFT screens or memory cards, all the way to scientificinstrumentation and industrial robotics. Also more complex consumer devices, suchas mobile phones, digital cameras, synthesizers, etc., contain firmware to enable thedevice's basic operation as well as implementing higher-level functions.

CPU: it is the portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of acomputer program, to perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/outputoperations of the system. The CPU plays a role somewhat analogous to the brain in


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the computer. The term has been in use in the computer industry at least since theearly 1960s. The form, design and implementation of CPUs have changeddramatically since the earliest examples, but their fundamental operation remainsmuch the same.

MULTITASKING: It is a method where multiple tasks, also known as processes,

share common processing resources such as a CPU. In the case of a computer with asingle CPU, only one task is said to be running at any point in time, meaning that theCPU is actively executing instructions for that task. Multitasking solves the problemby scheduling which task may be the one running at any given time, and whenanother waiting task gets a turn. The act of reassigning a CPU from one task toanother one is called a context switch. When context switches occur frequentlyenough the illusion of parallelism is achieved. Even on computers with more thanone CPU (called multiprocessor machines), multitasking allows many more tasks tobe run than there are CPUs.

RAM: It is a form of computer data storage. Today, It Takes The Form of

integratedcircuits allow stored data to That be accessed in order and Stock WithA worst case performance of constant time. Strictly speaking,modern types of DRAM arenot random access THEREFORE, as data is readin bursts, although the nameDRAM / RAM you stuck. Howeve, Many types of SRAM,ROM, OTP, and NORflash random access are still ina strict sense Even. Often associated with RAMis volatile types of memory(DRAM memory modules Suchas), storedinformation is WHERE ITS lost if the power is removed. Many other types of non-volatile memory are RAM as well, Including MOST types of ROM and a typeofflash memory Called NOR-Flash. The first RAM modules tocome Into the marketcreated in 1951 and Were Were Until

the late 1960s sold and early 1970s.

SWAP: It is the file system for Linux swap partition. All systems needa Linux partition to load these programs and does not overwhelm the RAM whenit exceeds itscapacity. In Windows, this is done with the file pagefile.sys on the samepartitionof work, the problems involved.

VIRTUAL MEMORY: It is a memory management technique developedfor multitasking kernels. This technique virtualizes acomputer architecture's variousforms of computer data storage (such as random-access memory and disk storage),allowing a programto be designed as though there is only one kind of memory,

"virtual" memory, which behaves like directly addressable read/write memory (RAM).

DRIVERS: It is the software dedicated to communication between the hardware andthe various programs we are using for optimal performance

CACHE: It is a component that transparently stores data so that future requests forthat data can be served faster. The data that is stored within a cache might bevalues that have been computed earlier or duplicates of original values that are
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(computing)


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stored elsewhere. If requested data is contained in the cache (cache hit), thisrequest can be served by simply reading the cache, which is comparatively faster.Otherwise (cache miss), the data has to be recomputed or fetched from its originalstorage location, which is comparatively slower. Hence, the more requests can beserved from the cache the faster the overall system performance is

VIRTUALIZATION: It is the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version ofsomething, such as a hardware platform, operating system, a storage device ornetwork resources.

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