7/27/2019 It Assignment by

1/15

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYFOR MANAGERTo:- A.K Chaubey

By:- Aditya Chauhan

Section-D

MBA-IB(Sem1)

7/27/2019 It Assignment by

2/15

GPRS

General packet radio service (GPRS) is A packetoriented mobile data service on the 2g and 3g cellularcommunication system global system for mobilecommunication.

Gprs usage is typically changed based on volume ofdata tranferred contrasting with ciruit switched.

The transmission is digital and isup to 115 kbps, whilegsm has transmission up to 9.6 kbps. Anotherimportantfeature of GPRS is that there is no dial-upconnection to be completed for dataaccess.

7/27/2019 It Assignment by

3/15

Protocols Supported

Internet protocol (IP) in practice, built in mobile browser use IPV4since IPV6 was not yet popular.

Point to point protocol (ppp). In this mode PPP is often not supported

by the mobilephone operater but if the mobile is used as A modem to

the connected computer, PPP is used to tunnel IP to the phone. This

allows an IP address to be assigned dynamically (IPCP not DHCP) to

the mobile equipment.

X.25 connections. This is typically used for applications like wirelesspayment terminals, although it has been removed from the

standard. X.25 can still be supported over PPP, or even over IP, but

doing this requires either A network-based router to perform

encapsulation or intelligence built in to the end-device/terminal; E.G.,

User equipment (UE).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_operatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_operator

7/27/2019 It Assignment by

4/15

7/27/2019 It Assignment by

5/15

Technology Behind GPRS

New type of voice coder that turns voice into digital signals

before they pass across the wireless network. The vocoder

uses adaptive multi-rate speech transcoding (AMR)

technology, which can handle twice as many simultaneous

voice calls as a network that uses the old vocoder.

GPRS supports peak download data rates of up to 115 kbps,

with average speeds of 40 to 50 kbps, which is comparable to

other 2.5G technologies, such as CDMA2000 1x. GPRS speeds

are fast enough for applications such as multimediamessaging service (MMS) and a web browsing experience

comparable to a wired dial-up modem

7/27/2019 It Assignment by

6/15

GPRS Architecture

7/27/2019 It Assignment by

7/15

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

Code division multiple access(cdma) is a channelaccess method used by various radio communicationtechnologies.

Cdma is an example of multiple access, which is

where several transmitters can send informationsimultaneously over a single communicationchannel. This allows several users to share a band offrequencies.

Cdma is used as the access method in many mobilephone standards such as cdmaone, cdma2000(the 3g evolution of cdmaone), and wcdma (the 3gstandard used by gsm carriers), which are oftenreferred to as simply cdma.

7/27/2019 It Assignment by

8/15

Uses

One of the early applications for code divisionmultiplexing is in GPS. This predates and is distinctfrom its use in mobile phones.

The qualcomm standard is-95, marketed as cdmaone.

The qualcomm standard is-2000, known as cdma2000.This standard is used by several mobile phonecompanies, including the globalstarsatellitephone network.

The umts 3g mobile phone standard, which uses w-cdma.

Cdma has been used in the omnitracs satellite systemfor transportation logistics.

7/27/2019 It Assignment by

9/15

Impementing CDMA Technology

7/27/2019 It Assignment by

10/15

Global System for Mobile

Communications(GSM)

GSM (global system for mobile communications,

originally groupe spcial mobile), is a standard set developed

by the european telecommunications standards institute(etsi)

to describe protocols for second generation (2G)

digital cellular networks used by mobile phones. It becamethe de facto global standard for mobile communications

with over 80% market share.

The gsm standard was developed as a replacement for first

generation (1g) analog cellular networks, and originallydescribed a digital, circuit-switched network optimized for full

duplex voice telephony. This was expanded over time to

include data communications, first by circuit-switched

transport, thenpacket data transport via gprs(general packetradio services) and EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM

7/27/2019 It Assignment by

11/15

Further improvements were made when the 3GPP developed third

generation (3G) UMTS standards followed by fourth generation

(4G) LTE advanced standards.

GSM networks operate in a number of different carrier frequency

ranges (separated into GSM frequency ranges for 2G and UMTS

frequency bands for 3G), with most 2G GSM networks operating in

the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands. Where these bands were alreadyallocated, the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands were used instead (for

example in Canada and the United States). In rare cases the 400 and

450 MHz frequency bands are assigned in some countries because

they were previously used for first-generation systems

Most 3G networks in Europe operate in the 2100 MHz frequency

band. For more information on worldwide GSM frequency usage,

see GSM frequency bands.

7/27/2019 It Assignment by

12/15

Regardless of the frequency selected by an operator, it is divided

into timeslots for individual phones. This allows eight full-rate or

sixteen half-rate speech channels per radio frequency. These eight

radio timeslots (or burst periods) are grouped into a TDMA frame.Half-rate channels use alternate frames in the same timeslot. The

channel data rate for all 8 channels is 270.833 kbit/s, and the frame

duration is 4.615 ms.

The transmission power in the handset is limited to a maximum of

2 watts in gsm 850/900 and 1 watt in gsm 1800/1900.

7/27/2019 It Assignment by

13/15

Technical Details

7/27/2019 It Assignment by

14/15

GSM VS. CDMA

7/27/2019 It Assignment by

15/15

CDMA GSM