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EckCUneday\tKitéfødl;mnÞIrRsuknigXuMTUTaMgRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa elx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
sarsMxan;énkarbNþúHbNþalRKÚmUldæan nigsa®sþacarü
karsþaeLIgvijshKmn_cam bnÞab;BIrbbExμrRkhm
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esμrelxenH ³ Xag esgehOn/ Em:n BiciRt/ e)a: Kwmhuk/ sYs skl/ Xut dalIn/ r:Unit GarI/ G‘n vNÑar:a/ G‘uk esaP½NÐ
GñkniBn§nigRsavRCav ³ Tav sar³muninÞ nig eqg ev:g GñkbkERb ³ ln; c½nÞsuciRta niBn§naykTUeTA ³ qaMg yu CMnYykarniBn§nayk ³ esam
b‘unfn RkahVikkuMBüÚT½r ³ esam b‘unfn RKb;RKgkarEckpSay ³ sn l½kç Email: [email protected], Homepage:
www.dccam.org, www.cambodiasri.org, www.truthcambodia.com
elx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
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matika
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u KMrUrbs;mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCasRmab;cgRkgÉksar>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>3
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u ykcitþTukdak;e)assMGatxμaMgsuIrUgépÞkñúg[s¥atdac;xat >>>>>>>>>>>>>>19
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u ´enArs;ranmanCIvitedaysarG‘Yn >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>25
u bMePøcmin)an>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>29
u ´mincg;sgswkeT >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>31
u enA Gag GtIteyaFaExμrRkhmtMbn;25 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>33
u Cab;KukedayKμanmUlehtu >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>35
u )a:´minEdldwgfamankarsmøab;mnusSenaHeT >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>37
u bgRbússøab;edaysarkarraykarN_ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>39
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manPaBRbesIreLIg. eKalbMNgrbs;eyIgKWeFVIy:agNa[
ÉksarmanPaBgayRsÜlkñúgkarerobcM nigcat;EcgeTAtam
cMNat;fñak;CasMNuM².
bNÑsardæanrbs;eyIgmanÉksaresÞIrTaMgGs;Edl
pliteLIgedayExμrRkhmb¤smÖarP½sþútagcgRkgTukbnÞab;BI
ehtukarN_)anekIteLIg dUcCa jtþi kMNt;RtasmÖasn_Ca
mYyGtItExμrRkhm nig sakSIénkarrMelaPbMBan. CabEnßm
eyIgkan;kab;smuc½©yCaÉksarsMxan;lMdab;TIBIrCaeRcInEdr.
1¦ smuc½©y I (I-collection) rbs;eyIgEdlTak;Tgnwg
ÉksarRbvtþirUb manrhUtdl;eTA 11>060 ÉksarEdl
esμInwg 59>242TMB½r ehIyRtÚv)ancuHbBa¢IÉksarCaRbBn§½
nigbBa©ÚlkñúgRbBn§½Tinñn½yEpñkRbvtþirUbeRsc)ac;taMgBIqñaM
2004 mkemø:H. ÉksarTaMgenHKWsMNuMÉksarEdleFVI
eLIgedayExμrRkhm enAeBlEdlmankarerIsmnusS[cUl
beRmIGgÁkar.
2¦ smuc½©y K (K-collection) rbs;eyIgEdlTak;Tgnwg
ÉksarRbvtþirUb manrhUtdl;eTA9>341Éksar EdlesμI
nwg 16>335TMB½r ehIyRtÚv)ancuHbBa¢I nigbBa©ÚlkñúgRbBn§½
Tinñn½yEpñkRbvtþirUbeRsc)ac;taMgEtBIqñaM2004.
3¦ smuc½©y L (L-collection) rbs;eyIgEdlTak;Tgnwg
Éksarsm½y ln; nl; ¬1970-75 munrbbExμrRkhm¦
manrhUtdl;eTA 8>715 ÉksarEdlesμInwg 42>484
TMB½r.
4¦ smuc½©y D (D-collection) rbs;eyIgmanÉksar
cRmúH dUcCa ÉksarevotNam Éksarcin esovePAkMNt;
rbs;ExμrRkhm TUrelx cemøIysarPaB Éksar Edl)anmk
BIbNÑsardæanCatiTak;TgnwgÉksarBaNiC¢kmμkñúgrbbExμr
Rkhm nigÉksarEdl)anmkBIGñkRsavRCavCan;x<s;elak
David Hawk. ÉksarRbePTenHmanrhUtdl;eTA 74>209
ÉksarEdlesμInwg 379>069 TMB½r. kñúgcMeNamÉksar
TaMgenaH ÉksarcMnYn 67>047 esμInwg 345>909 TMB½r
RtÚv)aneFVIkarcuHbBa¢IrYcral;ehIy. eyIgenAbnþcuHbBa¢I
ÉksarCaRbBn§½ nigbBa©ÚlÉksarEdlenAesssl;cUl
eTAkñúgRbBn§½Tinñn½yEpñkbBa¢IesovePAenAedImqñaM2015.
5¦ smuc½©y R (R-collection) rbs;eyIgEdlTak;Tg
nwgÉksarrNsirS manpÞúkedayjtþibNþwgedayGñkrs;
ranmanCIvitBIrbbExμrRkhmkñúgqñaM1982 nig1983.
eyIgmanÉksarcMnYn 3>202 EdlesμInwg 19>707 TMB½r
ehIy)aneFVIkarcuHbBa¢IenAelIsnøwkRkdas.
6¦ smuc½©y J (J-collection) rbs;eyIgEdlTak;Tg
nwgÉksarcemøIysarPaBBIkariyal½ysnþi)alExμrRkhm.
eyIgmanÉksarRbePTenHcMnYn 829Éksar EdlesμInwg
42>775TMB½r ehIy)ancuHbBa¢I nigbBa©ÚleTAkñúgRbBn§½
Tinñn½yEpñkbBa¢IesovePA (CBIB).
7¦eyIgmanÉksarcMnYn 502 ¬424 CaÉksar
kMNt;ehtupÞal;xøÜnrbs;ExμrRkhmEdlesμInwg 16>184
TMB½r nig 78 ÉksarCaRbePTÉksarTg;bdivtþn_¦. Éksar
TaMgenHKWCakMNt;ehtupÞal;xøÜnEdlbuKÁlExμrRkhmrkSaTuk
kñúgTsvtSr_qñaM1970. eyIg)aneFVIkarcuHbBa¢IenAelIsnøwk
EsVgrkkarBit-sMbuRtelx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa6
RkdasrYcral;ehIy.
8¦ eyIgmanÉksarcMnYn 3>370 ÉksarEdl)an
mkBIKeRmagCMruj[mankarTTYlxusRtÚvesμInwg 80>254
TMB½r. ÉksarTaMgenHRtÚv)aneFVIcMNat;RbePTtamextþ
ehIybBa©ÚlkñúgRbBn§½Tinñn½yedayELkEpñkkarTTYlxusRtÚv.
ÉksarRbePTenH rYmmankMNt;RtabTsmÖasn_ Edl)anmk
BIkarsmÖasn_rbs;eyIgCamYyGtItkmμaPi)alExμrRkhm.
9¦ eyIgrkSabNþúMénÉksarTak;TinnwgTsSnavdþI EsVg
rkkarBit. TsSnavdþIRbePTenHmancMnYn 210elx Ca
PasaExμr nig 87elx CaPasaGg;eKøs. eyIgrkSaTukCa
TRmg;mIRkÚhVIlEdr.
10¦ r)aykarN_EpnTIrbs;eyIg rYmmanCalm¥it
Edl)anmkBIkarcuHeTARsavRCavrukrkreNþAsaksBrYm Kuk
ExμrRkhm nigbUCnIydæanRbl½yBUCsasn_. r)aykarN_
enHCaRbePTÉksarEdlmin)ancuHbBa¢IeT ehIymancMnYn
46sMNuM esμInwg 8>739TMB½r CaGtßbT nig 2>086 Ca
rUbft.
11¦ÉksarTak;TgnwgGnøg;Evgrbs;eyIgrYmman14
ÉksarEdlminTan;eFVIkarcuHbBa¢I.
12¦ eyIgmanÉksarBak;Bn§½nwgtulakarEdlminTan;
eFVIkarcuHbBa¢IcMnYn 7>422 esμInwg 121>364 TMB½r Edl
kñúgenaHmandUcCa kic©RBmeRBógrvagGgÁkarshRbCaCatiCa
mYyraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa RBmTaMgsMNuMÉksarc,ab;Bak;Bn§½Ca
eRcIneTot.
13¦smuc½©y C (C-collection) rbs;eyIgmanGtßbT
kaEstEdle)aHBum<pSayBak;Bn§½nwgkargarrbs;eyIg.
mkdl;eBlbc©úb,nñ mancMnYn 14>017 ÉksarEdlmin
Tan;cuHbBa¢I.
14¦ eyIgeFVIkarcuHbBa¢IrUbftGñkeTasenATYlEsøg
TaMgGs;cMnYn 5>190. eyIgmanrUbftcMnYn 3>429 eTot
EdlminTan;cuHbBa¢I ehIyEdlCarUbft)anmkBIkarcuHeTA
RsavRCavtammUldæanrbs;KeRmagCMruj[mankarTTYlxus
RtÚv.
15¦ eyIgmanÉksarvIedGUEdlminTan;cuHbBa¢I cMnYn
375kaEsSt nig 1>374hVIl Edl)anmkBIkarcuHeTA
RsavRCavtammUldæanehIyminTan;cuHbBa¢I.
16¦ cugeRkay eyIgmanGtßbTRsavRCavrab;ry
GtßbTEdlsresredayGñksikSaCan;x<s;enAeRkARbeTs
nignisSitelIRbFanbTsþIBIExμrRkhm nigesovePArab;ry
k,alepSgeTotEdlTak;Tgnwgc,ab;RBhμTNÐGnþrCati b¤
sm½yExμrRkhm.
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eTotsRmab;bNÑal½y EdleyIgnwgbegáItkñúgeBlqab;²
xagmux[eTACakEnøgd¾FMmYysRmab;karGb;rMdl;saFarN
Cn nigkarRsavRCavsikSaCan;x<s; edayehtufa eyIgnwg
cab;epþImsagsg;viTüasßansøwkrwtkñúgeBlqab;²enH.
nItiviFITTYl)anÉksar
CaTUeTA Éksarrbs;eyIgTaMgGs;KWebIk[GñkRsav
RCav nigsaFarNCnEdlcab;GarmμN_eRbIR)as;. Éksar
edImrbs;eyIgsßitkñúgkmμvtßúénnItiviFITTYl)anÉksary:ag
twgru wgEdleyIgbegá IteLIgedaymankarCYyBIsMNak;TI
RbwkSac,ab;rbs;eyIg. Caerogral;qñaM GñkRsavRCav nigm®nþI
mkBIsalakþIExμrRkhmEdlKaMRTedayGgÁkarshRbCaCati
mkeFVIkarRsavRCavenAbNÑsardæanrbs;eyIg. buKÁlik
rbs;eyIgCYyGñkRsavRCavedayykÉksarEdl)anesñIsuM
eTAftcmøg ehIypþl;karGnuBaØat[GanenAkñúgsalGan
saFarN³rbs;eyIgCaÉkCn RbsinebImankarsñIsuMdUecñH.
kñúgkrNICak;lak;NamYyEdlmankarGnuBaØat[emIlÉksar
edIm ¬]TahrN_ m®nþItulakar¦ KWtRmÚv[buKÁlikrbs;eyIg
EdlRKb;RKgEpñkÉksarFanapþl;CUnÉksaredayRbúg
Rby½tñ. edayehtuEtÉksarenAkñúgsMNuMrbs;eyIg man
lkçN³gaypuyRsÜy nigmanGayukaleRcInqñaMehIyenaH
karbegáIt nigGnuvtþtamkarENnaMGMBIkarTTYl)ankarGnuBaØat
[eRbIR)as;KWmanlkçN³sMxan;xøaMgNas;dl;karkarBar nig
elx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
7mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
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jÚv:ak nigsaklviTüal½yenAbreTsdéT²eTotedIm,IFana
fa sMNuMÉksarftcmøgénÉksarEdleyIgmanTaMgGs;
BitCaTukdak;y:agmansuvtßiPaBenAeRkARbeTs. eyIg)an
eFVIkarftcmøgCaÉksareGLicRtÚniknUvÉksaredImrbs;
ExμrRkhmTaMgGs;rbs;eyIg EdlCakarkarBar nigEfrkSa
EfmeTotpg.
karRKb;RKgEfrkSaénsmuc½©y
ÉksarCaeRcInenAkñúgsmuc½©yrbs;eyIg dUcCa kMNt;
RtasmÖasn_ ExSPaBynþ nigrUbft KWCaRTBüsm,tþiEdlman
siT§ielIkmμsiT§irbs;mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa. ÉksarepSg²
eTotRtÚv)anRbKl;[mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCaedayeCO
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bNÑsardæanCatikUer:manRbtibtþikareBjeljrYcehIy
eyIgeCOCak;fa bTBiesaFn_rbs;eyIgnwgpþl;RbeyaCn_
y:ageRcIndl;karcat;EcgbNÑsardæanCak;lak; EdlGac
manGñkCMnajCaeRcInnak;mkCYy.
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RbKl;siT§iGMNacmkeyIgvijkñúgkareFVICaGñkTukdak;Éksar
edImrbs;ExμrRkhmkñúgeBlGnaKt nigepÞrsiT§iGMNacenaH[
eTAbNÑsardæanCatikm<úCa EdlCaTUeTAcat;EcgÉksarpøÚv
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tulakar RBmTaMgpþl;karGnuBaØat[eRbIR)as;ÉksaredIm
tamesckþIRtÚvkarrbs;tulakar. sMNuMÉksarrbs;eyIg
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ekrdMENlsaFarN³rbs;tulakar ebIeTaHbICaminTan;c,as;
las;fa etIÉksarTaMgGs;enaHRtÚv)anpþl;[nrNaCaGñk
cat;Ecgk¾eday. eyIg)anKitKUdl;PaBsMxan;kñúgkarFanafa
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cUleTAkñúgRbBn§½Tinñn½yTaMg4 EdlbegáIteLIgedIm,IeFVI[
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nigrkSasiT§ielIkmμsiT§iedaykmμviFIRsavRCavBIGMeBIRbl½y
BUCsasn_enAkm<úCarbs;saklviTüal½yEy:l. cab;taMg
EtBIkmμviFIenHElgbEnßmÉksarcUleTAkñúgRbBn§½Tinñn½ykñúg
ExFñÚ qñaM2001mk eyIg)anbnþeFVIbc©úb,nñPaBelIRbBn§½
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kñúgkareRbIR)as;RbBn§½Tinñn½yenaHsRmab;bBa©ÚlB½t’manfμI²
rbs;eyIg. eyIgsUmerobrab;BIRbBn§½Tinñn½yedaysegçb
dUcxageRkam edayTajecjBIkarerobrab;eBjeljCag
enHenAelIeKhTMB½rrbs;mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa nigrbs;
kmμviFIRsavRCavBIGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_enAkm<úCa.
RbBn§½Tinñn½yRbvtþirUb
RbBn§½Tinñn½yRbvtþirUb ¬begáIteLIg nigsiT§ielIkmμsiT§i
edaykmμviFIRsavRCavBIGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_enAkm<úCa Ca
RbBn§½Tinñn½yRbvtþirUbkm<úCa b¤ suI)ayGU¦ rYmmanTinñn½ycMnYn
19>049 RbvtþirUbeyaFa nigkmμaPi)alExμrRkhm nigCn
rgeRKaHénrbbExμrRkhmCaeRcInnak;. RbePTFMCageKEt
mYyKt;manRkúmExμrRkhmEdlsresrcemøIysarPaB ¬Ca
FmμtaeRkamTaruNkmμ¦ enAKukTYlEsøg. eyIgsUmsEmþgnUv
kardwgKuNcMeBaHkarGnuBaØatrbs;bNÑal½yénsaklviTüa
l½yxUENlEdlpÞúkedaysmuc½©ysþIBIGasuIGeKñy_[eyIg
bBa©ÚlB½t’manBIcemøIysarPaBenAKukTYlEsøgEdleFVIkarcuH
bBa¢IedaysaklviTüal½yxUENl. RbPBepSgeTotEdl
eyIg)anTajmkbBa©ÚlenA ¬suI)ay¦ rYmman bBa¢IGñkeTas
enAKukTYlEsøgEdl)ancab;kñúgqñaM1976 ¬rYmbBa©ÚlTaMgGñk
EdleyIgmindwgfamanb¤KμancemøIysarPaB¦ kMNt;RtaEdl
)anbkERbcMnYn 500 bTsmÖasn_CamYyRbCaCnkm<úCa
edaynayksßabnik Eb‘n eXornin énkmμviFIRsavRCavBI
GMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_enAkm<úCataMgEtBIqñaM1978 mkemø:H.
eyIgmanbMNgcg;bBa©ÚlB½t’mansþIBIsmaCikTaMgGs;énGgÁ
karExμrRkhm Edlkan;tMENgmanGMNaccab;BIfñak;Rsuk
eLIgeTA nigkñúgCYrkgT½BExμrRkhm.
RbBn§½Tinñn½ybBa¢IesovePA
RbBn§½Tinñn½ybBa¢IesovePA ¬begáIteLIg nigsiT§ielIkmμ
siT§iedaykmμviFIRsavRCavBIGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_enAkm<úCa
CaRbBn§½Tinñn½ybBa¢IesovePA b¤ suIb‘Íb¦ rYmmanTinñn½ycMnYn
3>000 ÉksaredIm nigÉksarsMxan;TI2 GtßbT esovePA
EdlTak;TinnwgGMeBIeXareXAkñúgrbbExμrRkhm. kareyag
TaMgenHrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgKMrUÉksaredImEdlbnSl;Tukmkdl;eBl
enH eRkayBIrbbExμrRkhmdYlrlM RBmTaMgÉksarsMxan;
TI2d¾sn§wksn§ab;Tak;TgnwgrbbExμrRkhmeTotpg. CabEnßm
eyIg)anbBa©ÚlkatalukÉksarTaMgRsúgsþIBIKukRkaMgtacan;
rbs;ExμrRkhmenAextþtaEkv katalukcMnYn 800 Éksar
Edl)anmkBImnÞIrsnþisuxmCÄimrbs;ExμrRkhm EdlsÁal;fa
snþi)al ¬saxaBiess¦ nigesckþIsegçbelIGtßbTkaEst
sþIBIExμrRkhmkñúg)agkkb:usþ× BIqñaM1975 dl;qñaM1979.
kmμviFIRsavRCavBIGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_enAkm<úCa)anft
cmøgÉksaredImCaeRcInEdl)andak;bBa©ÚlkñúgRbBn§½Tinñn½y
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RbBn§½Tinñn½yrUbft
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siT§i edaykmμviFIRsavRCavBIGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_enAkm<úCa
CaRbBn§½Tinñn½yrUbPaBTYlEsøg mankarbBa©ÚlrUbftcMnYn
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rbbExμrRkhm.
kareRbIR)as;bNÑsardæan sRmab;mUldæanRKwH
dUcEdl)ankt;smÁal;BIxagelI eyIgeRbIR)as;bNÑ
sardæanrbs;eyIg sRmab;eFVICamUldæankñúgkarbegáItCakmμ
viFIepSg²rbs;eyIg.]TahrN_ viFIEdleyIg)aneRbIR)as;
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saFarNCn mandUcCa³
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km<úCaeronsURt yl;dwg nigcab;GarmμN_elIbNÑsardæan
nigebskmμrbs;eyIg.
u GñkRsavRCavrbs;eyIg)aneRbIR)as;bNÑsardæan
edIm,Ie)aHBum<esovePA nigGtßbTRsavRCavnana EdlCYy
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RsavRCavCan;x<s;CMnan;fμIBIeKalkarN_énRbvtþisa®sþkargar
Tak;TinnwgbNÑsar nigsiT§imnusS.
u enAtamevTikapSBVpSaytamPUmienATUTaMgRbeTs
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u eyIg)ane)aHBum<esovePARbvtþisaRsþkm<úCaRbCa
Fibetyü edayEp¥kelIÉksarrbs;eyIg EdlmancMNg
eCIgfa Rbvtþisa®sþkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü ¬1975-79¦
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kñúgkarEckrMElkGtßbTsegçbxøIenHenAkñúgsikçasala nig
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nigRBwtþikarN_vivDÆrbs;GgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØkñúgtulakarkm<úCa b¤salakþIExμrRkhm.
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCaCakEnøgRbmUlpþMú nigcgRkgÉksarGMBIrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü)aneRcInbMput. Éksar
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EpnTIreNþAsaksB nigTItaMgsmøab;rbs;ExμrRkhm nigÉksarRbePTTIR)aMKWCaExSPaBynþÉksarEdl)anpliteLIgkñúg
rbbExμrRkhm nigsm½yeRkaymkeTot.
tamry³kariyal½yB½t’mansaFarN³ saFarNCnGacGannwgRsavRCavÉksarTaMgenH)an. ÉksarxøHeTotrYm
man ° RbvtþirUbkmμaPi)alExμrRkhm cemøIysarPaB kMNt;ehturbs;bkS TUrelxeqøIyqøgB½t’manEdl)anmkBIkarsmÖasn_
CamYyGtItkmμaPi)alExμrRkhm nigTinñn½yKnßnieTÞsbgðajBIreNþAsaksB TItaMgKuk nigbUCnIydæanRbl½yBUCsasn_.
kariyal½yB½t’mansaFarN³manTItaMgenAGKarelx66 mhavifIRBHsIhnu xagekItvimanÉkraCü. kariyal½y
rbs;eyIgebIkCUnsaFarNCnBIéf¶c½nÞdl;éf¶suRk eBlRBwkBIem:ag8 dl;em:ag12 nigeBlresolBIem:ag2dl;em:ag5.
RbsinebIGs;elakGñkmancm¶l; b¤cg;erobcMRBwtþikarN_CaRkúmNamYy sUmTak;TgbuKÁlikrbs;eyIg G‘un sudavI tamry³
TUrs½BÞelx023211875 b¤GIuEm:l [email protected].
EsVgrkkarBit-sMbuRtelx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa10
kalviPaKbBa©aMgExSPaBynþ Éksarrbs;mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
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TItaMg ³ GKar H énviTüasßanCatiGb;rM ¬mhavifIRBHsIhnu PñMeBj¦
sRmab;B½t’manbEnßmsUmTak;Tg ³ Em:n BiciRt TUrsBÞelx ³ 023214009 GuIEm:l ³ [email protected]
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EsVgrkkarBit-sMbuRt
vKÁbNþúHbNþalsa®sþacarü nigRKÚmUldæansþIBIvi
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viFIsa®sþbeRgónRbvtþisa®sþkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü
kalBIéf¶TI25-27 Exkkáda qñaM2017
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eQμaH rs; x¢Úg ehA r:an; ePTRbúsGayu54qñaM ¬KitRtwm
qñaM1977¦ ekItenAPUmitaelaXuMtaela Rsuk)akanelI extþ
eBaF×sat;. kñúgrbbExμrRkhm muneBlcab;xøÜnmannaTICa
RbFankgFMTI8 enAkñúgshkrN_XuMsMerag nigCaCMnYykar
cmáarGMeBArdæ kñúgRsuksEgáelI tMbn;TI1 PUmiPaKBay½Bü.
enAkñúgÉksarcemøIysarPaBrbs; r:an; )ansresrerobrab;
BIskmμPaBrbs;xøÜn rYmCamYynwgbkçBYkRbqaMgCamYybdivtþn_
mancMnYn29TMB½r. r:an; RtÚv)anGgÁkarcab;xø ÜnenAéf¶TI5
ExsIha qñaM1977. eyIgmindwgfa kareqøIysarPaBrbs;
r:an; Bitb¤y:agNaenaHeT. xageRkam KWCaesckþIsegçbkñúg
cemøIysarPaBrbs; rs; x¢Úg ehA r:an; °
munqñaM1950 r:an; rs;enACamYy«BukmþayeFVIERs
cmáarluHdl;qñaM1950k¾)ancUlkñúgclnats‘UExμr\sSr³.
bYnqñaMeRkaymk r:an; )anQb;BIExμr\sSr³ ehIymkrs;enA
CamYy«BukmþayvijrhUtdl;qñaM1962 ehIyk¾)ancUlkñúg
clnabdivtþn_tamry³taGacarüeQμaH ePOg EdlCaGñk
bdivtþn_. eRkaymk enAqñaM1963taePOg RtÚv)anxμaMgcab;
xøÜn eBlenaH r:an; k¾)andac;karTak;TgmYyry³. bnÞab;mk
r:an; nig exg k¾RtÚv)anxμaMgcab;xøÜnykmkXuMXaMgenAextþ
RkecH. enARkecH GñkTaMgBIrk¾)ansarPaBR)ab;xμaMgeQμaH
rMpay pat; s½kái3 ¬enARtBaMgRBwk¦ nigeshVeQμaH KI ¬enA
bnÞayeBaF×sat;¦. bnÞab;mkeTot r:an; nig exg k¾RtÚv)an
eshV KI cat;taMg[eFVICaKijsm¶at;edIm,IedIresuIbykkarN_
BIExμrRkhmtamPUmiXuM nig[Tak;TgCamYyeQμaH hag Caem
kgCIvBlenAPUmitaela nigeQμaH éb: emkgCIvBlenAPUmi
rMlic XuMbwgxña Rsuk)akanelI edIm,IeFVIskmμPaBRbqaMg nig
bMpøicbMpøajExμrRkhm. eRkayBITTYlkarcat;taMgBIeshV KI
rYcral;mk r:an; nig exg k¾)anmkTak;TgeQμaH hag nig éb:
ehIy)anBiPakSaEckParkic©KñaeFVIkartamdanclnabdivtþn_
eday r:an; nig exg CaGñkCab;clnaCamYybdivtþn_Rsab; )an
cUlbgáb;xøÜnkñúgCYrbdivtþn_ ykkarN_BIExμrRkhm ehIyray
karN_[ éb: nig hag ehIyGñkTaMgBIrk¾)anraykarN_bnþeTA
eshV KI. eRkaymk edayeshV KI pøas;ecj ehtuenH
ral;esckþIraykarN_RtÚvR)ab;eTAs½kþi4 KInIn b¤k¾raykarN_
[eTAGacarü huI CasgÇenAvtþéRBdMrI.
qñaM1966 eQμaH Gin CaKN³tMbn;TI2 ¬GgÁkarkemÞc
ehIy¦)anehA r:an;/ exg/jaGtItExμr\sSr³/ KnkgkarBar
rbs; Gin/ Esm kgkarBarrbs; Gin ¬qñaM1972 TTYlemIl
xusRtÚveragm:asuInkinRsÚvenAbusdUg kñúgRsukemagb£sSI¦
mkGb;rM edIm,I[GñkTaMgenH)anyl;[c,as;BIParkic©RbqaMg
bdivtþn_eday)aneFVIkarENnaMfa {b¥ÚnÉgkuMP½y eRBaHkic©kar
enH minEmneFVIEteyIgeT. enAxagelImaneQμaHsayKN³
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nigeQμaH v:aj CMnYykarkñúgPUmiPaK nigCaelxaTI1 ¬GgÁkar
cab;ehIy¦ eQμaH s‘an GñksresrÉksarenAkñúgmnÞIrPaK
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TaMgenH k¾manskmμPaBk,t;dUceyIgEdr}. eRkayBI)anGb;rM
ehIy Gin )anRbKl;Parkic©[eFVIKW edIreXasnaRbmUlGñk
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begáIt[eTACakmøaMgmYyRbqaMgCamYybdivtþn_. kic©karenH
r:an; nigbkçBYk)aneFVIskmμPaBedIreXasnaRbmUlGñkEdl
cemøIysarPaB rs; x¢Úg ehA r:an; CMnYykarcmáarGMeBArdæ
shkrN_ XuMsMerag RsuksEgáelI tMbn;1 PUmiPaKBay½Bü
dkRsg;ecjBIÉksarelx D41282
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CYrbdivtþn_.
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Kn nig Esm )aneTATak;Tg nigraykarN_[ hag nig éb:
eday)anniyayfa {sBVéf¶enH kmøaMgbdivtþn_kMBugEtpus
pulxøaMgehIy EttamEpnkarrbs; Gin EdlCaemk,t;enAxag
kñúgKWfa bBaðabMpøajkmøaMgbdivtþn_mñak;BIrnak;enaH vamincMeNj
eT dUecñHtamEpnkarrbs; Gin KW[xitxMBRgIkkmøaMg[)aneRcIn
sin}. eRkayBIsþab;karraykaN_rbs;GñkTaMgbYnehIy
hag nig éb: )annaMGñkTaMgbYn [eTACYbCamYyGacarü huI edIm,I
[Gacarü huI ykesckþIraykaN_enH eTAraykarN_bnþeTA[
s½kþi4 KInIn. eRkayBITak;TgCamYyGacarü huI mk enAkñúgqñaM
dEdl maneFVIBiFIbBa©ÚlsmaCik es>GuI>Ga cMnYn5nak;KW r:an;/
ja/ exg/ Kn nig Esm EdlmanGacarü huI CaGñk]eTÞsnam
s½kþi4 KInIn nig Gin CaGñkTTYlsÁal;. BiFIbBa©ÚlenHEdr man
BiFIeKarBTg;CatiGaemrik nigmanpwkTwksm,f nigeFVIsc©ar
RbNiFan. eRkayBIcUlCasmaCik es>GuI>Ga rYcehIy Gin
)anENnaM r:an; nig GñkÉeTot[)ansÁal;ExSry³cas;man
eQμaH ePOk/ qat/ Lac edIm,IgayRsÜlTak;TgKñaeBleFVI
skmμPaB ehIyParkic©rbs; es>GuI>Ga KWedIresuIbykkarN_
BICMrMkgT½Bbdivtþn_ nigmnÞIrsMxan;² ehIyraykarN_mkGacarü
huI edIm,ITak;Tg[TahancUleTAkemÞckmøaMgbdivtþn_. BIqñaM
1967-1970 r:an; )anrkSakarTak;TgExScas; dEdlkñúg
kareFVIskmμPaBtamdan esuIbrkmnÞIrsMxan;²rbs;bdivtþn_
ehIy)annaMTahancUleTAvaybukmUldæanCMrMbdivtþn_cMnYn
R)aMdgKW TI1¦enAmnÞIrPñMk®nÞaMg TI2¦enAmUldæanPñMmuCTwkkñúg
Rsukemag smøab;ExμrRkhm)anmñak; TI3¦ mUldæanenAcmáar
CitmnÞIrPñMk®nÞaMgsmøab;ExμrRkhm)anmñak; nig)aj;[rbYsmñak;
TI4¦enAmUldæanRTnab;møÚkñúgRsukemag smøab;ExμrRkhm)an
cMnYnBIrnak; eFVI[rbYsBIrnak; nigcab;rs;)anmñak; nigTI5¦
enAmUldæanRTnab;KKIr kñúgRsuk)akanelI )aj;[søab; nigrbYs
cMnYn6nak;. cMENkeQμaH exg RtÚvTahan)aj;søab;enAqñaM
1968.
eRkayrdæRbharqñaM1970 hag nig éb: EdlCaExS
rbs; r:an; )ancUlbgáb;xøÜnkñúgCYrbdivtþn_CamYy Gin. cMENk
r:an; )aneFVIkarTak;TgCamYybkçBYk ehIy)aneFVIskmμPaB
tamEpnkarrbs; Gin CahUrEh rhUtdl;qñaM1972 eday
)aneFVIkareXasnaenAtamkEnøgmYycMnYn dUcCa PUmitaela
PUmimuxra PUmirhaTil kñúgRsuk)akanelI rhUtdl;Rsuk)akan
eRkam cab;BImat;sÞwgsVaydUnEkveTAdl;mat;sÞwgeBaF×sat;
ehIy)ancat;taMgeQμaH yU/ Lúj/ Ca/ RBM nig RBin RBmTaMg
RbKl;Parkic©[edIreXasnabMpusRbCaCn[RbqaMgbdivtþn_
[s¥b;ExμrRkhm nigsmøab;kmμaPi)albdivtþn_EdledIreFVIkar
eXasnatamPUmi. enAcugqñaM1972 Gin RtÚv)anGgÁkar
kemÞc ehIy)andk r:an; [mkenAkñúgtMbn;TI1 eFVICaCMnYykar
enAkñúgmnÞIrtMbn;.
qñaM1973 r:an; k¾)anTak;TgeQμaH s‘an KN³tMbn;
TI1. CabnþbnÞab; s‘an )an]eTÞsnam[sÁal;ExSry³cMnYn
R)aMnak;maneQμaH Erk eFVIRbFanshkrN_enAkñúgXuMRkjÚg
¬enAkñúgqñaM1973¦/ eQμaH tul CaRbCaCnenAXuMRkjÚg/
eQμaH r:um GtItemXuMRkjÚg/ eQμaH jan ehA Xn elxa
XuMcMLgKYykñúgqñaM1973 RsuksEgá nigeQμaH man GtItExμr
\sSr³ eTArs;enAevotNam ¬1954-1970¦ nigCa
RbFankgQøbRbcaMRsuk)at;dMbg. BIqñaM1973-1974
r:an; )anTak;TgCamYyExScas;eFVIskmμPaBenHdEdl cMENk
s‘an RtÚv)anGgÁkarkemÞcenAqñaM1974. enAkñúgqñaMdEdl
enHEdr r:an; RtÚv)anGgÁkarerobcM[manRKÜsar ehIydkBI
mnÞIrtMbn;[mkenAkñúgshkrN_XuMsMerag RsuksEgáelI.
eBlenaH r:an; RtÚvdac;karTak;TgCamYybkçBYkmYyry³.
eRkayrMedaHqñaM1975 r:an; k¾)anGb;rMeQμaH eQOg Gnu
RbFankgFMTI4 enAkñúgshkrN_XuMsMraMg RsuksEgá eday
emIleXIjBIcMNucexSayrbs; eQOg Føab;eFVICaCMTb; nig
Føab;rt;eTAsarPaBCamYyxμaMgpg eRkaymkenAqñaM1975
k¾)anGb;rM[cUlrYmkñúgskmμPaBk,t;CamYy)an. enAcugqñaM
1975 nigedImqñaM76 r:an; enAmankarTak;TgCamYyeQμaH
eQOg dEdl rhUtdl;edImExkumÖ³ qña1976 enAeBlEdl
eTAelIkTMnb;TwkenAmþúMkgðt kñúgRsuksEgá eBlenaH v:aj Ca
elxatMbn;TI1 ¬GgÁkarcab;xøÜnehIy¦ )anehA r:an; eTAsYrBI
skmμPaB nigkarTak;Tg;CaExSsgVak;CamYy s‘an ehIy
eRkayeBlEdlGgÁkarcab;xøÜn s‘an )at;eTAeBlenaH v:aj
)anENnaM r:an; [xitxMeFVIskmμPaBBRgIkkmøaMgk,t;RbqaMg
bdivtþn_[)anxøaMgkøaeLIgvij eday)anRbKl;Parkic©[ r:an;
xitxMkþab; nigbMpusRbCaCn[RbqaMgnwgrbbsmUhPaB cat;
taMgBRgIkkmøaMgk,t;[eFVIskmμPaBeXasna cak;cuc bMEbk
bM)ak;enAkñúgshkrN_ nig[xitxMeFVIkarGb;rM kþab;BYkTahan
EdlCaeQøIyswkEdlGgÁkar)anykeTAdak;enAkñúgshkrN_
XuMsMeragenH[)an edIm,IBRgIkkmøaMgBYkenH[eTACakmøaMg
RbqaMgnwgbdivtþn_ nigdak;Epnkar[BYkenHeFVIskmμPaBRbqaMg
bdivtþn_CabeNþIr².
bnÞab;mk v:ajk¾)anENnaM r:an; [eFVIkarTak;Tg nigray
karN_[eQμaHyan GnuelxaRsuksEgá tMbn;TI1/ eQμaHs‘n
CMnYykartMbn;TI1 xagTMnb;Twk nigeQμaH Gn; CMnYykartMbn;TI1
TTYlxagTMnb;Twk. enAeBlenaHEdr v:aj)anENnaM[ r:an; )an
sÁal;kmøaMgk,t;enAkñúgtMbn;TI7 BIrnak; nigenAtMbn;TI2 cMnYn
bInak;. eRkayBITTYlkarENnaMBI v:aj ehIy r:an; )anTak;Tg
CamYy eQOg eFVIskmμPaBeXasna Gb;rMkmøaMgk,t;enAkñúg
kgrbs;xøÜnCabnþbnÞab;.
qñaM1976 Exemsa eRkayBIGb;rM ksagkmøaMgenAkñúg
kgeRkamkarRKb;RKgrbs;xøÜnmk r:an; )anTak;TgCamYy
eQOg eFVIskmμPaB eXasna GUsTajkmμaPi)alkgFMenA
kñúgshkrN_XuMsMerag)ansmaCikBIrnak; eQμaH qun emkgFM
nig y:m emkgFMenAkñúgshkrN_sMerag RsuksEgáelI. enA
cugExemsa r:an; nig eQOg k¾)anRbKl;Parkic©[GñkTaMgBIr
eFVIkareXasnaGb;rMTahaneQøIyswkenAkñúgkgFMTI1[køay
eTACakmøaMgRbqaMgnwgbdivtþn_ eXasnabMEbkbM)ak;kmøaMg
enAkñúgkgFM [s¥b;rbbsmUhPaB nig[Ebkq¶ayBIsmUh
PaBbnþicmþg² nigeXasna[RbCaCnRbqaMgrbbsmUhPaB
nigeFVIskmμPaBbMpøicbMpøajkmøaMgbdivtþn_. eRkaymk enAEx
]sPa r:an; nig eQOg)anksagRbFanQøbXuMmñak; eQμaH Bin
ehIy)anRbKl;Parkic©[ Bin Gb;rM nigksagkmøaMgenAkñúg
GgÁPaBQøbXuMenHCabnþbnÞab;.
enAExkkáda qñaM1976 r:an; nig eQOg )aneFVIkarTak;
TgCamYyExScas;EdleTIbksag)anman qun/ y:m nig Bin
edIm,IeFVIskmμPaB edaycat;taMgTahaneQøIyswk[kþab;
GñkTaMgenHbnþ nigdak;Epnkar[ ¬qun/ y:m nig Bin¦ eFVIskmμ
PaB.luHdl;ExkumÖ³ qñaM1977GgÁkar)andk r:an; ecjBIkg
[eTATTYlemIlkarxusRtÚvRkúmGñkvayfμeFVITMnb;TwkenAmþú M
kgðt. luH)anmYyry³eRkaymk v:aj/ yan nig s‘n )an
CiHLaneTAemIlTMbn;Twkkgðt ehIyk¾)anCYbCamYy r:an; enA
TIenaH. eBlenaH v:aj )aneFVIkarENnaM r:an; [xitxMBRgIk
kmøaMgk,t;bEnßmeTot nig)anR)ab;GMBIEpnkarrbs;bkçBYk
RtÚveFVIskmμPaBvaybkykPUmiPaKBay½BüenAExkkáda qñaM
1977. eRkayBI)anENnaM r:an; ehIy k¾bMEbkKñaeTA.
luHdl;Exemsa qñaM1977 GgÁkardk r:an; BIkEnøgvayfμ [
mkenAeFVICaCMnYykarkñúgRsúksEgáxagdaMGMeBAenAPñMkBa©aj;
RCH. enAPñMkBa©aj;RCHdaMGMeBA)anmYyEx r:an; cab;epþImekIt
manCMgWRKúnjak;rhUt luHdl;éf¶TI5 ExsIha qñaM1977 r:an;
k¾RtÚv)anGgÁkarcab;xøÜnEtmþg.
eqg ev:g
GanTsSnavdþItameKhTMB½rTsSnavdþIEsVgrkkarBitRtÚv)anpSBVpSaytameKhTMB½r
rbs;mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa. GñkGanGacrk)antam³
http://d.dccam.org/Projects/Magazines/Magazine_
Searching.htm. B½t’manbEnßm sUmTak;Tg esam b‘unfn
TUrs½BÞelx012996750b¤ 023211875.
EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksarelx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa18
R)aMmYyExedImqñaM1978enH bkSeyIg)anbMpus
clnaTUTaMgRbeTs TaMgkñúgbkS TaMgkñúgmhaCnsmUhPaB
nigkñúgkgT½B e)assm¥atxμaMgsuIrUgépÞkñúg )anTTYlmhaC½y
CmñH swgmann½yesμImhaC½yCmñH éf¶17 emsa1975.
BYkxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgTaMgenH vaCaPñak;gar es>GuI>Ga CaPñak;
garyYn nigCaPñak;gar ka>ehS>eb. vaEkøgbnøMxøÜneFVICaGñk
bdivtþn_ lak;xøÜnenAkñúgbkS enAkñúgshkrN_ shCIB mnÞIr
RksYg kgT½B kardæan edIm,IbMpøajbdivtþn_eyIgtamsPaB
karN_Cak;Esþg EdlvaGaceFVI)anenAtamkEnøgnImYy².
BYkxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgTaMgenH vabMpøajbkSeyIg
RbCaCneyIg bdivtþn_eyIg taMgBIsm½yeyIgeFVIbdivtþn_RbCa
Cati RbCaFibetyü rhUtmkdl;\LÚvenH EdleyIgkMBugbnþ
eFVIbdivtþn_sgÁmniym nigksagsgÁmniym.
niyayrYm xμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgEdlCaPñak;gar es>GuI>Ga
Pñak;garyYn nigPñak;gar ka>ehS>eb TaMgenH vaCasRtÚvsøab;rs;
maneRKaHfñak;bMput rbs;bkS rbs;RbCaCn nigbdivtþn_eyIg.
EtxμaMgbgáb;CaPñak;gar EqábeRmIyYn vaCasRtÚvsøab;rs;Edl
manBisBulbMput maneRKaHfñak;bMputCageK. fay:agenH
ykcitþTukdak;e)assm¥atxμaMgsuIrUgépÞkñúg
[s¥atdac;xatEfmeTot
dkRsg;ecjÉksarTg;bdivtþn_elx7 Exkkáda qñaM1978 D21429
narIkmμkrkMBugt,aj enAeragcRktm,aymYykñúgrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü ¬1975-79¦
elx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
19mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar
eRBaHBYkvakMBugbeRmI])ayklnigskmkμPaBQøanBan vat
TIelbTwkdI bM)at;BUCsasn_km<úCarbs;xμaMgyYnedaypÞal;
CaRbcaMral;éf¶.
Tal;Etdac;xate)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgRKb;
RbePT CaBiessPñak;garEqábeRmIyYn [s¥atGs;BIépÞkñúgbkS
shkrN_ shCIB eragcRk mnÞIrRksYg kgT½B.l. eTIb
eyIgkarBarRbeTs)anxøaMg eFVIbdivtþn_sgÁmniym)anRCal
eRCA ksagsgÁmniym)anelOn mhaelatepøaH tammaK’a
bdivtþn_d¾RtwmRtÚv nigPøWsVagrbs;bkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCaeyIg.
BiesaFmYycMnYnGMBIkare)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUg
épÞkñúg
bkSeyIgFøab;manBiesaFl¥mkehIy kñúgkarclna
mhaCn e)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg EdlCaPñak;gar
es>GuI>Ga Pñak;garbeRmIyYn nigPñak;gar ka>ehS>eb.
eyIgbnþbMpusclnamhaCn e)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suI
rUgépÞkñúgteTAeTot[xøaMgkøaCab;Canic© edayEp¥ktambTBiesaF
l¥knøgmk ehIyécñRbDitlm¥EfmeTot [kan;EtmanRbsiT§PaB
e)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg[Gs;rlIgBIkñúgmUldæan
eyIgmñak;².
eyIgsUmsrubbTBiesaFl¥TaMgenH dUcxageRkam ³
1¦ bMpusclnamhaCn vaysRmúk[xøaMg [Cab;
kñúgkarbMeBjParkic©nImYy² eTaHtUckþI FMkþ I kñ úgRkbxNÐ
ceg¥ótkþI b¤kñúgRKbxNÐTUlaykþI ³
dl;kalNaeyIgbMpusclnamhaCnbvaysRmúk [
xøaMg [ekþACab;Canic© muxCamankarTMnas; nigmankarEbg
Eck.eBalKWTMnas;rvagmaK’abdivtþn_ nigmhaCnbdivtþn_mçag
ehIynigBYkxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgmçag. ebImankarTMnas; KW
mankarts‘U mankarEbgEck. sc©Fm’bdivtþn_)anbgðaj[
eXIjc,as;fa bdivtþn_BitR)akd nigbnøMeFVIbdivtþn_ b¤bdivtþn_
Ekøgkøay rs;enACamYyKñamin)anCadac;xat.mhaCnbdivtþn_
BitR)akdnigxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg bnøMeFVICa {mhaCnbdivtþn_}
enACamYyKñamin)anCadac;xat. ebIenACamYyKñamin)an va
RtÚvEtTMnas;Kña. ebITMnas;Kña vats‘UCamYyKña. dl;ts‘U
CamYyKñaeTA vamuxCaecjmuxc,as;fa ÉNaCabdivtþn_ ÉNa
Cak,t;bdivtþn_.
niyayy:agenH minEmn)anesckþIfa xμaMgvaminbgáb;
suIrUgépÞkñúgbMpøajbdivtþn_eyIgmin)anenaHeT. vaGacbgáb;
su Ir UgbMpøajbdivtþn_eyIg)anmYyry³kalKYrsmEdr.
cMNucenH eyIgkuMGtþenam½ti.
xμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg vaGacBak;pøak {bdivtþn_} )an
mYyry³eBlNaCabeNþaHGasnñ bnøMxøÜneFVICaGñkbdivtþn_
suIrUg nigksagkmøaMgk,t;rbs;vaenAkñúgCYrbdivtþn_eyIg bMpøaj
bdivtþn_eyIg eBlEdlbdivtþn_eyIgminTan;xøaMg minTan;ekþA
minTan;skmμRbyuT§ CaExSsgVak;bnþbnÞab; b¤eBlEdlbdivtþn_
eyIgenAdac;BImhaCnenAeLIy. EtluHdl;clnabdivtþn_
clnamhaCnpulpuseLIgy:agxøaMgkøasen§arsen§A ekþAKKuk
CaExSsgVak;Cab;rdwk CabnþbnÞab; ehIyeBlenaHÉg xμaMg
bgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg eTaHCavamanzan³b:uNÑak¾eday muxCaGs;
kEnøgRCkeTotehIy. RKb;skmμPaBbMpøajbdivtþn_eday
s¶at;kM)aMgbitmuxrbs;va BitCaRtÚvRbCaCn mhaCnbdivtþn_
emIleXIjc,as;RtELt KμanRsBicRsBilGVIeT ehIyvay
kemÞcvaPøamedaydac;xat.
karBitxagelIenH )anbBa¢ak;y:agRtwmRtÚv tamry³
énRBwtþikarN_rs;revIkEdlekItmaneLIgCabnþbnÞab;kñúgclna
bdivtþn_eyIg.
]TahrN_³ kalbkSeyIgenAkñúgry³kaldwknaM ts‘U
sm¶at; eBlclnamhaCneFVI)atukmμ mITIÞgmþg² GaxμaMgbgáb;
suIrUgépÞkñúg suT§EteTAraykarN_[vNѳkan;GMNacmun edIm,I
b®gáabclnats‘Urbs;RbCaCn. EtxμaMgvaTb;clnamhaCn
min)an. GaxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgRtÚvEbkmux. eyIgrkSakar
BarkmøaMgbdivtþn_)an BRgwgBRgIkkmøaMgbdivtþn_ )ansRmit
sRmaMgsmasPaBGaRkk;ecj ehIybnþdwknaMmhaCnts‘U
ykC½yCmñHbnþeTot.
u kñúgqñaM1968 bkSeyIgseRmceFVIkub,kmμrwbyk
EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksarelx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa20
GavuFBIxμaMg ehIybnþkarts‘UedayhigSaGavuF nigneya)ay
rYmpSM. eBlenaHxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgvaR)ab;[vNѳkan;GMNac
dwgmuxEdr. vabMepøIsmaK’abkS edayminGnuvtþtamkarENnaM
rbs;bkSTaMgRsug. EtTaMgxμaMgbgáb;épÞkñúg TaMgxμaMgxageRkARtÚv
braC½ysáat;Tb;ePøIgkMhwgrbs;mhaCnmin)an.xμaMgbgáb;Edl
ecjmuxbMpøajclnaxøaMg RtÚvRbCaCnseRmceTas.
u qñaM1970 k¾xμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgvaykEpnkarRbqaMg
rdæRbharEdlbkSelIkeLIg eTAraykarN_[Gak,t; ln; nl;
Gs; ehIyBYkGak,t; ln; nl; EfmTaMgdak;Epnkar[GaxμaMg
bgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg bMpøajEpnkarkm©at;rdæRbhar EdlbkSelIk
eLIgeTot. EtxμaMgTaMgeRkA TaMgkñúgvaTb;min)an. vaRtÚvbraC½y
vaRtÚvEbkmuxmat;k,t;rbs;va.
uqñaM1973bkSseRmcmineFVIkarcrca.bkSseRmc
ebþCJavayteTAeTotedaydac;xat. eBlenaHBYkxμaMgbgáb;suI
rUgépÞkñúg mçagvaraykarN_[cRkBtþiGaemrik nig[BYkGa ln;
nl; mçageTot varaykarN_eTA[yYn. TaMgcRkBtþiGaemrik
TaMgGa ln; nl; TaMgyYn dak;EpnkarRbqaMgbkSkumμúynIsþ
km<úCaEdlminxuscitþcrca. ÉBYkGaxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg va
bMpusmhaCn[RbqaMgnwgbkSBIerOgbkSmincrca minQb;
c,aMg. vabMP½yRbCaCn[xøac {eb 52}. vaeFVIGukLúkkñúg
kgT½B raraMgyuT§Cnmin[eTAsmrPUmimux. EtTaMgGs;enH suT§
EtRtÚvbraC½yegIbmuxminrYc. BYkGaxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgRtÚv
EtEbkmux RtÚvRbCaCnpþnÞaeTas.
u qñaM1974 bkSelIkEpnkarvaypþac;RBat; rMedaH
PñMeBj rMedaHTUTaMgRbeTs. BYkGaxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg m:üag
vabMpøaj nigTb;Tl;Epnkarvaypþac;RBat; m:üageTotvaray
karN_[cRkBtþiGaemrik BYkGa ln; nl; nigyYndwg edIm,ITb;
Tl;Epnkarvaypþac;RBat;rMedaHTUTaMgRbeTs kñúgrdUvR)aMg
qñaM1975.EtTIbMputTaMgcRkBtþiGaemrik TaMgBYkGak,t;ln;
nl; nigyYn RtÚvbraC½yy:agGam:as. bkSeyIgrMedaHTUTaMg
RbeTs)anseRmctamEpnkar KWéf¶17 emsa75.
rhUtkñ úgdMNak;kalénbdivtþn_RbCaCatiRbCaFib
etyü xμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg CaPñak;gar es>GuI>Ga CaPñak;gar
yYn CaPñak;gar ka>ehS>eb vaTb;Tl;raraMgbMpøajclnabdivtþn_
eyIgTaMgtUcTaMgFM EtvaTb;Tl;minCab; raraMgminQñH bMpøajmin
)an. ÉBYkxμaMgbgáb;RtÚvEbkmux RtÚvRbCaCnseRmceTas.
eyIgrkSakarBarkmøaMgbdivtþn_)an BRgwg nigBRgIkkmøaMg
bdivtþn_kan;EtFM ehIyxøaMg. BYkk,t;bgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg RtÚv
sRmitsRmaMgCabnþbnÞab;. clnabdivtþn_vaysRmúkeTAmux
dUcBüúHsgÇra KμankmøaMgNaGacbMpøaj)an. etIGs;xμaMgbgáb;
suIrUgépÞkñúgehIyenA? enAmaneTot. ehIyxμaMgenHvabnþeFVI
skmμPaBbMpøajbdivtþn_sgÁmniymeyIgCabnþbnÞab;rhUt
dl;éf¶enH. EtGaRs½yclnabdivtþn_sgÁmniym nigclna
ksagsgÁmniymmankmøaMgxøaMgkøamhima ceRmIneLIgCaerog
ral;qñaM dUecñaH )anCaExSry³cat;taMgrbs;BYkxμaMgbgáb;suIrUg
épÞkñúg RtÚvclnamhaCne)assm¥at)at;TaMgpÞaMg²ral;qñaM
TaMgenATIRkúg TaMgenACnbT. Cak;EsþgdUckñúgry³R)aMmYyEx
edImqñaM1978enH ExScat;taMgrbs;xμaMg bgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg
mYyExSsMxan;EdlCabEg¥k[xμaMgyYnQøanBan vatTIelbTwk
dI RtÚvclnamhaCnvaykemÞc nige)assm¥atGs;CamUldæan
eFVI[EpnkarvayrMlMbdivtþn_km<úCarbs;cRkBtþiGaemrik nig
yYn RtÚvbraC½y. BiesseToteFVI[EpnkarQøanBanelb
Rt)ak;TwkdIkm<úCa EdlyYnCaGñkGnuvtþpÞal; RtÚvbraC½yy:ag
F¶n;bMput QWcab;bMput nigGam:asmuxbMput TaMgxagneya)aykgkumarkMBugCYlCul nigsm¥atk,alm:asIunbUmTwk
elx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
21mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar
EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksarelx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa22
eyaFa esdækic© nigkarTUt.
enHniyayTUTaMgRbeTs. ÉenAtammUldæannImYy²
k¾G‘IcwgEdr. ]TahrN_ dUcenAtamshkrN_ tammuxRBÜj
mYy² dUcmuxRBÜjP¢Ürras; dksÞÚg eFVICI ciBa©wmeKa RkbI.l.
smmitþeyIgrkxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgeXIjGaRs½ynUvkarbMpus
clnamhaCn tammuxsBaØaTaMgenHy:agxøaMgkøa. dUecñaH TU
TaMgshkrN_ rkxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgeXIj.
sUmbBa¢ak;fa kñúgkarbMpusclnamhaCn[xøaMgkøaenH
RtÚvbMpustammaK’aneya)ayrbs;bkS kMubMpustamGtþena
m½ti KWkuM {eqVg} kuM {sþaM}. ebI {eqVg} KWxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg
vadut[exøacEfm. ebI {sþaM} KWxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgvaerac
[eqA. ebIminbMpusclnamhaCntammaK’arbs;bkSeT eyIg
rkxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgmineXIjeT e)assm¥atvamincMeT.
vaenAEtlak;xø Ün eFVIskmμPaBk,t;kñúgCYrbdivtþn_)anteTA
eTot.
tamBiesaFl¥xagelIenH TUTaMgRbeTskþI RKb;mUldæan
RKb;muxRBÜjkþI RtÚvbMpusclnamhaCn vaysRmúk[xøaMgkøa
[Cab;tammaK’arbs;bkS kñúgkarbM;eBjParkic©RKb;y:ag
rbs;xøÜn. eFVIy:agenH eyIge)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg
Ca es>GuI>Ga CaPñak;garEqábeRmIyYn Ca ka>ehS>eb )an
s¥atdac;xatEfmeTot. ebIe)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg
s¥atehIy enaHclnavaysRmúkkarBarRbeTs vaykm©at;
xμaMgyYnQøanBan vatTIelbTwkdI bM)at;BUCsasn_km<úCa vay
sRmúkeFVIbdivtþn_sgÁmniymnigksagsgÁmniymBitCa)an
TTYlmhaC½yCmñH nigmanel,ÓnelatepøaH mhaelatepøaH
CaR)akd.
2¦ CMrujclnaeFVIkargareXasnaGb;rM cat;taMgBRgwg
BRgIk sRmitsRmaMgCaRbcaM enAkñúgCYrbkS CYrmhaCn nig
kgT½B
RBmCamYyKñanwgkarbMpusclnamhaCndUceBalkñúg
{x} xagelI RtÚvCMrujclnaeFVIkargarneya)aystiGarmμN_
nigcat;taMg. Cak;EsþgKWeFVIkargareXasna Gb;rM cat;taMg
BRgwgBRgIk sRmitsRmaMgCaRbcaM enAkñúgCYrbkS CYrmhaCn
nigkgT½B CaBiessykcitþTukdak;eFVIenAkñúgCYrbkSCasMxan;.
kargarenH CakargarRbyuT§elIEpñkeKalCMhr neya
)aystiGarmμN_ nigcat;taMg EdlcaM)ac;RtÚvEteFVIdac;xat.
ebImineFVIkargarTaMgenHeT bMpusclnamhaCnmineLIg b¤ebI
bMpus)an k¾)anCabeNþaHGasnñ ehIyminENneTot.
eyIge)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñ úg CaPñak;gar
es>GuI>Ga Pñak;garyYn nig ka>ehS>eb RtÚve)assm¥atTaMg
neya)ay stiGarmμN_rbs;xμaMg nigcat;taMgrbs;vaTaMg
Gs;. e)assm¥atEtneya)ay stiGarmμN_rbs;xμaMg min
e)assm¥atxagcat;taMg KWCaeRKaHfñak;mYyFM. EtebIe)as
sm¥atEtxagcat;taMg mine)assm¥atxagneya)ay sti
GarmμN_ KWhak;dUcCaciBa©wmxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgteTAeTot min
dk[Gs;b£s Gs;Kl;va Gs;BisBulrbs;va. knøgmk man
kEnøgxøHkñúgn½yGnuvtþCak;EsþgeRcInF¶n; Rsalmçag². kñúg
n½yGnuvtþCak;Esþg eyIgRtÚvykcitþTukdak;eFVIkargareXasna
Gb;rM BRgwgBRgIk sRmitsRmaMg CamUldæansMxan; ehIyQr
elImUldæanénkargarenH eyIge)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞ
kñúg[)anRtwmRtÚv tammaK’arbs;bkS. kuMe)assm¥at)a:tNa
)a:tNI.
eyIgRtÚvykcitþTukdak;eFVIkargareXasnaGb;rM cat;
taMg BRgwgBRgIk sRmitsRmaMgCaRbcaM eRBaHkargarenH
m:üagCakargare)assm¥atxμaMg TaMgxagneya)aystiGarmμN_
cat;taMg ehIym:üageTot k¾CakargarksagkmøaMg BRgwg
BRgIkkmøaMg ksagrdæGMNacbdivtþn_ BRgwgBRgIkrdæGMNac
bdivtþn_ BRgwgBRgIkpþac;karénvNѳGFnrbs;bkS. ebIbkS
s¥atKWbkSxøaMg. ebIkgT½Bs¥at KWkgT½BxøaMg. ebIrdæGMNacs¥at
KWrdæGMNacxøaMg. ebIkmμaPi)al bkçCn GgÁkarsñÚls¥at KW
TaMgGs;enHxøaMg. ebIs¥at ebIxøaMgehIy eFVIGVIk¾)anEdr vay
xμaMgQøanBank¾QñH eFVIbdivtþn_sgÁmniymk¾emaHmut ehIy
ksagsgÁmniym EkERbCIvPaBRbCaCnk¾xøaMg.
ebIeyIgGnuvtþkargary:agenH xμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg
elx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
23mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar
RtÚvvay[ricrilral;éf¶ egIbk,alminrYc rkkEnøgRCkBYnmin
eXIj gakeTAxagNak¾CYbEtclnabdivtþn_ gakeTAxagNak¾
CYbEtmhaCneFVIbdivtþn_ gakeTAxagNak¾B¤EtsMeLgeXasna
Gb;rMrbs;bdivtþn_. kargarneya)ay stiGarmμN_ cat;taMg
Cakargarbdivtþn_ vaysRmúkxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg CaRbcaM
ral;éf¶ eFVITukçeKalCMhrk,t;rbs;va[regÁaHregÁI eFVITukçsti
GarmμN_rbs;va[PitP½y tk;søútral;éf¶ qáwHeqáólrukerIvamin
[vaBYksm¶MenATIkEnøgNa)anTaMgGs;. ebIvaenAEtrwgcecs
minsþab;sc©Fm’bdivtþn_ minEkERb vanwgRtÚvRbCaCn mhaCn
pþnÞaeTasvaCaminxan.
sUmsgát;bBa¢ak;fa eyIgRtÚvykcitþTukdak;eFVIkargar
enH[)aneRcInenAkñúgCYrbkS.
edIm,Ie)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg[)ans¥atdac;
xatEfmeTot ehIy[)ans¥atCaRbcaM kuMcaMmanxμaMgeTIbe)as
sm¥atenaH eyIgRtÚvykcitþTukdak; CMrujclnaeFVIkargar
eXasna Gb;rM cat;taMg BRgwg BRgIksRmitsRmaMgenAkñúgCYr
bkS CYrmhaCn nigkgT½B. GgÁkarcat;taMgTaMgGs; kmøaMgTaMg
Gs; keRmIk rMeBIkskmμRbyuT§CaRbcaM e)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;
suIrUgépÞkñúg ehIyksagBRgwg BRgIkkmøaMgbdivtþn_ [kan;Et
xøaMgkøaQaneTAykC½yCmñHbdivtþn_CabnþbnÞab;.
3¦ vaysRmúk CMrujkargaredaHRsayCIvPaBRbCa
Cn[)antambkSkMNt;
ehtudUecñH )anCaRtÚvvaysRmúkCMrujkargaredaH
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y:agem:c nigkare)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg?
kargarvaysRmúkCMrujkaredaHRsayCIvPaBRbCa
Cn KWCakargarsñÚlmYyEbgEckRBMEdnc,as; rvageKalCMhr
esñhaCati esñhaRbCaCn k,t;bdivtþn_ k,t;bkS. Tal;Et
manTsSn³ eKalCMhrrYmsuxrYmTukçCamYyRbCaCn mhaCn
eTIbKitKUredaHRsayCIvPaBRbCaCn. bkSeyIg KitKUredaH
RsayCIvPaBRbCaCn mhaCnCab;Canic©. kmμaPi)all¥
yuT§Cn yuT§narIl¥ KitKUredaHRsayCIvPaBRbCaCn mhaCn
Cab;Canic©. cMNucenH pÞúyRsLHBIxμaMg. xμaMgcMhkþI xμaMg
bgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúgkþI edayvak,t;Cati k,t;RbCaCn k,t;bdivtþn_
dUecñaH vaminEdlKitKUredaHRsayCIvPaBRbCaCnTal;Et
esaH. minEmnRtwmEtminKitKUredaHRsay xμaMgRKb;RbePT
vaEfmTaMgbMpøajCIvPaBRbCaCneTot. vaeFVI[RbCaCnGt;
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bMpøajTwk bMpøajRsÚvBUC bMpøajsMNab bMpøajCI bMpøajeKa
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bMpøajsBV bMpøajRKb; eFVIy:agNa[EtRbCaCneyIgGt;Xøan
KμanhUb. xμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg vabMpøajmaK’aedaHRsayCIv
PaBRbCaCnrbs;bkS edIm,Ibgá[RbCaCnmanTMnas;CamYy
bkS ehIgeBlenaH vagayeXasnabMEbkRbCaCnBIbkS nig
GUsTajykRbCaCneTAxagva.
ebIRKb;shCIB RKb;shkrN_ RKb;mnÞI-RksYg RKb;
GgÁPaBxitxMGnuvtþmaKa’edaHRsayCIvPaBRbCaCn[)an
tambkSkMNt; ehIyebImanxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg vaeFVIskmμ
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bgáb;suIrUg[bkS dUecñaH vaBi)aklak;muxmat; lak;skmμPaB
rbs;va)anNas;.
CIvPaBrbs;RbCaCnkan;EteLIgx<s;ral;²qñaM \T§iBl
rbs;bkS rbs;rdæGMNacbdivtþn_ kan;EteLIgx<s;ral;²qñaM
RbCaCnkan;EtmanCMenO nigkk;ekþAelIbkS elIrdæGMNac
enaH xμaMgbgáb;suIrUbépÞkñúg nigRtÚvRbCaCne)assm¥atCabnþ
bnÞab; eRBaHvaCaxμaMgsRtÚvpÞal; b:HBal;dl;plRbeyaCn_én
CIvPaBRbcaMéf¶rbs;RbCaCn rbs;smUhPaB.
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épÞkñúg[Cab; eTIbe)assm¥atva)ans¥atdac;xat ehIys¥at
CabnþbnÞab;
sMNUmBrénkare)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg KW
e)assm¥atxμaMg[s¥atpg RbmUlkmøaMgBRgwg nigBRgIkkmøaMg
RKb;Epñk[)anl¥pg ehIybMeBjParkic©karBarRbeTs eFVI
bdivtþn_sgÁmniym nigksagsgÁmniym [)anxøaMgkøaCab;
Canic©pg. eyIgRtÚvkþab; nigGnuvtþtamsMNUmBrenH[)an.
Tal;Etkþab; nigGnuvtþsMNUmBrenH)anl¥ eTIbmin {eqVg} min
{sþaM} kñúgkare)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUbépÞkñúg.
knøgmkkEnøgCaeRcIn)anGnuvtþtamsMNUmBrenH)an
l¥ edayecHrYmpSM)anCitsñiT§ rvagkargare)assm¥atxμaMg
bgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg nigkargarRbmUlkmøaMg ksagkmøaMg BRgwg
BRgIkkmøaMg nigkargarkarBarRbeTs kargaredaHRsay
TMnas;épÞkñúg kargarplitkmμelIksÞÜyCIvPaBRbCaCn.
ehtuenH clnabdivtþn_enAtamkEnøgTaMgenaH KμanGVIraMgsÞH
rGak;rGYl manEtelOneTAmuxKμanQb;Qr. QrelIeKal
CMhrbdivtþn_dac;xat vayxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg eyIgEbgEck
xμaMgCaeRcInRbePT. eyIgvay[cMxμaMgbgáb;EdlCak,al
eXareXAputelx. eyIgGUsTaj Gb;rMGñkTaMgLayNa
EdlKñaPan;RcLMedayeraytamxμaMg eRBaHminyl; b¤eday
ehtupldéTepSg². eyIgGnuvtþ[)anl¥ nigmanRbsiT§PaB
nUvmaK’aseNþasrbs;bkS. ebIeyIgGnuvtþ)an[y:agenH KW
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KWmkBI °
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dæan.seRmcEttameKalCMhrÉkCnrbs;xøÜnmñak;².
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rbs;bkSdUceBalxagelI
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tRmg;TsSneKalCMhr stiGarmμN_ karcat;taMg[Tan;eBl
evla.
karxVHxatTaMgenH eyIgcaM)ac;EkERb[)anCabnÞan; kuM
Tuk[manteTAeTot naM[b:HBal;dl;plRbeyaCn_rbs;bdivtþn_
eyIg.
eyIgRtÚvkþab;sMNUmBrénkare)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suI
rUgépÞkñúg[Cab; edIm,Ie)assm¥atvakñúgzan³eyIgeFVICam©as;kar
vaysRmúkxμaMgCayuT§sa®sþ. ebIpÞúyBIsMNUmBrenH KWeyIg
e)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg kñúgzan³eyIg)at;m©as;kar
nigkñúgzan³karBarxøÜnrt;BIeRkayxμaMgrhUt. y:agenHeTaHbICa
eyIge)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg)an Etclnabdivtþn_
minelOneTAmux tamsMNUmBrelatepøaH nigmhaelatepøaH
rbs;bkS eRBaHCab;rvl;edaHRsaybBaðasμúKsμajepSg²
EdlekItmaneLIgBIerOge)assm¥atmins¥at.
5¦elIkkm<s;sμartIRbúgRby½tñbdivtþn_[x<s;Canic©kal
tamBiesaFknøgmk kñúgkare)ass¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUg
épÞkñúg ebIRKan;EtmansμartIRbúgRby½tñbdivtþn_xagTsSn³
eKalCMhr stiGarmμN_b:uNÑwg minRKb;RKan;eT. caM)ac;RtÚv
eFVIkargarCak;EsþgmYycMnYndUcCa ³
1¦cuH[Cab;mUldæan
2¦]sSah_tamdanBinitükargar
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4¦kþab;RbvtþirUbrbs;kmμaPi)al[Cab;
5¦ksagBRgwgBRgIk nwgsRmitsRmaMgGgÁkarcat;
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6¦Gnuvtþlak;karN_ dwknaMRbCaFibetyüRbmUlpþúM[
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sPaBkarN_e)assm¥atxμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñúg kMBug
mansPaBl¥RbesIr. xμaMgbgáb;suIrUgépÞkñ úg CaPñak;gar
es>GuI>Ga Pñak;garbeRmIyYn nig ka>ehS>eb kMBug)ak;Cabnþ
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épÞkñúgbkSeyIg kan;Ets¥at kan;EtxøaMg. épÞkñúgRbCa
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s¥atkan;EtxøaMg. clnavaysRmúkkarBarRbeTseFVIbdivtþn_
sgÁmniym nigksagsgÁmniymkan;Etl¥RbesIr.
eyIgBRgwg nigBRgIkclnabdivtþn_eyIg[xøaMgkøateTA
eTot edayykcitþTukdak;e)assm¥atxμaMgsuIrUgépÞkñúg CaPñak;
gar es>GuI>Ga CaPñak;garyYn Ca ka>ehS>eb [s¥atdac;xat
EfmeTot.
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eday TukRbBn§ kUnBIrnak; nig«BukmþayekμkenAvtþbnøas¥it.
munecjdMeNIreTAvtþsVayEp¥m RbBn§rbs; b:ul )anlYcyk
masmYytmøwgeTA[ b:ul edaydak;enAkñúgehae)A:exakñúgrbs;
b:ul. eBlenaHRKÜsar b:ul )annaMKñayM eRBaHKitfaQøbnwg
yk b:ul eTAsmøab;. eXIjdUecñH b:ul k¾)anniyaylYg
elamRkúmRKÜsarrbs;Kat;fa {Kat;nwgminmanbBaðaeT kuM)armÖ
GI}. b:ul )anecjeTAvtþsVayEp¥mCamYyexaGavCab;nwgxøÜn
mYykMebør nigRkmamYyb:ueNÑaH. vtþsVayEp¥m enAeBlenaH
CakEnøgEdlRbmUlpþú MGñkCemøósEdlQøb)aneRCIserIs
mkBIRKb;PUmiXuMkñúgextþ. eRkayeBl b:ul cakecjBIRKÜsar
)anbnþic kμÜyRbsarrrbs;Kat;eQμaH fn EdleFVIkarenAPUmi
)aneTAtamrk EtedayrkKat;mineXIj fn k¾)anykG‘Yn
rbs;Kat;mkrkSaTuk. eBleTAdl;vtþsVayEp¥m Qøb)an
erobcM)aynigsmøedImeck[hUb ehIyEfmTaMgRbkasR)ab;
GñkCemøósfa {kuMP½y)armÖ GgÁkarmin[dac;eBaHsøab;eT KWeTA
TINaKWmanhUbenATIenaH}. b:ul )anedkenAsalaeronCab;
vtþsVayEp¥mmYyyb; RBwkeLIgKat;k¾Kk;exaGavrYcykeTA
halenArbgsalaeron Rsab;EteBlenaH {taFuc} CaKN³
tMbn; )anekaHehAGñkCemøóseTARbCuM. b:uEnþedayxøac)at;
masEdldak;kñúgehae)A:exaEdlhal eTIb b:ul min)aneTA
cUlrYm. ecjBIkEnøgsñak;enA b:ul )anB¤ taFuc Rbkastam
emRkÚsYrrkeQμaHKat;fa {B¤dMNwgmitþ b:ul mkTIenHEdrem:ck¾
mineXIj}. eRkayBIRbCuMcb; manRKÚbeRgónmYycMnYnmk
xSwbR)ab;Kat;fa taFuc KN³tMbn;CaRKÚbeRgón eTIbKat;dwgfa
taFuc CamitþPkþirbs;Kat;EdlbeRgónenAsalae)aHRBIg
CamYyKña EdlkalenaHmaneQμaHfa {RKÚqaM}. eBlenaH
taFuc k¾)anykRKÚ²EdlFøab;sÁal;KñamYycMnYneTAeFVIkar
CamYy edayRbKl;Parkic©[caMbBa©úHbBa©ÚlRbCaCn Edl
CemøósecjBIpÞH[R)ab;BIRbvtþirUbBitR)akd enAmþúMeRkal
eKa kñúgRsúksVayRCúM.
cMENk b:ul sñak;enAsalaeronCitvtþsVayEp¥m)an
ry³eBlmYyGaTitü GgÁkark¾Rbkas[RtLb;mkCYbCuMRbBn§
kUn nigmþayenAPUmicMbk;ekagXuMtasYsvij. eBlenaH kμÜy
Rbsarrbs;Kat;eQμaH fn k¾)anykG‘YnmkRbKl;[Kat;
vij. b:ul sñak;enApÞH)anBIréf¶ GgÁkark¾mkehAKat;[eTA
eronsURtenAvtþtasYs edayGgÁkarEbgEckRKÚbeRgón Gñk
Føab;eFVITahan[rs;dac;edayELkBIKña ehIyGñkRKb;RKgenA
TIenaHeQμaH fn RtÚvCakμÜyRbsarrbs;Kat;. eRkABI b:ul
GgÁkark¾ehA«Bukekμkrbs;Kat;eTAeronsURtEdr edayecaT
«BukekμkKat;fa {TahanBak;s½kþi4} ehIyk¾)at;xøÜnrhUtdl;
sBVéf¶enH. GñkEdlnaM«BukekμkKat;eTAeBlenaH KWCabgb¥Ún
CIdUnmYyxag«BukekμkKat;Etmþg. enAsm½yenaH b:ul k¾man
bgBIrnak; mñak;eQμaH G‘uk sy eFVIkargarenAPUmi eRkaymk
)aneLIgeFVIkarenAXuM RtÚv)anGgÁkarcab;xøÜnbBa¢ÚnmkXuMXaMg
enAKukTYlEsøg edayb:ul)aneXIjrUbftbgRbúsKat; taMg
enAKukTYlEsøg eRkayrMedaHqñaM1979. muneBlcab;bg
rbs;Kat; emPUmi nigemXuM kmμaPi)alEdlbBa¢ÚnmkBIPUmiPaK
nirtI )ancab; KN³Rsuk nigKN³tMbn;ykeTAGs;ehIy.
b:ul )ansñak;enA nigeronsURtenAvtþtasYs EtGgÁ
kark¾)anGnuBaØat[Kat;mkelgRKÜsar)anBIrbIdgEdr eRBaH
mankμÜyRbsarRKb;RKgenATIenaH. CaerOy²GgÁkar)anehA
GñkEdlmaneQμaHenAeronsURtTaMgGs;[mkRbCuM rYcehIy
[sEmþgBIPaBesμaHRtg; edayR)ab;BItYnaTIBitR)akd eday
GgÁkarEtgelIkeLIgfa dUcCa {tab:ul} Kat;R)ab;BIkarBiteFVI
Ca {RKÚbeRgón}. b:ul eronsURtenAvtþtasYs)anry³eBl
bIEx GgÁkark¾edaHElgKat;[mkrs;enACuMRKÜsarvij. eBl
mkdl;pÞH Kat;RtÚv)anbn§Úrbnßy[mansiT§iesrIPaBCagmun
nigGacedIreTAkEnøgepSg²)an eRBaHKat;)anykG‘Ynrbs;
Kat;edIrbg;RtI ykmkRbKl;[shkrN_edIm,IeFVImðÚb[smaCik
kghUb. cMENkmðÚbGahar Kat;)anhUbEq¥t edayKat;Gac
dutRtIhUbenAtamval bwg nigGaclak;Tukykmk[RbBn§kUn
enApÞHhUb)anEfmeTot. b:ul enAEtcgcaM nigrMB£kBIG‘YnEdl
eFVI[Kat;rYcrs;CIvitmkTl;sBVéf¶.
rhUtdl;kgT½BevotNamvaycUl enAedImqñaM1979
GgÁkar)anCemøós b:ul nigRKÜsarmkdl;PaKxagt,ÚgRsúk
kMBg;RtEbkCab;mat;Tenø sßitenAkñúgextþéRBEvg. eBlKat;
kMBugrkTUkqøgeTAeRtIymçageTot Rsab;EtKat;eXIjkgT½B
evotNamkMBugedIrelImat;RcaMgTenømçagenaHehIy dUecñHKat;
k¾eKcmkenAPUmikMeNItvij.
enAeBlenaH GaCJaFrextþ nigCMnajkarevotNam
)anmkehAKat;[cUleFVIkarxagEpñkGb;rMvij EtKat;)an
bdiesFedaysuMenApÞHmYyqñaMsinedIm,IeFVIERsciBa©wmRKÜsar.
eRkaymk edayxagGb;rMmanGñkRKb;RKgrYcehIy b:ul
k¾mkRKb;RKgmNÐlkumarkMRBa enAextþsVayerog ehIyenA
GMLúgeBlenaH Kat;k¾RtÚv)ancat;taMg[eFVICaGnuRbFankak
)aTRkhmextþ eRBaHKat;Føab;manbTBiesaFn_xagTTYlCMnYy
mnusSFm’ kñúgrbbsaFarNrdæExμr. eBleFVIkarenAkak)aT
Rkhmb:ul )ansuMCMnYyBIGgÁkar has>;es>EG‘r (H.C.R) edIm,I
ksagPUmieck[eTACaPUmiKMrU xagEpñkksikmμ sib,kmμ mnÞIreBTü
nigsagsg;salaeroneck Edlbc©úb,nñviTüal½yeck. mk
dl;qñaM1990 b:ul )anlaElgBIkargar ehIynaMRKÜsar
RbBn§kUnmkrs;enAPñMeBjrhUtdl;sBVéf¶.
esam b‘unfn
bgRbúsrbs; G‘uk b:ul eQμaH G‘uk sy GtItKN³XMutasYs RtÚv)an
GgÁkarcab;xøÜn rYcbBa¢ÚnmkXMuXaMg nigsYrcemøIyenAmnÞIrsnþisuxs-21
b¤KukTYlEsøg enAqñaM 1978. ¬rUbft ³ TYlEsøg¦
EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtþisa®sþnigkarRsavRCavelx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa28
sBVéf¶eTaHbI esg suIm manCIvPaBsmrmü nigCa
naykmCÄmNÐlKruekaslüPUmiPaKextþkMBg;camehIyk¾
eday k¾elakenAEtminGacbMePøcnUverOgr:avCUrct;énkar
RBat;R)as;bgb¥ÚnenAkñúgrbbExμrRkhmEdr. CaerOy²suIm
EtgEtniyayR)ab;kUn²GMBIerOgravrbs;Kat;. CaBiess
enAeBlEdlKat; nigRkúmRKÜsareFVIdMeNIrqøgkat;PUmiéRB
RsLaj;mþg² Kat;EtgEtrMB£kR)ab;kUn² nigsmaCikRKÜsar
GMBIbTBiesaFn_CIvitrbs;Kat; nigRkúmRKÜsarTaMgmUlEdl
)anmkrs;enAkñúgPUmienH kñúgrbbExμrRkhm.
esgsuIm ekItenAqñaM1964 enAPUmiGMBilelI XuMGMBil
RsukkMBg;esom extþkMBg;cam. munqñaM1970 Kat;rs;enA
edaysuPmgÁlCamYyRkúmRKÜsar Edl«BukmþayRbkbrbr
eFVIERs nigcmáar. mþayrbs;Kat;eQμaH sy ln; rIÉ«Buk
eQμaH esg Es. suIm KWCakUnRbúseBAenAkñúgcMeNambgb¥Ún
cMnYnbInak;.
enAqñaM1973 suIm nigRkúmRKÜsarRtÚv)anExμrRkhm
Cemøós[eTArs;enARsúkéRBQr extþkMBg;cam EdlCatMbn;
rMedaHrbs;ExμrRkhm. enHCaeKalkarN_rbs;ExμrRkhm
EdlekogKrRbCaCnenAtamCnbTnana [eTArs;enAtam
tMbn;EdlxøÜnrMedaH)anBIrbb ln; nl;. enAtMbn;rMedaH
RKÜsarrbs;Kat;)anrs;enACYbCuMKña nigRbkbrbreFVIERscmáar
dEdl.
enAéf¶TI17 Exemsa qñaM1975 eyaFaExμrRkhm
)anpþÜlrMlMrbbsaFarNrdæExμr ehIyenAkñúgqñaMdEdl RKÜsar
rbs;Kat;RtÚv)anExμrRkhmCemøóseTAenAPUmiEt,gvij. enA
TIenaHCIvPaBRKÜsarrbs;Kat;cab;epþImCYbkarlM)akedaysar
ExμrRkhmepþImcat;taMgRbCaCn[hUbcuktamEbbshkrN_.
eTaHbICaGgÁkarGnuBaØat[RKÜsarKat;rs;enACuMKñak¾eday k¾
smaCikmñak;²RtÚv)ancat;taMg[eFVIkargarerog²xøÜnEdr.suIm
min)ancUleroneT KWKat;RtÚv)anGgÁkarcat;taMg[enAkñúgkg
kumarmanParkic©XValeKa edIrerIsGacm_eKa nigedjkNþúrenA
tamvalERs CamYykumarepSgeTotenAkñúgkg. TaMgenHCa
kargarlM)aksRmab; suIm eRBaHKat;RtÚveFVIkarerogral;éf¶
edayminmaneBlevlasRmak. eTaHbIKat;eFVIkargareRcIn
y:agNak¾eday k¾Kat;minEdlTTYl)an
rbbGaharhUbRKb;RKan;Edr KWKat;TTYl
)anEtbbrlayCamYyRtkYn b¤dMLÚg
bnþicbnþÜcb:ueNÑaH.
bnÞab;BIrs;enAPUmiEt,g)anmYy
ry³ RKÜsarrbs; suIm RtÚv)anCemøósbnþ
eTA kEnøgepSg²eTot.mkdl;qñaM1977
RKÜsarrbs;Kat;RtÚv)anbBa¢ Ún[eTArs;
enAPUmiéRBRsLaj; EdlCaPUmicugeRkay
EdlKat;rs;enArhUtdl;rbbExμrRkhm
RtÚv)anpþÜlrMlM enAqñaM1979. PUmiéRB
bMePøcmin)an
rUbxageqVg ° esg sIum naykmCÄmNÐlKruekaslüPUmiPaKextþkMBg;cam nigelak v:an;fan;
eBAdar:a naykrgmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa enAkñúgkmμviFIebIkvKÁbNþúbNþalRKÚmUldæansþIBIviFIsa®sþ
beRgónRbvtþisa®sþkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü ¬qñaM1975-79¦ enAmCÄmNÐlKruekaslüPUmiPaK
extþkMBg;cam.
elx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
29mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtþisa®sþnigkarRsavRCav
EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtþisa®sþnigkarRsavRCavelx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa30
RsLaj; KWCaPUmiEdl suIm caMminePøc edaysarEtKat;)an
)at;bg;bg²TaMgBIrrbs;Kat;.
enAkñúgqñaM1978bgRbúsrbs; suIm RtÚv)anExμrRkhm
cab;ykeTAsmøab;ecal bnÞab;BIExμrRkhmRsavRCavrkeXIj
fa bgrbs;Kat;Føab;)aneronsURt nigmancMeNHdwgeRcIn.
suIm )anbBa¢ak;fa munrbbExμrRkhm bgRbúsrbs;Kat;)an
erondl;fñak;TI2 ¬sgÁmcas;¦ EdlsBVéf¶esμInwgfñak;TI11.
enAeBlEdlExμrRkhmnaMbgRbúsrbs;Kat;eTA ExμrRkhm)an
niyayfa ykKat;eTArs;enAPUmifμI EtExμrRkhmEbrCayk
bgRbúsKat;eTAsmøab;enAPñMRbúsPñMRsIeTAvij. enAkñúgqñaMdEdl
bgRsIrbs;Kat;k¾)ansøab; edaysarkarhUbminRKb;RKan;
nigCMgWEdlminmanfñaMsgáÚvsRmab;Büa)al. cMENk suIm RtÚv
)anbMEbkecjBImþayCaTIRsLaj;rbs;Kat;. mþayrbs;
Kat;RtÚv)anExμrRkhmcat;taMg[eTAeFVIkarenAPUmitaln enA
q¶ayBIPUmiEdlKat;rs;enA. cMENk«Bukrbs;Kat;minRtÚv)an
cat;taMg[eTAeFVIkarenAq¶ayBIPUmieT EteTaHbIy:agNaKat;min
sUv)anCYbmux«BukeT BIeRBaHTaMgKat; nig«BukRtÚv)anbMEbk
[eFVIkargarerog²xøÜn. enAeBlEdl«Bukrbs;Kat;ecjeTA
P¢ÜrERs Kat;RtÚveTAXValeKa edIrerIsGacm_eKa nigedjkNþúr
enAtamvalERstaMgBIRBwkrhUtdl;RBlb;eTIbRtLb;mkdl;
kgvij. Kat;CYb«BukEteBlyb;b:ueNÑaH. cMENkrbb
Gahar minmanGVIeRkABIbbrlayRtkYn nigdMLÚgeT dUecñHedIm,I
bMeBjesckþIeRskXøan Kat;)anebHsøwkeQINaEdlGac
hUb)an niglYccab;kþamtamERsmkduthUb enAeBlEdl
Kat;ecjeTAXValeKa edIrerIsGacm_eKa nigedjkNþúrenA
tamvalERsmþg².
enAqñaM1979 enAeBlEdlKat;edIrXValeKaenAtam
valERs Rsab;EtKat;)aneXIjTahanmYyRkúmkan;kaMePøIg
enAnwgéd ehIy)anERskR)ab;Kat;[ekogeKacUlkñúgPUmivij
eRBaHmankar)aj;KñarvageyaFaExμrRkhm nigkgT½Bevot
Nam. eBlKat;mkdl;PUmi Kat;)aneXIjRbCaCnnaMKña
erobcMGIv:an;erogxøÜn. kar)aj;tTl;Kña kan;EtxøaMgeLIg²
dUecñHKat; nigRbCaCnepSgeTotk¾)annaMKñart;eKcecjBIPUmi
eTABYnsm¶MenAtamvalERsedIm,IsuvtßiPaB. EtsMNagl¥suIm
)anCYbmþayrbs;Kat;enAtampøÚvenAeBlkMBugrt;eKcxøÜn.
karvayRbyuT§Kña)anRbRBwtþeTAGs;ry³eBlBIréf¶. eRkay
mk rbbExμrRkhmRtÚv)anpþÜlrMlM ehIyRKÜsarrbs;Kat;k¾
)anvilRtLb;mkRsukkMeNItvij.
eRkayrMedaH)anmYyqñaM suIm )ancUleronfñak;TI3
enAsalabzmsikSaGgÁr sßitenACitnaKB½n§ kñúgRsúkkMBg;
esom. enAeBlcUleron)anmYyry³ Kat;RtÚv)anGnuBaØat
[eLIgfñak;TI4 bnÞab;BIRKÚeFVIdwgfa Kat;ecHGan nigsresr
)an. eRkaymk Kat;k¾RtÚv)anGnuBaØat[epøaHcUleronfñak;
TI5 ehIyenAqñaM1984 Kat;k¾)anbBa©b;GnuviTüal½y. suIm
)anbnþkarsikSaenAviTüal½yRBHsIhnu kñúgRkúgkMBg;cam nig
)anRbLgbBa©b;enAqñaM1987. enAqñaMdEdl Kat;)ancUl
eronenAsaklviTüal½yPUminÞPñMeBj EpñkTsSnviCöa. bnÞab;
BIeronry³eBlbYnqñaM Kat;k¾)anRtLb;mkbeRgónenAsala
KruekaslüviRkitkarextþkMBg;camvij.
suIm )anerobkarenAqñaM1992.bnÞab;BIerobkar)an
mYyqñaM Kat;k¾)anpøas;BIsalaKruekaslüviRkitkar eTAeFVIkar
enAmCÄmNÐlKruekaslüPUmiPaKextþkMBg;camvij. enA
eBlenaH Kat;)aneFVIkarenAkñúgkariyal½ysikSa ehIyeRkay
mkKat;k¾RtÚv)anEtgtaMgCaGnuRbFankariyal½ysikSa.
suIm eFVIkarenAmCÄmNÐlKruekaslüPUmiPaK)anmYyry³ k¾
RtÚv)anEtgtaMgCanaykrgmCÄmNÐlKruekaslüPUmiPaK
extþkMBg;cam. rhUtmkbc©úb,nñ suIm )ankøayCanaykmCÄ
mNÐlKruekaslüPUmiPaK extþkMBg;cam.
sBVéf¶ suIm mankUnbInak; edaykUnc,grbs;elak
kMBugeronGnubNÐit nigeFVIkargar. kUnTIBIrkMBugeron fñak;
briBaØabRt.cMENkÉkUneBArbs;kMBugeronfñak;TI5.bc©úb,nñ
eTaHbIRKÜsarrbs;Kat;rs;enAedayPaBsb,ayrIkray nig
mansuPmgÁlk¾eday k¾Kat;minGacbMePøcerOgr:avBIGtItkal
rbs;Kat;)anEdr. Xag esgehOn nig Em:n BiciRt
elakta C½y sarit Gayu70qñaM CaGtItTahan ln;
nl;. Kat;CaCnrgeRKaHmñak; kñúgcMeNamCnrgeRKaHrab;lan
nak; EdlFøab;)anrgTukevTna nigrYcrs;CIvitBIrbbExμrRkhm.
enAeBlrMB£kGtItkal sarit )anerobrab;fa Kat;RtÚv)an
eRCIserIs[cUleFVICaTahan ln; nl; kñúgGMLúgqñaM1971.
eBlEdlKat;cUleFVICaTahandMbUg Kat;)aneRbIeQμaHepSg
mYyeTot KW b‘un sarI. enAGMLúgeBlenaH sarit )aneTAeron
yuT§sa®sþs®gÁamenAram ry³eBlRbmaNknøHEx. eRkay
eBlbBa©b;vKÁsikSa sarit RtÚv)anfñak;elIcat;taMg[eTAQr
eCIg nigRbyuT§CamYyExμrRkhmenAtMbn;sit,Ú nigenAtMbn;
sVayrlM.
eRkayrbb ln; nl; RtÚv)andYlrlMenAéf¶17 Ex
emsa qñaM1975 ExμrRkhmcab;epþImeFVIkarCemøósRbCaCn
edaybgçMecjBITIRkúg nigTIRbCuMCnnana [eTAkan;CnbTcug
kat;mat;jk. sarit k¾sßitkñúgcMeNamGñkCemøósTaMgenaH
Edr ehIyeBlenaHKat;manPaBtk;søúty:agxøaMgcMeBaHTidæ
PaBEdlKat;)aneXIj kñúgGMLúgeBlEdlKat;eFVIdMeNIr.
ExμrRkhm)an)aj;smøab;RbCaCnNaEdleFVIdMeNIryWty:av
nigbdiesFcMeBaHkarbnþdMeNIreTAmux. sarit )aneXIj
eyaFaExμrRkhm)aj;smøab;Tahan ln; nl; EdleyaFa
ExμrRkhmTaMgenaHcMNaMmux)an. eTaHCay:agNa sarit
)anlak;GtþsBaØaNEdlxøÜnCaGtItCaTahan ln; nl; )an
y:agl¥.
sarit manbMNgeFVIdMeNIreTA
RsukkMeNItÉPUmiBUnPñM XuMRtBaMg
sab Rsuk)aTI extþtaEkv b:uEnþbg
Rbúsrbs;Kat;)anXat;[enACa
mYy enAXuMkNþwg Rsuk)aTIvij.
sarit sñak;enACamYybgRbús
Kat;)anBIrbIéf¶ emkgmñak;eQμaH
mut EdlCaGtItmitþrbs; sarit
)anesñI[ sarit eFVICaesμón nig
C YytamrkRbCaCnNaEdlCa
GtItTahan ln; nl;. KμannrNa
mñak; Edlrs;enAkñúgPUmi)andwgGMBI
GtItPaBrbs; sarit eT KWmanEtbgRbúsbegáItrbs; sarit
mñak;b:ueNÑaH. TaMgemkg nigGñkepSgeTot )andwgRtwmfa
sarit KWCaGñkelgePøgburaNmñak;.
sarit min)andwgGMBIeKalbMNgénkarrk nigRsg;
eQμaHGñkEdlCaGtIt Tahanln; nl; enaHeT ehIyKat;k¾sYr
eTAemkgGMBIbBaðaenH. edaymankarrab;GanKñaCitsñiT§ nig
TukcitþKña emkg mut )anlYcxSwbR)ab; sarit fa karEdl[eFVI
enH KWedIm,IRbmUlykeTAsmøab;ecal. RKan;EtB¤BaküTaMg
enHPøam sarit PitP½yy:agxøaMg eRBaHKat;k¾CaGtItTahan
´mincg;sgswkeT
C½y sarit )anpþl;bTsmÖasn_Tak;TgCIvitkñúgrbbExμrRkhmdl;buKÁliksμ½RKcitþmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
Kwmhuk enApÞHrbs;Kat;enARsuk)aTI extþtaEkv.
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ln; nl; mñak;Edr RbsinebImanGñkdwgBIerOgenH R)akdNas;
vasnarbs;Kat; k¾minxusBITahanTaMgenaHEdr. sarit )an[
dwgfa GMLúgeBlEdlmankarRbkas[GtItTahan ln; nl;
mkcuHeQμaH manmnusSeRcInNas;mkcuHeQμaH eRBaHGñkTaMg
enaHeCOfa ExμrRkhmnwgbBa¢Ún[eTAeFVIkarkñúgmuxtMENgdUcedIm
vij. b:uEnþTaMgenH RKan;EtCakare)akR)as;rbs;ExμrRkhm
b:ueNÑaH GñkEdlcuHeQμaHTaMgb:unμanRtÚv)anExμrRkhmykeTA
smøab;enAkñúgvtþkekaH.
minyUrb:unμan sarit RtÚv)anGgÁkarcat;taMg[eTACIk
ERBkmYyenACitPñM extþkMBg;s<W CamYynwgmnusS200 eTA
300nak;epSgeTot. mnusSCaeRcIn)ansøab;GMLúgeBleFVI
karedaysar karGt;Xøan CMgW nigkarsmøab;. sarit bnþfa
Kat;min)anhUbRKb;RKan;eT eRBaHGgÁkarEckEtrbbGgárbI
kMb:ug[bbrmYyxÞH nigtRmÚv[CIkERBkenaHrhUtem:ag10
yb; eTIbGnuBaØat[sRmak. bnÞab;BIbBa©b;karCIkERBk
sarit RtÚv)anGgÁkarbBa¢ÚnmkPUmivij. mkdl;PUmi GgÁkar
)ansYr sarit faecHrkRtIb¤eT? ebIecH GgÁkarnwgbBa¢Ún[eTA
rkRtIenAbwgedIm,IpÁt;pÁg;shkrN_. eBlenaHKat;k¾eqøIyfa
ecH ebIeTaHbICaKat;minecHk¾eday eRBaHKat;Kitfa rkRtIman
PaBgayRsÜlCagkargareFVI ERs.
enAkñúgkgensaTenAÉbwg sarit )anrMB£kfa dMbUg Kat;
nigsmaCikRkúm hUbEtbbrb:ueNÑaH b:uEnþeRkaymk edaysar
EtemkgensaTCamnusScitþFm’ k¾)anGnuBaØat[Rkúmrbs;
Kat;daM)ay nigeFVIRtIhUbRKb;RKan;. elIsBIenHeTAeTot
smaCikkgensaTTaMgGs;suT§Etmankg;CiHmñak;mYypg. kar
hUbcukRKb;RKan;EbbbenH)anEtknøHExb:ueNÑaH eRBaHkg
Qøb)andwgerOgenH ehIyraykarN_eTAfñak;elI. fñak;elI
)ansþIbenÞasdl;emkgensaT nig)anENnaMfa minRtÚvdaM
)ayhUbeT eRBaHRbCaCndéTeToteRcInNas;xitxMeFVIERs
ehIy)anRtwmrbbbbrb:ueNÑaH. eRkABIenH GgÁkarelIk¾)an
dkykkg;TaMgGs;eTotpg.
minyUrb:unμan sarit RtÚv)anGgÁkardkmkeFVIERsvij.
sarit )anrMB£kfa eBlmkeFVIERs Kat;min)anhUbcukRKb;RKan;
eT KWTTYl)anEtrbbbbrrav²b:ueNÑaH. edaysarEtPaB
Gt;Xøan sarit )anRbfuyCIvitlYcdMLÚghUbCaeRcIndg.
Kat;enAcaM)anfa manéf¶mYy eBlEdlKat;kMBuglYcdMLÚg
QøbbInak;)antamKat;Tan; RBmTaMg)anvayTat;Fak; nig
KMramsmøab; RbsinebIcab;Kat;lYcdMLÚgelIkeRkayeTot.
sarit sÁal;GñkTaMgbIenaHc,as;Nas; KWmaneQμaH suwm/ xn
nig PaB. GñkTaMgbI nigsarit KWCaGñkEdlFøab;rab;GanKña
Nas;knøgmk. eTaHbICamankarKMramsmøab;k¾eday b:uEnþ
edaysarEtGMNacénesckþIeRskXøan sarit enAEtRbfuy
CIvitrkGahar b¤lYcdMLÚg edIm,IcEm¥tRkBHdEdl. CaP½BV
sMNag Kat;minEdlRtÚv)anQøbtamTan;enaHeT.
enAedImqñaM1979 rbbExμrRkhmRtÚv)andYlrlM
eRkamkarvayrMedaHBIsMNak;T½BrNsirSsamKÁIse®gÁaHCati
km<úCa nigkgT½Bsμ½RKcitþevotNam. sarit )an)at;bg; bg
Rbúsmñak; nigkUn3nak;. enAGMLúgqñaM1984 sarit )ancUl
beRmIkargarrdæ edayeFVICaQøbPUmi ehIyeRkaymkeTot
RtÚv)aneRCIstaMgCaGnuRbFanXuM nigeFVICaemXuM.sarit )an
rMB£kfa éf¶mYymankarehAeTAeronsURtvKÁneya)ayenABhu
kILdæanenATIRkúgPñMeBj. eBlenaH Kat;)aneXIjQøbTaMgbI
EdlFøab;)anvayeFVI)abKat; eBlEdlKat;lYcdMLÚgenATI
enaHEdr. Kat;mankMhwg nigcg;sgswkGñkTaMgbIy:agxøaMg
eXIjdUecñH GñkTaMgbIk¾)annaMKñaeKcxøÜnecjBIKat;. sarit
manGarmμN_eBareBjedaykMhwg nigKitkñúgcitþfa RbsinebI
cab;GñkTaMgbI)annwgvaysmøab;minxan. Kat;)annaMKñaeTA
tamcab; b:uEnþGñkTaMgenH)aneKcxøÜnputehIy. sarit )an
RtLb;mkpÞHvijbnÞab;BIrkGñkTaMgbImineXIj ehIyeBlenaH
GarmμN_rbs;Kat;k¾hak;FUrRsalbnþic nigKitkñúgcitþfa {Qam
minKYrRtÚvsgedayQam} enaHeT. taMgBIeBlenaHmk Kat;
minEdlmanKMnitKuMKYnnwgGñkEdlFøab;eFVI)abKat;eToteLIy.
e)a: Kwmhuk
enA Gag )anrMB£kR)ab;´GMBIbTBiesaF_CIvitEdlKat;
Føab;)anCYbRbTH nigqøgkat;kñúgrbbExμrRkhm. CayuvCn
sßitkñúgv½y17qñaM Gag )ansμ½RKcitþcUlrYmclnats‘Ubdivtþn_
ExμrRkhm bnÞab;BIkarRbkasrbs;semþc sIhnu [RbCaCn
cUléRBm:akKI eFVIkarts‘URbqaMgrbb ln; nl; Edlman
GaemrikKaMRT.
cUlts‘UdMbUg Gag RtwmCasmaCikmñak;enAkñúgXuMRBH
niBVan RsúkKgBisI extþkMBg;s<W b:ueNÑaH. mYyry³eRkaymk
eyaFaExμrRkhm)anmkbeRgónKat;BIRTwsþIbdivtþn_ nig
k,ÜnswkxøH²dl;RbCaCnenAkñúgPUmi ehtuenH Gag k¾seRmc
citþesñIsuMcUleFVIeyaFaExμrRkhmEdlmanmUldæanenAXuMéRB
ekμg kñúgextþkMBg;s<WdEdl.
GMLúgeBlhVwkhat;eyaFa Gag )an[dwgfa Kat;)an
eronbec©keTseFVIs®gÁam nigTTYlkarbMBak;bMb:nmenaKmn_
viC¢a EdlbeRgónedayRKÚCnCatiExμr nigevotNam. Gag
)anbnþfa RKÚevotNambeRgónEtyuT§viFIc,aMg nigrebobeRbI
R)as;sBVavuFb:ueNÑaH. enAqñaM1973 RbFantMbn;33 )an
dak;bBa¢a[eyaFaTaMgGs; eRtómecjc,aMgtTl;nwgTahan
ln; nl; edaytRmÚv[eyaFaExμrRkhmTaMgGs;cab;epþIm
vayBItMbn;eBRCnil cUleTAextþkMBg;s<W nigextþkNþal.
éf¶TI17 Exemsa qñaM1975 eyaFatMbn;33 nig
tMbn;epSg²)anvaycUldl;TIRkúgPñMeBj b:uEnþRkúmrbs; Gag
minRtÚv)anfñak;elIGnuBaØat[cUlRkúgenaHeT edaycat;taMg
[eTAQreCIgenARsúkkNþalsÞwg extþkNþal kñúgtMbn;25
EdlsßiteRkamkarRKb;RKgrbs; taGan vij. enATIenaH Gag
RtÚv)anGgÁkarcat;taMg[RbcaMkarenAkñúgPUmi ehIyeBlxøH
Kat;k¾RtÚvtRmÚv[edIrGegátemIlRbCaCn esuIbCIvRbvtþi
RbCaCnfμI nigdwkCBa¢Únes,ógBIRsúkekaHFMmkPUmi.
Gag )anerobrab;GMBIsßanPaBRbCaCnEdlCemøós
mktMbn;25fa RbCaCnTaMgGs;)anTTYlrbbGgárkñúgmYy
enA Gag GtIteyaFaExμrRkhmtMbn;25
enA Gag )anpþl;bTsmÖasn_Tak;TgCIvitkñúgrbbExμrRkhmdl; sYs sakl buKÁliksμ½RKcitþmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa. bc©úb,nñ Gag sñak;enAvtþ
ekaHsuRkM XMuRTa RsukkNþalsÞwg extþkNþal.
elx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
33mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtþisa®sþnigkarRsavRCav
EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtþisa®sþnigkarRsavRCavelx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa34
RKÜsarbIkMb:ug nigGMbil1søabRBa. enAqñaM1976 tMbn;25
)anbegáItCashkrN_ dUecñHtRmÚv[RbCaCnTaMgGs;hUb
rYm. dMbUgRbCaCnTTYlrbb)ay RtI nigsac; b:uEnþmYyry³
eRkaymk RbCaCn)anTTYlRtwmrbbbbrrav²b:ueNÑaH Edl
pÞúyBIkgT½BEdlTTYlrbb)ay nigcMNIGaharepSg²erog
ral;eBl.
enAqñaM1977 Gag RtÚv)anfñak;elIpøas;[eTAeFVIkar
enAPUmiRtBaMgsVa XuMRTa RsúkkNþalsÞwg extþkNþal eday
Kat;sñak;enAmþúMKuksg;. enATIenaH Gag )aneronsURtBIRTwsþI
kumμúynIsþ nigk,Ünswk eRkamkarbgðat;beRgónrbs;embBa¢akar
tMbn;25. mþgmáal Kat;RtÚv)anembBa¢akarcat;Kat;[naM
sMbuRteTA[RbFanKuksg;. eBlcUleTAkñúgmnÞIrXuMXaMg
Kat;)aneXIjGñkeTasCaeRcInedkrNUkrENlelIdI nigxøH
eTotkMBugTTYlrgTaruNkmμBIsMNak;qμaMKuk. GñkeTasPaK
eRcInRtÚvqμaMKukdak;Rcvak;eCIgCaCYr nigxøHeTotcgep¥abnwg
edImeQI. Kat;)anerobrab;fa éf¶mYy Kat;)anyksMbuRtmYy
eTA[RbFanKuk EtRbFanKukenaHmin)anniyayGVIeT. Kat;k¾
)anlbsaksYreyaFayamenAKukEdr BIRbvtþiemKuk EtKμan
GñksÁal;fa emKukrUbenaH CaGñkNa mkBItMbn;NaeT KWdwg
Rtwmfa Kat;eQμaH m:ug Etb:ueNÑaH. Gag )anbBa¢ak;fa Gñk
eTasPaKeRcInsuxcitþeqøIybMepøIskarBit edIm,IrYcxøÜnBIkar
eFVITaruNkmμBIGñksYrcemøIy. eBlqμaMKuksaksYrrYcehIy
GñkeTasxøHRtÚv)andwkecjeTAeRkAKuk b¤ykeTAsmøab; rYc
kb;enAkñúgreNþAEdlsßitenAEk,r²KukEtmþg. PaKeRcInGñk
EdlCab;XuMkñúgKuksg; KWCaRbCaCnfμIEdlCemøósBIRkúg
PñMeBj ehIyk¾manCnCaticin nigevotNamEdr.
enAqñaM1978 embBa¢akarPUmiPaKrbs; Gag )anbBa¢Ún
eyaFaCaeRcIneTAc,aMgCamYyevotNamenARsúkekaHFM nig
taEkv b:uEnþKat;minRtÚv)anbBa¢Ún[eTAsrPUmienaHeT eday
fñak;elITuk[Kat;enAyamkñúgPUmi. GñkEdleTAsmrPUmi PaK
eRcIn)ansøab; BikarédeCIg nig)at;xøÜnCaeRcInnak;. enAcug
qñaM1978 manclnabHe)arBIsMNak;RbCaCnRbmaN
300nak; EdlRtÚv)aneKsÁal;fa CaRkúmExμrs EdlnaMKña
tv:aerOghUbcukminRKb;RKan; nigTamTarlkçxNÐmYycMnYn.
BIrbIéf¶eRkaymk GgÁkar)annaMxøÜnGñkRbqaMgTaMgenaHeTAdak;
Kuksg; nig)at;xøÜnrhUtedaymineXIjGñkTaMgenaHvilmkPUmi
RsukvijeT.
enAExFñÚ qñaM1978Gag )anB¤RbCaCnniyayBIkgT½B
rNsirSse®gÁaHCatikm<úCa EdldwknaMeday ehgsMrin EtenA
PUmiPaKKat;minmanGñkNaP½yRBÜyenaHeT edayKitfanwgmin
GacpþÜlrMlMrbbExμrRkhm)anedaygay²enaHeT. rhUt
dl;Exmkra qñaM1979kgT½BrNsirS )anvaycUltMbn;25
tamextþtaEkv ehIyeBlenaHeyaFaExμrRkhm )an)ak;T½B
rt;ecalCYr edayxøHCiHm:UtU xøHCiHLan nigxøHCiHrfeRkaHeKc
ecjBItMbn;enaH. Gag min)anrt;ecalPUmiRsúkeT KWKat;bnþ
rs;enAPUmiRtBaMgsVadEdl b:uEnþKat;rs;edaylak;GtþsBaØaN
CaeyaFaExμrRkhmrhUtmk.
Gag )ane)aHbg;ecalCIvitCaeyaFaExμrRkhmcab;
taMgBIRbeTskm<úCaRtÚv)anrMedaHedayrNsirSse®gÁaHCati
km<úCa nigkgT½Bsμ½RKcitþevotNam ehIy)anRbkbrbrCa
ksikreFVIERs enAPUmiRtBaMgsVarhUtdl;sBVéf¶ nig)anerob
karCamYynarI EdlFøab;rs;enAGgÁPaBCamYyKñakalBIsm½y
ExμrRkhm. sBVéf¶ Gag )anmkrs;enAvtþekaHsuRkM XuMRTa
RsúkkNþalsÞwg edIm,IbeRmIRBHsgÇ. Gag cg;eFVI[citþrbs;
Kat;s¶b; nigbMePøcerOgr:avBIGtIkal eBareBjedayrbYsTaMg
ragkaynigpøÚvcitþEdlKat;Føab;CYbRbTH.Gagbnþfa Kat;min
cg;[RbeTskm<úCa Føak;cUlkñúgs®gÁammþgeTotenaHeT eRBaH
Gñkxatbg;KWCaExμr ehIyKat;k¾mincg;[ekμgCMnan;edIrtam
eRkayKnøgcas;naM[RbeTsexÞcxÞaMmþgeTotEdr. Gag sMNUm
Br[«BukmþayKYrEtbeRgónRbvtþisa®sþExμrRkhmdl;kUn²
CMnan;eRkay[Kat;)anyl;BIGVIEdlExμr)anqøgkat; nigkuM[
ekμg²TaMgenaHKuMKYnKñaEdlnaM[Gnþraydl;sgÁmCati.
sYsskl
y:g; rIm ePTRbús Gayu64qñaM sBVéf¶rs;enAkñúgPUmipÞr
XuMvalBg; Rsúk]dugÁ extþkMBg;s<W. rIm manRsukkMeNItenAPUmi
TYllaP sgáat;«eLak xNÐeBaF×EsnC½y raCFanIPñMeBj.
rIm manbgb¥Ún6nak; nigman«BukeQμaH yuk y:g; ¬søab;¦
mþayeQμaH GuWm Ca ¬søab;¦. rIm CaekμgkMRBamþaytaMgEtBI
GayuR)aMqñaMmkemø:H. RbBn§rbs; rIm eQμaH h‘un em:A ehIy
sBVéf¶enH rIm mankUncMnYn8nak; ¬Rbús4nak; RsI4nak;¦.
munqñaM1970 rIm )aneronRtwmfñak;TI9 {cas;} ehIy
)anQb;eronenAqñaM1967. enAqñaMdEdl rIm )anbYseron
enAkñúgvtþGgÁsþúk EtKat;RtÚveTAeronenAvtþsVaymas enAXuM
RbTHLag RsukkNþalsÞwg extþkNþalvij. rIm bYs)an
ry³eBlbYnvsSak¾ swkmkvijenAqñaM1971.
enAqñaM1971 eRkayeBlswk rIm )ansμ½RKcitþcUl
bdivtþn_ edaydMbUgenAxagkgT½BrMedaH enAPUmiPaKBiess
sßitenAPaKBay½BüPñMeBj P¢ab;BIRsúk»r:al;Tl;nwgextþekaH
kug. rIm )aneFVIkarenAkñúgkgBlelx23 EdlmaneQμaH
eCom CaRbFanRKb;RKg. rIm )anTTYltYnaTICasñgkarneya
)ayvresnatUcelx52kþab;T½BcMnYn120nak; vayRbqaMg
nwg ln; nl;. rIm )anTTYlbnÞúkGb;rMkgT½BEpñkneya)ay
Gb;rMstiGarmμN_ dl;kgT½B[mansμartIvayxμaMgral;ecj
eTARbyuT§enAelIsmrPUmi.
enAqñaM1975 rIm RtÚv)anExμrRkhmcat;taMg[eTA
vayBIpøÚvCatielx4 mkTl;nwgextþkMBg;qñaMg. rIm )ancUl
vayenAsmrPUmiCaeRcInelIk edaydMbUgeLIy vayenAmþúMpøÚv
Catielx4 ¬GgÁtaLwk¦ )atdwg ]dugÁ pSarRtac nig lEgVk
edayTTYlC½yCmñHral;elIk. rIm )anbnþfa enAeBlcUl
Cab;KukedayKμanmUlehtu
y:g; rIm )anpþl;bTsmÖasn_Tak;TgCIvitkñúgrbbExμrRkhmdl; Xut dalIn buKÁliksμ½RKcitþmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa enARsuk]tþúgÁ extþkMBg;s<W.
elx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
35mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtþisa®sþnigkarRsavRCav
vaykñúgsmrPUmimþg²EtgmanT½Bsøab; nigrbYsBI5eTA10
nak; ehIyExμrRkhmminEdlTuksBecalenaHeTeTaHbIsRtÚv
)aj;sn§ab;mky:agNak¾eday k¾RtÚvlUneTAyksBTaMgGs;
mkvijEdr.
rhUtdl;eyaFaExμrRkhmvayEbkTIRkúgPñMeBj enA
qñaM1975 rIm k¾)ancUlPñMeBjEdr tammuxsBaØaeBaF×cintug
Twkl¥k; eBTüelaksgÇ nigsn§rm:uk CamuxsBaØaEdlExμrRkhm
dak;[. enAeBlEdl rIm cUldl;PñMeBj KWmanPaBs¶at;RCgM
bnÞab;mk rIm RtÚv)anExμrRkhmbBa¢a[CemøósRbCaCnecj
BIRkúgPñMeBj eTAtampøÚvCatielx4 [Gs;kñúgry³eBl7éf¶.
rIm )anCemøósRbCaCn[eTAtamvtþGgÁtaLwk sMedA)at;dwg
¬xaglic¦ EdlenATIenaHmankmøaMgExμrRkhmenAcaMTTYlCa
eRsc. rIm enAkarBar nigerobcMRkúgPñMeBjRbEhlCa3-4
Ex.bnÞab;mk rIm )anesñIsuMGgÁkaredIm,IerobkarCamYynarImñak;
Edl)anRsLaj;Kñaedaysμ½RKcitþ.
eRkayeBlerobcMRkúgrYcral;ehIy ExμrRkhmk¾)an
rMsayGgÁPaBrbs; rIm [eTAeFVIkarenAtamkgcl½tvij
edayeBlenaHKat;mantYnaTIkþab;kgcl½tenAkñúgRsúk26
¬Rsúk]dugÁ¦ eFVIERs nigbgábegáInpl. enAcugqñaM1975 rIm
RtÚv)anGgÁkardk[mkeFVIERsR)aMg enAtambeNþayTenø
kñúgextþkNþal rhUtdl;Ex]sPa qñaM1977. eRkABIkargar
ERs rIm )anciBa©wmman;)anRbEhlCa200-300k,al
eTot ehIyenATIenaH Kat;EtgEtlYcGnuBaØat[yuvCnEdl
esñIsuMeTAelgpÞH edaymin[GgÁkardwgeLIy.
enAqñaM1977 rIm RtÚv)anyaylI nigtamUl EdlCa
KN³tMbn;cab;dak;KukenAPñMRtBaMglVa edayKμanmUlehtu.
ehtukarN_enaH)anekIteLIgRbEhlem:agCag5l¶ac eday
rIm RtÚv)aneKcab;xøÜn rYcdwktamLanykeTAdak;enAmnÞIrXuMvtþ
GUr. rIm )anKitkñúgcitþfa GgÁkarcab;eTAefμIrenH R)akdCaRtÚv
ykeTAsmøab;Cak;Caminxan. eBlmkdl;mnÞIrXuMvtþGUr KN³
tMbn; yaylI nigtamUl )ancuHeTARbCuMCamYyemXuM edayTuk
rIm ecalenAelILan. eBlenaH rIm )aneXIjQøbekμg²
manGayuRbEhlCa15qñaM s<aykaMePøIgswgEtminputdIQr
TIenaHEdr. eRkayeBlKN³tMbn;RbCuMcb; GñkebIkbr)andwk
Kat;ykeTAdak;enAmnÞIrRsúk)at;dwgmYyyb;BIréf¶. bnÞab;
mk k¾)anbBa¢ÚnKat;eTAXuMXaMgenAPñMRtBaMglVa.
GMLúgeBl rIm Cab;KukenAPñMRtBaMglVaenH RbBn§rbs;
Kat;k¾RtÚv)anGgÁkarcab;dak;KukenAsμac;Edr edayecaTRbkan;
fa rIm )anlYcrt;eTARsúkyYn. enAkñúgKukRtBaMglVa rIm RtÚv
)anGgÁkarcat;[eFVIek,Óg manGñkRKb;RKgeQμaH ln;. enA
kñúgKuk manGñkeTasRbmaN20eTA30nak; manRbúsmanRsI
enAlayKña. enATIenaH rIm Føab;)aneXIjExμrRkhmsmøab;
mnusSedayecaTfa {ekItsVay}. rIm mankarP½yxøacy:ag
xøaMg ehIyxitxMeFVIkareTVeLIgedIm,IykcitþGñkRKb;RKg eRBaH
ebIx¢ilR)akdCasøab;muneKminxan. rIm eFVIkarswgKμaneBl
Qb;sRmak eBldutek,Ógmþg² Kat;RtÚvenAemIlEfePøIgL
TaMgéf¶TaMgyb; ry³eBlCitmYyGaTitü eTIbek,Ógq¥in.
ek,ÓgEdlplit)anRtÚvbBa¢ÚneTAtamXuMsRmab;Rbk;dMbUl
CRgúkRsÚv b¤bBa¢ÚneTAmnÞIrXuMtamkaresñIsuM. enAGMLúgeBl
Cab;XuMenATIenaH rIm minRtÚv)anGñkRKb;RKgeFVITaruNkmμeT
EtRKan;EtminmansiT§iedIrehIr nigminGacmkCYbRkúmRKÜsar
sUm,IEtpÞHRbCaCnenACit²enH k¾minGacedIreTAelg)an
Edr. rIm Cab;KukenAPñMRtBaMglVarhUtdl;qñaM1979.
enAeBlEdlEbkqñaM1979 rIm )anrt;eTAenAvtþta
eBag kñúgXuMeCIgrs;. bnÞab;mk Kat;k¾rt;bnþeTATisxaglic
rhUtdl;PUmiGgÁdMrIRTg; k¾)anCYbCamYybgéfø. rIm )anCiH
reTHeTARsukCamYybgéfø. rIm min)anvilRtLb;eTApÞHedIm,I
CYbCuMRbBn§kUneT KWKat;)anRtLb;eTAenARsúkkMeNItenAPUmi
TYllaPCamYy«Bukedayminh‘anRtLb;cUlRsúk eRBaHxøac
RbCaCns¥b; nigsmøab; eRBaHKitfaxøÜnCakgT½Brbs;ExμrRkhm.
eRkaymk RbBn§kUnrbs; rIm k¾)aneTAyk rIm BIpÞH«Bukmk
enAkñúgPUmivij ehIy)anrs;enACYbCuMRbBn§kUneday)an
RbkbrbreFVIERsrhUtdl;sBVéf¶enH.Xut dalIn
36 mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
elx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtþisa®sþnigkarRsavRCav
CIvit)a:rbs;´eQμaH e)a: eQog )anqøgkat;ePøIg
s®gÁamtaMgBIsm½y
ln; nl; mkemø:H Edl
eBlenaHKat;sßitkñúg
v ½yekμgenAeLIy.
karRbyuT§Kñarvagkg
T½Bln; nl; nig kgT½B
bdivtþn_ExμrRkhmekIt
eL IgCaj wkjy.
RKÜsar)a:rbs;´Edl
rs;enAXuMeKakRtb; RsúkkNþalsÞwg extþkNþal )annaMKña
ePosxøÜnmkenAEk,rRsúk)aTI EdleRkaymktMbn;enaHRtÚv
)anehAfa Kuksg;. minEmnEtRKÜsarrbs;)a:´EdlePos
xøÜnmkenaHeT manRKÜsarCaeRcIneTot k¾ePosxøÜnecjBIkar
RbyuT§KñaenHEdr. edayTItaMgEdlRKÜsarrbs;)a:´ePos
xøÜnmkrs;enA sßitkñúgtMbn;ExμrRkhm ehtuenH GñkTaMgGs;
KñaRtÚvRbúgRby½tñCanic©cMeBaHkarvaylukrbs;kgT½B ln;
nl;. )a:rbs;´ RtÚvBrb¥ÚnRbústUc edIrerIsdMLÚg edIm,IhUb
cEm¥tRkBH ehIyeBlxøHRtÚvrt;cUlelNdæanPøam² enAeBl
EdlB¤sMeLgynþehaHTmøak;RKab;EbkehaHmkkan;EtCit.
eBlxøHRKÜsarrbs;Kat; RtÚvbgçMcitþnaMKñart;eTAedkkñúgéRB enA
eBlEdlkgT½B ln; nl; ebIkkarvayRbharCamYynwgkgT½B
ExμrRkhm.
bnÞab;BIC½yCmñHrbs;kgT½Bbdivtþn_ExμrRkhmenAéf¶TI
17 Exemsa qñaM1975 RKÜsar)a:rbs;́ )anseRmccitþnaMKña
eFVIdMeNIrmkRsukkMeNItenAÉPUmiRKaMgéFμ XuMeKakRtb; Rsúk
kNþalsÞwg extþkNþalvij. eBlmkdl;PUmi )a:rbs;´)an
[dwgfa RbCaCnRtÚv)anGgÁkarbMEbkecjBIRKÜsar [eTAeFVI
kartamRkúm b¤kgerog²xøÜn. )a:rbs;´EdleBlenaHemIl
eTAmaDragFMbnþicEmn b:uEnþKat;manv½yxÞg;10qñaMenAeLIy
RtÚv)anGgÁkarcat;taMg[cUlkñúgkgkumar EdlmankatBVkic©
ErkGacm_eKa ErkkNþab; elIkRbB½n§PøWERs CIkRbLay nig
kab;T®nÞanExRtykmkeFVICI. luHeRkaymk )a:rbs;´RtÚv
)anGgÁkareRCIserIscUlkñúgRkúmv½yCMTg; edaymanParkic©
emIlEf nigXValeKa. smaCikv½yCMTg;rbs;Kat; mansmaCik
srub10nak; RtÚvemIl nigXValeKacMnYn100k,al. )a:
rbs;´ nigRkúmrbs;Kat; RtÚvXValeKaBItMbn;cmáarEkv enA
sVaybIedIm rhUtdl;edImRKg nigkþak; EdlmanTItaMgenACit
pøÚvrfePøIg. Kat;)anrMB£kR)ab;́ fa eBleFVIkarenAkñúgRkúmXVal
eKa Kat;hak;dUcCamanesrIPaBxøH eRBaHmanEtcas;²BIrnak;
EdlenARKb;RKgelIRkúmrbs;Kat;. Rkúmrbs;Kat;eRcInXVal
eKakat;éRB kat;val ehtuenH karhUbcukminEmnCabBaða
sRmab;Kat;eT eRBaHKat;GacebHEpøeQIhUbbEnßm)an dUcCa
EpøRtEbk etñatTuM kMBIgetñat nigRtIEdlmanenAkñúgreNþARKab;
eb mkeFVImðÚb)an. éf¶mYyemeKa)anekItkUnmkgab; cas;²
TaMgBIr )anykkUneKarlUtenaH mkeFVICaGaharEckKñahUbEt
mþg edaymin)anraykarN_eTAGgÁkarBIerOgenHeT.
munkardYlrlMénrbbExμrRkhmmYyqñaM )a:rbs;´)an
esñIsuMkarGnuBaØatBIemkgmkelgpÞH)anBIrbIdg. )a:´mindwg
famanerOgGVIekIteLIgeT enAeBlmankarvaylukBIsMNak;
kgT½BevotNam KWKat;enAXValeKaEtb:ueNÑaH. Etedaysar
kEnøgKat;XValeKa sßitenAEk,rpøÚvCatielx3 Kat;k¾)an
eXIjk,Ünrfynþrbs;kgT½BevotNam CaeRcIneRKÓg nigB¤
karRbkastamemRkÚfa TIRkúgPñMeBjRtÚv)anrMedaHehIy!
EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtþisa®sþnigkarRsavRCav
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa 37
elx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
)a:´minEdldwgfamankarsmøab;mnusSenaHeT
e):a eQog ftenATsvtSr_qñaM80
)a:´k¾)aneXIjRkdasRtak;sresrBIkarrMedaHTIRkúgPñMeBj
Edr EteBlenaHKat;minyl;n½y xøwmsarTaMgenaHeT.
luHRBwkeLIg eTIbGñkXValeKa EdlmanRsúkkMeNIt
CamYyKat; )anbbYlKat; eTArkRKÜsar nigRtLb;mkRsúk
kMeNItvij. RKÜsar)a:rbs;´ )aneFVIdMeNIrRtLb;mkRsúk
kMeNIt b:uEnþ)anCYbCamYynwgeyaFaExμrRkhm k¾RtÚvExμr
RkhmekoreTACamYyrhUtdl;tMbn;Kuksg; eTIbRKÜsar)a:eKc
xøÜn nigeFVIdMeNIrbnþmkRsúkkMeNIt. )a:rs;enARsúkkMeNIt
min)anyUreT karvayRbyuT§rvagkgT½BrdæaPi)al nigExμr
Rkhm)anekIteLIgCafμI CaehtueFVI[RKÜsar)a:rbs;́ seRmc
citþcakecjBIRsúkkMeNIteTArs;enAPUmieck Edlsßitkñúg
tMbn;bwgeCIgÉk EdleRkaymkRtÚv)anRbCaCnkm<úCasÁal;
CaTUeTAfa {valBiXatbwgeCIgÉk}. mkdl;bwgeCIgÉk
)a:rbs;´min)aneXIjsaksBeT EtGVIEdlKat;)aneXIj
RtwmEt EdkfñaMgGMeBAcgCamYyRkmasRmab;cgvayeFVI
TaruNkmμ FugfñaMBul nigfμsMelogkaMbitCaedIm. Kat; nig
RKÜsarrs;enAPUmieck)anmYyry³ k¾RtLb;eTArs;enARsuk
kMeNItvij bnÞab;BIsßanPaBenATIenaHnwgnr nigElgmankar
RbyuT§KñaeTot.
GVIEdleFVI[´cab;GarmμN_enaHKW GMLúgeBlEdl)a:
rbs;´rs;enA nigeFVIkarkñúgrbbExμrRkhm Kat;minFøab;)andwg
fa rbbmYyenH)aneFVITaruNkmμ nigsmøab;mnusSy:ageXar
eXAEbbenHeLIy. bnÞab;BIrbbExμrRkhm)andYlrlM eTIb
Kat;)andwgBIbBaðaenHRtwmEtB¤BIkarniyayBImat;mYyeTAmat;
mYyb:ueNÑaH. Kat;cab;epþImdwgc,as; enAeBlEdlmankarcak;
bBa©aMgvIDIGUrbs;extþ nigRkúmmCiÄmsþIBIPaBynþÉksarBIGVI
Edl)anekIteLIgenAtMbn;PñMsMeBA extþ)at;dMbg. tamry³
kunÉksar Kat;)aneXIjmnusSsøab;CaeRcIn eTIbdwgc,as;fa
BitCamankarsmøab;rgÁalEbbenHEmn. bBaðapøÚvGarmμN_
)anCH\T§iBlmkelI)a:´rhUtdl;sBVéf¶ edayKat;EtgEt
xøacBaküfa {s®gÁam}. Kat;R)ab;fa Kat;Eq¥tnwgkarrt;eKcBI
karTmøak;RKab;Ebk ehIyKat;k¾mincg;CYb {s®gÁam} eTotEdr.
e)a: Kwmhuk
«Bukrbs; Kwmhuk bc©úb,nñrs;enAPUmiRKaMgéFμ XuMeKakRtb; RsukkNþalsÞwg extþkNþal.
EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtþisa®sþnigkarRsavRCavelx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa38
yay Ca ey:g manGayu75qñaM )anerobrab;R)ab;´
fa Kat;)an)at;bg;bgRbúsBIrnak;enAkñúgrbbExμrRkhm.
bgRbúsmñak;eQμaH Ca Kg; CaRKÚeBTü enAmnÞIreBTüFM nigmñak;
eToteQμaH Ca sUt )aneronsURtx<g;x<s; nigeFVIkargarenA
PñMeBj. cMENkKat; min)aneronsURteT. Kat;)anerobkar
nigrs;enACamYybþIeQμaHyinsn enARsúkkMeNItsßitenAkñúg
PUmidMrIsøab; XuMRTa RsúkkNþalsÞwg extþkNþal.
eRkayrMedaHéf¶17 emsa 1975 ExμrRkhm)an
CemøósRbCaCnedaybgçMecjBITIRkúgPñMeBj nigTIRbCuMCn
nanaenATUTaMgRbeTs.bgRbúsTaMgBIrbs;Kat; )annaMKñaecj
BITIRkúgPñMeBjeFVIdMeNIrmkRsúkkMeNItvij. GMLúgeBlenaH
ExμrRkhmcab;epþ ImbMEbkmnusSecjRKÜsar[eTAeFV Ikar
tamkg tamRkúmerog²xøÜn. yayrbs;´RtÚv)anGgÁkar
cat;taMg[eTAeFVIERs. Kat;)anbnþR)ab;´edayTwkmuxRsgUt
Rsgat;fa kñúgry³eBlCagbIqñaMkñúgrbbExμrRkhm Kat;min
manGaharbriePaKRKb;RKan;eT. edaysarEtsmaCikRKÜsar
Kat;CaGtItbBaØaCn nigGñkrdækar ln; nl; ehtuenH RbCaCn
mUldæanmYycMnYnEtgEtsEmþgkarmineBjcitþ nigmanKMnit
KuMKYnmkelIRKÜsarKat;. éf¶mYy bþIrbs;yayRtÚv)anGgÁkar
cab;xøÜn eRBaHRbFanPUmidMrIsøab; eQμaH tacUc )anraykarN_
eTAfñak;elIfa bþIrbs;Kat;CaxμaMg eRBaHkalBICMnan;s®gÁam
5qñaM bþIrbs;yay]sSah_ecjcUltMbn;xμaMg. elaktaRtÚv
GgÁkarcab;ykeTAXuMenAKuksg;. edayyayBImunmkFøab;
mankarrab;GanCamYyqμaMKuk eTIbqμaMKukGaNit nigGnuBaØat[
Kat;eTAemIltaenAkñúgKuk)an. yay)anerobrab;R)ab;´BI
TidæPaBEdlKat;)aneXIjkñúgKuksg;enaHfa bþIKat;RtÚv)anqμaM
dak;kñúgbnÞb;CamYyGñkeTasCaeRcInepSgeTot edaydak;Rcvak;
Cab;nwgkeCIg. kñúgrbbExμrRkhm Kat;mindwgc,as;fa Kuksg;
køayCakEnøgsRmab;smøab;
mnusSrab;Ban;nak;EbbenH
eT. elaktaRtÚvXuM niglt;dM
enAkñ úgKuksg;ry³eBlbIEx
eTIbGgÁkaredaHElg bnÞab;BI
rkmUlehtuecaTKat;fa CaxμaMg
mineXIj. GMLúgeBlEdl
elaktaCab ;X u MXa MgenaH
tacUc EdlmanKMnitKuMKYn Etg
Etrkv iF IeF V I)abyaybnþ
eTot. yayenAcaM)anfa
maneBlmYyKat;minRby½tñ
k¾)aneFVI[EbkBagTwk eBl
bgRbússøab;edaysarkarraykarN_
Ca ey:g )anpþl;bTsmÖasn_Tak;TgRkúmRKÜsarrbs;Kat;Edlqøgkat;rbbExμrRkhmdl; Kwmhuk buKÁliksμ½RKcitþ
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa enARsukkNþalsÞwg extþkNþal.
elx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
39mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtþisa®sþnigkarRsavRCav
enaH tacUc )anraykarN_R)ab;GgÁkar nig)anecaTKat;fa
CaxμaMgbMpøicbMpøajRTBüsm,tiþrbs;GgÁkar. b:uEnþ yaymin
RtÚv)anTTYlBin½yeT RKan;Et tacUc eFVIkarRbCuMTietonkñúg
eBlhUbrYmb:ueNÑaH. erOgmYyeTotEdl tacUc eFVI)ab
yay KW muneBlEdltaRtÚvGgÁkarcab;xøÜn yaymanépÞ
eBaHrYcehIy b:uEnþ tacUc eBlenaH )anecaTyayfa man
sahasμn; GMLúgeBlEdlbþIkMBugCab;XuMXaMg. tacUc )an
cat;RbBn§rbs;Kat;eTAsYrnaMyayBIbBaðamanépÞeBaHenH ehIy
Kat;eTAsYrtaenAkñúgKukEdredIm,IepÞógpÞat;cemøIy. RbsinebIta
nigyayeqøIycemøIyxusKña tacUc nwgmanehtuplRKb;
RKan;kñúgkarsmøab;yayminxan. TIbMput cemøIyrbs;yay
nigtadUcKña eTIbeFVI[yayrYcrs;CIvittaMgBIeBlenaHmk.
tacUc minRtwmEteFVI)abRKÜsaryayb:ueNÑaHeT EfmTaMg
RbmUlykmasrbs;yaymYycMnYnpg b:uEnþbnÞab;BIrbb
ExμRkhm)andYlrlM tacUc )anykmas EdlenAesssl;
xøHmkRbKl;CUnyayvij.
erOgEdlyaybMePøcmin)an nigesaksþaybMput
enaH KWkar)at;bg;bgRbúsTaMgBIrrbs;Kat;. bgRbúsTaMg
BIrrbs;yayRtÚv)anGgÁkarcab;ykeTAsmøab; eRBaHeBl
enaHmanGñkRcENnnwgbgRbúsTaMgBIrrbs;yay Edlman
kargarl¥ nigeronsURt)anx<g;x<s;kñúgsgÁmcas;. dUecñH Rbvtþi
rUbbgRbúsTaMgBIrrbs;yay k¾RtÚv)anraykarN_R)ab;eTA
GgÁkar.
bgRbúsTaMgBIrrbs;yay RtÚv)anGgÁkarykeTA
smøab;knøHEx munrbbExμrRkhmdYlrlM. dUecñHedIm,IkuM[
manBarCamYyrbbExμrRkhmeTot sBVéf¶yay)anpøas;
mksñak;enAvtþedIm,IeronFm’Gaf’.
e)a: Kwmhuk
dMNwgEsVgrkBU nigmIgnag´eQμaH kb davI CakUnrbs;elak«BukeQμaH eBA kb.
«Buk´ekItenAqñaM1930 enAPUmisUsiteRkam XuMdMNak;knÞÜt
RsukkMBg;Rtac extþkMBt. Kat;man«BukeQμaH eBA kan; nig
mþayeQμaH G‘u¿ qin.
«Buk´ eBA kb )ancUlrYmkñúgclnaExμr\sSr³enACMnan;
GaNaniKmniym)araMg. eRkaymk Kat;)aneTATIRkúghaNUy
RbeTsevotNam.
enAqñaM1954 Kat;)anerobkarCamYyRbBn§CnCati
evotNam nigmankUnRsIBIrnak;. enAqñaM1970 Kat;)ancUlmkkm<úCavij edIm,IvayRbqaMgnwgGaemrik ehIyeRkaymk
eTot ´RKan;Etdwgfa Kat;RtÚv)anExμrRkhmsmøab;.
CacugeRkay ´RKan;Etdwgfa «Bukrbs;´manb¥ÚnRbúseQμaH eBA h‘un nigb¥ÚnRsIeQμaH eBA h‘m. sBVéf¶ ´enAEtcg;
CYb nigsgÇwmfa BUmIg nwg)aneXIj´ ehIyGacmkrk´ ¬kμÜy¦ enAmnÞIreBTüFM ¬RBHektumala¦ eRBaHsBVéf¶ ´CaRKÚeBTümFüm
enAmnÞIreBTüenH. BIkμÜYy kb davI
EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtþisa®sþnigkarRsavRCavelx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa40
¬tcb;¦
elakRsI v:an;lI )ankt;smÁal;fa P½sþútagedImbNþwg
rdæb,evNImYyénP½sþútagEdlmanlkçN³b:HTgÁicxøaMgBIRtaM
kk; KWkar)at;xøÜnmitþPkþi nigsmaCikRKÜsar. elakRsI v:an;lI
)anrMB£kR)ab;GgÁCMnuMCRmHfa kar)at;xøÜnGaccg¥úlCaGMeBI
GmnusSFm’ b:uEnþBYkeKk¾Gaccg¥úlfaCabriyakasP½yxøac
EdlCaectnamYykñúgkareFVI[eTACaTaskr.
elakRsI v:an;lI )anEføgfa bT]RkidækmμepSg²eTot
Edl)anRbRBwtþenARtaMkk; KWrYmman kareFVITaruNkmμ nigkarXuM
XaMg. elakRsI k¾)anEføgeTotfaskçIkmμrbs;edImbNþwgrdæ
b,evNIEdl)anerobrab; KWmankarcab;xøÜnrbs;edImbNþwg
karvaydM kareFVITaruNkmμ nigkarXuMXaMg.
bBaðasMxan;mYyeTotenARtaMkk; KWmankareFVITukçbuk
emñjsasnaeTAelIBuT§sasnik. elakRsI )ankt;smÁal;
fa GgÁCMnuMCRmHFøab;)anB¤ehIyGMBIskçIkmμénsarsMxan;rbs;
RBHBuT§sasnaenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCaenArbbkm<úCaRbCaFib
etyü. elakRsI)anelIkeLIgfa P½sþútagedImbNþwgrdæb,
evNIGMBIkarbMpøicbMpøaj nigbEgVgsasnakñúgeKalbMNg
GaRkk;.
mnÞIrsnþisuxRkaMgtacan;
bnÞab;mk elakRsI v:an;lI )anelIkbgðajGMBIB½t’man
enAmnÞIrsnþisuxRkaMgtacan;. enATIenaHmanKukFM enAshkrN_
RtaMkk; elakRsI)ankt;smÁal;eXIjfa mnÞIrsnþisuxminRtÚv
)anbegáItedayGectnaeT b:uEnþenHKWCaehtukarN_Cak;lak;
Edl)anekIteLIgkñúgeKalneya)ayrbs;ExμrRkhmkñúgkar
kemÞcsRtÚv edaykareFVITaruNkmμ karsmøab; nig karXuMXaMg
enAkñúgmnÞIrsnþisux. edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI2rUb )anpþl;skçI
kmμcMeBaHRKÚsar b¤mitþPkþirbs;BYkeKEdlRtÚv)anykeTA
RkaMgtacan;.
elakRsI)anEføgfa CnrgeRKaHenARkaMgtacan;RtÚv
shemFavItMNagedImbNþwgrdæb,evNIeFVIesckþIsnñidæan
biTbBa©b;kic©BiPakSaedjedalrbs;xøÜn
mnÞIrsnþisuxRkaMgtacan; enARsukRtaMkk; extþtaEkv
elx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
41mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab;
EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab;elx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa42
)andkhUtsiT§i nigesrIPaBrbs;BYkeK ehIyBYkeKRtÚv)andk
hUtsiT§ikñúgkarvinicä½yeTas. elakRsI)anKUsbBa¢ak;GMBI
P½sþútagrbs;edImbNþwgrdæb,evNImYyrUbEdlRtÚv)anXuM
XaMgry³eBl1Ex ehIybnÞab;mk)anedaHElg[eFVIkarenA
xageRkA. edImbNþwg)anpþl;skçIkmμfa Kat;RtÚv)anedaHElg
eRBaHKat;ekμgCageK ehIyRbsinebIKat;R)ab;nrNamñak;
Kat;nwgRtÚvsmøab;. Kat;RtÚv)anedaHElg[emIlEfRkbI
CIkreNþAsaksB EsgsaksBGñkeTaseTAeRkA ehIykb;
saksBenaH. Kat;RtÚv)anENnaM[daMedImdUgenAelIreNþA
saksBTaMgenaH.
elakRsI v:an;lI )ankt;smÁal;fa enHminEmnCaelIk
TImYyenaHeTEdlGgÁCMnuMCRmHkMNt;sßanPaBrbs;GñkeTas
EdlRtÚv)anedaHElgeTAeFVIkarenAxageRkA k¾dUcCaGgÁCMnuM
CRmHFøab;)anTTYlsMeNIcMeBaHGñkeTasmñak;EdlRtÚv)an
GnuBaØat[eFVIkarenAmnÞIrsnþisux s-21 kñúgsMNuMerOg
001. GgÁCMnuMCRmHFøab;)ancg¥úlbgðajGMeBIbTBiesaFn_
énkareFVI[eTACaTaskrkñúgsvnakar ehIyshemFavItMNag
edImbNþwgrdæb,evNIk¾BicarNaeTAelIdMeNaHRsayEdl
Føab;)aneFVIenAkñúgsMNuMerOgenH.
elakRsI v:an;lI )anbgðajBIP½sþútagedImbNþwgrdæb,
evNIEdlCasakSIénkarvaydM nigkareFVITaruNkmμenARkaMg
tacan; CaBiesseTAelI {RbCaCnfμI} EdlminGacRTaMenA)an
elIsBImYyExtamry³karkgVHGahar nigkgVHkarBüa)al.
bnÞab;mk elakRsI v:an;lI )anpþl;evTikaeTAshPata
elakemFavI hug KwmsYn EdlnwgeFVIkarbgðajGMBIP½sþútagenA
mnÞIrsnþisuxs-21mnÞIrsnþisuxPñMeRkal nig mnÞIrsnþisuxGUr
kEnSg.
mnÞIrsnþisuxs-21mnÞIrsnþisuxPñMeRkalmnÞIrsnþisux
GUrkEnSg nigbnSúT§kmμépÞkñúg
elakemFavI KwmsYn )ankt;smÁal;TImYyGgÁCMnuMCRmH
RtÚvkarkMNt;bT]RkidækmμénkarXuMXaMg karsmøab; kareFVI[
eTACaTaskr karbMpøicbMpøaj kareFVITukçbukemñj nigGMeBI
GmnusSFm’epSg²EdlRtÚv)aneFVIeLIgenAmnÞIrsnþisuxTaMg
enaH nigTIBIr GgÁCMnuMCRmHRtÚvkarkMNt;CnCab;ecaTGacnwg
RtÚvTTYlxusRtÚvelIbT]RkidækmμTaMgenaH.
elak KwmsYn )anraykarN_GMBIedImbNþwgrdæb,evNI
296rUb RtÚv)anTTYlsÁal;elImUldæanbT]RkidæecaTRbkan;
enAkñúgmnÞIrsnþisux nigkEnøgRbharCIvit. edImbNþwgrdæb,
evNIBIrrUb )anpþl;skçIkmμcMeBaHbT]RkidækmμEdl)anRbRBwtþ
enAPñMeRkal nigmnÞIrk-11 enAextþmNÐlKIrI. mñak;kñúg
cMeNamedImbNþwgrdæb,evNIRtÚv)anXuMXaMg sYrcemøIy nig
eFVITaruNkmμenAPñMeRkal. Kat;)anpþl;skçIkmμBITukçevTna
EdlKat;TTYl)anenATIenaH. Kat;QWcab;cMeBaHkarEdlKat;
beRmIGgÁkary:agesμaHs½μRK ehIyRtÚvGgÁkarecaTfak,t;
rYccab;mkXuMXaMg. CaBiess «Bukmþayrbs;Kat;RtÚv)an
smøab;edayrbbmYyenHeTot.
elakemFavI KwmsYn )anelIkeLIgbnÞab;enHGMBIbT
]RkidækmμenAmnÞIrsnþisux s-21 Edl)ankt;smÁal;fa enH
minEmnCakarekIteLIgmþgeTotdUcbT]RkidækmμEdl)anRb
RBwtþkñúgsMNuMerOg001eT. tamry³karviPaKénÉksarfμI
kñúgbNþwgenH shemFavItMNagedImbNþwgrdæb,evNI)anrk
eXIjman edImbNþwgrdæb,evNIfμI 114rUb manbgb¥Ún b¤
mitþPkþiEdl)anXuMXaMgenAmnÞIrsnþisuxs-21 ehIyenHnwg
CYytulakarkMNt;faetIbT]Rkidækmμénkardak;Kuk nigkar
bMpøicbMpøajEdl)anekIteLIgenAmnÞIrsnþisux s-21.
edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI10rUb )anpþl;skçIkmμeTAelIbT]Rkidæ
kmμenAmnÞIrsnþisux s-21rYmCamYy CuM muI EdlCaCnrgeRKaH
pÞal;. rIÉedImbNþwgrdæb,evNIepSgeTot)anpþl;skçIkmμeTA
nwgplb:HBal;minpÞal; EdlBYkeK)anrgTukçedaymnusSCaTI
RsLaj;RtÚv)anykeTAsmøab;enAmnÞIrsnþisux s-21.
elakemFavI KwmsYn )anbgðajBIskçIkmμEdl)anmk
BIelak CuM muI eTAelIkareFVITaruNkmμ karsYrcemøIy nigkar)at;
bg;ckçúvijaN nigesatviBaØaNEdlKat;)anrgTukç. elak
emFavI k¾)anBnül;fa elak muI edaymincaM)ac;sarPaB
elx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
43mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab;
b:uEnþGacniyayBIkarQWcab;EdlKat;)anrgTukçenAeBlEdl
Kat;enAkñúgédrbs;GñksYrcemøIy EdlenHKWCamUlehtuEdl
elak muI )anR)ab;BIkarBit nigxøHminBitkñúgcemøIysarPaB
rbs;Kat;. edayELk Éksareyagrbs;Kat;cMeBaH ka>ehS>eb
nig es>GuI>Ga mankMhus b:uEnþ elak muI )anrgTukçy:agxøaMg
edayKat;niyayfa Kat;)anpþl;nUvGVI EdlGñksYrcemøIycg;
)an.
edImbNþwgrdæb,evNIEdlenAsl;kñúgmnÞIrsnþisux s-
21 )anpþl;skçIkmμedayerobrab;GMBIviFIEdledImbNþwgrk
eXIjfasmaCikRKÜsar b¤GñkEdlxøÜnRsLaj;RtÚv)anXuMXaMg
b¤smøab;enAkñúgmnÞIrsnþisux s-21 GMBIRbtikmμeBlEdlrk
eXIj nigkarrgTukçd¾yUrGEgVgedaykarsøab;rbs;mnusSEdl
xøÜnRsLaj;.
bnÞab;mk elakemFavI KwmsYn )anEføgGMBIP½sþútag
EdlTak;TgnwgkarbnSúT§kmμépÞkñúgenAPUmiPaKbUB’a. elak)an
kt;smÁal;GgÁCMnuMCRmH)anykkarBitGMBICMnYy nigkarGnuvtþ
éneKalneya)ayEdlGnuvtþ nigkarBarbdivtþn_bkSkumμúy
nIsþkm<úCaedaykarGb;rMGMBIcMnucGaRkk; nigkarsmøab;sRtÚv
xagkñúg nigxageRkA énCYrbkS edayPaBcaM)ac;NamYy. enH
KWrYmman bnSúT§kmμépÞkñúgenAPUmiPaKbUB’aEdl)ancab;epþImkñúg
qñaM1976.
elakemFavI )anEføgfa edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI118rUb
)anTTYlsÁal;elImUldæanénkarbnSúT§kmμenH nigedImbNþwg
bIrUbEdlCaCnrgeRKaHpþl;énkareFVIbnSúT§kmμ edayerob
rab;BIbTBiesaFn_rbs;eKEdlCaGtItkmμaPi)al nigviFIEdl
BYkeKRtÚv)anrgeRKaHEdlCaeKaledArbs;kmμaPi)al
nigkgT½BenAPUmiPaKbUB’a. edImbNþwgmñak;²)anpþl;skçIkmμ
cMeBaHGarmμN_énkark,t; nigkarPJak;ep¥IlkñúgkareFVIbnSúT§kmμ
enAPUmiPaKbUB’a edaypÞúyRsLHnwgkaresμaHRtg;rbs;xøÜn
cMeBaHrbb. sßanPaBénkarrs;enArbs;kmμaPi)almuneBl
eFVIbnSúT§kmμGacerobrab;fa Bi)akCamYynwgkgVHGahar nigTwk
CaeRcInem:ag. edImbNþwgmYyrUbEdlBikarédedaysarkar
cab;xøÜnenAeBleFVIbnSúT§kmμ )ansYreTACnCab;ecaTfa etIGñk
NaCaGñkTTYlxusRtÚvcMeBaHPaBBikar nigkarlM)akrbs;Kat;
EdlKat;ts‘Ubnþrs;enAdl;bc©úb,nñ?
karRbRBwtþeTAelICnCaticam nigevotNam
elakemFavI eBRC GgÁ )ancab;epþImnUvkarBiPakSaén
karRbRBwtþimkelICnCaticam. Kat;)ankt;smÁal;fa kariya
l½yshecARkmesuIbGegát)anTTYlsÁal; edImbNþwgrdæb,
evNI 46rUb nigGgÁbuerCMnuMCRmH)anTTYlsÁal;edImbNþwg
rdæb,evNI 95rUbbEnßmeTotEdlTak;TgnwgkarRbRBwtþeTA
elICnCaticam. eRkABIenH edImbNþwgCnCaticam 6rUb)an
pþl;skçIkmμenAkñúgsvnakar. edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI)anpþl;
P½sþútagelIkarkMNt;eKaledAeTAelIRBHviharsasna kar
kemÞcKm<IrsasnaKYr:an; karbeBa¢ósCnCaticamnUvkarbn;
Rsn; karkat;sk;EdlRbqaMgnwgsasna karbeBa¢ós®sþImin
[TTUrkEnSg nigR)ab;[hUbsac;RCÚk. GVIEdlTak;Tgnwgkar
RbNib½tn_sasnaRtÚv)anhamXat; ehIynrNaEdlbdiesF
mine)aHbg;sasna nigminbriePaKsac;RCÚk nwgRtÚvbg¥t;
Gahar.
enAExtula 1975 CnCaticam)anbHe)arRbqaMgnwg
kgT½Bbdivtþn_km<úCa ehIyedImbNþwg)anpþl;skçIkmμGMBIkar
smøab; kareFVITaruNkmμ kardak;XuMXaMg nigkar)at;xøÜnrbs;Cn
Caticammun nigeRkaykarbHe)ar. elakemFavI eBRC GgÁ
)anerobrab;GMBIskçIkmμénedImbNþwgrdæb,evNIEdlRbqaMg
CamYyCYrbHe)arRbqaMgnwgExμrRkhm b:uEnþKat;)anniyayfa
CnCaticam)ansøab;eRcInCagExμrRkhm edaysarkgT½B
bdivtþn_km<úCamanGavuFl¥Cag.
bnÞab;BIkarbHe)ar CnCaticamRtÚv)anCemøóseday
bgçMecjBIPUmirbs;BYkeK nigeFVIdMeNIredayTUkCamYynwg
bBa¢amin[Rtlb;mkPUmikMeNItvijeT. edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI
TaMgenaH)anerobrab;faRtÚv)anbBa¢ÚneTAeRcIndg CamYynwg
karpþl;GaharminRKb;RKan; nigbMEbkbMEbkecjBIRKÜsar.
edImbNþwgrdæb,evNImYyrUbRtÚv)anykeTAreNþAmYyenAGUr
EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab;elx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa44
RtkYn EdlCakEnøgsmøab;mnusS. Kat;)anlak;xøÜn nigB¤sMeLg
ERskrbs;mnusS ehIyk¾eCOfamþay nigbg²begáItrbs;
Kat;sßitkñúgcMeNamGñkEdlERskTaMgenaHEdr. edImbNþwg
TaMgenH )anrYcxøÜnrs;ranmanCIvitedaykarrt;eKc b¤kuhk
faCa cam b¤ Exμr.
elakemFavI )anbnþesckþIEføgkarelIkareFVITukçbuk
emñjmkelICnCaticam. Kat;)anEføgfaedImbNþwgnImYy²
)anpþl;skçIkmμGMBIplGaRkk;EdlBYkeK)anrgTukç rYmman
TukçesakBIkarsøab;rbs;smaCikRKÜsar kar)at;bg;nUvkar
RbNib½tn_sasnarbs;BYkeK. PaKeRcInénedImbNþwgrdæb,
evNI)anpþl;skçIkmμGMBIkarrgeRKaHpøÚvkay dUcCakarmin)an
briePaKRKb;RKan; karbgçMeFVIkar karP½yxøacEdl)aneXIjCuM
vijBYkeK. BYkeKk¾)anpþl;skçIkmμGMBI]bkrN_Edldak;Tukç
elIBYkeK. edImbNþwg)anerobrab;BICIvPaB nigkarrMBwgTuk
RtÚv)ankat;bnßyBIeRBaHBYkeK)an)at;bg;RTBüsm,tþiRKÜsar
b¤lT§PaBkñúgkareronsURtRtÚv)ankat;bnßy.
elak eBRC GgÁ )anbgðajvIedGUGMBIedImbNþwgmYyrUb
Edl)ansYrsMNYrbnþeTACnCab;ecaT {ehtuGVI)anCasasna
TaMgGs;RtÚv)anbMpøaj rYmTaMgsasnaGuIsøam? BYkeyIgCa
GuIsøamRtÚv)aneFVITukçbukemñjCanic©enAeBlenaH. GuIsøam
TaMgGs;EdlkMBugrs;enAkm<úCacg;rs;enAedaysnþiPaB b:uEnþ
sYrRbCaCnrbs;´enAeBlenaH CMnYsmkvijBYkeKrs;enA
CamYynwgkarrgeRKaHy:agxøaMg?.
elakemFavI eBRC GgÁ )anpþl;evTikaeTAelakRsI
emFavI hÁIr:ut
elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anelIkeLIgGMBItulakar nigpþl;[vKÁ
edIm,IniyayGMBIkareFVITukçbukemñjmkelICnCatievotNam
nigeKalkarN_erobkar ehIyelakRsI)annwgeFVIesckþIsnñi
dæanGMBIkarBiPakSaéntémøbBa¢ak;skçIkmμrbs;edImbNþwgrdæb,
evNI.
elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anEføgfatulakar)anepþatelIdIka
edaHRsayGMBICnCatievotNambegáItCaCati Catisasn_
nigRkúmsasna. tulakark¾RtÚv)anepþateTAelIkarBitEdl
Tak;TgeTAnwgkarbeNþjecjénCnCatiedImevotNam enAqñaM
1975 nig1976 nigkMNt;karsmøab;cMeBaHRbCaCnsuIvil
evotNam. enAkñúgcMNucéneKaledAénkarsmøab; tulakar
nwgRtÚvkMNt;faetIkarsmøab;TaMgenaHRtÚv)anRbRBwtþeTAelI
mUldæanénExSRsLayxagmþay.
elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )ankt;smÁal;cMnYnsrubénedImbNþwg
rdæb,evNI 73rUb RtÚv)anyl;RBmelImUldæanénkarxUtxat
EdlBYkeK)anrgeRKaHeTAnwgkarRbRBwtþmkelICnCatievot
Nam. edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI7rUb )anpþl;skçIkmμmunsvna
kar. edImbNþwgrdæb,evNIénCnCatiedImevotNam 1rUb
)anmkpþl;skçIkmμmunsvnakar nigedImbNþwgrdæb,evNI6rUb
eTot CaCnCatiPaKticExμr)anpþl;skçIkmμedayCMnYsmux[
RKÜsarrbs;BYkeK b¤GñkCitxagénCnCatiedImevotNam.
elakRsIk¾)anrMB£kBIeQμaH nigbgðajBIedImbNþwgrdæ
b,evNIEdlpþl;skçIkmμelIkarRbRBwtþmkelICnCatievot
Nam nig)anEføgfa elakRsInwgbgðajBIskçIkmμKaMRTelIkar
nireTs nig]RkidækmμénGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_ CamYynwgebs
skmμénkarsmøab;. elakRsI hÁIr:ut )anniyayfaskçIkmμ
rbs;edImbNþwgrdæb,evNITaMgGs;)aneFVI[shemFavIedIm
bNþwgrdæb,evNIdak;bgðajfa CnCatiPaKticevotNamEdl
rs;enA eBaF×cindaM enAqñaM1977 RtÚv)anbBa©ÚneTAq¶ay
ehIy mineXIjRtLb;mkvij.
elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anEføgBIskçIkmμrbs;edImbNþwgrdæb,
evNIGMBIkarsaksYrRbCaCnCatiBn§úrbs;BYkeK nig {kar
bBa©ÚneTAq¶ay} sRmab;GñkEdlRtÚv)ankMNt;faCaCnCati
evotNam. elakRsI)anEføgBIskçIkmμelIkaredaHdUrGgár
nigGMbilEdlBIsaLagrbs;evotNameTAsaLagExμrRkhm
CamYynwgGñkdMeNIrCnCatievotNam. skçIkmμrbs;edIm
bNþwgrdæb,evNI)anEføgBIkar)at;xøÜnénsmaCikRKÜsar rYm
TaMgekμg nigkarrgTukçrbs;smaCikRKÜsarEdlenAsl;.
«BukedImbNþwgrdæb,evNIKWCaCnCatievotNam ehIybnÞab;
elx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
45mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab;
mkKat;)aneFVIsakSIGMBIkarcab;rMelaPkUnRsITaMg2rbs;vr
esnIy_RtIevotNam cugeRkayKat;)ansmøab;xøÜnedIm,Ikar
BarRbBn§ nigRKÜsarrbs;Kat;BIhaniP½yEdlmanTMnak;TMng
CamYynwgKat;.
elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anEføgBIP½sþútagBIedImbNþwgrdæb,
evNI4rUb Edl)anerobrab;BIkarkMNt;eKaledAsmøab;rbs;
ExμrRkhmeTAelImþay nigkUnCaCnCatievotNam edaysar
TukbþI b¤«BukCnCatiExμr[rs;enA. sRmab;kUnEdlman«Buk
CaCnCatievotNam nigmþayExμrRtÚv)anTukCIvit[. elak
RsI)anEføgfaenHbgðajBIkarekItmaneLIg nigkarGnuvtþ
énRTwsþIExSRsLayxagmþay.
karbgçM[erobkar nigkarrMelaP
bnÞab;mk elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anelIkeLIgBIc,ab;énkar
erobkar. elakRsI)anEføgfa tulakarRtÚv)anelIkykGMBI
bBaðaénkarbgçMerobkarenATUTaMgRbeTskñúgrbbkm<úCaRbCa
Fibetyü. edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI 25rUb)aneFVIskçIkmμeTA
elIkmμvtßúénkarerobkarTUTaMgRbeTsenAkñúgsvnakar. edIm
bNþwgrdæb,evNI 25rUb )anpþl;skçIkmμenAGMLúgeBlebþCJa
citþerobkar nig8rUbpþl;skçIkmμBIkarerobkarrbs;BYkeK nig
5rUbpþl;skçIkmμelIkarerobkarsac;jatirbs;BYkeK.
skç Ikmμc Mn Yn25RtÚv)anviPaKkñ úgesckþ Isegçb
bBa©b;. karerobkarenAGMLúgrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü nig
karerobkarenAkñúgtMbn;énrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü rYmTaMg
tMbn;sVy½t 3tMbn;. CaTUeTA bursmanGayu 25qñaM nig®sþI
manGayu 20qñaM.
muneBlEføgskçIkmμ elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anniyayeTA
elIeBlkMNt;énbBaðac,ab;caM)ac;. elakRsI)ansYreTA
tulakar{etIbT]RkidæmYyNaEdlBYkeyIgBiPakSa[c,as;?
etIFatupSMGV IxøHEdlRtÚv)anbgðajenAxageRkayénvimti
sgS½y?. elakRsI)anniyayfaRbsinebIbTelμIsRBhμ
TNÐénkarerobkarRtÚv)ankMNt;enAeRkambT]RkidæRbqaMg
mnusSCatiénGMeBIGmnusSFm’epSg²enaH GgÁCMnuMCRmHtulakar
kMBUl)anbBa¢ak;BIFatupSMénbT]RkidæenHenAkñúgsaldIkakñúg
sMNuMerOg002 vKÁ1. edaykarseRmcenH GgÁCMnuMCRmH
tulakarkMBUl)anBicarNafaenHKWCakarbgðajxuseBlcMeBaH
PaBsmRsbrbs;]Rkidækmμ enAkñúgkarbgðajénFatupSM Edl
minTan;eFVI[c,as;enAkñúgqñaM1975. edayPasaFmμta KWCn
Cab;ecaTminRtÚv)anrkeXIjfa mankarTTYlxusRtÚvénbT
]RkidæenaHedayminmanlkçN³Rsbc,ab;kñ úgsm½yenaH
EdlBYkeKRbRBwtþGMeBIenaH KWCabT]RkidænaeBlbc©úb,nñ.
elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anrMB£kBIesckþIseRmcrbs;GgÁCMnuM
CRmHtulakarkMBUlCalm¥it. elakRsI)anEføgfa enAkñúg
saldIkaenH GgÁCMnuMCRmHtulakarkMBUl)anGnuvtþehtupl
eTAelIbT]RkidæénclnabgçMkMeNInRbCaCn nigkarbgçM)at;xøÜn
b:uEnþ elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anBicarNafa ehtupldUcKñaenHRtÚv
GnuvtþeTAelIbBaðaerobkarmunsvnakaréf¶enH. dl;eBl
bBa©b; elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anBiPakSaeTAelI {Epnkar} EdlGgÁ
CMnuMCRmHtulakarkMBUl)aneRKagesckþIseRmc.
elakRsI)anEføgfa tamry³GgÁCMnuMCRmHtulakar
kMBUl CMhanTImYy KWRtÚvbeBa©jnUvsBaØaNén {GMeBIGmnusS
Fm’} CuMvijkarRbRBwtþ. kñúgsMNuMerOg 002 vKÁ 01 CMhanTI
mYy nigTIBIrénkMeNInRbCaCnRtÚv)anbegáItkñúgkarRbRBwtþ.
kñúgsMNuMerOgenH shemFavIedImbNþwgrdæb,evNIKWCacMNuc
bgðajkñúgkarRbRBwtþEdlGgÁCMnuMCRmHtulakarkMBUlKYrviPaK
KWc,ab;énkarerobkar edaykt;smÁal;fa enHKWCakarRbRBwtþ
EdlkarekIteLIgminFøab;RtÚv)anRbQmnwgPaKINamYy
rYmTaMg nYn Ca nig exovsMpn.
elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anEføgfa CMhanTIBIrKW RtÚvGnuvtþelI
bTviPaKTaMgmUlénFatupSMkñúgkarsYrcemøIy. shemFavI
edImbNþwgrdæb,evNIKWCacMNucbgðajcMeBaHkarRbRBwtþeTA
elIc,ab;énkarerobkar nigFatupSMepSg²EdltulakarRtÚvEt
viPaKKW³
u karQandl;karerobkar EdlrYmnwgsßanPaBkñúgkar
seRmcNaeTAelIkarerobkar dUcCakarRbEkk b¤minRbEkk
EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab;elx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa46
erobkar karekItmaneLIgénkardak;eTas ¬karvaydMpøÚvkay
karcab;rMelaP kar)at;xøÜn¦ eTAelIGñkEdlRbEkkminerobkar
u kareRCIserIsédKU ]TahrN_ lT§PaBkñúgkareRCIs
erIsédKU nigkarbBa¢aedayGgÁkar
u BiFIerobkar nigbBaðaEdlédKUsÁal;BITmøab;muneBl
erobkarb¤eT édKUsÁal;KñaBImunmkb¤eT vtþmanRKÜsarmanenA
kñúgBiFIb¤eT etIGgÁkarmantYnaTIGVIenAkñúgBiFI etImankarebþCJa
citþRtÚv)aneFVIenAmuxGgÁkar nigetImanb¤minmanEdlGacbnþ
BiFItamTMenomTmøab;RbéBNI
u BiFIerobGaBaN_BiBaN_rYmman karrs;enACabþIRbBn§
karRtÜtBinitüelIédKUedIm,I[R)akdfamankarrYmdMeNk kar
KMramkMEhgkñúgkarbdiesFkñúgkarrYmdMeNk kardak;eTaskñúg
karbdiesFminrYmdMeNk eday[mankarcab;rMelaP
u vi)akénkarerobkarcMeBaH karmanépÞeBaH nigkar
rMlUtkUn
CamYynwgFatupSMkñúgcitþ shemFavIedImbNþwgrdæb,
evNImanKMniteTAelIbBaðaénvin½ykñúgkarerobkarEdlFMCag
karyl;RBmerobkar.
elakRsI hÁIr:Ud )anniyayfa CMhanTIbI KWGgÁCMnuMCRmH
RtÚvsmÁal;siT§i nigkarhamXat; EdlbgçMenAqñaM1975 kñúg
pøÚvc,ab; Edlb:HBal;nUvkarRbRBwtþénvin½ykñúgkarerobkar.
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mkeTot xagRkúmkargarrbs;semþcRBHneratþmsIhnu mkCYy
ksagpÞHEdleqHTaMg7xñgenaHeLIgvij nigmanCYyCaluy
kak;mYycMnYndl;RbCaCnEdl)ansøab; nigrbYs.
cab;BIqñaM1966mk mankarcUlmkCabnþbnÞab;BI
sMNak;evotkug kñúgTwkdIExμrtamRBMEdn enAtammat;bwg eday
mankarksagCamnÞIreBTü XøaMgCaedIm. rhUtmkdl;Ex]sPa
qñaM1970 k¾mankarvayRbharBIxagFIvKI cUlmkkñúgRBMEdn
ExμrCaeRcInKILÚEm:Rt eFVI[RKÜsar«Bukmþay´ nigGñkPUminaMKña
rt;ecjBIXuMc®nÞa mkenAXuMeRcs rhUtdl;Exemsa qñaM1975
eBlEdlExμrRkhmvayEbkPñMeBjehIy eTIb«Bukmþay´
nigRbCaCnnaMKñavilRtLb;eTArs;enAkñúgPUmic®nÞavij. b:uEnþ
enAeBlenaH RsúkPUmiRtÚv)anRKb;RKgCarbbsmUhPaB nig
rbbrYm eday eKa RkbI RsÚv Ggár RtÚv)anExμrRkhmRbmUl
ykmkdak;CaRTBüsm,tiþrbs;smUhPaB ehIykarhUbcuk
enAeBlenaH KW)anbbreQμalhUbCamYyGMbil. cMENkmðÚb
epSg² ebIcg;hUb RtÚvxMrkmkeFVIhUbCuMKñatamRkúm {k} ¬{k}
b¤ mYy {k} esμI 12nak;/ mYy{x} esμI 3 {k} mansmaCik
36nak;/ mYy {K} esμI 3 {x} mansmaCikcMnYn108nak;¦.
dl;rdUvR)aMgeBlRcÚtkat; ¬Exmkra/ ExkumÖ³¦ qñaM1976
Rkúm {K} xag«Buk´ nigRkúm {K} epSgeTot RbmaNbIeTAbYn
{K} RtÚveTACIkRbLayenAmþúM {tugelog} cm¶ayRbEhl
6KILÚEm:RtBITIrYmextþsVayerog. enAeFVIkarTIenaHry³eBl
RbmaNbIEx rhUtdl;eRkaycUlqñaMExμrrYc eTIbRtLb;mkPUmi
vij. éf¶mYyenaH enAshkrN_ÉPUmic®nÞa «Buk´hUbbEnø
eRcIneBk bNþal[Kat;ekItCMgWehIm cuHexSaykmøaMg Bi)ak
eFVIkar eBlenaHmþayrbs;Kat; ¬yay´¦ )aneTArkknÞk;edIm,I
CYyBüa)al«Buk´. eBlRtLb;mkBICIkRbLay mkdl;
shkrN_PUmivij k¾cMrdUvRtÚveFVIERs RtÚvP¢Ürras; sabRBÜs
dksÞÚgvijmþg.skmμPaBenH RtÚv)aneFVIdEdl² rhUtdl;qñaM
1977 «Bukrbs;´)ansresrsMbuRtesñIeTAKN³XuM edIm,I
suMerobkarCamYynwgmþayrbs;́ EdleBlenaHk¾manKUepSg²
eTotEdr KWmancMnYn26KU ¬kñúgenaHmanbgRsICIdUnmYyrbs;
´Edr EdlKat;eTIbmanGayu14qñaM¦ RtÚverobkarkñúgéf¶Et
mYykñúgeBlEtmYy EdlBiFIenHmanry³eBlmYyRBwk. enA
eBléf¶Rtg;k¾mankab;eKamYyk,al nigkab;RCÚkbIk,al nig
manbEnøbnþicbnþÜc edIm,IeFVImðÚb. kñúgeBlerobkarenaH samuI
xøÜnTaMgRbúsTaMgRsIkñúgcMeNamTaMg26KUenaH RtÚveLIgebþCJa
citþ ¬GñkeLIgebþCJacitþenAxagmux cMENk«Bukmþay´ nigGñkÉ
eTot GgÁkarerobcMtu[GgÁúyenAxageRkay¦. karerob
mgÁlkarRtÚv)anbBa©b;enAeBléf¶Rtg; ehIymðÚbEdlenA
esssl;GacTukhUbeBll¶ac)aneTot. kñúgry³eBlmYy
qñaM GgÁkarExμrRkhmRbkasGnuBaØat[manBiFIerobkarCuMKña
)anEtmþgEtb:ueNÑaH KW[GñkEdleBjv½y minTan;manKUeFVI
lixitedIm,IesñIsuMGgÁkarerobkar edayGñkfμIRtÚvesñIsuMerobkar
CamYyGñkfμIdUcKña. ¬«Bukmþay´RtÚvKN³XuMrbs;ExμrRkhm
RbmafF¶n;²dl;CIvitenAeBlEdlKat;TaMgBIrcg;RBmeRBóg
erobkarCamYyGñkepSg xusBIc,ab;tRmÚvrbs;GgÁkarExμr
Rkhm. eBlenaHmþay´Kat;RbEkkminRBmerobkarCamYy
«Buk´mþgCaBIrdg edaycg;TTYlkaresñIrbs;bursepSg Et
minGacbdiesFCamYyGgÁkar)aneRBaHmþay´ CaGñk17
emsa rIÉbursenaHCaRbCaCncas;cUlrYmkñúgclnarbs;
ExμrRkhmtaMgBImunéf¶17 emsa qñaM1975.cMENk«Buk´
Kat;k¾)anesñIeTAnarImñak;EdlCaGñkmUldæancas; k¾RtÚvGgÁkar
bdiesFdUcKñaedayeRbIBaküF¶n;²dak;Kat; KWGñkcas;RtÚverob
karCamYyGñkcas;¦.
karerobkar kalBIqñaM1975 KUGñkcas; nigKUGñkfμI [
erobkarenAkEnøgEtmYyCuMKña Etdl;qñaM1976 GgÁkar[
erobkarenAkEnøgepSgKña. luHdl;qñaM1977 GgÁkarGnuBaØat
[KUGñkfμI nigKUGñkcas;erobkarCuMKñaenAkñúgkEnøgEtmYyvij.
GñkerobkarenAqñaM1977 mansMNagl¥CagGñkEdlerob
karenAkñúgqñaM1975 nig1976 eRBaH)anhUbRKb;RKan;.
enAcugqñaM1977 eyaFaExμrRkhmCaeRcInmkBIPUmi
PaKnirtI )anmkcab;RbFan nigGnuRbFankg KN³tMbn; KN³
Rsúk KN³XuMesÞIrRKb;Kñadak;cUlkñúgrfynþXøúbbiTCitykeTA
)at;dMNwgrhUt ehIydak;GñkmkBIxagnirtIRKb;RKgCMnYsGñk
cas;vij. minyUrb:unμan GñkmkBIxagnirtIk¾cab;epþImCemøós
GñkRsuk nig«Bukmþay´[eTAenAXuMéRCkñúg RsukkMBg;RtEbk
extþéRBEvg Gs;ry³eBlRbEhlmYyqñaM rhUtdl;
cugqñaM1978. muneBlRtÚvCemøósmkenAXuMéRC KWenA
cugqñaM1977 mþay´sñak;enARsukc®nÞa extþsVayerog
Gs;ry³eBlRbEhlBIrEx k¾RtÚv)anGñkRKb;RKgExμr
RkhmenAc®nÞaR)ab;t²Kña[mkehAtaxagmþay´ k¾dUc
Cacas;²Edlrs;enAkñúgPUmiCaeRcInykeTA)at;Qwg
enAmþúMxageCIgTIrYmextþsVayerog ¬eRkaymkeBlEbk
qñaM1979 manmnusSmñak;Føab;eFVIQøbenAc®nÞa kñúg
rbbExμrRkhm )anmkR)ab;mþay´fa tarbs;´sÁm
manBukmat; BukcgáaEvg² RtÚv)anExμrRkhmykcb
vayTmøak;eTAkñúgreNþA søab;y:agevTna¦. muneTAXuMéRC
extþéRBEvg mþay´RtÚv)anExμrRkhm[eTACIkERBkenA
RsukrmasEhk. cMENk«Buk´ nigGñkeBjkmøaMg
BI20eTA30nak;epSgeTot RtÚveTARckRsÚv niglIRsÚv
dak;Rtak;T½renA)aTI/ )avit nig vtþekaH ¬sßitenAxagt,Úg
TIrYmextþ¦. kñúgeBlenaH mankarRbyuT§KñarvagkgT½B
evotNam nigkgT½BExμrRkhm Edl«Buk´)aneXIj
eyaFaExμrRkhmsøab;Gs;mYycMnYn ehIy)an[yuT§narI
EsgexμacedIrEk,r²«Buk´ edayexμacTaMgenaH xøHRtÚv«Bukmþayrbs; esaP½NÐ/ esaPNÐ nigb¥ÚnBIrnak;ftenAsgáat;XμÜj qñaM1988
EsVgrkkarBit-TMB½rRsavRCavrkRKÜsarelx211 Exkkáda qñaM2017
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rbs;«Buk´RtÚvp¥akkargarmYyry³eBlxøI ehIyPaKeRcIn
karvayRbyuT§KñaekIteLIgenAeBlresol. dUecñH Kat;RtÚv
p¥akBIéf¶resolEdr rhUtdl;l¶ac k¾Rbjab;mksRmakenA
kEnøgEdlmansuvtßiPaBsßitenAEk,r²TIrYmextþsVayerog
vij.
mYyry³eRkaymk GgÁkartRmÚv[Rkúmrbs;«Buk´
mkRck niglIRsÚvenAmþúMGgÁtasU xageCIgTIrYmextþsVayerog.
eBlmkeFVIkarRck niglIRsÚvenAkEnøgenaH Kat;)andaM)ay
hUbEq¥t².cMENkmþay´Kat;enACIkERBkkñúgRsúkrmasEhk
extþsVayerog Edlman TTwgRbEvgdb;Em:Rt CeRmAbIEm:Rt
nigbeNþayCaeRcInKILÚEm:Rt EdlkarCIkERBkenaH KWRtÚvCIk
kat;éRBEtmþg. kargarCIkERBk mankarlM)akNas; Et
mñak;²enAEtxitxMeFVIkar ehIycas;TuMEdlCaGñkmUldæanenATI
enaHEtgmanbMNgl¥ nig)anCYyR)ab;[ecHRtNm kuM[
niyay GVIepþspþas. ehtuenHehIy GñkEdleFVIkargarCIk
RbLayenATIenaH Etg)ansuxCahUrEhrhUtmk. cMENk
xagRkúmburs²mYycMnYnEdlmkCIkERBkEdr Edlmat;rGil
niyayeRcIn eBleXIjmanpÁrlan; b¤epøkbenÞarRBak²elI
emX k¾niyayelgesIcfa nrNaekHEdkekHeTotehIy
nig)anniyayBakükMbøúkkMEbøgmYycMnYn )anCYbnwgeRKaHrnÞH
)aj;søab;mYyBIrminsUvelaHéf¶eLIy.
«Bukmþay´ )anrs;enAEbkKñaCitmYyqñaM cab;BIcugqñaM
1977 KWeBlmankarvaylukluyBIsMNak;kgT½Bevot
NamcUlmk mþay´)ansñak;enAc®nÞa rhUtdl;qñaM1978
eTIb)anCYbKñavij KWeBlEdlExμrRkhm)aneFVIkarCemøós[
Kat;eTArs;enAmþúMXuMéRC extþéRBEvg. mþay´enAEtrmøwkerOg
r:avrbs;«BukKat;Cajwkjab;fa taMgBIenAekμgem:øH tarbs;´
CamnusSminsUvcUlcitþniyayelgesIceRcIneT kRmman
GñkNah‘anvayeFVI)ab b¤elgesIcCamYyKat;Nas; eRBaH
Kat;Rbkan;eRcIn rhUtdl;eBlKat;cUlv½yCMTg; Kat;cg;ecH
viC¢aKunTukkarBarxøÜn.Kat;xitxMBüayamhat;eronNas; Etkar
xitxMBüayamrbs;Kat;minTan;BUEklμm[Kat;eBjcitþeT.
eBlcUldl;v½ykemøaH Kat;)anlYcykRkbIeLIgkmYynwm
ykeTAlk; edIm,ImanlT§PaBeTATIq¶ay dUcCaextþ)at;dMbg
CaedImedIm,IeFVIkarhat;eronbEnßmeTot rhUtdl;karhat;eron
rbs;Kat;)anseRmclT§pllμmsmnwgcitþrbs;Kat;. Kat;
EfmTaMgecHpSMfñaMExμrBüa)alGñkCMgW edayminkMNt;TamTar
R)ak;BIGñkCMgWb:ueNÑH b¤b:ueNÑaHeLIy EtebIGñkCMgWniyayfa[
R)ak;eRcIn Etdl;eBlBüa)alehIy[R)ak;minRKb; b¤eBlGñk
CMgWmin[mþg² kñúgxøÜnrbs;ta´EtgeFVITukçlM)akCanic©. eBl
xøHKat;vay dal;pÞHesÞIrEtrlMpÞHpgk¾man.
enAcugqñaM1977 EdlkgT½BevotNamvaybeNþj
eyaFaExμrRkhmmkCitmkdl;TIrYmextþsVayerog kgT½B
evotNam)anekorRbCaCnExμrCaeRcInnak;RtLb;eTARbeTs
evotNamCamYyvij. EtsMNagl¥ EdlRKÜsar´)anrYcxøÜn
esÞIrRKb;Kña. CIta´)anRkajminRBm[T½BevotNamekor
ykeTACamYyeT Kat;)ancUleTAbnøMkñúghVÚgeKa RkbI edjcab;
ykeKa RkbIrbs;Kat;ykmkPUmivij edaykñúgcitþKitfa Rsúk
eTsmansnþiPaB ElgekIts®gÁam KμanExμrRkhmNamkeTot
eT. manGñkecHniyayevotNam )ansYrT½BevotNam ehIy
T½BevotNam)anR)ab;fa kgT½BxøÜnGacdkfyeTARsúkvij
ehIyRkúmExμrRkhmGacnwgmkeTot Etta´minRBmeCOeK
eT. dUcEdlT½BevotNam)anniyayR)ab;Emn bnÞab;BIT½B
evotNam)andkeTAsuRkvijtamkarcrca)anmYyéf¶ Exμr
Rkhm)ancUlmkvijeBjPUmiRsúk KWenAeBlenaHehIy
EdlCIta´PJak;xøÜn ehIyKat;Gt;hUb)ayry³eBlBIrbIéf¶
edaysarkMhusrbs;Kat;. minyUrb:unμan ExμrRkhm )anmk
RbmUlykta nigcas²CaeRcInenAPUmiEk,rTIrYmextþ ykeTA
ehIy)an)at;xøÜnrhUtmk.
bnÞab;BIExμrRkhmCemøósGñkRsúkc®nÞaeTAXuMéRC extþ
éRBEvg )anCagBIrEx ExμrRkhmk¾)anbBa¢a[CemøósbnþeTA
kEnøgq¶ayeTot EdlkarCemøósBIdMbUg BImþúMéRCeTAdl;kMBg;
cmøgGñkelOgedayefμIreCIg. cMENkyayxag«BukEdl
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G‘¿´mkdl;eRkay b:uEnþExμrRkhmRbKl;siT§[yayxag«Buk
´Etmñak;Kt;[eTAenAshkrN_xagmIg´k¾)an xag«Buk nigG‘¿
´k¾)an.
kalenaH yayedIreTAmk² mincg;dac;citþBIkUnmYy
NaeT enAeBlRBwkehobnwgecjkaNUtBIkMBg;cmøgGñkelOg
yayrlIgrelagTwkEPñkedIrcuHedIreLIgCaeRcIndg. G‘¿Rbús
xag«Buk´R)ab;fa yayÉgEth‘aneTAtamkUnRsI c,as;Ca
TwkEPñkdl;k,alCgÁg;minxan eBlmanGasnñGn;RkGI kUnRsI
minGacCYyykGasa)aneLIy. yaydwgerOgenH b:uEnþmin
dac;citþBIkUnRsIEdlKñaeTIbnwgmankUnx©Ipg k¾seRmccitþeTA
tamkUnRsITaMgminsmnwgbMNgEdlcg;suMGgÁkar[GnuBaØat
)anrs;enACYbCuMkUnecATaMgGs;kñúgshkrN_EtmYy. cab;BI
eBlenaHmk k¾)at;dMNwgyay nigmIgxag«BukrhUt.
dMeNIrecjtamk)a:l;BIGñkelOgtaMgBIRBwkrhUtdl;
yb; eTIbmkdl;c,arGMeBA bnÞab;BIGgÁkarEck)ay nigbBa©aMg
kun[emIlcb;mYyerOg k¾Rbjab;[RbCaCnRsÚteLIgCiH
rfynþRkúgFM²ebIksMedAmksßanIy_rfePøIgTaMgyb;bnþdMeNIr
rhUtdl;PøW eTIbmkdl;valmYymþúMRsúk)akan extþeBaF×sat;.
eBlenaH manGñkRKb;RKgBIrbInak;mkrg;caMrYcCaeRsc ehIy
)anykbBa¢IeQμaHmkGan nig)anTTYlykRbCaCneTAtam
kEnøgerog²xøÜn. cMENk«Bukmþay´RtÚveTAhYsBITIenHeTA
dl;Rsúkemagb£sSI extþ)at;dMbg KWshkrN_ {cahYy}.
cab;BIcugqñaM1978enAshkrN_cahYyenH«Bukmþay
´ RtÚv)ancat;[eFVIkarenAkEnøgepSg²Kña KW«Buk´RtÚveTAeFVI
karxagkab;dgkNþb;ykmkRkgeFVIsøwksRmab;Rbk;dMbUgpÞH
nigedIrrkGusenAéRBCit²shkrN_ ehIyKat;)anTTYlrbb
GaharCabbreQμalhUbCamYynwgsmø. cMENkmþay´vij
RtÚvRcÚtRsÚvrhUtdl;yb; ehIyRtÚvedIrRbmUlkNþab;RsÚv
EdlRcÚt)anykeTA[GñkepSgeTote)ak rYcehIyRtÚvRbmUl
plRsÚvEdle)akEbnehIyRckcUlkñúgkarugBN’s kñúgmYy
karugTm¶n;RbEhlémÖKILÚRkam. eBlRckrYcehIy Kat;RtÚv
Rbjab;TUlkarugRsÚvTaMgGs;enaH ykeTAdak;kñúgCRgúkkNþal
éRBEdlmancm¶ayRbEhlCagdb;KILÚEm:Rt edaykñúgmYy
éf¶TYl[)anBIrkarr:ug ¬bYnRtLb;¦. karN_EdlCBa¢ÚnRsÚv
ykeTAdak;kñúgCRgúkkNþaléRBenaH manpøÚvmYyRtÚv)an
hammin[edIrkatb¤edIrEk,r.maneBlmYy edayGs;kmøaMg
xøaMg mþay´k¾)ansRmakRCúleBl. edIm,IRsÚtdMeNIr[elOn
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hammin[edIr KWedIrtamPøWERsmanRbLayenAEk,r²ERs nig
manreNþArak;² EdleBlenaHKat;)aneXIjsaksBbYndb;
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enaH manxøHbg;kRkmaBN’exov EdlGgÁkareTIbnwgEck[
b:unμanéf¶munnwgykmksmøab;enH. minxusKñaeT mnusSPaK
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smøab;TaMgRKÜsar² ehIyebItamdwgBIGñkmUldæanEdlman
citþl¥mYycMnYn )anniyayR)ab;fa Kat;GaNitbgb¥ÚnxagPUmi
PaKbUB’a EdlGgÁkarCemøósykmkTIenHNas; tamKeRmag
rbs;GgÁkar KWsmøab;ecalTaMgGs; EtCadMbUgeKTukkmøaMgeRbI
karsin ehIyebImanEpnkar[smøab; KWRtÚvsmøab;kñúgmYyéf¶
cMnYnR)aMRKÜsar.
maneBlmYyenaH mþay´)anRtLb;mkBIgUtTwkvij
BYkQøbenAshkrN_Ek,renaH edIrmkpwksuI )anniyay
R)ab;mþay´fa xitxMRbwgERbgeFVIkareTA ERkgmanP½BVsMNag
l¥ maneKmkCYyrMedaH nigmanP½BVsMNag )anvilRtLb;eTA
rs;enAÉRsúkkMeNItvij. bnÞab;mk kgQøbk¾cg;esñIsuMyk
mþay´ nigKIñKñaKat;BIrbInak;eTotEdlFat;² mansm,úrs²
ykeTAkEnøgrbs;xøÜn EtRtÚv)anRbFanrbs;mþay´Edlman
citþl¥CYyedaHRsay eday)anniyayt¥ÚjEt¥rfa Kμansl;
kmøaMgeRcInTuksRmab;eFVIkareT enAsl;Etb:uNÑwg sUmGFüaRs½y
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evotNam nigkgT½BExμr ¬xag ehg sMrin/ Eb:n suvNѦ )an
vaylukcUlmkBITisxaglicTIrYmextþ)at;dMbg KWvaycUlmk
shkrN_kat;taméRB. ehtuenH ExμrRkhmTb;Tl;minQñH
k¾RbmUlRbCaCnenAtamshkrN_epSg²[mkCYbCuMKña.
bnÞab;mkGgÁkar)ancat;[RbCaCnmYycMnYneTACIkreNþAGs;
ry³eBlbIéf¶ edayCIk)anCeRmAEtRtwmk,alCgÁg;b:ueNÑaH
edaysardImanlayCamYyfμ. cMENk«Buk´enAxagerobcM
)ayTwk[RbCaCnhUb Émþay´vijenARkúmRkgs,Úvvij.
kñúgGMLúgCIkreNþAry³eBlbIéf¶enaH ebItamkarB¤t² KWedIm,I
eFVICIrUbmnusS ¬smøab;mnusSehIyykmkkb;kñúgreNþAenH¦.
b:uEnþ edaysPaBkarN_clacl eRBaHenAtamkEnøgCaeRcIn
enAEk,r²enaH manRbCaCnCaeRcInkMBugePosxøÜnedIrqøgkat;
kEnøgEdl«Bukmþay´rs;enA eBlenaHmþay´k¾)ansYrGñk
EdledIrkat; eTIbdwgfa evotNam)anvaycUlmkbeNþIr²
ehIy edaymanB¤sñÚrRKab;kaMePøIgCaeRcInpg. bnÞab;mk
RbFanerag)ay )annaMRbCaCneTAedkenAkñúgéRBBIryb; luH
RBwkeLIgenAéf¶TIbI eTIbR)ab;RbCaCnenAshkrN_TaMgGs;Kña
[rkRsÚv GgárTukedaHRsayhUberog²xøÜn ehIyGacecj
dMeNIreTAkEnøgepSg²EdlxøÜncg;eTA)an.
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)ancakecjBIshkrN_enaH edayeFVIdMeNIrGs;ry³eBl
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Exmkra qñaM1980 enAmnÞIreBTüRBHGgÁdYg¦. pÞHenAGUrb£sSI
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mñak;eToteQμaH G‘uk c½nÞsirIrdæa KWekItenAéf¶TI8 ExsIha qñaM
1981.
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eQμaH G‘uk esrIvuDÆI ekItéf¶TI19 ExkBaØa qñaM1984¦.
cab;taMgBIqñaM1982 rhUtdl;qñaM2005 RKÜsarrbs;
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Ek,rTUtGaemrikcas; BIqñaM1996-99 enAPUmieRCayGMBil
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2005 enAPUmiGnøg;k¶an sgáat;XμÚj xNÐb£sSIEkv rhUtmk
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kñúgrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyüExμrRkhm Edl)ankan;GMNac
BIéf¶TI17 emsa qñaM1975 dl;éf¶TI7 Exmkra qñaM1979.
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karrs;mYyéf¶sRmab;mYyéf¶ eTaHxMeFVIkarrhUtdl;em:agdb;
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mkehA b¤cab;cg P¢g;ykeTATaMgyb;eTotk¾man. rbs;tictYc
EdlxMciBa©wm xMdaMduH)an eTaHXøany:agNak¾KμansiT§ihUbrbs;
xøÜnÉgeLIy KWRtÚvRbmUlykeTAdak;rYmTaMgGs;. man; Ta RtI
dMLÚg ebIcg;hUbxøaMg eCosminrYcBIRtÚveroneFVIecar eronlYceT
ehIyebIcg;)anemuImdMLÚghUb RtÚvKas;y:agNakuM[RseBan
gab;edIm man;Gaces¶akñúgkMesovhUb)anenAeBlyb;s¶at; kuM
[kgQøbdwg[esaH ebImincg;manTukçP½ydl;xøÜn. RkmaBN’
exovEdlGgÁkarEck[RbCaCnNaehIy KWRtÚvsøab;TaMgGs;
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k¾TTYl)anRkmaBN’exovenHEdr Kat;Føab;)aneXIjKMrUGñkmun
CaeRcInEdl)ansøab;eday)anRkmaBN’exovenH eFVI[Kat;
kan;EtmankarRby½tñRbEygeTVreLIg kan;EtxitxMeFVIkar
edIm,IykcitþExμrRkhm ehIyRkmaenaHKat;]sSah_eRbIviFI
epSg²edIm,IeFVI[vaERbBN’xusBIexov xusBIrUbPaBedIm.
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rab;TaMgGñkmansmancitþl¥CamYyRbCaCnfμI k¾minsUvCarYc
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man ehIy)at;xøÜnenAmUldæanrbs;xøÜnpÞal;k¾manEdr.
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taMgBIekμg²mkem:øH cab;taMgBIeronenAsalabzm
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mkvijnUvesckþIsux esckþIceRmIn nigsuxsnþiPaBBitR)akd
mYydl;RbeTsCatirbs;eyIg.
G‘uk esaP½NÐ
]btßmÖkare)aHBum<pSayeday TIPñak;garGPivDÆn_GnþrCati shrdæGaemrik (USAID)
GnuBaØat[e)aHBum<pSayedayRksYgB½t’man énRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa RbkaseTsrdæm®nþInigrdæm®nþIRksYgB½t’manelx 0291Bm/99cuHéf¶TI2 ExsIha qñaM1999
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa ³ kariyal½yB½t’mansaFarN³
pÞHelx 66/ mhavifIRBHsIhnu PñMeBj RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa TUrsBÞ ³ ¬855¦ 23 211 875 TUrsar ³ ¬855¦ 23 210 358
DC-Cam/PIR : #66 u Preah Sihanouk Blvd u Phnom Penh u Cambodia u Tel: (855) 23 211 875 u Fax: (855) 23 210 358 u [email protected] u www.dccam.org.
A magazine of the Documentation Center of Cambodia: Searching for the truth. u Number 211, 2017 u Funded by USAID.
Licensed by the Ministry of Information of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Prakas No.0291 P.M/99, 2 August 1999.
esovePArMB£kviBaØaNkçn§GñkEdl)ansøab;
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km<úCa)ancgRkgnUveQμaHGñkEdlsøab;Cag1lannak;rYcmkehIy. RbsinebIelak
yay elakta G‘¿ BU mIg R)afñacg;[eQμaHsmaCikRkúmRKÜsarEdl)ansøab;)at;bg;
CIvitmanenAkñúgesovePAenH sUmTak;Tgmkkan;mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCatamry³ v:an;fan;
eBAdar:a TUrsBÞelx 012 846 526 b¤ GuIEm:l ³ [email protected] [)an
qab;rh½stameBlevlaEdlGaceFVIeTA)an.
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