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Section 3

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ObjectivesBefore class begins, write the objectiveson the board. Have students copy theobjectives into their notebooks at thestart of class.

Call on several volunteers to sharetheir answers with the class. Studentsmight say, for example, that thereare more prescription drugs availablenow than in the past or that thereare more ads for prescription drugsthan there used to be. Tell studentsthey will learn more about the abuseof prescription drugs and other com-monly abused drugs in this section.

Teaching Transparency W59

1. Focus

Warm-Up Health Stats

Commonly Abused Drugs

and HealthSummary

Ask students to write a paragraph summa-rizing the information in the passageheaded Depressants. Have them start the paragraph with the definition ofdepressant, followed by the boldfaced key

L2idea. Then suggest that they support thekey idea by adding a sentence or twoabout each type of depressant described inthe passage.

440 Chapter 17

CommonlyAbused Drugs

Section 3

Objectives� Compare the effects of

depressants, stimulants,and hallucinogens on thebody.

� Describe the effects ofmarijuana.

� Name three classes ofdrugs of increasingconcern in recent years.

Vocabulary• depressant• barbiturates• opiate• heroin• stimulant• amphetamines• methamphetamine• cocaine• hallucinogen• marijuana• club drugs• inhalant

DepressantsDrugs are categorized according to their actions and effects on the body.A psychoactive drug that slows brain and body reactions is called a

Figure 10 lists some commonly abused depressants and theireffects. Depressants slow body functions by decreasing heart andbreathing rates and lowering blood pressure.

Barbiturates One class of depressants is the (bahrBICH ur its)—also called sedative-hypnotics. In small doses, barbituratesare sedatives—they relax a person. In high doses, barbiturates are hyp-notics—they induce sleep. Today, physicians rarely prescribe barbituratesfor sleep problems because barbiturates are dangerous and they have ahigh potential for abuse.

A barbiturate abuser develops tolerance to the drug quickly. As toler-ance increases, the abuser becomes dependent. Barbiturate abusers walkslowly, slur their speech, and react more slowly to their environment.Withdrawal from barbiturates can be fatal.

barbiturates

depressant.

Health Stats The graph shows the number of new abusers ofprescription pain relievers in each year since 1985.

What factors do you think are responsible for theincrease in prescription drug abuse?

3

2

1

01985

New

use

rs (

in m

illi

on

s)

Nonmedical Use of Pain Relievers

1990 1995 2000

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Preventing Drug Abuse 441

Less Proficient Readers Pair less proficient with more proficientreaders, and have pairs make a conceptmap about depressants. Organizing thematerial visually, without distractingdetails, will help students see how thedrugs are categorized and related to oneanother. Urge students to make similargraphic organizers about the other categories of drugs in this section.

Gifted and TalentedAsk the school librarian to direct studentsto works of fiction and nonfiction that givea cautionary account of drug abuse. Havestudents select and read one of the booksand submit a book report. You may alsowant to ask the librarian if the studentscan help create a display of the books inthe library or health classroom.

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Reading/Note Taking 17-3

Adapted Reading/Note Taking 17-3

Depressants

Visual Learning: Figure 10Teaching Transparency 46Have students read the effects ofdepressant drugs that are listed in thefigure. Ask: How would the side effectsinfluence a drug user’s ability to payattention in class? (Decreased alertnessand drowsiness would make it hard topay attention.) How would the sideeffects influence a drug user’s ability todrive a motor vehicle? (Poor coordina-tion, decreased alertness, blurred vision,and drowsiness would make a drug userunable to safely drive a motor vehicle.)Remind students that when alcohol isconsumed at the same time as otherdepressant drugs it produces drug syn-ergism. The side effects are more thandoubled and may be deadly.

Active LearningHave students design a detailed warn-ing label for one of the depressant drugcategories listed in Figure 10. Remindstudents to mention both the potentialside effects (short-term effects) andlong-term effects.

Answers will vary, dependingon what news is in the

media, but the news stories shouldrelate to the abuse of legal pain reliev-ers. An example might be a story aboutthe arrest of an abuser for illegallyobtaining prescription pain relievers.

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FIGURE 10 Depressants have anumber of dangerous side effectsand long-term health effects whenthey are abused.

Drug Side Effects Long-Term Effects

Barbiturates Poor coordination, slurred speech, Sleepiness, irritability, confusion decreased alertness

CNS Depressants Blurred vision, dizziness, slurred speech, Blood and liver disease drowsiness, headache, skin rash

Opiates Nausea, vomiting, decreased alertness, Constipation, infections associated drowsiness, depressed respiration with injecting

Alcohol Impaired judgment, decreased alertness, Liver damage, brain damage, anxiety lack of coordination, memory problems, and depression, malnutrition, vomiting memory loss

Depressants

CNS Depressants A CNS depressant is a sedative that slows theactivity of the central nervous system (CNS). This class of drugs used tobe called tranquilizers. CNS depressants slow nerve activity, relax muscletension, lower alertness, and cause drowsiness. CNS depressants have gen-erally replaced barbiturates for medical uses. Doctors may prescribe CNSdepressants to treat anxiety, sleep disorders, muscle spasms, and convul-sions. However, as with barbiturates, abuse of CNS depressants can causetolerance and dependence.

Opiates An (OH pee it) is any drug made from psychoactivecompounds contained in the seed pods of poppy plants. Some opiatescan also be produced in a laboratory. In small doses, opiates act to dull thesenses, relieve pain, and induce sleep. The opiates morphine and codeine,for example, are used in some prescription medications to reduce severepain. Both morphine and codeine can produce tolerance and lead todependence.

A growing area of concern is the use of opiate-containing painkillersor cough syrups for a “high.” This kind of abuse usually involves taking alarger dose than is recommended for the intended medical purpose.Abusing opiates in this way can have dangerous or even life-threateningside effects.

Another frequently abused opiate in the United States is anillegal opiate made from morphine in a laboratory. Abusers of heroinappear dazed and disoriented. Heroin is also highly addictive.

What news about painkiller abuse have you seenin the media?

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heroin,

opiate

� Poppy seed pod

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Chapter 17, Section 3

Stimulants

Cooperative LearningDivide the class into small groups. Askeach group to discuss: (1) differencesbetween stimulant drugs and depressantdrugs (stimulants speed up the body,depressants slow down the body); and(2) similarities among different stimulantdrugs (e.g., all are addictive; all producea “high” that is quickly followed bydepression; all have dangerous sideeffects and long-term effects). Havegroups write a few sentences summariz-ing the main points of their discussion.Give groups a chance to share their sentences.

Class DiscussionTell students that methamphetamineuse has reached epidemic levels nation-wide. Many law enforcement officersconsider it the number one drug theybattle today. Ask: What might explainwhy methamphetamine is used sowidely? (Sample answer: The drug isrelatively inexpensive to make fromover-the-counter ingredients, andstrongly addictive.)

Visual Learning: Figure 11Have students look at the graph andread the caption. Make sure theyunderstand that the graph shows onlythe percent increase for crimes wheremeth was involved (e.g., there was nota 60 percent increase in all domesticviolence crimes). Ask the class to brain-storm reasons why meth influencescrime. (Meth abusers may turn to crimeto get money to buy the drug; methmakers may use crime to obtain suppliesor money to make the drug; long-termmeth abusers may become aggressiveand engage in domestic violence.)Caption Answer 62 percent

Sample answer: Drug nick-names might make the drugs

seem less dangerous and more attrac-tive to teens.

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and HealthPublic Service Announcement

Have students write a public serviceannouncement warning teens about thedangers of stimulant drugs. PSAs shouldinclude common names of several stimulantdrugs (e.g., speed, meth, crack), as well as side effects and long-term effects of

L3stimulant drugs. Suggest that students firstprepare poster boards to help them identifyimportant points to emphasize in theirPSAs. If possible, arrange to have studentspresent their announcements at a schoolassembly.

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StimulantsA is a drug that speeds up activities of the central nervoussystem. Stimulants increase heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate,and alertness. Physicians sometimes prescribe certain stimulants to treatsleep disorders and behavioral disorders such as attention-deficit hyper-activity disorder (ADHD). Abusers of stimulants may develop tolerance,some amount of dependence, and strong addiction. Figure 12 lists somecommonly abused stimulants and their effects.

Amphetamines One group of powerful stimulants is the(am FET uh meenz). Amphetamines are prescription

drugs that are sometimes sold illegally as “speed” or “uppers.”Amphetamine abuse produces feelings of well-being and high energy.However, the effects wear off quickly and the abuser is often left feelingdepressed. The “down” often leads to taking another—and another—dose. The result may be drug dependence.

Methamphetamine A stimulant that is related to amphetamines,but is even more powerful, is Abuse of this highlyaddictive drug, which is sometimes called “meth,” “crank,” “crystal,” or“ice,” is on the rise. The drug is made from relatively inexpensive over-the-counter ingredients in illegal laboratories called “meth labs.”

Methamphetamine initially produces a rush, or “high.” But, after therush wears off, the user may become confused, shaky, anxious, irritable,or violent. Meth users ultimately become paranoid and psychotic due tobrain damage. Meth use may also cause strokes and deadly convulsions.

How do you think drug nicknames affect theperceptions teens have of the drugs?


methamphetamine.

amphetamines

stimulant

FIGURE 11 In recent years, crimeslinked to methamphetamine havesoared. Reading Graphs By whatpercentage did domestic violencecrimes linked to meth use increase?

� Amphetamine powder

Increase in Crimes Linked to Meth Use

Per

cen

t in

crea

se

100

80

60

40

20

Identitytheft

0Robbery/burglary

Domesticviolence



Special NeedsHelp special needs students focus on themost important content. For example, it ismore important for them to know thatdrugs such as meth and crack are very

dangerous and should be avoided, ratherthan to know that drugs such as meth andcrack are classified as stimulants and increaseblood pressure.

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Visual Learning: Figure 12Teaching Transparency 47Have students read the effects of stimulants that are listed in the figure.Call on volunteers to explain—orexplain yourself, if necessary—the effectsreferred to as paranoia (thinking thateveryone is “out to get you”) and psychotic behavior (acting as thoughyou are out of touch with reality). Havestudents look at the long-term effectsof meth use. Tell them that meth abusersoften lose their teeth, a condition thatis commonly called “meth mouth.”

Hallucinogens

Building VocabularyOn the board, write the following wordparts and their meanings: -ation(“process”) and -gen (“producer”). Ask:If hallucinate means “to see or hearthings that are not real,” what doeshallucination mean? (process of halluci-nating, or seeing or hearing things thatare not real) What does hallucinogenmean? (producer of hallucinations)Conclude by saying that “producers of hallucinations” are drugs called hallucinogens.

Active LearningThe words for classes and kinds of drugson these two pages and throughout thesection are difficult to read and pro-nounce. Read the terms aloud whilestudents read the phonetic respellingsin the textbook. Ask students to repeateach term after you read it aloud.

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Drug Side Effects Long-Term Effects

Amphetamines Restlessness, rapid speech, Hyperactivity, irritability, irregular heart rate, blurred vision, dizziness liver damage, paranoia

Methamphetamine Increased respiration, elevated Psychotic behavior, memory loss, aggression, body temperature, convulsions, brain damage, heart damage, severe tooth and stroke gum disease, stroke

Cocaine Sleep disorders, loss of appetite, Depression, paranoia, irritability, weight loss, increased blood pressure and irregular heartbeat, seizures, respiratory failure, heart rate cardiovascular failure, liver damage

Nicotine/ Nausea, loss of appetite, Hacking cough, difficulty breathing, increasedTobacco Smoke headache, increased number of colds, heart and lung disease blood pressure

Stimulants


Cocaine is a powerful but short-acting stimulant. Cocaineabusers sniff the drug into the nose, smoke it, or inject it directly intotheir bloodstream.

Cocaine is highly addictive. Tolerance develops rapidly, causing abusersto need larger and larger amounts. When cocaine’s effects wear off, abusersoften experience depression, which can be severe. An overdose of cocaine,which can be caused by even a small amount, may result in seizures, heartfailure, or respiratory failure. A cocaine overdose can be fatal.

A process called “free-basing” changes cocaine into a concentrated,smokable form known as crack. Crack is the strongest form of cocaine.The short but powerful effects produced by crack occur within eight sec-onds after it is smoked.

HallucinogensA (huh LOO sih nuh jun) is a drug that distorts perception,thought, and mood. Hallucinogens overload the brain with sensoryinformation, causing a distorted sense of reality. Hallucinogens are ille-gal and have no medical use.

Hallucinogens can produce frightening and unpredictable moodswings. Sometimes abusers cannot tell what is real. They may also expe-rience memory loss and personality changes, be unable to performnormal activities, or lose track of time and their surroundings. Toleranceto the mind-altering effects of hallucinogens develops quickly.

hallucinogen

CocaineFIGURE 12 Stimulants have anumber of dangerous side effectsand long-term health effects.

� Crack cocaine


444 Chapter 17

Cooperative LearningHave pairs of students make flash cardson the material about hallucinogens.Ask partners to use the flash cards tohelp each other learn the information.Advise students to keep their flash cardsand use them to review the material atthe end of the section and again at theend of the chapter.

Building Health SkillsAccessing Information Remind studentsthat hallucinogens can cause permanentmental illnesses, such as schizophrenia.Have the class brainstorm where theycould learn more about drug-relatedmental illness (e.g., dictionaries, ency-clopedias, medical reference books,books about mental health or drugs,online encyclopedias, mental health ordrug abuse Web sites). For each rele-vant source, assign one student toinvestigate it further. Ask students toreport to the class on what they learnabout hallucinogens and mental illnessfrom their assigned source. Discusswhich sources are most informative.

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Focus On ISSUESFocus On ISSUES

Situations Involving MarijuanaDivide the class into three groups. Assigneach group to discuss a responsible solutionto one of the following situations: (a) You’reoffered a ride home from a party by a friendwho is smoking marijuana; (b) Your bestfriend went away for the summer and camehome bragging about smoking marijuanaevery day—now he doesn’t seem to care

about anything that used to be important tohim; (c) Your date says that you can’t gethooked on marijuana like you can with ciga-rettes, then offers you a joint. After groupshave discussed their scenario, have themwrite and act out a role-play that presentsresponsible ways to respond to the situation.

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LSD The strongest known hallucinogen is lysergic acid diethyl-amide, or LSD. LSD is also called “acid.” LSD’s effects areunpredictable—it can either stimulate or depress the centralnervous system. Abusers experience hallucinations in which theymay see colorful visions and mistakenly feel they have superhu-man powers. The drug may also shorten a person’s attentionspan, causing the mind to wander.

LSD use can lead to frightening episodes known as “badtrips.” Another unpredictable effect of LSD is a “flashback.” Aflashback is an unexpected reoccurrence of a bad trip, sometimesyears after LSD was taken. Flashbacks can happen at any timewithout warning.

Psilocybin Another hallucinogen is psilocybin (sil uh SY

bin)—sometimes called “shrooms.”Psilocybin is a chemical foundin a certain type of mushroom. The mushrooms are eaten raw ormixed with food. The effects of psilocybin are much like those ofLSD, but not as strong. Tolerance to psilocybin develops quickly.An added risk of this drug is that a similar-looking, but deadly,mushroom is sometimes mistaken for psilocybin.

PCP One of the most dangerous of all drugs is PCP, short forphencyclidine. PCP was once used as an anesthetic, or painkiller,for large animals. Today, PCP, or “angel dust,” is only availableillegally. Abusers may smoke the white powder with tobacco ormarijuana, or inject, sniff, or eat it. Because the drug eliminatesthe sensation of pain, abusers may unintentionally injure or evenkill themselves. Some PCP abusers develop signs of schizophre-nia, a mental illness. PCP’s effects remain long after drug useends, and flashbacks may occur.

� LSD

� Psilocybin

FIGURE 13 The hallucinogen PCP, a white powder, is sometimesadded to marijuana joints.

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Less Proficient Readers Because the term marijuana is used as amain heading, students might think it isanother category of drug, like depressants,stimulants, and hallucinogens. Make surestudents realize that marijuana is a singledrug that can act as a depressant, stimulant,or hallucinogen, but it is not generallyplaced into any of these three categoriesof drugs.

Gifted and TalentedAsk interested students to find statistics on marijuana as a “gateway drug.” Whatpercentage of marijuana users go on to use “harder” drugs? For which drugs ismarijuana most often a gateway drug? Havestudents use tables or graphs to presenttheir findings to the rest of the class.

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Marijuana

Building Media LiteracyAsk students to find and print a reliableonline source that deals with the physi-cal health effects of smoking marijuana.Have small groups of students comparesources and select the source that ismost reliable and relevant to the topic.Give groups a chance to share theirchoices and the reasons for them.

Visual Learning: Figure 14Have students read the facts about marijuana in the figure. Ask: How is the user affected if marijuana acts as adepressant? (The user’s body and brainslow down.) If marijuana acts as a stimulant? (The user’s body and brainspeed up.) If marijuana acts as a hallu-cinogen? (The user has hallucinations.)What are some lasting negative healtheffects of marijuana use? (damage toshort-term memory, loss of motivation,increased risk of certain cancers)

Active LearningHave students create a poster with illustrations that complete the followingstatement: “Marijuana is harmfulbecause...” Display and discuss the ideaspresented.

Addressing MisconceptionsMarijuana Is Harmful Many people thinkthat marijuana is not that harmful. Tellstudents that marijuana use by teens hasbeen found to cause permanent changesin the brain and increased risks ofdepression, suicide, and schizophrenialater in life.

Using marijuana may lead touse of other drugs, so refrain-

ing from marijuana can help you stayaway from drugs in general.

Online ActivityUse the Web Code toaccess an online activity about commonlyabused drugs. Have students completethe Web activity.

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PHSchool.com


Marijuana(mar uh WAH nuh) is the leaves,

stems, and flowering tops of the hemp plantCannabis sativa. It is also called “pot,” “dope,”“weed,” or “grass.” Marijuana is smoked in a pipeor from a “joint” or “blunt,” or mixed with foodand eaten. The hemp plant is also the source of theillegal drug hashish (HASH eesh), or “hash.”

Effects of Marijuana Marijuana is one of the mostfrequently abused psychoactive drugs. Its main ingredient changes the way information reaches and is acted upon by the brain. Side effects of marijuana use include

� distorted perceptions—sights, sounds, time, and touch

� difficulties with thinking and problem solving

� loss of motor coordination

� increased heart rate

� feelings of anxiety or paranoia

Frequent use of marijuana may permanently affect the brain. Users maydamage their short-term memory and lose the motivation to perform atschool or work. Smoking marijuana also increases the risk of certain cancers.

Marijuana and Driving Because marijuana can act as a depres-sant, users often feel sleepy or drowsy. Marijuana use can also make itdifficult to judge distances and react quickly to signals and sounds on theroad. Driving a car is extremely dangerous when under the influence of marijuana.

A Gateway to Other Drugs You may have heard the phrase“gateway drug” used to describe marijuana. This phrase reflects the factthat marijuana use is often a gateway to using other “harder” drugs, suchas cocaine. As marijuana users build up tolerance, they may seek out otherdrugs to experience the “high” they first got from marijuana. In addition,a marijuana user is likely to be in contact with people who use and sellother illegal drugs. Studies show that almost all young people who useother illegal drugs first used marijuana.

How can refusing marijuana help you stay awayfrom drugs in general?


Marijuana

Facts About Marijuana• May act as a depressant,

stimulant, or hallucinogen

• Has lasting negative healtheffects

• May be deadly if combinedwith alcohol or anotherdepressant

FIGURE 14 Contrary to whatsome people may think, marijuanais a dangerous drug.

For: More on commonlyabused drugs

Visit: PHSchool.comWeb Code: ctd-5173


446 Chapter 17

Club Drugs, Inhalants, and Steroids

Cooperative LearningDivide the class into three groups, andassign each group to learn more aboutthe dangers of club drugs, inhalants, orsteroids. Ask groups to incorporate theinformation in a poster advocatingavoidance of the drugs to other teens.Give groups a chance to share theirposters, and then display the posters inthe classroom.

Visual Learning: Figure 15Teaching Transparency 48Have students read about club drugs inthe figure. Stress that all the drugs canbe fatal, even the first time they areused. Ask: Which club drugs are hallu-cinogens? (ecstasy and ketamine) Callon a student to answer the captionquestion. Then discuss the use of rohypnol and GHB in date rapes.Caption Answer rohypnol and GHB

Addressing MisconceptionsDangers of Steroid Use Students mayhave the misconception that anabolicsteroids are less dangerous than otherdrugs because they are not consideredpsychoactive and are used (sometimeswith no apparent ill effect) by somefamous athletes. Remind students ofthe dangers of steroid use especially toteens, from Chapter 13. Also, make surestudents know that the psychologicalside effects of steroid use (extremeaggression and depression) can be asserious as the side effects of psychoac-tive drugs.

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FYI !FYI !Drug Use by TeensDo you know which type of drug—ecstasy,inhalants, or anabolic steroids—is used bymore teens? According to recent surveys,almost 20 percent of teens have usedinhalants at least once, compared withabout 11 percent of teens who have everused ecstasy and about 6 percent who haveever used anabolic steroids. While use of

ecstasy has dropped dramatically from its peak use in 2001 and rates of steroid use are stable, rates of inhalant use areincreasing, especially in young teens. In2004, 10 percent of eighth graders had usedinhalants in the previous 12 months. In thatsame year, about 6 percent of tenth gradersand 4 percent of twelfth graders had usedinhalants in the previous 12 months.

446 Chapter 17

Drug Classification Side Effects Other Facts

Ecstasy (MDMA) Combined stimulant Increased heart rate and blood pressure, Drugs called “Ecstasy”Also called and hallucinogen blurred vision, muscle tension, often contain otherXTC, X, Adam, severe sweating and chills, nausea, substances besidesclarity, love drug increased body temperature MDMA that make them that can lead to organ failure even more dangerous.

Rohypnol CNS depressant Decreased blood pressure, drowsiness, Associated with “dateAlso called dizziness, confusion, memory loss rapes”; a small dose canroofies, rophies, impair a user for up to forget-me pill 12 hours.

GHB (Gamma- CNS depressant; Drowsiness, nausea, headache, Associated with “datehydroxybutyrate) also has anabolic loss of reflexes rapes”; high doses mayAlso called (body-building) result in sleep, coma,grievous bodily effects or death.harm, G, liquidecstasy Ketamine Hallucinogen Hallucinations, increased heart High doses may causeAlso called K, rate and blood pressure, delirium and fatalVitamin K, impaired motor function, respiratory problems.cat valium memory loss, numbness, nausea

Club Drugs

FIGURE 15 Some of the knowneffects of club drugs are listed here. Reading Tables Which club drugsare CNS depressants?

Club Drugs, Inhalants, and SteroidsSo far, you have learned about the traditional classes of drugs that arecommonly abused. Three classes of drugs that are of growing concernin recent years are club drugs, inhalants, and anabolic steroids. Theeffects of club drugs and inhalants are extremely unpredictable and dan-gerous. The dangers of steroid abuse are less immediate. However, abuseof steroids causes lifelong damage to the body and brain.

Club Drugs got their name from the fact that they firstgained popularity at dance clubs and raves. They are now more widelyavailable, but their use is still often associated with the club scene. Thestrength and quality of club drugs are highly unpredictable—their effectsare different from person to person and very dangerous. Figure 15 sum-marizes the dangers of four of the more common club drugs. Other drugsassociated with the club scene include methamphetamine and the hallu-cinogens LSD and PCP.

Some people are unknowing victims of club drugs. For example,rohypnol (roh HYP nawl) can be slipped into someone’s drink without hisor her knowledge. While under the effects of the drug, the person may behurt or raped and not even be able to recall the event later on.

Club drugs

� Ecstasy


3. Assess


1. Depressants slow body functions by decreas-ing heart and breathing rates and loweringblood pressure. Stimulants speed up thecentral nervous system and increase heartrate, blood pressure, breathing rate, andalertness. Hallucinogens overload the brainwith sensory information, causing a dis-torted sense of reality.

2. any drug made from or simulating the psychoactive compounds in poppy seedpods; morphine, codeine, and heroin

3. a stimulant related to amphetamines; anythree: psychotic behavior, memory loss,aggression, brain damage, heart damage,severe tooth and gum disease, stroke

4. Marijuana changes the way informa-tion reaches and is acted upon bythe brain. Any three: distorted per-ceptions, difficulties with thinkingand problem solving, loss of motorcoordination, increased heart rate,feelings of anxiety or paranoia

5. Three classes are club drugs,inhalants, and steroids. Club drugschange heart rate and blood pres-sure and can lead to death. Inhalantscause organ and brain cell damageand can be fatal. Steroids causedepression and aggression and canlead to permanent physical damage.

6. because they are usually used inhigher doses, possibly in dangerouscombinations with other drugs, andwithout medical supervision

7. It is more powerful.

Steroid Abuse Rules Students mightchoose baseball, football, or track,among many other sports. Rules andtesting procedures are subject to frequent revision. Students are likelyto find the most up-to-date rules andprocedures online.

Health and Community

Section 3 Review

Key Ideas and Vocabulary1. Briefly describe the overall effects that depressants,

stimulants, and hallucinogens have on the body.

2. What is an opiate? Give three examples.

3. What is methamphetamine? List three long-termeffects of methamphetamine use.

4. How does marijuana affect the brain? List threeside effects.

5. Name three classes of drugs of increasing concerntoday. In three sentences, summarize the dangersof each.

Critical Thinking6. Relating Cause and Effect Explain why

prescription depressants or stimulants aredangerous when used for nonmedical purposes.

7. Comparing and Contrasting How ismethamphetamine different from otheramphetamines?

CommunityHealth and

Steroid Abuse Rules Choose three differentsports where steroid abuse is a problem. Find outwhat rules and testing procedures are applied toprofessional athletes in these sports. Summarizeyour findings in a one-page report.


FIGURE 16 Inhalant abuse isextremely dangerous.

Some Dangers ofInhalant Abuse• Liver and kidney damage

• Loss of bladder control

• Permanent hearing loss

• Brain cell death

• Loss of consciousness,coma, or death

The effects of rohypnol are most severe when it is taken with an alcoholic drink. This is because of the synergism of combining twodepressant drugs. However, rohypnol can be dangerous in any drink.The best advice for avoiding club drugs is to stay away from places wherethese drugs are used.

Inhalants A breathable chemical vapor that produces mind-alteringeffects is called an (in HAYL unt). Some inhalants have appropri-ate medical uses. For example, nitrous oxide is an anesthetic used bydentists and doctors during surgery. But most inhalants are not meantfor human use.

Abusing inhalants—including glue and household cleaners—may produce brief feelings of excitement or giddiness, but the feelings are farfrom harmless. In fact, they are a sign that the oxygen in the inhaled breathhas been replaced with a chemical that has either stimulated the heart ordepressed brain function. Even a single session of inhalant abuse can causedeath by cardiac arrest or suffocation.

Anabolic Steroids Anabolic steroids are synthetic drugs that aresimilar to the hormone testosterone. Legal uses of this drug include treat-ing growth disorders and certain types of anemia. But steroids are alsoabused, primarily by people who want bigger muscles.

You can review the many dangerous side effects of steroid abuse inChapter 13. Steroid use is especially dangerous for teenagers, whose grow-ing bodies can suffer permanent damage. Unlike other commonly abuseddrugs, steroids are not considered psychoactive. However, they can haveserious long-term effects on a user’s brain. Have you ever heard the phrase“roid rage”? Steroids can make a user’s personality very aggressive. Inaddition, some steroid users become severely depressed.

inhalant

EvaluateThese assignments can help you assessstudents’ mastery of the section content.

Section 3 ReviewAnswers appear below.

Teaching Resources• Practice 17-3• Section 17-3 Quiz

ReteachHave students use information in thesection’s figures to create a true-falsequiz. Then have pairs of studentsexchange and try to solve each other’squiz. If partners disagree over the cor-rect answers to any of the quiz ques-tions, have them find the answers inthe text.

Enrich

Teaching Resources• Enrich 17-3

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PH Health Chapter 17.qxd 3/7/06 7:43 PM Page 440 Section 3