ISRO Summer Internship 2016 Project

A Project On

“Web MappingApplication to

Map Hospitals“

By:Pranavchaturvedi 0677NehaMathur 0513Rahul Jangid 0091Kriti Jain 0748Ayush Sharma 0215HarmeenKaur 1193

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Our first experience of project has been successfully, thanks to the support staff of many friends & colleagues with gratitude.

We wish to acknowledge all of them. However, we wish to make special mention of the following .First Of all we are thankful of our project guide Mr Gaurav under whose guideline we were able to complete our    project.

We are wholeheartedly thankful to her for giving us her  value able time & attention & for providing us a systematic way for completing our project in time .We must make special mention of Mr.GAURAV, our project in charge for their co-operation & assistance in solving a technical problem.

We would thank to our H.O.D. Dr. RAJESH PUROHIT & all lab maintenance staff for proving us assistance in various h/w& s/w problem encountered during course of our project. We are also very thankful to respective DEAN Dr.KAMLESH PUROHIT sir who gave us an opportunity to present this project.  Participates

Pranavchaturvedi 0677Rahul Jangid 0091Kriti Jain 0748Ayush Sharma 0215NehaMathur 0513HarmeenKaur 1193

MBM Engineering College Jodhpur

Certificate

This is to certify that following students

Name of Students Enroll No

1.PranavChaturvedi 06774.Rahul Jangid 00913.Kriti Jain 07484.Ayush Sharma 02155.Neha Mathur 05136.Harmeen Kaur 1193

Of IInd year have successfully completed their project work on “Web Mapping Application to Map Hospitals“ of MBM Engineering College Jodhpur.

(DR. RAJESH PUROHIT) (Mr. GAURAV)

Date:

Place: Jodhpur

Contents

1. Introduction Of ISRO2. Introduction Of The Project3. SDLC Model 4. User Requirements 5. Tools Used6. Database7. OSM8. Result9. Scope of Improvement10. Bibliography

Introduction Of ISRO

Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is an Indian space research agency which has been successful in launching various space vehicles since its formation. It is an esteemed organization responsible for space research, which is controlled by the government of India and has over the years attained an enviable position of being one of the most prestigious and leading space research organizations in the world.ISRO till date has successfully conducted different kinds of operations under the guidance of the Indian scientific community. In the last four decades they have been serving Indian and foreign clients with the help of their launch vehicle fleet. ISRO has over the years built many field installations and works together with the international space research community on many important bilateral and multilateral research agreements.

Introduction Of The Project

We have created an attractive MyHospitals website which will help people in locating private and public hospitals in jodhpur.

The hospitals are located on osm (openstreet map) using Openlayers which is an open source JavaScript library for displaying map data. We can zoom in and zoom out the map.

We have collected the data about hospitals which includes their names, addresses, latitudes and longitudes of their locations. Data is stored in database. The locations of hospitals are shown using red markers and pop-up is shown whenever you click on the marker. Also a yellow marker is pointing at our college location M.B.M Engineering College. Also additional pages are their which consists of hospitals name, image and some brief information about each hospital.

SDLCSDLC, Software Development Life Cycle is a process used by software industry to design, develop and test high quality softwares. The SDLC aims to produce a high quality software that meets or exceeds customer expectations, reaches completion within times and cost estimates.

SDLC is the acronym of Software Development Life Cycle. It is also called as Software development process. The software development life cycle (SDLC) is a framework defining tasks performed at

each step in the software development process. ISO/IEC 12207 is an international standard for software life-cycle processes. It aims to be

the standard that defines all the tasks required for developing and maintaining software.

What is SDLC?SDLC is a process followed for a software project, within a software organization. It consists of a detailed plan describing how to develop, maintain, replace and alter or enhance specific software. The life cycle defines a methodology for improving the quality of software and the overall development process.

The following figure is a graphical representation of the various stages of a typical SDLC.

A typical Software Development life cycle consists of the following stages:

Our Project is a Combination of these 2 Models:

V Model and Iterative Model

The Development was as follows:

1. OSM Map Creation

2. Mapping Numerous Hospitals

3. Creation of database (InnoDb which has a support of XtraDb in it)

4. Marking the Pointers for each Hospital on the map

5. Displaying the Popup Content on the User Search

6. Creating an Attractive web page for User requirement

7. Linkage of Database with Our Map

Tools UsedThe tools used are

HTML AND CSS PHP OPENLAYERS

HTML AND CSS(HyperTextMarkup Language)

HyperTextMarkup Language, commonly abbreviated as HTML, is the standard markup language used to create web pages. Along with CSS, and JavaScript, HTML is a cornerstone technology used to create web pages,[1] as well as to create user interfaces for mobile and web applications. Web browsers can read HTML files and render them into visible or audible web pages. HTML describes the structure of a websitesemantically and, before the advent of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), included cues for the presentation or appearance of the document (web page), making it a markup language, rather than a programming language.

HTML elements form the building blocks of HTML pages. HTML allows images and other objects to be embedded and it can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. HTML elements are delineated by tags, written using angle brackets. Tags such as <img /> and <input /> introduce content into the page directly. Others such as <p>...</p> surround and provide information about document text and may include other tags as sub-elements. Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to interpret the content of the page.

HTML can embed scripts written in languages such as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML web pages. HTML markup can also refer the browser to Cascading Style Sheets(CSS) to define the look and

layout of text and other material. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), maintainer of both the HTML and the CSS standards, has encouraged the use of CSS over explicit presentational HTML since 1997.[2]

PHP

PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also used as a general-purpose programming language. Originally created by RasmusLerdorf in 1994,[4] the PHP reference implementation is now produced by The PHP Group.[5] PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page,[4] but it now stands for the recursivebackronymPHP: Hypertext Preprocessor.[6]

PHP code may be embedded into HTML code, or it can be used in combination with various web template systems, web content management systems and web frameworks. PHP code is usually processed by a PHP interpreter implemented as a module in the web server or as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) executable. The web server combines the results of the interpreted and executed PHP code, which may be any type of data, including images, with the generated web page. PHP code may also be executed with a command-line interface (CLI) and can be used to implement standalonegraphical applications.[7]

The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend Engine, is free software released under the PHP License. PHP has been widely ported and can be deployed on most web servers on almost every operating system and platform, free of charge.[8]

The PHP language evolved without a written formal specification or standard until 2014, leaving the canonical PHP interpreter as a de facto standard. Since 2014 work has gone on to create a formal PHP specification.[9]

During the 2010s there have been increased efforts towards standardisation and code sharing in PHP applications by projects such as PHP-FIG in the form of PSR-initiatives as well as Composer dependency manager and the Packagist repository.

JAVASCRIPT

Features[edit]

The following features are common to all conforming ECMAScript implementations, unless explicitly specified otherwise.

Imperative and structured[edit]

JavaScript supports much of the structured programming syntax from C (e.g., if statements, while loops, switch statements, do while loops, etc.). One partial exception isscoping: JavaScript originally had only function scoping with var. ECMAScript 2015 adds a let keyword for

block scoping, meaning JavaScript now has both function and block scoping. Like C, JavaScript makes a distinction between expressions and statements. One syntactic difference from C is automatic semicolon insertion, which allows the semicolons that would normally terminate statements to be omitted. [29]

Dynamic[edit]Typing

As with most scripting languages, JavaScript is dynamically typed; a type is associated with each value, rather than just with each expression. For example, a variable that is at one time bound to a number may later be re-bound to a string.[30] JavaScript supports various ways to test the type of an object, including duck typing.[31]

Run-time evaluationJavaScript includes an eval function that can execute statements provided as strings at run-time.

Prototype-based (Object-oriented)JavaScript is almost entirely object-based. In JavaScript, an object is an associative array, augmented with a prototype (see below); each string key provides the name for an object property, and there are two syntactical ways to specify such a name: dot notation (obj.x = 10) and bracket notation (obj['x'] = 10). A property may be added, rebound, or deleted at run-time. Most properties of an

object (and any property that belongs to an object's prototype inheritance chain) can be enumerated using a for...inloop.

JavaScript has a small number of built-in objects, including Function and Date.

PrototypesJavaScript uses prototypes where many other object-oriented languages use classes for inheritance.[32] It is possible to simulate many class-based features with prototypes in JavaScript. [33]

Functions as object constructorsFunctions double as object constructors along with their typical role. Prefixing a function call with new will create an instance of a prototype, inheriting properties and methods from the constructor (including properties from the Object prototype).[34] ECMAScript 5 offers the Object.create method, allowing explicit creation of an instance without automatically inheriting from the Object prototype (older environments can assign the prototype to null).[35] The constructor's prototype property determines

the object used for the new object's internal prototype. New methods can be added by modifying the prototype of the function used as a constructor. JavaScript's built-in constructors, such as Array or Object, also have prototypes that can be modified. While it is possible to modify the Object prototype, it is generally considered bad practice because most objects in JavaScript will inherit methods and properties from the Object prototype and they may not expect the prototype to be

modified.[36]

Functions as methodsUnlike many object-oriented languages, there is no distinction between a function definition and a method definition. Rather, the distinction occurs during function calling; when a function is called as a method of an object, the function's local this keyword is bound to that object for that invocation.

Functional[edit]

A function is first-class; a function is considered to be an object. As such, a function may have properties and methods, such as .call() and .bind().[37] A nested function is a

function defined within another function. It is created each time the outer function is invoked. In addition, each nested function forms a lexical closure: The lexical scope of the outer function (including any constant, local variable, or argument value) becomes part of the internal state of each inner function object, even after execution of the outer function concludes.[38] JavaScript also supports anonymous functions.

Delegative[edit]

JavaScript supports implicit and explicit delegation.

Functions as Roles (Traits and Mixins)JavaScript natively supports various function-based implementations of Role [39]  patterns like Traits [40] [41] and Mixins.[42] Such a function defines additional behavior by at least one method bound to

the this keyword within its function body. A Role then has to be delegated explicitly via call or apply to objects that need to feature additional behavior that is not shared via the prototype

chain.

Object Composition and InheritanceWhereas explicit function-based delegation does cover composition in JavaScript, implicit delegation already happens every time the prototype chain is walked in order to, e.g., find a method that might be related to but is not directly owned by an object. Once the method is found it gets called within this object's context. Thus inheritance in JavaScript is covered by a delegation automatism that is bound to the prototype property of constructor functions.

Miscellaneous[edit]Run-time environment

JavaScript typically relies on a run-time environment (e.g., a Web browser) to provide objects and methods by which scripts can interact with the environment (e.g., a webpage DOM). It also relies on the run-time environment to provide the ability to include/import scripts (e.g., HTML <script> elements).

This is not a language feature per se, but it is common in most JavaScript implementations.

JavaScript processes messages from a queue one at a time. Upon loading a new message, JavaScript calls a function associated with that message, which creates a call stack frame (the function's arguments and local variables). The call stack shrinks and grows based on the function's needs. Upon function completion, when the stack is empty, JavaScript proceeds to the next message in the queue. This is called the event loop, described as "run to completion" because each message is fully processed before the next message is considered. However, the language's concurrency model describes the event loop as non-blocking: program input/output is performed using events andcallback functions. This means, for instance, that JavaScript can process a mouse click while waiting for a database query to return information.[43]

Variadic functionsAn indefinite number of parameters can be passed to a function. The function can access them through formal parameters and also through the local arguments object.Variadic functions can also be

created by using the bind method.

Array and object literalsLike many scripting languages, arrays and objects (associative arrays in other languages) can each be created with a succinct shortcut syntax. In fact, these literals form the basis of the JSON data format.

Regular expressionsJavaScript also supports regular expressions in a manner similar to Perl, which provide a concise and powerful syntax for text manipulation that is more sophisticated than the built-in string functions. [44]

Related languages and features[edit]

JSON, or JavaScript Object Notation, is a general-purpose data interchange format that is defined as a subset of JavaScript's object literal syntax. Like much of JavaScript (regexps and anonymous functions as 1st class elements, closures, flexible classes, 'use strict'), JSON, except for replacing Perl's key-value operator '=>' by an RFC 822 [100] inspired ':', is syntactically pure Perl.

jQuery is a popular JavaScript library designed to simplify DOM-oriented client-side HTML scripting along with offering cross-browser compatibility because various browsers respond differently to certain vanilla JavaScript code.

Underscore.js is a utility JavaScript library for data manipulation that is used in both client-side and server-side network applications.

Mozilla browsers currently support LiveConnect, a feature that allows JavaScript and Java to intercommunicate on the Web. However, Mozilla-specific support for LiveConnect is scheduled to be phased out in the future in favor of passing on the LiveConnect handling via NPAPI to the Java 1.6+ plug-in (not yet supported on the Mac as of March 2010).[101]Most browser inspection tools, such as Firebug in Firefox, include JavaScript interpreters that can act on the visible page's DOM.

asm.js is a subset of JavaScript that can be run in any JavaScript engine or run faster in an ahead-of-time (AOT) compiling engine.[102]

JSFuck is an esoteric programming language. Programs are written using only six different characters, but are still valid JavaScript code.

p5.js[103] is an object oriented JavaScript library designed for artists and designers. It is based on the ideas of the Processing project but is for the web.

OPENLAYERSOpenLayers is an open source JavaScript library for displaying map data in web browsers. It provides an API for building rich web-based geographic applications similar to Google Maps and Bing Maps. The library was originally based on the Prototype JavaScript Framework.

OpenLayers supports GeoRSS, KML (Keyhole Markup Language), Geography Markup Language (GML), GeoJSON and map data from any source using OGC-standards as Web Map Service (WMS) or Web Feature Service (WFS).

OpenLayers was created by MetaCarta after the O'Reilly Where 2.0 conference [3] of June 29–30, 2005,[4] and released as open source software before the Where 2.0 conference of June 13–14, 2006, by MetaCarta Labs. Two other open-source mapping tools released by MetaCarta are FeatureServer and TileCache. Since November 2007, OpenLayers has been an Open Source Geospatial Foundation project.[5]

DATABASE

A database-management system (DBMS) is a collection of interrelated data and set of programs to access those data.The collection is usually referred to as the Database,contains information relevant to an enterprise.The primary goal of a DBMS is to provide a way to store and retrieve database information that is both convenient and efficient.

Database systems are designed to manage large bodies of information. Management of data involves both defining structures for storage of information and providing mechanisms for the manipulation of information. In addition, the database system must ensure the safety of the information stored, despite system crashes or attempts at unauthorized access. If data are to be shared among several users, the system must avoid possible anomalous results.

Because information is so important in most organizations, computer scientists have developed a large body of concepts and techniques for managing data.

Database used is InnoDB. InnoDB is a storage engine for MySQL. It provides the standard ACID-compliant transaction features, along with foreign key support (Declarative Referential Integrity).

A relational database is based on the relational model and uses a collection of tables to represent both data and the relationships amoung those data. It also includes a DML (Data Manipulation Language)and DDL(Data Definition Language).Most commercial database systems employ the SQL language.

TABLESEach table has multiple columns and each column has a unique name. It contains fixed number of fields and attritutes. The table made in this project is ‘hospital’ table. For example the hospital is identified by SNo 7 is named Mahatma Gandhi Hospital, has address MG Hospital Road Opposite Mehta Medical, Jalori Gate and latitude and longitude of that place.

Entity-Relationship DiagramsAn E-R diagram can express the overall logical structure of a database graphically.E-R diagrams are simple and clear.

E-R diagram corresponding to hospital table

hospital

SNo

Name

Address

Lng

Lat

Phno

Such a diagram consists of the following major components are: • Rectangles, which represent entity sets

• Ellipses, which represent attributes

• Diamonds, which represent relationship sets

• Lines, which link attributes to entity sets and entity sets to relationship sets

• Double ellipses, which represent multivalued attributes

• Dashed ellipses, which denote derived attributes

• Double lines, which indicate total participation of an entity in a relationship set

• Double rectangles, which represent weak entity sets

Some Important terms:

a. Rectangle -- Entityb. Ellipses -- Attribute (underlined attributes are [part of] the primary key)c. Double ellipses -- multi-valued attributed. Dashed ellipses-- derived attribute, e.g. age is derivable from birthdate and current

date.e. Superkey: an attribute or set of attributes that uniquely identifies an entity--there can

be many of thesef. Composite key: a key requiring more than one attributeg. Candidate key: a superkey such that no proper subset of its attributes is also a

superkey (minimal superkey – has no unnecessary attributes)h. Primary key: the candidate key chosen to be used for identifying entities and

accessing records.  Unless otherwise noted "key" means "primary key"i. Alternate key: a candidate key not used for primary keyj. Secondary key: attribute or set of attributes commonly used for accessing records, but

not necessarily uniquek. Foreign key: term used in relational databases (but not in the E-R model) for an

attribute that is the primary key of another table and is used to establish a relationship with that table where it appears as an attribute also.

A superkey of an entity set is a set of one more attributes that are taken collectively allows us to identify uniquely an entity in the entity set.We choose a minimal superkey for each entity set from amoungs the superkeys,the minimal superkey is termed as Primary Key. The ‘SNo’ is primary key for the given table ’hospital’.

SQL(Structured Query Language)The database systems requires a query language that is more user friendly.SQL defines the structure of the data, modify data in the database and specify security constraints.

The SQL languages has several parts:

SQL language is divided into four types of primary language statements: DML, DDL, DCL and TCL. Using these statements, we can define the structure of a database by creating and altering database objects, and we can manipulate data in a table through updates or deletions.

The query processor components include :

• DDL interpreter, which interprets DDL statements and records the definitions in the data dictionary.

• DML compiler, which translates DML statements in a query language into an evaluation plan consisting of low-level instructions that the query evaluation engine understands. A query can usually be translated into any of a number of alternative evaluation plans that all give the same result. The DML compiler also performs query optimization, that is, it picks the lowest cost evaluation plan from among the alternatives.

• Query evaluation engine, which executes low-level instructions generated by the DML compiler.

Transaction Control Language(TCL) commands are used to manage transactions in database.These are used to manage the changes made by DML statements. It also allows statements to be grouped together into logical transactions.

OSM (OpenStreetMap)

Browsing the Map

To browse OpenStreetMap, open the www.openstreetmap.org homepage. This viewer allows you to Find Places by name (see next section) and/or to zoom in and scroll around our world map.

To zoom in click the plus icon (1) in the top-right or press your keyboard's plus (+) key. This will zoom towards the centre of the currently displayed map.

Holding down shift while clicking zooms by three levels.

You can also zoom in with your mouse's scroll wheel, by double-clicking on the map. This will zoom towards the current mouse pointer position.

You could also zoom in by holding down the shift key and dragging a box with your mouse over the area you want to zoom in on.

If you have a multi-touch device you can use zoom and pinch gestures to zoom the map in or out.

To zoom out click the minus icon (2) in the top-right or the minus (-) key or use your mouse's scroll wheel. Shift-click also works here.

To pan and scroll around simply drag the map with your mouse or use the arrow keys.

To centre the map where you are (on the geolocation supplied by your browser) click the arrow icon (3).

You will see a general coastal layout of countries at high zoom levels, but as you zoom in, you can find roads and all sorts of other details which we have in our data.

Finding PlacesIn the search box appearing beside the map (10), enter the name of a town/city/road, a shop's name, or combined searches like "bakery tour Eiffel", "fast food Piraeus" etc. – see Nominatim for more information.

Change layers on the homepage by clicking the layers icon (4)

LayersYou can switch between different "layers" offering different views of the same mapping data. Do this by clicking the layers icon (4)

The layer called "Standard" is the default. "Cycle Map", "Transport Map", "MapQuest Open" and "Humanitarian" are alternatives. The styles look quite different. Which is better, is often a matter of personal preference. These views are rendered in different ways (being turned from raw data into a map image), although all of these use Mapnik software. Because the layers are running on different server infrastructure with different set-ups, one layer may be more out-of-date compared to another (recently mapped roads not showing up).

For the "Standard" layer there is a basic key available showing how different types of primitives (mainly roads) on the map are rendered. Click the "i" icon (5) to bring it up. For a more complete list of how OSM renders different features in the Standard layer see Standard tile layer.

Newcomers should also note that it is in the nature of OpenStreetMap that there are many many other designs of maps available elsewhere if the small selection on www.openstreetmap.org don't appeal. They are all based on the same OSM data. A good point to start discovering may be List of OSM-based services.

In the 'layers' sidebar (4), you can also tick 'notes' to view any notes which people may have placed on the map here. If there are any, you will see markers appear. Click the markers to read the notes.

To add a new note to the map, use the notes button (7)

Map Data layerIn the 'layers' sidebar (4), you can also tick 'data' to activate the data browser. This gives you a view of the underlying data, allowing you to select the elements and view their tag data, and editing history. Similar features are also available within the editors (See Editing). This view is read-only. It is a JavaScript interface which requires a powerful up-to-date web browser, but does not require flash support.

There is also an easier data interface: use the query features tool by clicking the ? (11). Then click a spot in the map to see which data elements are at this spot.

Sharing a link to the maps

If you do not know OpenStreetMap already, open this link in a new tab and have a look at the beginning of this page.

You can show something on the OSM map to somebody (share it) by …

using the Share Panel (6) (see Adding a Marker below) or by

copying the URL from your browser's address bar (8) and pasting it, for example, in an e-mail to send. By using (clicking) that URL, the recipient will see the same map as you see (with any optional highlighting you made to show a feature).

Optional highlights are shown …

if you search (10) for something and click on a result, if you click on ? (11), hover it and click over some spot and click on one of the nearby results,

if you add a marker (see section Adding a Marker below).

Technically, the URL is dynamically modified as you pan around and is constructed like described in the section Other URL tricks below.

Adding a Marker

Finer steps to generate a link with a marker

Another option on the 'share' panel is to share a map URL which will cause it to show a marker.

Zoom/pan to the approximate area you require.

Open the 'share' panel (6 in top image)/(1 in right image here)

Tick the "Include marker" box to add a marker. (2)

Pan the map or drag the marker, to position it precisely (3)

Zoom out (e.g. by clicking the minus button) if you wish to share a map of the wider area

Select 'Link' or 'Short Link' in the right-hand side box (4)

Click into the URL box directly below the buttons, the URL will get selected automatically (5), copy the URL (e.g. by right click and "copy") (6)

Paste your URL into a new browser window to test it

Paste your URL elsewhere to share it.

Short linksOpenStreetMap supports highly compact short URLs which can be generated from the 'share' panel (6). Short links are great for emailing, tweeting, and otherwise sharing map links in situations where a long URL can cause problems. They redirect to the longer type of the URL described above. Note that these short links are case sensitive and contain I, l and 1. In some fonts these characters can be difficult to distinguish. For more about how the feature works see Shortlink.

Other URL tricksNote that some URL parameters may not be supported long term. We offer no guarantees.

The URL is constructed like this:

http[s]://www.openstreetmap.org[/node|way|relation/<number>[/history[#<version>]]]

/?[&mlat=<latitude>&mlon=<longitude>][#map=<zoom level>/<latitude>/<longitude>][&bbox=<min longitude>,<min latitude>,<max longitude>,<max latitude>][&layers=<layer code>]

The parameters mlat and mlon are used to indicate the position of the red marker. Please note that your marker may be outside the shown map part.

The layer URL parameter takes a special Layer Code representing your layer selection. The parameter is optional and if you leave it out, we will default to showing our "standard" map style.

RESULT

SCOPE OF IMPROVEMENTElaborate these

More number of hospitals Facilities available in each hospital. Detailed data. More precise and accurate location Can show nearing hospitals from user’s location. Navigation More detailed road map

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://docs.opencv.org/3.0-beta/doc/py_tutorials/py_tutorials.html

https://www.phpmyadmin.net/

https://www.apachefriends.org/download.html

http://stackoverflow.com

https://thenewboston.com/videos.php

http://openlayers.org/two/

openstreetmap.in/

https://github.com/openlayers/ol2