ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance

    1/16

    Product Guide

    Advancing the Science of Coating

    Pharmaceuticals

    Performance

    Enhancing

    Technology

    Advantia PerformanceCoating Systems

    for Delayed (Enteric) Drug Release

  • 8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance

    2/16

    Table of Contents

    Introduction. 3

    ISP: A Partner for Film Coating ........................................................................................3

    Development.of.Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems..

    by.Statistical.Design.of.Experiments 4

    Advantia Performance 190024HA49 .............................................................................5

    Color Coating Systems .....................................................................................................5

    Application.of.Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems. 6

    Aspirin Tablets with Advantia Performance Coating System ...........................................6

    Details of Coating Process Used ......................................................................................7

    Overview of Results Obtained ..........................................................................................9

    General.Coating.Guidelines.for..

    Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems. 12

    Suspension Preparation Guidelines ...............................................................................12

    General Coating Condition Guidelines ...........................................................................12

    Sub-Coating Guidelines .................................................................................................13

    Technical.Service.and.Support 14

    Technical Capabilities .................................................................................................14

    Regulatory.and.Safety. 14

    Storage.and.Handling. 15

    Getting.Started. 15

    2..Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems.

  • 8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance

    3/16

    ISP.Pharma.Technologie

    IntroductionAdvantia Perormance Coating Systems are pre-blended, ready-to-use

    powders based on methacrylic acid ethyl acrylate copolymer or lm coating

    o pharmaceutical oral solid dosage orms (tablets, multiparticulates, two-piece

    gelatin capsules, and sotgels) to produce a delayed-release (or enteric-release)

    eect. Available pigmented or unpigmented, Advantia Perormance Coating

    Systems are easy-to-use powders that can be readily dispersed in water and applied.

    With an Advantia Perormance Coating Systems, suspension preparation is

    simple. Te more traditional procedure or preparing enteric-coating suspensions

    oten requires three steps. In the traditional process, the rst step is to homogenize

    the plasticizer, detackier and, optionally, an antioam agent in water to orm

    a suspension. Ater a suitable mixing time, this suspension is then added, with

    mixing, to an acrylic polymer dispersion. Tis combined suspension is passed

    through a sieve. For colored enteric-coating ormulation, a colorant must be

    added using an additional processing step.

    With an Advantia Perormance Coating Systems, powder is added to water(stirred in a suitable mixing tank to create a vortex) and mixed. With this process,

    there are ewer processing steps involved, and ewer ingredients to inventory and

    submit to quality control testing compared with a traditional system, thus saving

    time and money.

    ISP:.A.Partner.for.Film.Coating

    Experience. As a supplier o high-quality excipients or solid dosage orms,

    including Plasdone binders and Polyplasdone super disintegrants, to the

    pharmaceutical, vitamin and nutritional industries or over 50 years, ISP has

    developed sound expertise in ormulation o oral solid dosage orms. Tis

    expertise complements our capabilities with respect to designing lm-coating

    systems. ISP has over 50 sales specialists and 40 scientists dedicated to its

    pharmaceutical business, working in local oces and laboratories around the

    world to respond to customer needs and ensure consistent product rom

    laboratory to commercial production.

    Innovative. In addition to oering lm coating systems based on conventional

    technology, ISP is developing innovative coating systems based on its experience

    as a leading polymer research company. Te ISP technical team has core strengths

    in design and development o novel unctional systems based on molecularstructure-property relationships, to provide rapid solutions to customer needs.

    At ISP, our scientists are working to develop an enhanced range o lm coatings

    designed to meet the evolving needs o the pharmaceutical industry. We are

    committed to advancing the science o tablet lm coatings.

    Worldwide. With over 70 locations worldwide, serving customers in more than

    90 countries, ISP can provide the global sales and service support our customers

    require rom a lm coating supplier. Our eight pharmaceutical laboratories are

    staed with scientists that have experience in the ormulation o oral solid dosage

    orms, design o coating ormulations, color matching, and coating applications.

    ISP.Pharmaceuticals.Product.Guid

  • 8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance

    4/16

    4..Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems.

    Development.of.Advantia.Performance..

    Coating.Systems.by.Statistical.Design..

    of.ExperimentsIn the development o Advantia Perormance Coating Systems, ISP used a

    statistical design o experiments (D.o.E.) approach to understand the impact

    o component levels on the perormance o an enteric coating system to provide

    consistent, reproducible enteric release proles. Using the data generated and

    the predictive capabilities o the D.o.E. sotware, ISP can identiy the optimum

    ormulation, and its perormance attributes, best suited or each customers

    application. For example, the data acilitate the selection o enteric lm coating

    ormulations with a broad range o potential attributes, such as:

    Fastest drug release in buer, pH 6.8

    Most eective gastric resistance at lowest weight gain

    Most suitable or enteric coating o intagliated tablets

    Te last o these points oten presents a challenge or enteric lm coating since the

    coating deposited within the intagliation is likely to be much thinner, and possess

    a less suitable coating structure, so that maintaining eective gastric resistance is

    compromised. ISP scientists have studied enteric-coated intagliated tablets, using

    erahertz analysis technology. In Figure 1, erahertz analysis o two intagliated

    tablets is shown, indicating that the enteric lm is signicantly thinner within the

    intagliation and at the edges.

    Figure.1.Coating thickness assessed using Terahertz technology indicates potential or

    compromising integrity o enteric lm coating on an intagliated tablet.

  • 8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance

    5/16

    ISP.Pharmaceuticals.Product.Guid

    Advantia.Performance.190024HA49.

    Advantia Perormance 190024HA49, a white coating ormulation, has been

    selected as our standard concept sample and is intended to be a starting

    point ormulation. In cases where additional perormance attributes are

    required, ISP scientists utilize the D.o.E. sotware in combination with

    responses generated rom the design o experiment, to produce a coating

    ormulation more suitable or a given application.

    Color.Coating.Systems

    When a colored tablet is required, a colored Advantia Perormance coating

    can be ormulated to meet your individual color needs, limited only by specic

    color regulations. ISP maintains strict color control to ensure lot-to-lot

    consistency. ypical colored examples are shown in Figure 2.

    Alternatively, tablets can be enteric-coated with a white Advantia

    Perormance Coating System and subsequently overcoated with a

    colored Advantia Prime Coating System (cellulosic lm-coating system).For a colored product, please contact your local ISP sales oce or account

    representative.

    Figure.2.Advantia Perormance Coating Systems can be pigmented to reduce the

    number o processing steps.

  • 8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance

    6/16

    6..Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems.

    Application.of.Advantia..

    Performance.Coating.Systems.Advantia Perormance Coating Systems have been used or a broad range o

    applications requiring a delayed-release coating, including the coating o tablets,

    capsules (sotgels) and multiparticulates. Examples o active pharmaceutical

    ingredients (APIs) that ISP scientists have worked on with Advantia PerormanceCoating Systems are shown in able 1.

    Table.1.APIs that have been the subject o coating projects with Advantia Perormance

    While each coating application may have specic requirements (in terms o type

    o process and specic process conditions used), a project involving the enteric

    coating o 325-mg aspirin tablets serves as an example o the application

    o Advantia Perormance Coating Systems.

    Aspirin.Tablets.with.Advantia .Performance.Coating.System

    Te primary objective was to produce enteric-coated aspirin (325-mg) tablets that

    met all o the requirements o the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) in terms o enteric

    perormance, while meeting the critical objectives imposed by accelerated stabilitytesting, especially with respect to levels o ree salicylic acid ormed ater such

    testing or three months at 40C, 75% RH.

    Class Product.Examples

    NSAIDS/Analgesics

    Dicloenac sodium

    Ketoproen

    Indomethacin

    Para-amino-salicylic acid

    Aspirin

    Proton Pump Inhibitors

    Omeprazole

    Pantoprazole

    Lansoprazole

    Rabeprazole

    Laxatives Bisacodyl

    Bisacodyl + docusate sodium

    Anti-epileptics Sodium valproate

    Enzymes Pancreatin

  • 8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance

    7/16

  • 8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance

    8/16

    Table.3.Process conditions used or application o Advantia Perormance enteric coating to

    325-mg aspirin tablets

    At the conclusion o the coating trials, enteric-coated aspirin tablets were

    evaluated or:

    Gastric resistance, where 100 tablets were exposed or two hours in 0.1N

    HCl solution, ater which the number o ailures was determined (ailures

    in this case consisted o tablets that either disintegrated or had sotened

    and become swollen).

    Gastric juice uptake, where, again using 100 tablets exposed to 0.1N HCl

    solution or two hours, the weight o tablets was determined (ater careully

    drying the surace o each tablet beore weighing).

    Drug release in gastric juice, ater two hours, using the USP apparatus 2

    and 0.1N HCl solution as the dissolution medium.

    Dissolution in phosphate buer, pH 6.8, again using USP apparatus 2.

    In addition, samples o enteric-coated tablets were packaged into HDPE bottles,

    with desiccant packs and subsequently oil sealed, and then set up or stabilitytesting under accelerated conditions or three months at 40C and 75 %RH. At the

    conclusion o the testing period, tablet samples were subjected to analysis or:

    Drug release in gastric juice, ater two hours, using the USP apparatus 2

    and 0.1N HCl solution as the dissolution medium.

    Dissolution in phosphate buer, pH 6.8, again using USP apparatus 2.

    Free salicylic acid content.

    8..Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems.

    Process.Parameter Process.Setting

    Quantity o tablets used (kg) 7.5 (previously sub-coated)

    Enteric-coating suspension Advantia Perormance (sprayed at 20% w/w solids)

    Process air fow 200 cm/340 m3h-1

    Atomizing air pressure (bar) 1.7

    Pattern air pressure (bar) 2.8

    Pan speed (rpm) 15.0

    Trial.A Trial.B

    Spray rate (g min-1) 25 30

    Inlet temperature (

    C) 50 60

    Exhaust temperature (C) 40 45

    Tablet bed temperature (C) 41 45

  • 8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance

    9/16

    ISP.Pharmaceuticals.Product.Guid

    Overview.of.Results.Obtained

    Te results obtained or 325-mg aspirin tablets, enteric-coated as described earlier,

    are shown in able 4.

    Table.4.Enteric test and stability results obtained or 325-mg aspirin tablets coated with

    Advantia Perormance Coating System

    Test.Condition Results.Obtained

    Initial

    Trial.A Trial.B

    Acid uptake (%, mean or 100 tablets

    ater 2 hours exposure)5.5 3.8

    Gastric ailures (% or 100 tablets ater

    2 hours exposure at 100 rpm)5.0* 3.0*

    Dissolution in 0.1N HCl solution (% ater2 hours exposure)

    0.61** 1.86**

    Dissolution in phosphate buer, pH=6,8

    (% ater 90 minutes at 100 rpm)100*** 100***

    After.3.Months.at.40 C,.75.%RH

    Dissolution in 0.1N HCl solution (% ater

    2 hours exposure at 100 rpm)1.43** 2.64**

    Dissolution in phosphate buer, pH=6,8

    (% ater 90 minutes at 100 rpm)100*** 100***

    Free salicylic acid (%) 0.09**** 0.06****

    * No tablets disintegrated, and the only ailures observed were tablets with a slight

    sotening o the coating

    ** USP limit nmt 10%

    *** USP Q value > 80%

    **** USP limit nmt 3.0%

  • 8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance

    10/16

    10..Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems.

    A representative sample o the enteric-coated aspirin tablets is shown in Figure 3.

    Figure.3.Enteric-coated aspirin tablets (325-mg) with Advantia Perormance Coating System

    As can be seen, all samples o aspirin tablets that had been enteric-coated with

    an Advantia Perormance Coating System easily met the pre-requisites o the USP

    monograph or delayed-release aspirin tablets.

  • 8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance

    11/16

    In terms o gastric resistance, urther improvements could be obtained, i required,

    by adjusting the levels o enteric coating applied. ypical enteric dissolution results

    to be obtained by doing so are shown in Figure 4.

    Figure.4. Infuence o amount o Advantia Perormance Coating System applied on drug release

    rom enteric-coated tablets

    Note: First two hours o test were conducted in 0.1N HCl, ater which the medium was changed

    to buer, pH=6.8.

    ISP.Pharmaceuticals.Product.Guide

    6% Weight Gain

    12% Weight Gain

    10% Weight Gain

    16% Weight Gain

    8% Weight Gain

    14% Weight Gain

    0

    20

    40

    60

    80

    100

    120

    0 30 60 90 120 125 130 135 140 145 150

    Time (min)

    %D

    rugReleased

  • 8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance

    12/16

    12..Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems.

    General.Coating.Guidelines.for..

    Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems

    Suspension.Preparation.Guidelines

    It is recommended to use Advantia Perormance Coating Systems at 20% solids

    in water. Te maximum solids level will depend on the particular spray gun, pump

    and coating equipment used.

    Te suspension is prepared in a one-step process that involves:

    Adding the required quantity o water into a suitable mixing vessel and

    centering the propeller stirrer in the mixing vessel as close to the bottom

    as possible.

    Setting the mixer to the astest possible speed that maintains a vortex without

    drawing air into the water.

    Adding the Advantia Perormance powder to the vortex as quickly as possible,

    avoiding fotation o the powder and increasing the mixer speed as necessary

    to maintain the vortex.

    Maintaining mixer speed to ensure a reasonably vigorous mixing o the

    suspension throughout the 60-minute reconstitution period.

    At the end o the reconstitution period, the suspension should ideally be passed

    through a 60-mesh screen to remove any undispersed material.

    Advantia Perormance Coating System suspensions should be gently mixed during

    the coating process in order to prevent sedimentation o suspended ingredients

    and thus a change in the respective ratios o critical ingredients in the coating

    ormulation.

    General.Coating.Condition.GuidelinesTe suggested coating conditions or application o Advantia Perormance Coating

    System rom an aqueous coating suspension with solids content o ~20% on tablets

    are provided in able 5. As the methacrylic polymers have a lower glass transition

    temperature (g) than hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), lower inlet, exhaust

    and bed temperatures are recommended compared with those conditions used or

    a typical cellulosic lm-coating process.

  • 8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance

    13/16

    ISP.Pharmaceuticals.Product.Guide

    Table.5 General coating conditions or application o aqueous coating suspension o Advantia

    Perormance Coating System using a 19 ully perorated pan tted with a Schlick ABC spray

    gun and loaded with 7-8kg o tablets.

    Sub-Coating.Guidelines

    While application o a sub-coat to the surace o the dosage orm being coated is

    not a pre-requisite or using Advantia Perormance coatings, this practice is oten

    benecial since it:

    Minimizes surace abrasion o the core prior to application o the enteric

    coating, thus ensuring a more reproducible result in terms o drug release.

    Minimizes the potential or interaction between the core and the enteric

    coating, especially when such interaction may compromise the unctionality

    o the enteric coating (as is potentially the case when the core contains alkaline

    materials) or may aect the stability o the API should it be sensitive to the

    inherent acidity o the enteric-coating polymer.

    ISP typically recommends Advantia Prime 199989HA09 (able 6). However, a wide

    range o cellulosic-based lm-coating ormulations can be used as a sub-coating,

    depending on the tablet core and local regulations. Please consult your local ISP

    sales oce or account representative.

    Table.6 Prior to application o an Advantia Perormance enteric-release coating,

    Advantia Prime 199989HA09 should be applied as a sub-coating.

    Product.Name Color

    Suggested.

    Suspension.

    Solids.(%)

    Suggested.

    Weight.Gain.

    (%)*

    Advantia Prime 199989HA09 Clear 10-12 1.5-3.0

    * Depending on the size, shape and surace characteristics o the core (tablets, capsules

    or multiparticulates).

    Parameter Settings

    Inlet temperature (oC) 50-60

    Tablet bed temperature (oC) 36-42

    Exhaust temperature (oC) 38-44

    Spray rate (g min-1) 22-32

    Air Flow 175-225 cm/297-382 m3 h1

    Atomizing air pressure (bar) 2.2-2.5

    Pattern air pressure (bar) 2.4-2.8

    Pan speed (rpm) 12-18

  • 8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance

    14/16

    14..Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems.

    Technical.Service.and.SupportISP is committed to providing service and support to customers globally during

    the development process through ull-scale commercial production. At ISP, we

    have eight technical centers dedicated to supporting our customers and their

    eorts with respect to pharmaceutical oral solid dosage orms with our excipients

    and lm coating systems. Each laboratory is ully equipped and staed with

    pharmaceutical scientists who have experience in pharmaceutical ormulation

    and lm-coating technology.

    Technical.Capabilities

    As a supplier o high-perormance Plasdone binders and Polyplasdone super

    disintegrants, ISP has core capabilities in tablet ormulation, including orally

    disintegrating tablets, and tablet process technology, involving wet granulation,

    direct compression and roller compaction. We routinely evaluate tablet

    perormance, including tablet strength, riability, compaction proles, and

    dissolution characteristics. We employ a compaction simulator in our Wayne, NJ

    R&D laboratory to study the undamentals o compaction and assist customers in

    ormulation development, excipient selection and scale-up.

    o support our Advantia Coating Systems, ISP has a broad range o tools available

    or characterizing and assessing the properties o lm coatings and lm-coated

    products, including those suitable or determining:

    Film mechanical properties

    Film adhesion

    Opacity o applied coatings

    Film surace qualities, including gloss and coating roughness

    Coating uniormity, structure and density

    Coating permeability

    Rheological characteristics o coating liquids

    Coated product stability

    Color matching

    Dissolution characteristics

    Regulatory.and.SafetyAdvantia Perormance 190024HA49 contains ingredients acceptable or use on

    pharmaceutical products sold in North America, the European Union and Japan.

    Te polymer in Advantia Perormance 190024HA49 is produced rom dispersions

    that comply with the United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary (USP/NF)

    designation or Methacrylic Acid Copolymer Dispersion and JPE monograph or

    Methacrylic Acid Copolymer LD. Te polymer conorms to Ph.Eur 5.7 Methacrylic

    Acid Ethyl Acrylate Copolymer 1:1 (ype B)

  • 8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance

    15/16

    ISP.Pharmaceuticals.Product.Guide

    Advantia Prime 199989HA09 contains ingredients acceptable or use on

    pharmaceutical products sold in North America, the European Union and Japan.

    ISP maintains ype IV Drug Master Files (DMFs) with the United States Food

    and Drug Administration (FDA) or Advantia Prime and Advantia Perormance

    products (able 8).

    Table.8.To support regulatory lings o drug products with U.S. FDA, ISP supports DMFs orAdvantia Coating Systems

    Please consult your local ISP sales oce or inormation concerning the suitability

    or use on pharmaceutical products to be sold in other regions. ISP recognizes

    the importance o providing leadership in health, saety and regulatory product

    oversight as a undamental part o our business. As a leading global specialtychemical company operating in over 90 countries, ISP has experience in addressing

    local and global regulatory concerns.

    Storage.and.HandlingAll Advantia Coating Systems should be stored in a cool, dry place out o direct

    sunlight. Te containers should be tightly closed when not in use.

    Te retest intervals or Advantia Perormance Coating Systems are shown in

    able 9.

    Table.9.Retest intervals or Advantia Perormance Coating Systems

    Te retest interval or Advantia Prime 199989HA09 is 24 months.

    Getting.Startedo get started, contact your local ISP sales oce to discuss your requirements

    or lm coatings or visit us at www.ispcorp.com.

    Product.Family Type.IV.DMF.Number

    Advantia Prime 20851

    Advantia Perormance 21613

    Product.Family Color Retest.Interval

    Advantia Perormance Clear and White 24 months

    Advantia Perormance Color 12 months

  • 8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance

    16/16

    GLOBAL LOCATIONS FOR SALES & CUSTOMER SERVICE

    WORLD HEADQUARTERS

    INTERNATIONAL SPECIALTY PRODUCTS

    1361 Alps Road, Wayne, New Jersey 07470, USA

    Tel: +1 973 628-4000 Fax: +1 973 628-3311

    www.ispcorp.com [email protected]

    CUSTOMER SERVICE

    Toll Free: 1 (800) 622-4423

    Fax: +1 973 628-4001

    [email protected]

    SAMPLE CENTER

    Toll Free: 1 (800) 243-6788

    [email protected]

    The inormation contained in this brochure and the various products described are intended or use only by persons having technical skill and at their own discretion and risk ater they have perormed

    necessary technical investigations, tests and evaluations o the product s and their uses. While the inormation herein is believed to be reliable, we do not guarantee its acc uracy and a purchaser must make its own

    determination o a products suitability or purchasers use, or the pr otection o the environment, and or the health and saety o its employees and the purchasers o it s products. Neither ISP nor it s afliates shall

    be responsible or the use o this inormation, or o any pr oduct, method, ormulation, or apparatus described in this brochure. Nothing herein waives any o ISPs or i ts afliates conditions o sale, and WE MAKE NO

    WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILIT Y OR FITNESS OF A NY PRODUCT FOR A PARTICULA R USE OR PURPOSE. We also make no warranty against inringement o any patents by reason o purchasers

    use o any inormation, product, method or apparatus described in this brochure.

    Trademark registration applied or Registered trademark o the ISP group International Specialty Products. 2008 Designed & Printed in USA.

    PERSONAL CARE

    LOMBARD, ILLINOIS

    Toll Free: 1 (800) 323-2272

    Tel: +1 630 932-4022

    Fax: +1 630 495-0245

    [email protected]

    PHARMACEUTICALS

    WAYNE, NEW JERSEY

    Toll Free: 1 (877) 389-3083

    Fax: +1 973 628-4117

    [email protected]

    PERFORMANCE CHEMICALS

    WAYNE, NEW JERSEY

    Toll Free: 1 (877) 389-3083

    Fax: +1 973 628-4117

    [email protected]

    FOOD INGREDIENTS USA

    Tech Service: 1 (888) 472-5446

    Cust Service: 1 (800) 622-4423

    Fax: +1 973 628-4001

    [email protected]

    FOOD INGREDIENTS CANADA

    Tech Service: 1 (888) 472-5446

    Cust Service: 1 (800) 465-5094

    Fax: +1 905 607-9086

    [email protected]

    USA & CANADA REGIONAL SALES OFFICES

    ARGENTINA

    Tel: +54 11 4314-8971

    +54 11 4314-0659

    +54 11 4314-3293

    Fax: +54 11 4314-8976

    [email protected]

    BRAZIL

    LATIN AMERICA

    REGIONAL OFFICE

    Tel: +55 11 3649-0420

    +55 11 3649-0455

    +55 11 3649-0468

    [email protected]

    CHILE

    Tel: +56 2 229-9601

    +56 2 229-9547

    +56 2 229-9483

    Fax: +56 2 229-1098

    [email protected]

    COLOMBIA

    Tel: +57 (1) 636-0618

    Fax: +57 (1) 691-8540

    [email protected]

    MEXICO

    Tel: +52 55 5276-6110

    Fax: +52 55 2614-2939

    [email protected]

    VENEZUELA

    Tel: +58 212 325-5544

    +58 414 241-3551

    [email protected]

    LATIN AMERICA CUSTOMER SERVICE

    AFRICA

    Tel: +49 (0) 2236 9649-237

    Fax: +49 (0) 2236 9649-212

    [email protected]

    AUSTRIA

    Tel: +43 (0) 1 360 27-71220

    Fax: +43 (0) 1 360 27-71221

    [email protected]

    BELGIUM

    Tel: +32 (0) 2 626-49 30

    +32 (0) 2 626-49 34

    Fax: +32 (0) 2 626-49 32

    [email protected]

    BULGARIA

    Tel: +359 (0) 2 971-1135Fax: +359 (0) 2 971-2861

    [email protected]

    CZECH REPUBLIC

    Tel: +420 272 123 332

    Fax: +420 272 123 305

    [email protected]

    FRANCE

    Tel: +33 (0) 1 49 93 21-58

    +33 (0) 1 49 93 21-59

    Fax: +33 (0) 1 49 93 21-62

    [email protected]

    GERMANY

    EUROPE REGIONAL OFFICE

    Tel: +49 (0) 2236 9649-260

    +49 (0) 2236 9649-264

    +49 (0) 2236 9649-266

    Fax: +49 (0) 2236 [email protected]

    HUNGARY

    Tel: +36 1 209 2629

    Fax: +36 1 466 2550

    [email protected]

    ITALY

    Tel: +39 0275 419 642

    Fax: +39 0275 419 644

    [email protected]

    NETHERLANDS

    Tel: +31 (0) 20 65 45-361

    Fax: +31 (0) 20 65 45-368

    [email protected]

    NORDEN

    (Denmark, Estonia, Iceland,

    Finland, Norway, Sweden)Tel: +46 (0) 8 519 920-10

    Fax: +46 (0) 8 519 920-12

    [email protected]

    POLAND

    Tel: +48 (0) 22 607 25 20

    Fax: +48 (0) 22 607 25 22

    [email protected]

    RUSSIA

    Tel: +7 495 981 39 53

    Fax: +7 495 981 39 54

    [email protected]

    SPAIN & PORTUGAL

    Tel: +34 93 298 07 00

    Fax: +34 93 298 07 05

    [email protected]

    [email protected]

    SWITZERLAND

    Tel: +41 (0) 1 439 53-66Fax: +41 (0) 1 439 53-68

    [email protected]

    TURKEY & MIDDLE EAST

    Tel: +90 216 538 0800

    Fax: +90 216 538 0880

    [email protected]

    [email protected]

    UK

    Tel: +44 (0) 207 519-5054

    +44 (0) 207 519-5055

    Fax: +44 (0) 207 519-5056

    [email protected]

    EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST, & AFRICA CUSTOMER SERVICE

    AUSTRALIA

    Tel: +612 9648-5177

    Fax: +612 9647-1608

    [email protected]

    BEIJING, CHINA

    Tel: +8610 6515-6265

    Fax: +8610 6515-6267

    [email protected]

    GUANGZHOU, CHINA

    Tel: +8620 3758-9970

    Fax: +8620 3758-9907

    [email protected]

    SHANGHAI, CHINA

    Tel: +8621 6249-3900

    Fax: +8621 6249-3908

    [email protected]

    HONG KONG

    Tel: +852 2881-6108

    Fax: +852 2895-1250

    [email protected]

    HYDERABAD, INDIA

    Tel: +9140 5584-4000

    Fax: +9140 2331-1090

    [email protected]

    MUMBAI, INDIA

    Tel: +9122 2837-0472

    Fax: +9122 2837-0449

    [email protected]

    INDONESIA

    Tel: +6221 530-7181

    +6221 530-7182

    Fax: +6221 530-7183

    [email protected]

    OSAKA, JAPAN

    Tel: +816 6838-5752

    Fax: +816 6838-5566

    [email protected]

    TOKYO, JAPAN

    Tel: +813 5566-8661

    Fax: +813 5566-8682

    [email protected]

    KOREA

    Tel: +82 2 554-6622

    Fax: +82 2 554-6944

    [email protected]

    MALAYSIA

    Tel: +60 5513-1498

    Fax: +60 5512-8311

    [email protected]

    PHILIPPINES

    Tel: +632 848-7188

    Fax: +632 848-7191

    [email protected]

    SINGAPORE

    ASIA PACIFIC REGIONAL OFFICE

    Tel: +656 223-3778

    Fax: +656 226-0853

    [email protected]

    TAIWAN

    Tel: +886 2 2508-0212

    Fax: +886 2 2504-3543

    [email protected]

    THAILAND

    Tel: +662 267-8103

    Fax: +662 236-0041

    [email protected]

    VIETNAM

    Tel: +84 8 910-7620

    Fax: +84 8 910-7621

    [email protected]

    ASIA PACIFIC CUSTOMER SERVICE

    Product Code: PHAR_C1020 07/2008