Upload
karbonkale
View
226
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance
1/16
Product Guide
Advancing the Science of Coating
Pharmaceuticals
Performance
Enhancing
Technology
Advantia PerformanceCoating Systems
for Delayed (Enteric) Drug Release
8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance
2/16
Table of Contents
Introduction. 3
ISP: A Partner for Film Coating ........................................................................................3
Development.of.Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems..
by.Statistical.Design.of.Experiments 4
Advantia Performance 190024HA49 .............................................................................5
Color Coating Systems .....................................................................................................5
Application.of.Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems. 6
Aspirin Tablets with Advantia Performance Coating System ...........................................6
Details of Coating Process Used ......................................................................................7
Overview of Results Obtained ..........................................................................................9
General.Coating.Guidelines.for..
Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems. 12
Suspension Preparation Guidelines ...............................................................................12
General Coating Condition Guidelines ...........................................................................12
Sub-Coating Guidelines .................................................................................................13
Technical.Service.and.Support 14
Technical Capabilities .................................................................................................14
Regulatory.and.Safety. 14
Storage.and.Handling. 15
Getting.Started. 15
2..Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems.
8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance
3/16
ISP.Pharma.Technologie
IntroductionAdvantia Perormance Coating Systems are pre-blended, ready-to-use
powders based on methacrylic acid ethyl acrylate copolymer or lm coating
o pharmaceutical oral solid dosage orms (tablets, multiparticulates, two-piece
gelatin capsules, and sotgels) to produce a delayed-release (or enteric-release)
eect. Available pigmented or unpigmented, Advantia Perormance Coating
Systems are easy-to-use powders that can be readily dispersed in water and applied.
With an Advantia Perormance Coating Systems, suspension preparation is
simple. Te more traditional procedure or preparing enteric-coating suspensions
oten requires three steps. In the traditional process, the rst step is to homogenize
the plasticizer, detackier and, optionally, an antioam agent in water to orm
a suspension. Ater a suitable mixing time, this suspension is then added, with
mixing, to an acrylic polymer dispersion. Tis combined suspension is passed
through a sieve. For colored enteric-coating ormulation, a colorant must be
added using an additional processing step.
With an Advantia Perormance Coating Systems, powder is added to water(stirred in a suitable mixing tank to create a vortex) and mixed. With this process,
there are ewer processing steps involved, and ewer ingredients to inventory and
submit to quality control testing compared with a traditional system, thus saving
time and money.
ISP:.A.Partner.for.Film.Coating
Experience. As a supplier o high-quality excipients or solid dosage orms,
including Plasdone binders and Polyplasdone super disintegrants, to the
pharmaceutical, vitamin and nutritional industries or over 50 years, ISP has
developed sound expertise in ormulation o oral solid dosage orms. Tis
expertise complements our capabilities with respect to designing lm-coating
systems. ISP has over 50 sales specialists and 40 scientists dedicated to its
pharmaceutical business, working in local oces and laboratories around the
world to respond to customer needs and ensure consistent product rom
laboratory to commercial production.
Innovative. In addition to oering lm coating systems based on conventional
technology, ISP is developing innovative coating systems based on its experience
as a leading polymer research company. Te ISP technical team has core strengths
in design and development o novel unctional systems based on molecularstructure-property relationships, to provide rapid solutions to customer needs.
At ISP, our scientists are working to develop an enhanced range o lm coatings
designed to meet the evolving needs o the pharmaceutical industry. We are
committed to advancing the science o tablet lm coatings.
Worldwide. With over 70 locations worldwide, serving customers in more than
90 countries, ISP can provide the global sales and service support our customers
require rom a lm coating supplier. Our eight pharmaceutical laboratories are
staed with scientists that have experience in the ormulation o oral solid dosage
orms, design o coating ormulations, color matching, and coating applications.
ISP.Pharmaceuticals.Product.Guid
8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance
4/16
4..Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems.
Development.of.Advantia.Performance..
Coating.Systems.by.Statistical.Design..
of.ExperimentsIn the development o Advantia Perormance Coating Systems, ISP used a
statistical design o experiments (D.o.E.) approach to understand the impact
o component levels on the perormance o an enteric coating system to provide
consistent, reproducible enteric release proles. Using the data generated and
the predictive capabilities o the D.o.E. sotware, ISP can identiy the optimum
ormulation, and its perormance attributes, best suited or each customers
application. For example, the data acilitate the selection o enteric lm coating
ormulations with a broad range o potential attributes, such as:
Fastest drug release in buer, pH 6.8
Most eective gastric resistance at lowest weight gain
Most suitable or enteric coating o intagliated tablets
Te last o these points oten presents a challenge or enteric lm coating since the
coating deposited within the intagliation is likely to be much thinner, and possess
a less suitable coating structure, so that maintaining eective gastric resistance is
compromised. ISP scientists have studied enteric-coated intagliated tablets, using
erahertz analysis technology. In Figure 1, erahertz analysis o two intagliated
tablets is shown, indicating that the enteric lm is signicantly thinner within the
intagliation and at the edges.
Figure.1.Coating thickness assessed using Terahertz technology indicates potential or
compromising integrity o enteric lm coating on an intagliated tablet.
8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance
5/16
ISP.Pharmaceuticals.Product.Guid
Advantia.Performance.190024HA49.
Advantia Perormance 190024HA49, a white coating ormulation, has been
selected as our standard concept sample and is intended to be a starting
point ormulation. In cases where additional perormance attributes are
required, ISP scientists utilize the D.o.E. sotware in combination with
responses generated rom the design o experiment, to produce a coating
ormulation more suitable or a given application.
Color.Coating.Systems
When a colored tablet is required, a colored Advantia Perormance coating
can be ormulated to meet your individual color needs, limited only by specic
color regulations. ISP maintains strict color control to ensure lot-to-lot
consistency. ypical colored examples are shown in Figure 2.
Alternatively, tablets can be enteric-coated with a white Advantia
Perormance Coating System and subsequently overcoated with a
colored Advantia Prime Coating System (cellulosic lm-coating system).For a colored product, please contact your local ISP sales oce or account
representative.
Figure.2.Advantia Perormance Coating Systems can be pigmented to reduce the
number o processing steps.
8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance
6/16
6..Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems.
Application.of.Advantia..
Performance.Coating.Systems.Advantia Perormance Coating Systems have been used or a broad range o
applications requiring a delayed-release coating, including the coating o tablets,
capsules (sotgels) and multiparticulates. Examples o active pharmaceutical
ingredients (APIs) that ISP scientists have worked on with Advantia PerormanceCoating Systems are shown in able 1.
Table.1.APIs that have been the subject o coating projects with Advantia Perormance
While each coating application may have specic requirements (in terms o type
o process and specic process conditions used), a project involving the enteric
coating o 325-mg aspirin tablets serves as an example o the application
o Advantia Perormance Coating Systems.
Aspirin.Tablets.with.Advantia .Performance.Coating.System
Te primary objective was to produce enteric-coated aspirin (325-mg) tablets that
met all o the requirements o the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) in terms o enteric
perormance, while meeting the critical objectives imposed by accelerated stabilitytesting, especially with respect to levels o ree salicylic acid ormed ater such
testing or three months at 40C, 75% RH.
Class Product.Examples
NSAIDS/Analgesics
Dicloenac sodium
Ketoproen
Indomethacin
Para-amino-salicylic acid
Aspirin
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Omeprazole
Pantoprazole
Lansoprazole
Rabeprazole
Laxatives Bisacodyl
Bisacodyl + docusate sodium
Anti-epileptics Sodium valproate
Enzymes Pancreatin
8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance
7/16
8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance
8/16
Table.3.Process conditions used or application o Advantia Perormance enteric coating to
325-mg aspirin tablets
At the conclusion o the coating trials, enteric-coated aspirin tablets were
evaluated or:
Gastric resistance, where 100 tablets were exposed or two hours in 0.1N
HCl solution, ater which the number o ailures was determined (ailures
in this case consisted o tablets that either disintegrated or had sotened
and become swollen).
Gastric juice uptake, where, again using 100 tablets exposed to 0.1N HCl
solution or two hours, the weight o tablets was determined (ater careully
drying the surace o each tablet beore weighing).
Drug release in gastric juice, ater two hours, using the USP apparatus 2
and 0.1N HCl solution as the dissolution medium.
Dissolution in phosphate buer, pH 6.8, again using USP apparatus 2.
In addition, samples o enteric-coated tablets were packaged into HDPE bottles,
with desiccant packs and subsequently oil sealed, and then set up or stabilitytesting under accelerated conditions or three months at 40C and 75 %RH. At the
conclusion o the testing period, tablet samples were subjected to analysis or:
Drug release in gastric juice, ater two hours, using the USP apparatus 2
and 0.1N HCl solution as the dissolution medium.
Dissolution in phosphate buer, pH 6.8, again using USP apparatus 2.
Free salicylic acid content.
8..Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems.
Process.Parameter Process.Setting
Quantity o tablets used (kg) 7.5 (previously sub-coated)
Enteric-coating suspension Advantia Perormance (sprayed at 20% w/w solids)
Process air fow 200 cm/340 m3h-1
Atomizing air pressure (bar) 1.7
Pattern air pressure (bar) 2.8
Pan speed (rpm) 15.0
Trial.A Trial.B
Spray rate (g min-1) 25 30
Inlet temperature (
C) 50 60
Exhaust temperature (C) 40 45
Tablet bed temperature (C) 41 45
8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance
9/16
ISP.Pharmaceuticals.Product.Guid
Overview.of.Results.Obtained
Te results obtained or 325-mg aspirin tablets, enteric-coated as described earlier,
are shown in able 4.
Table.4.Enteric test and stability results obtained or 325-mg aspirin tablets coated with
Advantia Perormance Coating System
Test.Condition Results.Obtained
Initial
Trial.A Trial.B
Acid uptake (%, mean or 100 tablets
ater 2 hours exposure)5.5 3.8
Gastric ailures (% or 100 tablets ater
2 hours exposure at 100 rpm)5.0* 3.0*
Dissolution in 0.1N HCl solution (% ater2 hours exposure)
0.61** 1.86**
Dissolution in phosphate buer, pH=6,8
(% ater 90 minutes at 100 rpm)100*** 100***
After.3.Months.at.40 C,.75.%RH
Dissolution in 0.1N HCl solution (% ater
2 hours exposure at 100 rpm)1.43** 2.64**
Dissolution in phosphate buer, pH=6,8
(% ater 90 minutes at 100 rpm)100*** 100***
Free salicylic acid (%) 0.09**** 0.06****
* No tablets disintegrated, and the only ailures observed were tablets with a slight
sotening o the coating
** USP limit nmt 10%
*** USP Q value > 80%
**** USP limit nmt 3.0%
8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance
10/16
10..Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems.
A representative sample o the enteric-coated aspirin tablets is shown in Figure 3.
Figure.3.Enteric-coated aspirin tablets (325-mg) with Advantia Perormance Coating System
As can be seen, all samples o aspirin tablets that had been enteric-coated with
an Advantia Perormance Coating System easily met the pre-requisites o the USP
monograph or delayed-release aspirin tablets.
8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance
11/16
In terms o gastric resistance, urther improvements could be obtained, i required,
by adjusting the levels o enteric coating applied. ypical enteric dissolution results
to be obtained by doing so are shown in Figure 4.
Figure.4. Infuence o amount o Advantia Perormance Coating System applied on drug release
rom enteric-coated tablets
Note: First two hours o test were conducted in 0.1N HCl, ater which the medium was changed
to buer, pH=6.8.
ISP.Pharmaceuticals.Product.Guide
6% Weight Gain
12% Weight Gain
10% Weight Gain
16% Weight Gain
8% Weight Gain
14% Weight Gain
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 30 60 90 120 125 130 135 140 145 150
Time (min)
%D
rugReleased
8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance
12/16
12..Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems.
General.Coating.Guidelines.for..
Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems
Suspension.Preparation.Guidelines
It is recommended to use Advantia Perormance Coating Systems at 20% solids
in water. Te maximum solids level will depend on the particular spray gun, pump
and coating equipment used.
Te suspension is prepared in a one-step process that involves:
Adding the required quantity o water into a suitable mixing vessel and
centering the propeller stirrer in the mixing vessel as close to the bottom
as possible.
Setting the mixer to the astest possible speed that maintains a vortex without
drawing air into the water.
Adding the Advantia Perormance powder to the vortex as quickly as possible,
avoiding fotation o the powder and increasing the mixer speed as necessary
to maintain the vortex.
Maintaining mixer speed to ensure a reasonably vigorous mixing o the
suspension throughout the 60-minute reconstitution period.
At the end o the reconstitution period, the suspension should ideally be passed
through a 60-mesh screen to remove any undispersed material.
Advantia Perormance Coating System suspensions should be gently mixed during
the coating process in order to prevent sedimentation o suspended ingredients
and thus a change in the respective ratios o critical ingredients in the coating
ormulation.
General.Coating.Condition.GuidelinesTe suggested coating conditions or application o Advantia Perormance Coating
System rom an aqueous coating suspension with solids content o ~20% on tablets
are provided in able 5. As the methacrylic polymers have a lower glass transition
temperature (g) than hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), lower inlet, exhaust
and bed temperatures are recommended compared with those conditions used or
a typical cellulosic lm-coating process.
8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance
13/16
ISP.Pharmaceuticals.Product.Guide
Table.5 General coating conditions or application o aqueous coating suspension o Advantia
Perormance Coating System using a 19 ully perorated pan tted with a Schlick ABC spray
gun and loaded with 7-8kg o tablets.
Sub-Coating.Guidelines
While application o a sub-coat to the surace o the dosage orm being coated is
not a pre-requisite or using Advantia Perormance coatings, this practice is oten
benecial since it:
Minimizes surace abrasion o the core prior to application o the enteric
coating, thus ensuring a more reproducible result in terms o drug release.
Minimizes the potential or interaction between the core and the enteric
coating, especially when such interaction may compromise the unctionality
o the enteric coating (as is potentially the case when the core contains alkaline
materials) or may aect the stability o the API should it be sensitive to the
inherent acidity o the enteric-coating polymer.
ISP typically recommends Advantia Prime 199989HA09 (able 6). However, a wide
range o cellulosic-based lm-coating ormulations can be used as a sub-coating,
depending on the tablet core and local regulations. Please consult your local ISP
sales oce or account representative.
Table.6 Prior to application o an Advantia Perormance enteric-release coating,
Advantia Prime 199989HA09 should be applied as a sub-coating.
Product.Name Color
Suggested.
Suspension.
Solids.(%)
Suggested.
Weight.Gain.
(%)*
Advantia Prime 199989HA09 Clear 10-12 1.5-3.0
* Depending on the size, shape and surace characteristics o the core (tablets, capsules
or multiparticulates).
Parameter Settings
Inlet temperature (oC) 50-60
Tablet bed temperature (oC) 36-42
Exhaust temperature (oC) 38-44
Spray rate (g min-1) 22-32
Air Flow 175-225 cm/297-382 m3 h1
Atomizing air pressure (bar) 2.2-2.5
Pattern air pressure (bar) 2.4-2.8
Pan speed (rpm) 12-18
8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance
14/16
14..Advantia.Performance.Coating.Systems.
Technical.Service.and.SupportISP is committed to providing service and support to customers globally during
the development process through ull-scale commercial production. At ISP, we
have eight technical centers dedicated to supporting our customers and their
eorts with respect to pharmaceutical oral solid dosage orms with our excipients
and lm coating systems. Each laboratory is ully equipped and staed with
pharmaceutical scientists who have experience in pharmaceutical ormulation
and lm-coating technology.
Technical.Capabilities
As a supplier o high-perormance Plasdone binders and Polyplasdone super
disintegrants, ISP has core capabilities in tablet ormulation, including orally
disintegrating tablets, and tablet process technology, involving wet granulation,
direct compression and roller compaction. We routinely evaluate tablet
perormance, including tablet strength, riability, compaction proles, and
dissolution characteristics. We employ a compaction simulator in our Wayne, NJ
R&D laboratory to study the undamentals o compaction and assist customers in
ormulation development, excipient selection and scale-up.
o support our Advantia Coating Systems, ISP has a broad range o tools available
or characterizing and assessing the properties o lm coatings and lm-coated
products, including those suitable or determining:
Film mechanical properties
Film adhesion
Opacity o applied coatings
Film surace qualities, including gloss and coating roughness
Coating uniormity, structure and density
Coating permeability
Rheological characteristics o coating liquids
Coated product stability
Color matching
Dissolution characteristics
Regulatory.and.SafetyAdvantia Perormance 190024HA49 contains ingredients acceptable or use on
pharmaceutical products sold in North America, the European Union and Japan.
Te polymer in Advantia Perormance 190024HA49 is produced rom dispersions
that comply with the United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary (USP/NF)
designation or Methacrylic Acid Copolymer Dispersion and JPE monograph or
Methacrylic Acid Copolymer LD. Te polymer conorms to Ph.Eur 5.7 Methacrylic
Acid Ethyl Acrylate Copolymer 1:1 (ype B)
8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance
15/16
ISP.Pharmaceuticals.Product.Guide
Advantia Prime 199989HA09 contains ingredients acceptable or use on
pharmaceutical products sold in North America, the European Union and Japan.
ISP maintains ype IV Drug Master Files (DMFs) with the United States Food
and Drug Administration (FDA) or Advantia Prime and Advantia Perormance
products (able 8).
Table.8.To support regulatory lings o drug products with U.S. FDA, ISP supports DMFs orAdvantia Coating Systems
Please consult your local ISP sales oce or inormation concerning the suitability
or use on pharmaceutical products to be sold in other regions. ISP recognizes
the importance o providing leadership in health, saety and regulatory product
oversight as a undamental part o our business. As a leading global specialtychemical company operating in over 90 countries, ISP has experience in addressing
local and global regulatory concerns.
Storage.and.HandlingAll Advantia Coating Systems should be stored in a cool, dry place out o direct
sunlight. Te containers should be tightly closed when not in use.
Te retest intervals or Advantia Perormance Coating Systems are shown in
able 9.
Table.9.Retest intervals or Advantia Perormance Coating Systems
Te retest interval or Advantia Prime 199989HA09 is 24 months.
Getting.Startedo get started, contact your local ISP sales oce to discuss your requirements
or lm coatings or visit us at www.ispcorp.com.
Product.Family Type.IV.DMF.Number
Advantia Prime 20851
Advantia Perormance 21613
Product.Family Color Retest.Interval
Advantia Perormance Clear and White 24 months
Advantia Perormance Color 12 months
8/2/2019 ISP PHARMA C1020 Advantia Performance
16/16
GLOBAL LOCATIONS FOR SALES & CUSTOMER SERVICE
WORLD HEADQUARTERS
INTERNATIONAL SPECIALTY PRODUCTS
1361 Alps Road, Wayne, New Jersey 07470, USA
Tel: +1 973 628-4000 Fax: +1 973 628-3311
www.ispcorp.com [email protected]
CUSTOMER SERVICE
Toll Free: 1 (800) 622-4423
Fax: +1 973 628-4001
SAMPLE CENTER
Toll Free: 1 (800) 243-6788
The inormation contained in this brochure and the various products described are intended or use only by persons having technical skill and at their own discretion and risk ater they have perormed
necessary technical investigations, tests and evaluations o the product s and their uses. While the inormation herein is believed to be reliable, we do not guarantee its acc uracy and a purchaser must make its own
determination o a products suitability or purchasers use, or the pr otection o the environment, and or the health and saety o its employees and the purchasers o it s products. Neither ISP nor it s afliates shall
be responsible or the use o this inormation, or o any pr oduct, method, ormulation, or apparatus described in this brochure. Nothing herein waives any o ISPs or i ts afliates conditions o sale, and WE MAKE NO
WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILIT Y OR FITNESS OF A NY PRODUCT FOR A PARTICULA R USE OR PURPOSE. We also make no warranty against inringement o any patents by reason o purchasers
use o any inormation, product, method or apparatus described in this brochure.
Trademark registration applied or Registered trademark o the ISP group International Specialty Products. 2008 Designed & Printed in USA.
PERSONAL CARE
LOMBARD, ILLINOIS
Toll Free: 1 (800) 323-2272
Tel: +1 630 932-4022
Fax: +1 630 495-0245
PHARMACEUTICALS
WAYNE, NEW JERSEY
Toll Free: 1 (877) 389-3083
Fax: +1 973 628-4117
PERFORMANCE CHEMICALS
WAYNE, NEW JERSEY
Toll Free: 1 (877) 389-3083
Fax: +1 973 628-4117
FOOD INGREDIENTS USA
Tech Service: 1 (888) 472-5446
Cust Service: 1 (800) 622-4423
Fax: +1 973 628-4001
FOOD INGREDIENTS CANADA
Tech Service: 1 (888) 472-5446
Cust Service: 1 (800) 465-5094
Fax: +1 905 607-9086
USA & CANADA REGIONAL SALES OFFICES
ARGENTINA
Tel: +54 11 4314-8971
+54 11 4314-0659
+54 11 4314-3293
Fax: +54 11 4314-8976
BRAZIL
LATIN AMERICA
REGIONAL OFFICE
Tel: +55 11 3649-0420
+55 11 3649-0455
+55 11 3649-0468
CHILE
Tel: +56 2 229-9601
+56 2 229-9547
+56 2 229-9483
Fax: +56 2 229-1098
COLOMBIA
Tel: +57 (1) 636-0618
Fax: +57 (1) 691-8540
MEXICO
Tel: +52 55 5276-6110
Fax: +52 55 2614-2939
VENEZUELA
Tel: +58 212 325-5544
+58 414 241-3551
LATIN AMERICA CUSTOMER SERVICE
AFRICA
Tel: +49 (0) 2236 9649-237
Fax: +49 (0) 2236 9649-212
AUSTRIA
Tel: +43 (0) 1 360 27-71220
Fax: +43 (0) 1 360 27-71221
BELGIUM
Tel: +32 (0) 2 626-49 30
+32 (0) 2 626-49 34
Fax: +32 (0) 2 626-49 32
BULGARIA
Tel: +359 (0) 2 971-1135Fax: +359 (0) 2 971-2861
CZECH REPUBLIC
Tel: +420 272 123 332
Fax: +420 272 123 305
FRANCE
Tel: +33 (0) 1 49 93 21-58
+33 (0) 1 49 93 21-59
Fax: +33 (0) 1 49 93 21-62
GERMANY
EUROPE REGIONAL OFFICE
Tel: +49 (0) 2236 9649-260
+49 (0) 2236 9649-264
+49 (0) 2236 9649-266
Fax: +49 (0) 2236 [email protected]
HUNGARY
Tel: +36 1 209 2629
Fax: +36 1 466 2550
ITALY
Tel: +39 0275 419 642
Fax: +39 0275 419 644
NETHERLANDS
Tel: +31 (0) 20 65 45-361
Fax: +31 (0) 20 65 45-368
NORDEN
(Denmark, Estonia, Iceland,
Finland, Norway, Sweden)Tel: +46 (0) 8 519 920-10
Fax: +46 (0) 8 519 920-12
POLAND
Tel: +48 (0) 22 607 25 20
Fax: +48 (0) 22 607 25 22
RUSSIA
Tel: +7 495 981 39 53
Fax: +7 495 981 39 54
SPAIN & PORTUGAL
Tel: +34 93 298 07 00
Fax: +34 93 298 07 05
SWITZERLAND
Tel: +41 (0) 1 439 53-66Fax: +41 (0) 1 439 53-68
TURKEY & MIDDLE EAST
Tel: +90 216 538 0800
Fax: +90 216 538 0880
UK
Tel: +44 (0) 207 519-5054
+44 (0) 207 519-5055
Fax: +44 (0) 207 519-5056
EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST, & AFRICA CUSTOMER SERVICE
AUSTRALIA
Tel: +612 9648-5177
Fax: +612 9647-1608
BEIJING, CHINA
Tel: +8610 6515-6265
Fax: +8610 6515-6267
GUANGZHOU, CHINA
Tel: +8620 3758-9970
Fax: +8620 3758-9907
SHANGHAI, CHINA
Tel: +8621 6249-3900
Fax: +8621 6249-3908
HONG KONG
Tel: +852 2881-6108
Fax: +852 2895-1250
HYDERABAD, INDIA
Tel: +9140 5584-4000
Fax: +9140 2331-1090
MUMBAI, INDIA
Tel: +9122 2837-0472
Fax: +9122 2837-0449
INDONESIA
Tel: +6221 530-7181
+6221 530-7182
Fax: +6221 530-7183
OSAKA, JAPAN
Tel: +816 6838-5752
Fax: +816 6838-5566
TOKYO, JAPAN
Tel: +813 5566-8661
Fax: +813 5566-8682
KOREA
Tel: +82 2 554-6622
Fax: +82 2 554-6944
MALAYSIA
Tel: +60 5513-1498
Fax: +60 5512-8311
PHILIPPINES
Tel: +632 848-7188
Fax: +632 848-7191
SINGAPORE
ASIA PACIFIC REGIONAL OFFICE
Tel: +656 223-3778
Fax: +656 226-0853
TAIWAN
Tel: +886 2 2508-0212
Fax: +886 2 2504-3543
THAILAND
Tel: +662 267-8103
Fax: +662 236-0041
VIETNAM
Tel: +84 8 910-7620
Fax: +84 8 910-7621
ASIA PACIFIC CUSTOMER SERVICE
Product Code: PHAR_C1020 07/2008