ISN pg 120 title: The English

Civil War & the Glorious

Revolution

Preview:

–Examine the image on the

next slide. What do you

think is going on?

–What do you think led to the

actions in this slide?

English Civil War (1642-1647)

Arthur

Mary I

"Bloody Mary"

Elizabeth I Edward VI

Henry VIII

Civil War

Commonwealth

Oliver Cromwell

Charles II

"Merry Monarch"

James II

Charles I

James I

Mary Stuart

Queen of

Scotland

James V

King of

Scotland

Margaret Mary

Henry VII

Reasons for the English Civil War

In 1603, Elizabeth died. She never married, so there were no heirs to continue the Tudor Dynasty

Mary Stuart’s son James I became the King of England— started Stuart Dynasty in England

Reasons for the English Civil War

Queen Elizabeth recognized the importance of working with Parliament

James I did not; believed he should be absolute monarch because of Divine Right (God chooses royal families to rule); James I did not listen to Parliament

Major problems between Parliament & King over issues of Authority, Money, & Religion

Problems between the

King and Parliament

Authority—James I believed

in divine right and absolutism;

Parliament felt king should be

limited by Parliament

Money—James I has to ask

Parliament for money to

finance government and

life style

Problems between the

King and Parliament

Religion—Puritans were members of

the Anglican Church who wanted all

Catholic rituals removed; Puritans

were active members of

Parliament & were angered

when James I arranged

marriage of son (Charles) to

a Catholic princess

Reasons for the English Civil War

When James I died in 1625, his son

Charles I became king

Charles was “worse” than

James:

–Charles believed in divine

right & absolute monarchy;

refused to discuss ideas with

Parliament—only called

Parliament when he needed money

Reasons for the English Civil War

Parliament got fed up with Charles I & refused to give him money unless signed Petition of Rights in 1628:

–King could not jail people without a good reason

–King could not make taxes without Parliament's approval

–King could not keep his soldiers in peoples’ homes & could not use army to maintain order during peacetime

Civil War

Charles I was really mad at

Parliament & refused to call another

Parliament for 11 years until he

needed money to end revolts in

Ireland & Scotland

Conflict between supporters

of King (Royalists) &

Parliament grew so bad that

a civil war was inevitable

Arthur

Mary I

"Bloody Mary"

Elizabeth I Edward VI

Henry VIII

Civil War

Commonwealth

Oliver Cromwell

Charles II

"Merry Monarch"

James II

Charles I

James I

Mary Stuart

Queen of

Scotland

James V

King of

Scotland

Margaret Mary

Henry VII

Civil War

War between Cavaliers

(Royalists) vs Roundheads

(supporters of Parliament) lasted

for 5 years

Roundheads found a strong

leader in Oliver Cromwell;

Cromwell and Roundheads won &

behead the king (1st public

execution of a king)

After the Civil War

After the Civil War, a

Commonwealth was created—

type of government with no king &

ruled by Parliament

Oliver Cromwell led

the Commonwealth,

but did not use

democracy— he

became a military dictator

New Commonwealth Life in the Commonwealth was harsh

because it was led by Cromwell & the Puritans; Forced strict religious rules on people of England:

It was illegal to go to theaters & sporting events; “merrymaking” & “amusement” were illegal

Citizens hated living this way & began to want to bring back a king again

English

Civil War

Graffiti

The Restoration (1660)

Restoration People grew tired of the severe,

religious rule of Oliver Cromwell & the Puritans; many wanted a king again

In 1660, Charles I’s son became King of England—Charles II was called the “Merry Monarch” because he brought back theatres, sporting events, dancing & he got along with Parliament!!

Arthur

Mary I

"Bloody Mary"

Elizabeth I Edward VI

Henry VIII

Charles II James II

Charles I

James I

Mary Stuart

Queen of

Scotland

James V

King of

Scotland

Margaret Mary

Henry VII

Restoration Charles II learned from the lessons of

his father & grandfather:

–Did not try to rule by Divine Right & did not threaten Parliament’s authority

–Passed Habeas Corpus Law—everyone guaranteed a trial after arrest; cannot be held in jail forever

–Anglicanism was official religion, but treated Puritans & Catholics equally

Restoration During the Restoration,

Parliament strengthened the Church of England—only Anglicans could attend universities, serve in Parliament, be priests in Anglican Church

Parliament created Constitutional Monarchy based on Magna Carta & Petition of Right (Guaranteed rights of people & limited king)

Restoration BUT, there were problems:

–Charles II needed more money than Parliament was willing to give; so he made a secret agreement with Louis XIV of France to convert to Catholicism in exchange for money

–Charles II had no children; when he died, his openly-Catholic brother James II will be king (Parliament's worst fear!!)

This is

James II