Island to Mainland

Toward a Pan-European Style

Fragmentary Remains

• Sumer canon

[Anthology 1-35]– Rota– Pes (foot), Ground– Tertian harmonies

Fragmentary Remains

• Thomas gemma catuariae/ Thomas caesus in Doveria [Anthology 1-36]– Twin-song texture– Variations over a pes

• Worcester Fragments (13th century)

Kings and the Fortunes of War

• 100 Years War• 1420s–early 1430: English occupation of

Northern France• Duke of Bedford: effective ruler of France from

1422–1435• John Dunstable (ca. 1390–1453): “musician

with the Duke of Bedford”

Dunstable and the “Contenance Angloise”

• The English Guise• Dunstable, Quam pulchra es [Anthology 1-37]– Cantilena motet– Full triadic harmony– Smooth handling of dissonance– Natural declamation– Homorhythmic texture

• Faburden

Du Fay and Fauxbourdon

• Du Fay, Vos qui estis me – Communion antiphon– Chant in the cantus– Octaves and sixths– Third part created by singing a fourth down from

the top voice: Fauxbourdon

Du Fay and Binchois

• Du Fay, Ave maris stella [Anthology 1-38]– Fauxbourdon– Chanson-style

• Gilles de Bins (Binchois), Deuil angoisseux [Anthology 1-39]

The Internationalism of the Upper Crust

• “Elite” music• Johannes Tinctoris (ca. 1435–1511)– Dozen treatises on music theory

• Chigi Codex (1498)

The Internationalism of the Upper Crust

• Johannes Ockeghem (ca. 1435–1511)• Busnoys (Bunois)

Emulations

• Compositional lineages• Ockeghem, Deploration on the Death of Binchois

(1460)– In honor of Binchois

• Busnoys, In hydraulis– Praise of Ockeghem

• Ockeghem, Ut heremita solus– Compliment of Busnoys

The Cyclic Mass

• Mass Ordinary

Caput Masses

• Cyclic Mass• Melisma on “caput” from the antiphon Venit

ad Petrum• Anon. Missa Caput (CA. 1440) [Anthology 1-

40]– Four-voice texture: superius, altus, tenor, bassus– Possibly composed by Dunstable

Patterns of Emulation

• Ockheghem’s Missa Caput [Anthology 1-41]• Obrecht, Missa Caput

The Man at Arms

• L’Homme armé song [Anthology 1-42a]– Composed after 1454– A favorite of Charles the Bold

• Over 40 cyclic masses based on this tune• Busnoys, Missa L’Homme armé

[Anthology 1-42b]

“Pervading Imitation”

• Points of imitation– Tenor tacet sections– Points correspond to portions of text– Each point comes to a full cadential close

High, Middle, and Low

• Tinctoris, Three musical styles– magnus• The mass

– mediocris• The motet

– parvus• The vernacular chanson

The Marian Motet

• Paraphrase• Cantilena style• Philippe Basiron, Salve Regina [Anthology 1-43]• Eton Choir Book

Motetti missales

• Milan 1470s• Sforza Family• Substitute motets for the mass• Gaspar van Weerbeke (ca. 1445–1516)– Ave Maria [Anthology 1-44]

Love Songs

• Chanson• Parvus, Tinctoris• bergerette• Ockeghem, Ma bouche rit et ma pensee pleure

[Anthology 1-45]

Instrumental Music Is Printed

• Instrumental arrangements of chansons• Heinrich Isaac (ca. 1450–1517)• Martini, Josquin, Alexander Agricola (ca.

1455–1506)• Otaviano Petrucci, Odhecaton (1501)

• Johannes Ghiselin, La Alfonsia [Anthology 1-46]