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Izydorczak 1
Islam
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Arabian Peninsula GeographySaudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar,
United Arab Emirates
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Arabian Peninsula Geography
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Arabian Peninsula Geography
Trade – Merchants from the North brought goods to Arabia along with ideas
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• Arabs = nomadic bedouins, Semitic speaking people who lived in Arabian Peninsula
• Hostile surroundings made the Arabs move constantly to continue to feed their animals
• Arabs organized into independent tribes to help each other with difficult lives
• Early Arabs herded sheep & farmed on the Arabian peninsula
• After domestication of camel, expanded caravan trade from between Persian gulf & Mediterranean
Arabs
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Arabs• Early Arabs were polytheistic, Allah = main god• Traced their ancestry to Abraham & his son Ishmael,
who were believed to have built a shrine called the Kaaba at Mecca
• Black Stone, cornerstone of Kaaba, revered for its association with Abraham
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• Born into merchant family in Mecca, orphaned early
• Became a caravan merchant & married his boss, a rich widow named Khadija
• Muhammad was troubled with gap between the greedy rich & honest poor
• Muhammad went into mountains to meditate on the issue
• While meditating, Muhammad received revelation from God through the angel Gabriel7/2013
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Preached Allah was the one and only god (monotheistic).
His teachings were called Islam and its followers called Muslims.
Hijrah- the Prophet Muhammad’s migration (ad 622) from Mecca to Medina in order to escape persecution
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Islamic house of worship
The code of law derivedfrom the Koran and fromthe teachings and example of Mohammed.
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The holy book of Islam.
The way of life prescribed as normative for Muslims on the basis of the teachings and practices of Muhammad and interpretations of the Koran
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Five Pillars of Islam : these are obligations of every Muslim that uphold the structure of Islam.
tashahhud : Faith or belief in the Oneness of God and the finality of the prophethood Muhammad
salat : Five-times-daily prayers. Starting at just before sunrise, just after noon, midafternoon, just after sunset, and after nightfall
zakat : Concern for almsgiving to the needy
sawm : Self-purification through fasting. This usually done from before sunrise to sunset each day of Ramadan, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar
hajj : The pilgrimage to Mecca for those who are able. 7/2013
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• Koran
• Sharia Law• Dietary (No Pork, Ramadan (Fasting)• No Gambling• No Alcohol
• Heaven• Spread Islam• Protect Islam(Jihad) Holy War
• see Golden Age
• Monotheistic• Heaven• Judgment
• Mohammed• Allah• Gabriel• Prophets• Abraham (2
sons)Isaac and Ishmael
(father of Arab race)
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• Stitches• Vaccines• C-sections• Remove Cataracts• Medical Encyclopedias• Islamic hospitals were better and more advanced than European ones
• Located and controlled N. Africa & Middle East
• Controlled the “Silk Road”
• Trade made Islamic Empires/Civilization wealthy
• Only boys had formal education• Preserved Greek & Roman teachings (translated into Arabic)• Excellent Mathematics (Algebra/Geometry)• Number system with zero
• Trade influenced many
accomplishments
• Compass
• Astrolabe (improved)
• Excellent mapmakers(Cartographer)
• Folk Tales
• Poetry
• Arabian Nights (short stories)
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Sunni - the largest branch of Islam, comprising at least 85% of the world's 1.5 billion Muslims. Allowed Caliphs (rulers after the death of Muhammad) to be people who follow Mohammed’s example called the sunna.
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Shiite - the second largest denomination of Islam. Muhammad's family, and certain individuals among his descendants, who are known as Imams, have special spiritual and political rule over the community.
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Christian leader who defeated the Spanish
Muslims
Charles Martel
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Izydorczak 20Spanish Muslims
Moors
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Battle of Tours
Where Charles Martel defeated the Spanish Muslims (Tours, France), stopped the spreading of Islam7/2013
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Battle of Tours
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