IsiNdbele Home Language - SchoolNet SA€¦ · angakghona ukudluliselwa kweminye imikhakha namkha iinkhungo zefundo ezisezingeni elifanako nalelo elisemTlameni wokuThwasa weliZweloke

IsiTatimende SeKharikhyulamu YeliZwelokeAmaBanga 10 – 12

(Indlela Yokufundamazombe)

AMALIMIISINDEBELE ILIMI LEKHAYA

ifundoUmNyango wezeFundoIRIPHAPHLIKI YESEWULA AFRIKA

Department of Education

Sol Plaatje House123 Schoeman StreetPrivate Bag X895Pretoria 0001South AfricaTel: +27 12 312-5911Fax: +27 12 321-6770

120 Plein StreetPrivate Bag X9023Cape Town 8000South AfricaTel: +27 21 465-1701Fax: +27 21 461-8110

http://education.pwv.gov.za

© 2003 Department of Education

ISBN 1-919975-90-X

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INDLELA YOKUSETJENZISWA KWALENCWADI

Umtlolo lo mgomo-mtlolo ohlukaniswe ngezahluko ezine. Kuqakathekile bonyana ofundako afundebekahlanganise ilwazi eliphuma eengabeni ezahlukahlukeneko emtlolweni lo. Okumumethwe ngesinye nesinyeisahluko kuhlathululiwe ngenzasi:

■ Isahluko 1- UkwEthulwa KwesiTatimende SeKharikhyulamu YeliZweloke.

Isahlukwesi sihlathulula besihlinzeke imileyo nesakhiwo somtlamo wesiTatimende seKharikhyulamuyeliZweloke samaBanga 10 – 12 (Indlela Yokufundamazombe). Sinikela namkha siveza isingenisomanqophana nekharikhyulamu emanqophana nomfundi.

■ Isahluko 2 - UkwEthulwa KomKhakha WokuFunda WamaLimi

Isahlukwesi sihlathulula ihlathululo, umnqopho, ukunaba, itjhebiswano lamabizelo kanye nemiPhumelayomKhakha wokuFunda wamaLimi. Inikela indlela yokungeniswa nokwethulwa kwamaLimi.

■ Isahluko 3 - ImiPhumela YokuFunda, AmaZinga WokuHlola, OkuMumethwekoNobuJamo

Isahlukwesi simumethe amaZinga wokuHlola emPhumeleni wokuFunda ngamunye kanyenokumumethweko nobujamo besifundo. AmaZinga wokuHlola ahlelwe bonyana asize umfundi bonaahlukanise iragelo phambili ukuthoma eBangeni 10 ukuya eBangeni 12. Amazinga wokuhlola abekwebekaphadlhalajwa ngamakhasi akhamba ngamabili. Ekugcineni kwesahluko kunokumumethwekookuveziweko kanye nobujamo obungasetjenziswa ekufundiseni, ekufundeni nekufumaneni amaZingawokuHlola.

■ Isahluko 4- Ukuhlola

Isahlukwesi siveza indlela ejayelekileko ekuhloleni okutjhukunyiswe siTatimende seKharikhyulamuyeliZweloke. Ekupheleni kwesahluko kunethebula leenTlhadlhuli zamaKghono weemfundo.Amakhowudu, iinlinganisi kanye neentlhadlhuli zamakghono ziveziwe ebangeni ngalinye. Iintlhadlhuli-mazombe zamakghono zihlelwe ngendlela yokutjengisa iragelo phambili ukuthoma eBangeni 10bekuyokufika eBangeni le -12.

AmaLimi – IsiNdebele ILimi LeKhaya

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■ Amatshwayo

Amatshwayo alandelako asetjenziselwe ukubona imiPhumela yokuFunda, amaZinga wokuHlola,amabanga, amakhowudu, iinlinganisi, iintlhadlhulimazombe zamakghono.

= UmPhumela WokuFunda

= IZinga LokuHlola

= IBanga

= IKhowudu

= ISilinganisi

= IsiTlhadlhuli SeKghono

= Okumumethweko NoBujamo


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S

B


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OKUMUMETHWEKO

INDLELA YOKUSETJENZISWA KWENCWADI LE iii

AMA-AKHRONIMI ix

ISAHLUKO 1: UKWETHULWA KWESITATIMENDE SEKHARIKHYULAMUYELIZWELOKE 1

IMILEYO 1

Ukutjhuguluka kwezokuhlalisana 2

IFundo eNzinze emiPhumeleni 2

Ilwazi kanye namakghono asezingeni eliphakamileko 3

Ukuhlanganisa nokusetjenziswa kwekghono 3

Ukuragela phambili 3

Ukukhambelana nokuthwaleka kweemfundo 3

Amalungelo wobuntu, ukufaka koke, ubulungiswa bezebhoduluko nokuhlalisana 4

Ukukarekela amahlelo welwazi lendabuko 4

Ukukholweka, ikhwalithi nekghono 5

UMHLOBO WOMFUNDI OLINDELWEKO 5

UMHLOBO KATITJHERE OLINDELWEKO 6

UKWAKHEKA NAMATSHWAYO WEDIZAYINI 6

Ukwakheka KwesiTatimende SeKharikhyulamu YeliZweloke 6

Okumumethwe ZiinTatimende ZokuFunda Emkhakheni WokuFuda Amalimi 8

UMHLAHLANDLELA WAMAHLELO WOKUFUNDA 8

ISAHLUKO 2: UKWETHULWA KOMKHAKHA WOKUFUNDA AMALIMI 9

IHLATHULULO 9

UMNQOPHO 9

UBUBANZI 10

Ukufaka Koke 10

Amazinga Welimi 11

UBUDLELWANA BEFUNDO NAMABIZELO WOMSEBENZI 12

IMIPHUMELA YOKUFUNDA 13

UmPhumela WokuFunda 1: Ukulalela nokukhuluma 13

UmPhumela WokuFunda 2: Ukufunda nokubukela 13

UmPhumela WokuFunda 3: Ukutlola nokwethula 14

UmPhumela WokuFunda 4: Ihlelo nokusetjenziswa kwelimi 14

ISAHLUKO 3: IMIPHUMELA YOKUFUNDA, AMAZINGA WOKUHLOLA,OKUMUMETHWEKO NOBUJAMO 16

UmPhumela WokuFunda 1: Ukulalela nokukhuluma 16

UmPhumela WokuFunda 2: Ukufunda nokubukela 26

UmPhumela WokuFunda 3: Ukutlola nokwethula 38

UmPhumela WokuFunda 4: Ihlelo nokusetjenziswa kwelimi 46

OKUMUMETHWEKO NOBUJAMO BOKWENZA KUZUZWE AMAZINGA WOKUHLOLA 56

Ukusetjenziswa kwamatheksti ekufundisweni kwelimi 56

Ukuzwisisa bona amatheksti atlanywa njani 57


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ISAHLUKO 4: UKUHLOLA 61

ISINGENISO 61

KUBAYINI KUHLOLWA? 61

IMIHLOBO YOKUHLOLA 62

Ukuhlola okusisekelo 62

Ukuhlola okuvezako 62

Ukuhlola okwakhako 62

Ukuhlola okubuthelelako 62

UKUHLOLA KUFANELE KUBE NJANI BEKWENZENI? 63

KUHLOLWA NJANI? 63

IINDLELA ZOKUHLOLA 64

Ukuzihlola 64

Ukuhlolwa bangani 64

Ukuhlolwa siqhema 64

IINDLELA ZOKUBUTHELELA UBUFAKAZI BOKUHLOLA 64

Ukuhlola okunzinze ekuqaleni ngamehlo 64

Ukuhlola okunzinze ekuhlahlubeni 65

Ukuhlola okunzinze emsebenzini 65

UKUREKHODA NOKUBIKA 65

Iindlela zokurekhoda 65

Ukubika ngomsebenzi nokuzuza 67

IINTLHADLHULI ZEKGHONO LESIFUNDO 67

UKUDLULISELWA EBANGENI ELILANDELAKO 68

INDLELA IKARADA LOKURIPODA EKUFANELE LIBE NGAYO 68

UKUHLOLWA KWABAFUNDI ABAQALENE NEENKHANDELI ZOKUFUNDA 69

IINTLHADLHULI ZEKGHONO LELIMI LEKHAYA 70

IGLOZARI 95


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AMA-AKHRONIMI

LN ubuLwelwe beNtumbantonga (AIDS)FBM iFundo NeBandulo Mazombe (GET)FNP iFundo eNzinze phezu kwemiPhumela (OBE)FBT iFundo neBandulo eThuthukako (FET)LBN umuLwana oBanga iNtumbantonga (HIV)HLN AmaHlelo weLwazindabuko (IKS)HL ukuHlola kwangamaLanga (CASS)ILTSA IsiGungu esiLawula ukuThwasa eSewula Afrika (SAQA)TQZ umTlamo wokuThwasa weliZweloke (NQF)TKZ isiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke (NCS)


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ISAHLUKO 1

UKWETHULWA KWESITATIMENDE SEKHARIKHYULAMUYELIZWELOKE

Ukwamukelwa komThethosisekelo kaMazibuse weSewula Afrika (UmThetho 108 ka-1996) kwahlinzekelaisisekelo setjhuguluko nokutlolwa kwekharikhyulamu netuthuko eSewula Afrika. Isethulo siveza iminqophoyomThethosisekelo ku: ■ kwelapha ukuhlukahlukana kwangaphambilini kwakhiwe umphakathi onzinze phezu kwamagugu

wedemokhrasi, ubulungiswa bokuhlalisana kwabantu namalungelo wobuntu asisekelo;■ kwenza ngcono ubunjalo bepilo yezakhamuzi zoke nokukhulula ikghono lomuntu omunye nomunye;■ kwakha iinsekelo zomphakathi wedemokhrasi novulekileko la umbuso unzinze khona entandweni yabantu

kanye nezakhamuzi zawo ezivikelwe mthetho ngokulingana;■ kwakha iSewula Afrika ebumbeneko nedemokhrasi ekghona ukuthatha indawayo efaneleko njengombuso

ozijameleko emndenini weentjhaba.

UmThethosisekelo ubuye uveze bonyana ‘woke umuntu unelungelo… lokuthuthukisa ifundwakhe efaneleihlinzekelwe mBuso, ngokwamagadango afaneleko, ngokuragela phambili nokufinyeleleka’.

IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke samaBanga 10 – 12 (Indlela Yokufundamazombe) yendlalaisisekelo sokuzuza iminqopho engehla ngokuveza imiPhumela yokuFunda namaZinga wokuHlola kanyenokuveza imileyo eqakathekileko namagugu asisekelo sekharikhyulamu.

IMILEYO

IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke samaBanga 10 – 12 (Indlela Yokufundamazombe) sisekelwe phezukwemileyo elandelako:■ ukutjhuguluka kwezokuhlalisana;■ ifundo enzinze emiphumeleni;■ ilwazi kanye namakghono asezingeni eliphakamileko;■ ukuhlanganisa nokusetjenziswa kwekghono;■ ukuragela phambili;■ ukukhambelana nokuthwaleka kweemfundo;■ amalungelo wobuntu, ukufaka koke, ubulungiswa bezebhoduluko nokuhlalisana;■ ukukarekela amahlelo welwazi lendabuko; kanye■ ukukholweka, ikhwalithi nekghono.


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Ukutjhuguluka kwezokuhlalisana

UmThethosisekelo wakaMazibuse weSewula Afrika wakha isisekelo sokutjhuguluka kwezokuhlalisanaemphakathini osele weyanywe ebandlululweni. Ikatelelo lokutjhugulula umphakathi weSewula Afrikangokusebenzisa iintlabagelo ezahlukahlukeneko zokutjhugulula livela kufuneko yokuqalana nomonakaloobangelwe libandlululo kiwo woke amahlangothi wobuntu khulukhulu ehlangothini lefundo. Itjhugulukokwezokuhlalisana efundweni linqophe ekuqinisekiseni bonyana ukungalingani kwefundo kwakade kuhlaliswangefanelo begodu kuhlinzekelwa ngamathuba alinganako wefundo kiwo woke amahlangothi wesitjhaba. Ukuzeitjhuguluko lokuhlalisana libe yipumelelo belifinyelelwe, woke amaSewula Afrika kufuze asekelwengokwefundo, ngokobana kwamukelwe amakghonwawo kanye nokususa iinliyo zokuzenzela eziliyaukutholakala kweziqu zokuthwaselwa.

Ifundo enzinze emiphumeleni

IFundo eNzinze emiPhumeleni (OBE) yakha isisekelo sekharikhyulamu yeSewula Afrika. Ilinga ukwenza bonaboke abafundi bafinyelele emakghonwenabo azeleko ngokobana ibeke tjhatjhalazi leyo miPhumela yokuFundaekufuze izuzwe ekugcineni kwekambiso yefundo. Ifundo eNzinze emiPhumeleni ikhuthaza ifundo edzimelelekubafundi nefundo elawulwa kukwenza komfundi into ethileko. IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZwelokesamaBanga 10 – 12 sakhe imiPhumela yokuFunda yeBanga 10 – 12 (Indlela Yokufundamazombe) phezukwemiPhumela eQakathekileko neThuthukisako eyakhuthazwa mThethosisekelo yabe yathuthukiswangokwedemokhrasi.

ImiPhumela eQakathekileko ilindele bona abafundi bakghone uku:

■ hlukanisa nokurarulula imiraro nokuthatha iinqunto ezicatjangisiswe ngekghono;■ sebenzisana nabanye ngepumelelo njengamalunga wesiqhema, umkhandlu, ihlangano nanyana umphakathi; ■ hlela nokuziphatha kanye nokuphatha umsebenzabo ngendlela yokuziphendulela nangepumelelo;■ buthelela, ukutsenga, ukuhlela nokuhlola ilwazi ngelihlo elibukhali; ■ thintana nokukhulumisana ngepumelelo nabanye asebenzisa okubonwako namkha okubukelwako,

amatshwayo, amakghono welimi ngeendlela ezinengi;■ sebenzisa isayensi netheknoloji ngepumelelo nangokucabangisisa abe abonise ukuziphendulela

ebhodulukweni nepilweni yabanye; begodu■ atjengisa ukuzwisisa iphasi bona linamahlelo akhambelanako ngokuyelela bona ukurarulula umraro

akwenzeki kodwa ngeqadi.

ImiPhumela eThuthukisako ilindele abafundi bona bakghone uku:

■ tjengisa nokungenelela emaqhingeni ahlukahlukeneko wokufunda ngepumelelo;■ zibandakanya njengezakhamuzi ezinokuziphendulela epilweni yezakhamuzi zalapho bahlala khona,

yelizweloke kanye neentjhabeni zephasi loke;■ ba nezwelo nokuzwisisa amasiko nokubuka ubuhle obuligugu kiwo woke amahlangothi ahlukahlukeneko

wokuhlalisana;


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■ funisisa amathuba wefundo nawemisebenzi; kanye■ nokwakha amathuba wokuphatha irhwebo.

Ilwazi kanye namakghono asezingeni eliphakamileko

IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke samaBanga 10 – 12 (Indlela Yokufundamazombe) sinqopheekuthuthukiseni ilwazi namakghono wabafundi bona abe sezingeni eliphezulu. Sibeka izinga eliphezulu kilokhookulindelwe bona kuzuzwe bafundi beSewula Afrika. Ubulungiswa bokuhlalisana bufuna zoke iingabazesitjhaba ezazingaqalelelwa ngokwamandla ngaphambili, ngesimanga sokutlhoga ilwazi namakghono,zinikelwe amandla. IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke siveza ubuncani bamazinga welwazinamakghono ekufanele afinyelelwe kubanga ngalinye begodu sibeka namazinga aphakamileko afinyelelekakokizo zoke iimfundo.

Ukuhlanganisa nokusetjenziswa kwekghono

Ukuhlanganisa kufinyelelwa kizo zoke iimfundo kanye nakiyo yoke imikhakha yokufunda. Ukuhlanganisailwazi namakghono kizo zoke iimfundo nemikhakheni yokwenza ngezandla kuqakathekile ekuzuzeniukusetjenziswa kwekghono njengombana kuhlathulula umTlamo wokuThwasa weliZweloke (NQF). Ikghonoelisetjenziswako linqophe ekuhlanganiseni amakghono amathathu angafaniko: lokwenza nokutjengisa,elisisekelo nelokucabangisisa. IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke samaBanga 10 – 12 (IndlelaYokufundamazombe) sifuna ukukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kokufundwa kwetiyori, ukwenza, ukutjengisa kanyenokucabangisisa.

Ukuragela phambili

Ukuragela phambili kuhlathulula ikambiso yokuthuthukisa ilwazi namakghono asezingeni eliphezulu.IinTatimende zeemFundo zitjengisa ukuragela phambili ngokusuka kwenye igreyidi ukuya kwenye. Omunyenomunye umPhumela wokuFunda ulandelwa sitatimende esizwakalako sokobana ngisiphi isigaba sokusebenzaesilindelweko emiphumeleni. AmaZinga wokuHlola alanyaniswe ngendlela etjengisa amazinga wokusebenzaalindelweko aya ngokunyuka kubanga ngalinye. Okumumethweko nobujamo bebanga ngalinye kuzakutjengisaukuragela phambili ngokuthoma kilokho okulula ukuya kilokho okubudisi.

Ukukhambelana nokuthwaleka kweemfundo

Ukukhambelana kutjho itjhebiswano hlangana neziqu, emazingeni ahlukahlukeneko womTlamo wokuThwasaweliZwelonke ngeendlela ezikhuthaza ukusuka kwezinye iziqu ukuya kwezinye. Lokhu kuqakathekekhulukhulu eziqwini eziwela ngaphasi komhlobo ofanako wokufunda. Njengombana sekutjhiwo iFundoneBandulo eThuthukako ihlangana neFundo neBandulo Mazombe kanye neFundo ePhezulu, kuqakathekilebona isiTifikedi seFundo neBandulo eThuthukako (Indlela Yokufundamazombe) sikhambisane nesiTifikedi


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seFundo neBandulo Mazombe kanye neziqu zomhlobo ofanako weemfundo eFundweni ePhezulu. Ukuzekuzuzeke ukukhambisanokhu kufanele ukwakhiwa kwesiTatimende seFundo ngasinye kufake ngaphakathiukuqalisiswa kwamazinga wemiphumela alindelweko eenKundleni zokuFunda eFundweni-neBanduloMazombe kanye nokufunda bona kuyinto ekhona emazingeni wokungeniswa kokuziphatha eFundweniePhezulu.

Ukuthwaleka kutjho izinga iingcenye zeziqu ezithileko (namkha zeemfundo nanyana amazinga wamayunidi)angakghona ukudluliselwa kweminye imikhakha namkha iinkhungo zefundo ezisezingeni elifanako naleloelisemTlameni wokuThwasa weliZweloke ngeminqopho yokwenza lula ukudlulela kweemfundo ezifunyanweemabangeni 10 – 12, kuneendlela ezahlukahlukeneko eziqalisisweko, ukwenza isibonelo, ngokuthatha isifundonjengeyunidi enamazinga ama-20 wamaphuzu. Iimfundo ezimumethwe siTatimende seKharikhyulamuyeliZweloke amaBanga 10 – 12 (Indlela Yokufundamazombe) ziyafana namazinga wamayunidi atlolisweemTlameni weziQu weliZweloke.

Amalungelo wobuntu, ukufaka koke, ubulungiswa bezebhoduluko nobokuhlalisana

IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke samaBanga 10 – 12 (Indlela Yokufundamazombe) sinqopheukuthuthukisa amalungelo wobuntu, ukufaka koke ubulungiswa bezebhoduluko nobokuhlalisana. ZokeiinTatimende zesiFundo ezitja zifakwe hlangana nemileyo nezenzo zobulungiswa bezebhodulukonobokuhlalisana kanye namalungelo wobuntu njengombana kuhlathululwa mThethosisekelo kaMazibuseweSewula Afrika. Khulukhulu, isiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke samaBanga 10 – 12 (IndlelaYokufundamazombe) sinezwelo eendabeni zokwahlukahlukana njengobuchaka, ukungalingani, ubutjhaba,ubulili, ilimi, ubudala, ukurholophala nokhunye.

IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke samaBanga 10 – 12 (Indlela Yokufundamazombe) sikhetha indlelaefaka koke ngokuveza ubuncani beendingo ezilindelwe kibo boke abafundi. Sikhuthaza hlukanisa abafundikufanele bathuthukiswe baze bafinyelele ekghonweni elizeleko, nangabe bathola isekelo elifaneleko. Iindingozabafundi zokuhlakanipha kwemiqondo, zokuhlalisana, zemizwa, zomoya nezokomzimba zizakuhlaliswa kuhlengokudizayina nokutlhanywa kwamaHlelo wokuFunda nangokusetjenziswa kweentlabagelo ezifanelekozokuhlola.

Ukukarekela amahlelo welwazi lendabuko

Ngeminyaka yabo-1960, ithiyori yokuhlakanipha okuhlukahlukeneko yakatelela abosofundo bona bayeleleukuthi kuneendlela ezinengi zokudlulisa ilwazi ukuze kube nokuzwisisa iphasi. Ngalokho nagade umuntubekungathiwa akahlathulule ukuhlakanipha kabutjha, kungatlhogeka bona umuntu ayelele zoke leziindlelaezahlukahlukeneko. Kuze kube ngaleso sikhathi, iphasi leTjingalanga lalithathela phezulu ukulamanisa kuhle,ukubala kanye namakghono anqophileko ngokwelimi, ngalokho likghone ukulinganisa umuntu ngokobanabathi ‘uhlakaniphile’ kwaphela nangabe uyazikghona lezo zinto. Namhlanje abantu bakarekelaukuhlukahlukana okunabileko kwamahlelo welwazi njengendlela yokuzwisisa izinto nobujamo abazifumana


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bakibo. Amahlelo welwazi lendabuko ngokobujamo beSewula Afrika ahlathulula ilwazi elidzimelele elwazinieligaphakathi kwefilosofi yokucabanga kom-Afrika kanye nendlela yokwenza izinto ngokokuhlalisanaeyayisebenza eenkulungwaneni zeminyaka ezadlulako. IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke samaBanga10 – 12 (Indlela Yokufundamazombe) sifake amahlelo welwazi lendabuko eenTatimendeni zeFundo. Samukelaukunotha komlando namafa wephaseli njengeminikelo eqakathekileko yokusekela amagugu amumethwemThethosisekelo. Iindlela ezinengi ezahlukahlukeneko, ngokukghonakala kwakhona, zifakiwe ukuze zisizeekurarululeni imiraro kiyo yoke imikhakha.

Ukukholweka, ikhwalithi nekghono

IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke samaBanga 10 – 12 (Indlela Yokufundamazombe) sinqopheukuzuza ukukholweka ngokulandelela ihlelo lokutjhuguluka ngokuhlinzekela ifundo efanako ngokwekhwalithi,ububanzi kanye nokudepha nayimadaniswa nefundo yamanye amaphasi. Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi kufuzekulawulwe ziindingo ezifunwa mThetho wesiGungu esiLawula ukuThwasa eSewula Afrika(SAQA),(umThetho wama-58, ka-1995), mThetho wokuQinisekisa iKhwalithi yeFundo neBandulo kanye nomThethowokuQinisekisa iKhwalithi yeFundo neBandulo MaZombe eThuthukako (umThetho wama-58 ka-2001).

UMHLOBO WOMFUNDI OLINDELWEKO

Okuqakathekileko ekuthuthukeni kwethu njengabantu, magugu asilethela okuhlukanisekako kithi ngokomoyanangokuhlakanipha esele sinakho. The Manifesto of Values, Education and Democracy (umNyango weFundo,2001: 9-10) ziveza lokhu okulandelako ngamagugu nefundo:

Values and morality give meaning to our individual and social relationships. They are the commoncurrencies that help make life more meaningful than might otherwise have been. An education systemdoes not exist to simply serve a market, important as that may before economic growth and materialprosperity. Its primary purpose must be to enrich the individual and, by extension, the broadersociety.

Umfundi olindelweko ngonamagugu netjisakalo yokuqalelela iimfuno zomphakathi ezisekelwe phezukwehlonipho yedemokhrasi, ukulingana, isithunzi sobuntu nobulungiswa bokuhlalisana njengoba kukhuthazwemThethosisekelo.

Umfundi obuya ezingeni leFundo neBandulo eThuthukako kufanele aveze ikghono lokuzuza imiPhumelaeQakathekileko ne Thuthukisako evezwe kilomtlolo ngaphambilini. IimFundo ezisezingeni lokufundaeliSisekelo zikhuthaza ukuzuzwa kwemiphumela eQakathekileko neThuthukisako kanti iimfundo ezithilekoezimMongo nezoku ziKhethela zikhuthaza ukuzuzwa kwemiphumela ethileko eQakathekileko neThuthukisako.

Ukungezelela kokungehla, abafundi ababuya ezingeni leFundo neBandulo eThuthukako kufanele:

■ bafinyelele babe baphumelele efundweni eragako nebandulo yekhwalithi ehle;


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■ batjengise ikghono lokucabanga ngokulamanisa izinto, ngokutsenga, ngokuzeleko nangokwenzekako;begodu

■ bakghone ukudlulisa namkha ukusebenzisa amakghono ukusuka ebujameni obujayelekileko ukuyakobungakajayeleki.

UMHLOBO KATITJHERE OLINDELWEKO

Boke abotitjhere badlala indima eqakathekileko ekutjhugululweni kwefundo eSewula Afrika. IsiTatimendeseKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke samaBanga 10 – 12 (Indlela Yokufundamazombe) silindele abotitjhereababandulweko, abanekghono, abazimiseleko nabanetjhejo. Bazakukghona ukudlala iindima ezihlukahlukenekoezivezwe emiThethweni nakumaZinga wabaFundisi. Lokho kufaka hlangana, ukuba bafundisi, abarhumutjhinabatlami bamaHlelo wokuFunda kanye neensiza-kufunda, abarholi, abaphathi nabalawuli, iimfundiswa,abarhubhululi nabafundi abafunda ipilwabo yoke, amalunga womphakathi, izakhamuzi, abafundisi bekolo,abahloli nezazi zefundo.

UKWAKHEKA NAMATSHWAYO WEDIZAYINI

Ukwakheka KwesiTatimende SeKharikhyulamu YeliZweloke

IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke samaBanga 10 – 12 (Indlela Yokufundamazombe) simumethe umtlolowomBonomazombe, iZinga leemFundo kanye nomTlamo womGomo wokuHlola kanye neenTatimende zesiFundo.

Iimfundo ezikusiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke samaBanga 10 – 12 (Indlela Yokufundamazombe)zihlelwe ngokwemiKhakha yokuFunda.

UYini UmKhakha WokuFunda?

UmKhakha wokufunda sigaba esisebenza njengekhaya leemfundo ezikhambelanako nezisiza ukwakhaimithetho yokuhlanganiswa kokufunda ezingeni lesiTifikedi seFundo neBandulo eThuthukako (IndlelaYokufundamazombe). Ukuhlukaniswa kwemiKhakha yokufunda yeBanga le 10 – 12 kutjheja ukukhambisanakweFundo neBandulo Mazombe kanye neFundo ePhakamileko namarherho wokuhlukanisa kwamanyeamaphasi.

Nanyana ukutlolwa kwesiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke samaBanga 10 – 12 (IndlelaYokufundamazombe) kususelwe emikhakheni yokuhlela elitjhumi nambili yomTlamo wokuThwasaweliZweloke, kufanele kugandelelwe bona imikhakha le ayisiyo imiKhakha yokuFunda nanyana yelwazikodwana ithungelelwe eengabeni zamabizelo.


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Amabuthelelo alandelako wesifundo ahlukaniswa ngemiKhakha yokuFunda ukuze asize umfundi bonaahlanganise isifundo:

■ AmaLimi (Iinsekelo);■ UbuKghwari namaSiko;■ IRhwebo, ukuThengiselana, ukuPhatha nokuNikelwa kwemiSebenzi;■ UkwAkha, ubuNjiniyera neTheknoloji;■ ISayensi yoBuntu nokuHlalisana kanye namaLimi; kanye■ NeSayensi yeFiziksi, iMathematics, iKhomphyutha, iPilo kanye nezeLimo.

SiYini IsiFundo?

Ngokomlando, isifundo sihlathululwe njengebumbeko elithileko lelwazi lobufundiswa. Lokhu kuzwisiswakwesifundo kugandelela ilwazi esikhundleni samakghono, amagugu neendlela ekuthathwa ngayo izinto.Iimfundo zaziqalwa ngabanye njengezinto ezijame ndawonye, ezingatjhugulukiko nezinemikhawulo eqinileko.Ngesikhathi esinengi iimfundo bezigandelela khulu imithelela yelwazi leTjingalanga.

Kukharikhyulamu enzinze emiphumeleni njengesiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke yamaBanga 10 –12 (Indlela Yokufundamazombe), imikhawulo yesifundo ayihlukaniseki. Ilwazi lihlanganisa ithiyori,amakghono kanye namagugu. Iimfundo zithathwa bona ziyatjhuguluka, ngaso soke isikhathi zihlahlwa lilwazielitjha nelihlukahlukeneko, kufakwa hlangana nelwazi elalitjhiywe ngaphandle kukharikhyulamu yokuthoma.

Kukharikhyulamu enzinze emiphumeleni, isifundo sihlathululwa kabanzi ngemiPhumela yokuFunda, hhayingesakhiwo sokumumethweko kwaphela. Ngokobujamo beSewula Afrika, imiPhumela yokuFunda kufanele,ngokudizayinwa, irholele ekuzuzweni kwemiPhumela eNqophileko neThuthukisako. ImiPhumela yokuFundaihlathululwa ngeendlela ezibanzi begodu ziyatjhuguluka, zivumele ukwamukeleka kwemibono yekhaya.

UYini UmPhumela WokuFunda?

UmPhumela wokuFunda sitatimende somphumela onqotjhwe ngokufunda nokufundisa. Uhlathulula ilwazi,amakghono namagugu ekufuze azuzwe mfundi ekupheleni kweFundo neBandulo eThuthukako.

LiYini IZinga LokuHlola?

AmaZinga wokuHlola ziinkomba ezitlhadlhula lokho umfundi afanele akwazi abe akghone ukukutjengisanakafika ebangeni elithileko. Amumethe ilwazi, amakghono namagugu afunekako ekuzuzeni imiPhumelayokuFunda. AmaZinga wokuHlola ngaphakathi komPhumela ngamunye wokuFunda atjengisa indlela ukuragelaphambili ngokwelwazi kwenzeka ngakho ukusuka kwenye igreyidi ukuya kwenye.


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Okumumethwe ZiinTatimende ZokuFunda EmKhakheni wokuFunda wamaLimi

IsiTatimende seFundo ngasinye emKhakheni wokuFunda amaLimi simumethe izahluko ezine kanye neglozari.

■ Isahluko 1:UkwEthulwa kwesiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke: Lesi sahluko esitholakala kiyoyoke imikhakha yokufunda, sethula isiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke samaBanga 10 – 12(Indlela yokufundamazombe).

■ Isahluko 2: UkwEthulwa komKhakha wokuFunda wamaLimi: Lesisahluko sethula woke amatshwayoaqakathekileko womKhakha wokuFunda amaLimi. Sakhiwa yihlathululo yomkhakha wokufunda,umnqopho, ububanzi, itjhebiswano lefundo nemihlobo yamabizelo womsebenzi kanye nemiPhumelayokuFunda.

■ Isahluko 3:ImiPhumela yokuFunda, amaZinga wokuHlola, okumumethweko nobujamo: Lesi sahlukosimumethe imiPhumela yokuFunda namaZinga wokuHlola akhambisana naso kanye nokumumethwekonobujamo bokuzuza amaZinga wokuHlola.

■ Isahluko 4:Ukuhlola:Isahlukwesi siveza imileyo yokuhlola besenze iimphakamiso zokurekhoda nokwethulaimibiko ngokuhlola. Sibuye godu sirhemise iinhlathululo ezinqophene nekghono lesifundo esithileko.

■ Iglozari: Kilesi sahluko la kudingeke khona, kunerhelo lamagama akhethweko nahlathululwengobufitjhazana.

UMHLAHLANDLELA WAMAHLELO WOKUFUNDA

IHlelo lokuFunda liveza ububanzi bokufunda nokuhlola kumabanga amathathu ezingeni leFundo neBanduloeThuthukako. Mtlamo oqinisekisa bona abafundi bazuza imiPhumela yokuFunda njengombana ivezwekumaZinga wokuHlola kubanga ngalinye. UmHlahlandlela wamaHlelo wokuFunda usiza abotitjhere kanyenabanye abatlami bamaHlelo wokuFunda ekutlameni nekudizayineni ukufunda nokufundisa okunekhwalithikanye namahlelo wokuhlola.


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ISAHLUKO 2

UKWETHULWA KOMKHAKHA WOKUFUNDA WAMALIMI

IHLATHULULO

Ilimi sikhali sokucabanga nokuthintana. Ukwahlukana ngokwamasiko netjhebiswano lokuhlalisana kuvezwabekwakhiwe ngokusebenzisa ilimi. Ukufunda ukusebenzisa ilimi ngepumelelo kwenza abafundi bakghoneukucabanga nokufumana ilwazi, baveze, amazizo, imibono, bathintane nabanye bebakghone nokuba nelawulolephasi labo.

UMNQOPHO

Ngesimanga sokungafani kwamalimi namasiko eSewula Afrika, kufanele bona izakhamuzi zikghoneukuthintana ngale kweenliyo ezikhona zelimi bezinzinzise ukubekezelelana ngokwamasiko nelimi kanyenokuzwisisana. Ukungafani ngokwamalimi kuyinto eyamukelekako nethathwa njengegugu lamalimi alitjhumiwangokomthetho kumthethosisekelo kanye nomGomo weLimi eFundweni yokwengezelela ubulimi - nengi.Abafundi bakatelelekile ukufunda okungenani amalimi amabili njengesiSekelo sesifundo bese kuthi amanyeangathathwa njengamalimi weemfundo ezimMongo namkha zokuziKhethela.

Ezingeni leFundo neBandulo Mazombe, kwakhiwa ilwazi lomfundi elidephileko lelimi lekhaya eliba sisekeloesiqinileko sokufunda amalimi wokungezelela. Abafundi nabafika kuBanga le-10, bazabe sebanelwazi begodubafunisise kabanzi ngamalimi wokungezelela, begodu bazabe sebawasebenzisile namalimi wokungezelelanabafundako. IKharikhyulamu yeFundo neBandulo eThuthukako inikela umfundi amathuba wokuqinisekisanokuthuthukisa amakghono wobulimi-nengi. Abafundi nabathuthuka ngokwamabanga balindelwe bonangokukhulako bafunde ukusebenzisa ilimi ngokutjhelelako, ngekghono nangokunemba okufaneleko kanyenangokunaba okuhlukahlukeneko kobujamo. Abafundi baba nokuziphendulela okokhulu ekufundeni kwabobebasebenzise amakghonwabo welimi ngeendlela ezibudisi neziyiselele.

Imihlobohlobo yamakghono wokufunda atlhogekako ekuzibandakanyeni ngepumelelo emphakathininemisebenzini yezeminotho welizweloke, kusentjhwari yamatjhumi amabili nanye yeminyaka, zingaphezukokulalela, ukukhuluma, ukufunda, ukutlola nemithetho yokukhuluma. Kufaka hlangana ikghonolemihlobohlobo yeenrhatjhi, amagrafu, ilwazi, ikhomphyutha, amasiko nokucabangisisa. Ikharikhyulamu yelimiilungiselela abafundi bona bakwazi ukuqalana neenselele njengamaSewula Afrika namalunga womphakathiwomhlaba woke.


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IKharikhyulamu yeFundo neBandulo eThuthukako isiza boke abafundi ukuhlangabezana neendingo ezinengizemiPhumela eQakathekileko neThuthukisako, ngokufaka neminqopho elandelako:

■ ukwandisa nokudephisa amakghono welimi akhiwe ezingeni leFundo-vama neBandulo, kanye nokufakaukusetjenziswa kwamakghono welimi lengqondo elitlhogeka efundweni ephakamileko kukharikhyulamuyoke, ukuthanda nokukarekela ubuhle bemitlolo ukuze abafundi bakghone ukulalela, bakhulume,bafunde/babukele begodu batlole/bethule ngokuzithemba. Lamakghono nendlela yokuqala izinto,zingezinye zeengcenye zokwakha ukufunda ipilo yoke.

■ ukusebenzisa ilimi ngefanelo ebujameni bepilo yamambala ngokutjheja abamukelilwazi, umnqophonobujamo.

■ ukuveza nokusekela imibonwabo nemicabangwabo ngokuzithemba nangokuthinteka ukuze babe babantuabazijameleko nabatsenga ngokucabangisisa.

■ ukusebenzisa ilimi nokufanekisa ukuze bajamisele bebangenelele ilemuko lobuntu. Ngokusebenzisaamathekstiahlukahlukeneko, abafundi bakghona ukucabanga ngobuphilo babo namalemuko babe bakghonenokucabanga ngeminye imibono ehlukileko yephasi.

■ ukusebenzisa ilimi ukuze bafinyelele bebaphathe ilwazi lokufunda kukharikhyulamu yoke kanyenebujameni obahlukahlukeneko. Ikghono lokwazi liqakathekile ‘esikhathini selwazi’ begodu lakha isisekeloekufundeni ipilo yoke.

■ ukusebenzisa ilimi njengesikhali sokucabangisisa nokucabanga ngokuzithomela. Lomnqopho wamukelaukuthi ilwazi lakhiwa ngokuhlangana nokuhlalisana kwabantu ngokusebenzisa ilimi kanye nokucabanga.

■ ukuveza imibono ecatjangisisweko ngendlela yokuziphatha namagugu. Ukuze bakghone ukwakha amahlelowamagugwabo, abafundi kufanele bazibandakanye emathekstini wamalungelo wobuntu, kanyenokuziphendulela njengamalungelo wabantwana, wabantu beengubo; wabarholopheleko, abaluphelekokanye nezinto eziphathelene nobutjhaba, amasiko, imibono yekolelo, izinga lobuphilo, amahlelowokukholelwa, ubulili, ingogwana ebanga intumbantonga, i-HIV ne-AIDS kanye nekululeko yokukhuluma,ukuhlunga ilwazi/ikulumo ehlambalazako kanye nebhoduluko.

■ ukuzibandakanya ngelihlo elibukhali emathekstini ahlukahlukeneko. Abafundi bazakukghona ukuhlukanisanokuphosa iselele ngemibono, amagugu nobudlelwana bamandla obumumethwe mitlolo.

■ ukuhlukanisa ubujamo bokungalingani kwamalimi angafaniko nemihlobohlobo yawo ngokweengodi.Abafundi bazokukghona ukuphosa iselele ngokuphikisana nokugandelelwa ngelimi nanyana ilimi lesigodiekunanyana ngiliphi bese bakghona ukuzithemba ngamalungelo welimi labo emphakathini obulimi-nengingesibindi.

UBUBANZI

Ukufaka koke

Ukufundisa nokuhlolwa kwamalimi kufanele kuhlinzekele ukutjhejwa kwabo boke abafundi begodu kwakhiwenamano wokubasiza bonyana bafinyelele nanyana bakhuphe amatheksti welimi. Abanye abafundi abaqaleneneenkhandeli zokufunda angeze bakghona ukufinyelela amanye amaZinga wokuHlola njengombana avezweesiTatimendeni seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke. Ngalokho-ke lokhu kufanele kuyelelwe:


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■ Amathemu afana ‘nokuhlathulula’,‘ukucoca godu’, ‘ukutjela’, ‘ukutjela godu’, ukubeka ngawakhoamagama’, ‘ukukhuluma’, ‘ukutjho’, ‘ukucoca’, ‘ukubuza’, ‘ukukhulumisana’, kufanele azwisiswe bonaafaka zoke iindlela zekulumo yomlomo nalezo ekungasizo zomlomo, kubuye kufakwe nekulumoyamatshwayo neensiza zekulumo. Ngokufanako, igama elithi ‘okukhulunywako’ nanyana‘komlomo’kufaka hlangana ikulumo yamatshwayo neensiza zekulumo.

■ Amathemu afana ‘nokulalela’, ‘ukuqala’, ‘ukufunda’, ‘nokubukela’ kufaka ukukhuluma njengokukhulumangeendebe zomlomo kanye nokuqala ilimi lamatshwayo.

■ Abafundi abangaboni kuhle bangadinga iinsiza neencwadi ezitlolwe ngelimi lokufunda ngeminonjengeBraille, iinqopha mazwi, amagama amakhulu, okuphathekako nemigwalo. Umqondo-gama othi‘cabanga ngengqondo’ nanyana ‘fanekisa’ ungatjengiswa ngokwenza. Okutjhiwo ligama elithi ‘ukufunda’kufaka imithombo efana nelimi lokufundwa ngemizwa yemino (iBraille) neencwadi ezikhulumako.

Amazinga Welimi

Ukufundwa kwelimi kuFundo neBandulo eThuthukako kufaka woke amalimi wangokomthetho: i-Afrikaans,isiNgisi, isiNdebele, isiXhosa, isiZulu, isiPedi (isiSuthu seTlhagwini), isiSuthu, isiTswana, isiSwati, isiVenda,isiTsonga kanye neLimi lamaTshwayo kanti-ke lokhu kungadluliselwa ekufundeni amanye amalimi avunyweyiBhodo yamaLimi Woke weSewula Afrika. IinTatimende zesiFundo seLimi leKhaya, iLimi lokuThomalokuNgezelela, kanye neLimi lesiBili lokuNgezelela zingatjhugululelwa kwamanye amalimi avumelekilekoangafundiswa njengomMongo nanyana iiNgcenye zokuziKhethela kuKharikhyulamu.

Woke amalimi angafundiswa emazingeni alandelako:

■ lLimi leKhaya: Ilimi lekhaya lomfundi kufanele liqiniswe belithuthukiswe khona lizokunikela isisekeloesiqinileko sokufunda amalimi wokwengezelela. Ezingeni leFundo neBandulo eThuthukako woke amalimiwangokomthetho weSewula Afrika anemiPhumela yokuFunda yeLimi leKhaya asezingeni eliphezulunawamadaniswa naweentjhabatjhaba. Lokhu kukhambisana neendingo zomthetho-sisekelo wobujamoobulinganako bamalimi wangokomthetho. Izinga lokuzwisisa ilimi lekhaya kufanele libe sebujamenibokusetjenziselwa ukufunda nokufundisa. Amakghono wokulalela nokukhuluma azakuragela phambilingokuthuthukiswa nokutsengwa kodwana okugandelelwako njenganje kusekuthuthukisweni kwamakghonowabafundi wokufunda nokutlola.

■ lLimi lokuThoma lokuNgezelela: Ukufunda iLimi lokuThoma lokuNgezelela kuthuthukisa ubulimi-nenginokuthintana ngokwamasiko. ImiPhumela yeLimi lokuThoma lokuNgezelela ihlinzekela amazingawamakghono wokusebenzisa ilimi, asezingeni elisingeniso elitlhogeka ekufundeni ngepumelelokukharikhyulamu yoke, njengombana kungenzeka bona abafundi bafunde ngeLimi lokuThomalokuNgezelela eSewula Afrika. Lokhu kufaka hlangana amakghono angaphathekiko welimi elifunekaekucabangeni nekufundeni. Lokhu kuwathinta woke amalimi wangokomthetho. Kuzakugandelelwaamakghono wokulalela, ukukhuluma, ukufunda nokutlola ngokulingana.


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■ lLimi lesiBili lokuNgezelela: Ukufunda ilimi lesibili lokungezelela kuthuthukisa ubulimi-nenginokuthintana ngokwamasiko. Nanyana amakghono wokufunda nokutlola azokuthuthukiswa, kileli zingakuzoqalelelwa khulu ekuthuthukiseni amakghono wokulalela nokukhuluma. Izinga leLimi lesiBililokuNgezelela kufanele linqophe ekuthuthukiseni amakghono wokulalela nokukhuluma.

Ezingeni eliSisekelo leFundo neBandulo eThuthukako, boke abafundi kufanele bafunde amalimi amabiliwangokomthetho. Linye kufanele libe sezingeni leLimi leKhaya, elinye libe sezingeni leLimi lokuThomalokuNgezelela nanyana elinye iLimi leKhaya. Linye lalamalimi, engcenyeni esiSekelo, kufanele libe liLimilokuFunda nokuFundisa. Engcenyeni emMongo nokuziKhethela, amalimi wangokomthetho angafundwabafundi abanethando lamalimi nomnqopho wokuthuthukisa ubulimi-nengi, njengamaLimi weKhaya,wokuThoma wokuNgezelela kanye/nanyana wesiBili wokuNgezelela.

UBUDLELWANA BEFUNDO NAMABIZELO WOMSEBENZI

Ezingeni leFundo-vama neBandulo, amalimi asuke afundwa eKundleni yokuFunda amaLimi; kuzinga leFundoneBandulo eThuthukako, umkhakha wokuFunda amaLimi, ukhambelana nekundla ehlelwa mthetho wesiGunguesiLawula ukuThwasa eSewula Afrika IimFundo zokuThintana neLimi. Ukuqinisekisa ukukhambisana,kusetjenziswe imithetho efanako neyezinga leFundo neBandulo Mazombe:

■ amakghono wokulalela welimi, ukukhuluma, ukufunda nokutlola asisekelo sokuthuthukisa imiphumelayokufunda; begodu

■ nokusetjenziswa kwamatheksti ahlukahlukeneko avumela abafundi bona bafunisise ngeendaba eziqalenenabo, ilizweloke kanye nephasi loke.

Ukufunda amalimi kungarholela emabizelweni womsebenzi akhambelana nelimi njengobuqophi-ndaba,ukutjhugulula, ukufundisa ilimi, ukuthengisa, ukukhangisa, ubudiplomesi nokhunye. Kusepepenenenibonaamalimi asisekelo sokufunda, hhayi epilweni yangamalanga kodwana nemsebenzini. Ukuthuthukakwamakghono werhwebo kudzimelele ekghonweni lomfundi ngokwelimi. Ephasini lobuchwephetjheobusezingeni eliphezulu, ukufinyelela komfundi kulawulwa yindlela yekghono lakhe lokukhulumanokuthintana. Ilimi liyindlela yokuphumelela, nangabe umfundi akakafundiswa kuhle ilimi, amathubawamabizelwakhe amanengi ayavimbeka.

Ilwazi lokufunda lisisekelo sokwenza imisebenzi yangamalanga begodu lingezelela emakghonweni wepiloatlhogwa mfundi ekuqalaneni nephasi. Ilimi sitlabagelo esiqakathekileko esingakha itjhebiswano elihlehlangana nabantu abasemphakathini la umfundi ahlala khona begodu ukutjengisa izwelo ekusetjenziswenikwelimi kungaveza ipumelelo nanyana ukubhalelwa kobudlelwana bokuthintana hlangana nabantu.


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IMIPHUMELA YOKUFUNDA

Ukunaba nomnqopho osele ukhulunywe wavezwa ngehla uhlanganiswe waba miPhumela yokuFunda emine.Nanyana leyo miphumela erhenyiswe ngokuhlukaniswa kufanele ihlanganiswe nakufundiswako nanyanakuhlolwa abafundi.

UmPhumela WokuFunda 1: Ukulalela nokukhuluma

Umfundi ukghona ukulalela nokukhuluma ngokweminqopho, abamukelilwazi nobujamo obuhlukahlukeneko.

Abafundi bayazwisisa bona ukukhuluma nokulalela ziindlela zokuthintana ezenzeka ebujameni obuthilekongokweminqopho nabamukelilwazi abahlukahlukeneko begodunamatheksti womlomo namagamaasetjenziswako ahlukahlukana ngokunjalo. Bamukela bebasebenzise namatheksti womlomo afanelekonamagama ahlukahlukeneko emajameni ahlelekileko nangakahleleki.

Ukulalela nokukhuluma kuzizinto eziqakathekileko ekufundeni zoke iimfundo. Ngokusebenzisa amakghonoanesithintela esihle ekulaleleni nekukhulumeni, abafundi bakghona ukubuthelela nokuhlanganisa kuhle ilwazi,babumbe ilwazi, bararulule imiraro, bakghone nokuveza imibonwabo nemiqondo abanayo. Amakghono amahlewokulalela enza abafundi bakwazi ukuhlukanisa amagugu nemikghwa emihle engaphakathi kweentlhanywabagcine bakghona ukuphikisana nobuhlangothi nelimi lokwenza umuntu akholwe ngobugalatjani.

UmPhumela WokuFunda-2: Ukufunda nokubukela

Umfundi ukghona ukufunda nokubukela ukuze azwisise begodu ahlolisise ngelihlo elibukhali abaphenduleimihlobo eminengi yamatheksti ahlukahlukeneko.

Amakghono wokufunda nokulalela athuthukiswe kuhle, ayisika ekufundeni okuyipumelelo kiyo yokeikharikhyulamu kanye nokuzibandakanya ngokuzeleko emphakathini nemsebenzini. Abafundi bathuthukisaikghono lokufunda nokubukela emihlobeni ehlukahlukeneko yamatheksti atlolweko nangakatlolwa ngokufakanamatheksti abukelwako ukuze bathole ilwazi. Abafundi bakghona ukuhlukanisa indlela amatheksti namagamaatjengisa ngakhona umnqopho, abamukelilwazi nobujamo bemitlolo.

Abafundi basebenzisa amaqhinga ahlukahlukeneko wokufunda nokubukela kuye ngokobana umnqophabowokufunda ngiwuphi begodu nomhlobo womtlolo ngonjani. Bakha izinto ezizwakalako ngokuzisuselaemathekstini, bahlukanise imithetho emihle, ukuthatha izinto ngokungazi bagcine baziphendulela ngelihloelibukhali. Ngokufunda nokubukela, abafundi babuye bangenelele bebatjengise ubudlelwana bokuthintanangokwabo kanye nalokho kwabanye. Ukufunda amatheksti atlolweko kunikela abafundi iimbonelo ezihlengokutlola kwabo.

UmPhumela WokuFunda 3: Ukutlola nokwethula

Umfundi ukghona ukutlola nokwethula ngokweminqopho eminengi ehlukahlukeneko nabamukelilwazingobunengi asebenzise imithetjhwana namabumbeko afaneleko ebujameni obuhlukahlukeneko.

Ukutlola sisetjenziswa esinamandla sokuthintana esenza abafundi bakghone ukubumba bakhulumeimiqondwabo nemibonwabo ngokuhlelekileko. Ukuzijayeza ukutlola ngaso soke isikhathi ngokwamajamowoke ahlukahlukeneko, imisebenzi neenkundla zeemfundo kwenza abafundi bakwazi ukuthintanangokuzwakalako nokuzicabangela. Umnqopho kuveza ubukghoni nabatloli abanekghono elidephilekoabazakusebenzisa amakghonwabo ukuze bathuthukise amatheksti atlolwako, abukelwako nalawo aziinrhatjhiamihlobohlobo ngeminqopho ehlukahlukeneko.

UmPhumela wokuFunda 4: Ihlelo nokusetjenziswa kwelimi

Umfundi ukghona ukusebenzisa izakhi zelimi nemithetjhwana ngendlela efaneleko nangepumelelo.

Ngokusebenzisa imihlobo ehlukahlukeneko yamatheksti, abafundi bakghona ukunabisa ukusetjenziswakwelwazi-magama nokulisebenzisa ngokuzwisisa, nangendlela efaneleko yokwakheka kwelimi. Bathuthukisaiyelelo lelihlo elibukhali lamagugu nobudlelwana bamandla obumumethwe lilimi kanye nendlela ilimi lingabanesithintela ngayo kwabanye.


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ISAHLUKO 3

IMIPHUMELA YOKUFUNDA, AMAZINGA WOKUHLOLA,OKUMUMETHWEKO NOBUJAMO

AmaZinga WokuHlola

Ngilokhu esikwaziko nangabe umfundiukghona uku-:UmPhumela WokuFunda 1

Ukulalela nokukhuluma

Umfundi ukghona ukulalela nokukhulumangokweminqopho, abamukelilwazi nobujamoobuhlukahlukeneko.

■ tjengisa ilwazi leeendlela ezihlukahlukenekozokukhuluma ezisetjenziselwa ukuthintananabanye:

• funda nokubonisana ngemicabango kanyenemiqondo-magama, atshwaye ngamaboni,avikele umbonwakhe, aphenduleangakazilungiseli abe acoce nendatjana;

• thoma abe enze ikulumiswano iragelephambili ngokuthuthukisa indlela yokobanailwazi lemithetjhwana yokudlhegana, lakuneenkhala khona azizalise abagcugcuzelela ngathi kubogaboga khona ngokufaneleko;

• nikela nokulandela iinkomba nemiyalongokunemba;

• hlanganyela ekulumiswaneni yeenqhemangokobana aveze imicabangonemibonwakhe nokulalela abahlonipheabanye ngesikhathi azibandakanye ezintweniezifana nokufakakoke ubudlelwanabamandla kanye nezebhoduluko,zokuziphatha, zokuhlalisana namasikokanye neendaba zamalungelo wobuntu;

• sebenzisa amakghono wokukhulumisanabekufinyelelwe esivumelwaneni;

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AmaZinga WokuHlola

Ngilokhu esikwaziko nangabe umfundiukghona uku-:

AmaZinga WokuHlola


■ tjengisa ilwazi leendlela ezihlukahlukenekozokukhuluma ezisetjenziselwa ukuthintananabanye:

• funda nokubonisana ngemicabango kanyenemiqondo-magama, atshwaye ngamaboniavikele umbonwakhe, aphenduleangakazilungiseli abe acoce nendatjana;

• thoma abe enze ingcoco iragele phambilingokuthuthukisa indlela yokobana ilwazilemithetjhwana yokudlhegana, lakuneenkhala khona azizalise abagcugcuzelela ngathi kubogaboga khona ngokufaneleko;

• nikela nokulandela iinkomba nemiyaloebudisi ngokunembako;

• hlanganyela ngepumelelo eengcocwenizeenqhema ngokobana aveze imicabango nemibonwakhe, alalele abe ahlonipheabanye, begodu akghone ukungena hlanganaukuze ahlalise kuhle umnqopho ngesikhathiazibandakanya ezintweni ezifananokufakakoke ubudlelwana bamandla kanyenezebhoduluko, zokuziphatha, zokuhlalisananamasiko kanye neendaba zamalungelowobuntu;


■ tjengisa ilwazi leendlela ezihlukahlukenekozokukhuluma ezisetjenziselwa ukuthintananabanye:• funda nokubonisana ngemicabango kanye

nemiqondo-magama, atshwaye ngamaboni avikele umbonwakhe aphenduleangakazilungiseli abe acoce nendatjana;

• thoma abe enze ingcoco iragele phambilingokuthuthukisa indlela yokobana ilwazilemithetjhwana yokudlhegana, lakuneenkhala khona azizalise abagcugcuzelela ngathi kubogaboga khona ngokufaneleko;

• nikela nokulandela iinkomba nemiyaloebudisi ngokunembako;

• hlanganyela ngepumelelo eengcocwenizeenqhema ngokobana aveze imicabangonemibonwakhe, alalele abe ahlonipheabanye, begodu akghone ukungena hlanganaukuze ahlalise kuhle umnqopho ngesikhathiazibandakanya ezintweni ezifananokufakakoke ubudlelwana bamandla kanyenebhoduluko, zokuziphatha, zokuhlalisananamasiko kanye neendaba zamalungelowobuntu;


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• zibandakanya eenqhemeni zokucocisana,kukulumo-pikiswano, kumaforamunemihlanganweni ehlelweko alandeleneenkomba ezifaneleko;

• thula isikhulumi ngokufanelekilekoabakghone nokwethula amagamawokuthokoza;

• sebenzisa amakghono wokubamba ama-inthaviyu abe abike ngalokhookufunyenweko.

AmaZinga WokuHlola


UmPhumela WokuFunda 1(Uragela phambili)



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• sebenzisa amakghono wokubamba ama-inthaviyu abe abike ngalokhookufunyenweko la kufanele khona.



• sebenzisa amakghono wokubamba ama-inthaviyu abe abike ngalokhookufunyenweko la kufanele khona.

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AmaZinga WokuHlola


AmaZinga WokuHlola


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■ tjengisa amakghono wokuhlela nokurhubhululaukuze athule ngomlomo:

• rhubhulula isihloko ngokuqalisa emihlotjeniehlukahlukaneko yemithombo yelwazi;

• hlela amametheriyali namkha iintlabagelongokukhambelanisa imicabango ngendlelayokukhetha imibono eqakathekilekonemininingwana efaneleko nanyanaiimbonelo zokusekela;

• lemuka abakhethe amabumbeko, ilwazi-magama nezakhi zelimi nemithetjhwanaefaneleko;

• lungisa iingeniso neemphethoezinesithintela;

• faka iinsetjenziswa ezifanelekoezibukelwako, ezilalelwako namkhaezilalelwa bezibukelwe njengamatjhadi,amaphostara, iinthombe, umbhino,amatjhada neensetjenziswa ze-elektronigi.

AmaZinga WokuHlola





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• rhubhulula isihloko ngokuqalisa emihlotjeniehlukahlukaneko yemithombo yelwazi;

• hlela amamatheriyali namkha iintlabagelongokukhambelanisa imicabango ngendlelayokukhetha imibono eqakathekilekonemininingwana efaneleko nenembonanyana iimbonelo zokusekela;

• lemuka abakhethe amabumbeko, ilwazi-magama, nezakhi zelimi nemithetjhwanaefaneleko;


• faka iinsetjenziswa ezifanelekoezibukelwako, ezilalelwako namkhaezilalelwa bezibukelwe njengamatjhadi,amaphostara, iinthombe, amasilayidi,umbhino, imifanekiso, imidumoneensetjenziswa ze-elektronigi.


• rhubhulula isihloko ngokuqalisa emihlotjenieminengi yemithombo ehlukahlukanekoyelwazi;

• hlela amamatheriyali namkha intlabagelongokukhambelanisa imicabango ngendlelayokukhetha imibono eqakathekilekonemininingwana efaneleko nenenembonanyana iimbonelo zokusekela;

• lemuka abakhethe amabumbeko, ilwazi-magama, nezakhi zelimi nemithetjhwanaefaneleko;


• faka iinsetjenziswa ezifanelekoezibukelwako, ezilalelwako, namkhaezilalelwa bezibukelwe njengamatjhadi,amaphostara, iinthombe, amasilayidi,umbhino, imifanekiso, imidumoneensetjenziswa ze-elektronigi.

AmaZinga WokuHlola


AmaZinga WokuHlola


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■ tjengisa amakghono wokulalela nokwethulaikulumo yomlomo ngendlela etjhelelako nevezaimizwa:

• lemuka nokusebenzisa amaqhinga wekulumoenza umuntu alandele lokho okutjhokookufana nemibuzo eziphendulako,iimphumuzi namabuyelelo;

• sebenzisa iphimbo, ukuphimisekakwephimbo, ibelo, ukuthintana ngamehlo,ubujamo bomzimba kanye nokukhulumangokusebenzisa izitho zomzimbangokulungileko bekaphendule ngendlelaefaneleko;

• phimisa amagama ngaphandle kokuwenzaalahle umqondo;

• tjengisa ukuzwisisa amatheksti womlomongokobana arekhode imiqondoeqakathekileko begodu/nanyana ukusekelaimibono ngendlela yokuyitlola phasi, atjhejenerherho lemininingwana, amasamari,ukubeka ngawakhe amagamabegodu/nanyana ngokukhulumaabahlathulule;

• lalela ngokuhlolisisa abakghonenokuphendula imibuzo ukuze kucaciseleke.

AmaZinga WokuHlola





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■ tjengisa amakghono wokulalela nokwethulaikulumo yomlomo ngendlela etjhelelako nevezaimizwa:

• sebenzisa nokuhlola amaqhinga wekulumoenza umuntu alandele lokho okutjhokookufana neendatjana ezimnandi, imibuzoeziphendulako, iimphumuzi namabuyelelo;



• tjengisa ukuzwisisa amatheksti womlomongokobana arekhode imiqondoeqakathekileko nanyana esekelakongendlela yokuyitlola phasi, atjheje irherholemininingwana, amasamari, kanyenokubeka ngawakhe amagamabegodu/nanyana ngokukhuluma begoduahlathulule;


■ tjengisa amakghono wokulalela nokwethulaikulumo yomlomo ngendlela etjhelelako neve-za imizwa:

• sebenzisa nokuhlola amaqhinga wekulumoenza umuntu alandele lokho okutjhokookufana neendatjana ezimnandi, imibuzoeziphendulako, iimphumuzi namabuyelelo;



• tjengisa ukuzwisisa amatheksti womlomongokobana arekhode imiqondoeqakathekileko nanyana esekelako ngendlelayokuyitlola phasi, atjheje irherholemininingwana, amasamari, kanyenokubeka ngawakhe amagamabegodu/nanyana ngokukhuluma begoduahlathulule;


AmaZinga WokuHlola


AmaZinga WokuHlola


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■ tjengisa iyelelo lelihlo elibukhalilokusetjenziswa kwelimi ebujamenibokukhuluma ngomlomo:

• sebenzisa abahlolisise isitayela nerejistaefaneleko ukwanelisa umnqopho,abamukelilwazi nobujamo;

• lemuka abahlathulule imehluko yelimingokuzwisisa nokukareka okukhulako;

• lemuka bekasebenzise amaqhingaahlukahlukeneko wokukholisa;

• lemuka amaphuzu asekela imibono nezintoezicatjangwako abuye ahlukanise phakathikwamaqiniso nemibono;

• yenza isiqunto nokwahlulela abasekele lokhongokunikela ubufakazi;

• lemuka bonyana ihlathululo ingagotjaniswanjani ngokobana kukhona okungezwenanyana okukhutjhwe elwazini elithileko;

• lemuka abahlathulule iinthintela ezibangwaziindlela ezahlukeneko zokusetjenziswakwelimi njengelimi lobutheknikhalinejagoni;

• lemuka ubudlelwana obukhona hlangananelimi namasiko kanye nelimi namandla;

• lemuka abe ajamelane nelimi elithintaimizwa nelokudlelezela, ubuhlangothi,ukungathandi abantu nezinto ezithilekongaphandle kweenzathu neenkoleloezinganabufakazi obucacileko njengalezoezitholakala kuphrophagandanemikhangisweni.

AmaZinga WokuHlola





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AmaZinga WokuHlola


AmaZinga WokuHlola




• lemuka abahlathulule imehluko yelimingokuzwisisa nokukareka;

• lemuka bekasebenzise amaqhinga amanengiahlukahlukeneko wokukholisa;

• hlola amaphuzu asekela imibono nezintoezicatjangwako abuye ahlukanise phakathikwamaqiniso nemibono;

• yenza isinqunto nokwahlulela abasekelelokho ngokunikela ubufakazi;

• hlathulula bonyana ihlathululoingagotjaniswa njani ngokobana kukhonaokungezwe nanyana okukhutjhwe elwazinielithileko;

• lemuka abahlathulule iinthintela ezibangwaziindlela ezahlukeneko zokusetjenziswakwelimi njengelimi lobutheknikhalinejagoni;

• hlola ubudlelwana obukhona hlangananelimi namasiko kanye nelimi namandla;

• lemuka abajamelane nelimi elithinta imizwanelokudlelezela, ubuhlangothi, ukungathandiabantu nezinto ezithileko ngaphandlekweenzathu neenkolelo ezinganabufakaziobucacileko njengalezo ezitholakalakuphrophaganda nemikhangisweni.



• lemuka abahlathulule imehluko yelimingokuzwisisa nokukareka;

• lemuka bekasebenzise amaqhinga amanengiahlukahlukene wokukholisa;

• hlola amaphuzu asekela imibono nezintoezicatjangwako abuye ahlukanise phakathikwamaqiniso nemibono;

• yenza isinqunto nokwahlulela abasekelelokho ngokunikela ubufakazi;

• hlathulula bonyana ihlathululoingagotjaniswa njani ngokobana kukhonaokungezwe nanyana okukhutjhwe elwazinielithileko;

• lemuka abahlaziye iinthintela ezibangwaziindlela ezahlukeneko zokusetjenziswakwelimi njengelimi lobutheknikhalinejagoni;

• hlolisisa ubudlelwana obukhona hlangananelimi namasiko kanye nelimi namandla;

• lemuka abajamelane nelimi elithinta imizwanelokudlelezela, ubuhlangothi,ukungathandi abantu nezinto ezithilekongaphandle kweenzathu neenkoleloezinganabufakazi obucacileko njengalezoezitholakala kuphrophagandanemikhangisweni.

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■ tjengisa amaqhinga ahlukahlukeneko wokufundanokubukela ukuze azwisise ababe nekareko:• buza imibuzo khona azokubonela

ngaphambili;• skima amatheksti ukuze alemuke imiqondo

eqakathekileko ngokufunda njeiinhlokwana, iingeniso, amapharagrafuwokuthoma kanye nemitjho yokuthomayamapharagrafu;

• sikena amatheksti ukuze atholeimininingwana ethileko;

• funda ngokutjhelelako nangengqondoepheleleko ngokomnqopho nomsebenziothileko;

• rhunyeza imiqondo eqakathekilekonesekelako ngokusebenzisa amaphuzukanye/nanyana iingaba;

• enza iinqunto zehlathululo yamagamaangakajayeleki nanyana imifanekisoemajameni akhethweko ngokusebenzisailwazi lehlelo, amakghono wokuhlelaukufunda nokuphinyiswa kwamalungawamagama lokha nakufundwako, imileyoevezwa bujamo, imidumo, imibala, ibunjo,ukubekwa nokusebenzisa imizwa;

• buyelela afunde, abuyekeze ukuzeathuthukise ukuzwisisa.

UmPhumela WokuFunda 2

Ukufunda nokubukela

Umfundi ukghona ukufunda nokubukela ukuzeazwisise begodu ahlolisise ngelihlo elibukhaliabaphendule imihlobo eminengi yamathekstiahlukahlukeneko.

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■ tjengisa amaqhinga ahlukahlukeneko wokufundanokubukela ukuze azwisise ababe nekareko: • buza imibuzo khona azokubonela

ngaphambili;• skima amatheksti ukuze alemuke imiqondo

eqakathekileko ngokufunda njeiinhlokwana, iingeniso, amapharagrafuwokuthoma kanye nemitjho yokuthomayamapharagrafu;

• sikena amatheksti ukuze atholeimininingwana yokusekela;



• yenza iinqunto zehlathululo yamagamaangakajayeleki nanyana imifanekisoemajameni ahlukahlukeneko ngokusebenzisailwazi lehlelo, amakghono wokuhlelaukufunda nokuphinyiswa kwamalungawamagama lokha nakufundwako, imileyoevezwa bujamo, imidumo, imibala, ibunjo,ukubekwa nokusebenzisa imizwa;


■ tjengisa amaqhinga ahlukahlukeneko wokufundanokubukela ukuze azwisise ababe nekareko: • buza imibuzo khona azokubonela

ngaphambili;• skima amatheksti ukuze alemuke ahlukanise

imiqondo eqakathekileko ngokufunda njeiinhlokwana, iingeniso, amapharagrafuwokuthoma kanye nemitjho yokuthomayamapharagrafu;

• sikena amatheksti ukuze atholeimininingwana yokusekela;



• yenza iinqunto zehlathululo yamagamaangakajayeleki nanyana imifanekisoemajameni ahlukahlukeneko ngokusebenzisailwazi lehlelo, amakghono wokuhlelaukufunda nokuphinyiswa kwamalungawamagama lokha nakufundwako, imileyoevezwa bujamo, imidumo, umbala, ibunjoukubekwa kanye nokusebenzisa imizwa;


AmaZinga WokuHlola


AmaZinga WokuHlola


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■ hlathulula imihlobo eminengi ehlukahlukenekoyamatheksti atlolweko, abukelwako, alalelwakonalalelwa bekabukelwe:• thola ilwazi nemimininingwana efaneleko

emathekstini; • hlathulula bona ukukhetha nokutjhiya

okuthileko emathekstini kungazithintabunjani iinhlathululo;

• hlukanisa hlangana namaqiniso nemibonobese unikela yakhe ipendulo;

• lemuka umehluko hlangana nehlathululoenqophileko nengakanqophi;

• hlathulula umbono womtloli/womcoci/umlingisi bese unikela ubufakazi bokusekelangokubukhupha emathekstini;

• hlathulula ingemuva lethekstingokwepolotiki kanye nangokwamasiko;

• tsenga isithintela samaqhinga ahlukahlukenekoanjengemfenqo, amaqhinga enza umuntualandele lokho okutjhoko nobuthakghanjengerhwala, isifaniso, isenza-muntu,itshwayo, imethonimi, ukudlala ngamagamanamkha ipuni, isigejo-kulumo, ihayiphabholi,ukumadanisa, itshimo, izenzelo, ukuziphikisa,umqondo-silanduli kanye nerhobho-ndabakilokho okutjhiwo yitheksti;

• hlathulula iinqunto neemphetho zomtlolibese uzimadanisa nezakhe;

• rhumutjha abe ahlole amathekstiajayelekileko nalawo aziinthombenadwetjiweko;

• nikela nokusekela iimpendulo ekungezakhengamatheksti.


Ukufunda nokubukela


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■ hlolisisa ihlathululo emathekstiniahlukahlukeneko atlolweko, abukelwako,alalelwako nalalelwa bekabukelwe: • thola ilwazi nemininingwana efaneleko

emathekstini; • tsenga ngokukhetha nokutjhiya okuthileko

emathekstini nokuthi kungazithinta bunjaniiinhlathululo;

• hlukanisa hlangana namaqiniso nemibonobese unikela yakhe ipendulo;

• hlathulula umehluko hlangana nehlathululoenqophileko nengakanqophi;

• hlathulula umbono womtloli/womcoci/umlingisi bese unikela ubufakazi bokusekela ngokubukhupha emathekstini;

• tsenga abahlathulule ingemuva lethekstingokwepolotiki kanye nokwamasiko;

• tsenga isithintela samaqhinga ahlukahlukenekoanjengeemfenqo, amaqhinga enza umuntualandele lokho okutjhoko nobuthakghanjengerhwala, itshwayo, ukudlala ngamagamanamkha ipuni, isigejo-kulumo, ihayiphabholi,isifaniso, itshimo, izenzelo, ukuziphikisa,umqondo-silanduli kanye nerhobho-ndabakilokho okutjhiwo matheksti;

• hlolisisa iinqunto neemphetho zomtloli beseuzimadanisa nezakhe;

• rhumutjha abe ahlole amatheksti ajayelekilekoahlukahlukeneko nalawo aziinthombenadwetjiweko;

• nikela nokusekela iimpendulo ekungezakhengamatheksti akholwekako.

■ hlolisisa ihlathululo emathekstiniahlukahlukeneko atlolweko, abukelwako,alalelwako nalalelwa bekabukelwe:• thola ilwazi nemininingwana efaneleko

emathekstini; • tsenga ngokukhetha nokutjhiya okuthileko

emathekstini nokuthi kungazithinta bunjaniiinhlathululo;

• hlukanisa hlangana neqiniso nombono beseunikela yakhe ipendulo;

• hlathulula umehluko hlangana nehlathululoenqophileko nengakanqophi;

• tsenga umbono womtloli/womcoci/umlingisibese unikela ubufakazi bokusekela obuzwakalako ngokubukhupha emathekstini;

• tsenga abahlathulule ingemuva lethekstingokwepolotiki kanye nokwamasiko;

• tsenga isithintela samaqhingaahlukahlukeneko anjengeemfenqo,amaqhinga enza umuntu alandele lokhookutjhoko nobuthakgha njengerhwala,itshwayo, ukudlala ngamagama namkhaipuni, isigejo-kulumo, ihayiphabholi,isifaniso, itshimo, izenzelo, ukuziphikisa,umqondo-silanduli kanye nerhobho-ndabakilokho okutjhiwo matheksti;

• hlolisisa iinqunto neemphetho zomtloli beseuzimadanisa nezakhe;

• rhumutjha nokuhlola abe ahlole amathekstiajayelekileko ahlukahlukeneko nalawoaziinthombe nadwetjiweko;

• nikela nokusekela iimpendulo ekungezakhengamatheksti akholwekako.

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AmaZinga WokuHlola


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■ lemuka indlela ilimi neemfaniso ezingakghonangayo ukuveza nokubumba amagugu nomoyaemathekstini:• lemuka nokuhlathulula amagugu, umoya

neenkolelo ngokwezokuhlalisanangokwamasiko nezepolitiki, ezifananezobulili, isigaba sepilo, ubudala,ubudlelwana bamandla, amalungelo wobuntuukuphelelisa kanye neendaba zebhodulukoemathekstini;

• hlathulula okuphathelene nobuhlangothi,ukungathandi abantu nezinto ezithilekokanye nokubandlulula emathekstini.


Ukufunda nokubukela


AmaZinga WokuHlola


IBanga 10

B


31

■ hlolisisa indlela ilimi neemfaniso ezingakghonangayo ukuveza nokubumba amagugu nomoyaemathekstini:• hlolisisa amagugu, umoya neenkolelo

ngokwezokuhlalisana ngokwamasikonezepolitiki, ezifana nezobulili, isigabasepilo, ubudala, ubudlelwana bamandla,amalungelo wobuntu, ukufaka kokeneendaba zebhoduluko emathekstini;

• tsenga ubunjalo bobuhlangothi,ukungathandi abantu nezinto ezithilekokanye nokubandlulula emathekstini.

■ hlolisisa indlela ilimi neemfaniso ezingakghonangayo ukuveza nokubumba amagugu nomoyaemathekstini: • hlolisisa amagugu, umoya neenkolelo

ngokwezokuhlalisana ngokwamasikonezepolitiki, ezifana nezobulili, isigabasepilo, ubudala, ubudlelwana bamandla,amalungelo wobuntu, ukufaka kokeneendaba zebhoduluko emathekstini;

• tsenga ubunjalo bobuhlangothi,ukungathandi abantu nezinto ezithilekokanye nokubandlulula emathekstini kanyenendlela ekuba nesithintela ngayoeenhlathululweni.

AmaZinga WokuHlola


AmaZinga WokuHlola


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■ hlola amatshwayo aqakathekileko wamathekstiabahlathulule bona asiza bunjani ehlathululweni(lamatshwayo akukafuzi asetjenziswe wodwangeqadi):

* amatheksti wokuthintana nawokuzitlamela: • lemuka nokuhlathulula umnqopho,

ukubumbeka nokusetjenziswa kwelimiemathekstini wekharikhyulamunjengamaripothi, ikambiso yokwenzaizinto, ukucoca godu, ukuhlathulula,ukuveza okuthileko nokutlhadlhula;

• lemuka abahlathulule isithintelasamaqhinga njengokusebenzisa imihloboethileko nobukhulu bamalederewekhomphyutha; iinhlokoneenhlokwana.

* amatheksti atlolweko:

amanoveli, iindatjana, ubucikobomlomo/iinganekwana nama-eseyi amafitjhani:• hlathulula ukukhula kwesakhiwo,

isakhiwana, irarano, umlingisi kanyenendima yomdembi la kufanele khona;

• lemuka abahlathulule imilayezonemimongo-ndaba bese uyimadanisaneengatjana ezikhethwe emtlolweni wokeuphelele;

• hlathulula bonyana ingemuva nesizindakunetjhebiswano bunjani nomlingisikanye/nanyana ummongo-ndaba;

• lemuka umoya, ukulamana kwezehlakalongokwesikhathi, ukutjhuguluka kwalokhobekulindelekileko neemphetho.


Ukufunda nokubukela


AmaZinga WokuHlola


IBanga 10

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33


* amatheksti wokuthintana nawokuzitlamela:• lemuka nokuhlathulula umnqopho,

ukubumbeka nokusetjenziswa kwelimiemathekstini wekharikhyulamunjengamariphothi, ikambiso yokwenzaizinto, ukucoca godu, ukuhlathulula,ukuveza okuthileko nokutlhadlhula;

• lemuka abahlolisise isithintelasamaqhinga njengokusebenzisa imihloboethileko nobukhulu bamalederewekhomphyutha, iinhloko neenhlokwana.


amanovela, iindatjana, ubuciko bomlomo/iinganekwana nama-eseyi amafitjhani:• tsenga ukukhula kwesakhiwo,


• rhumutjha nokutsenga imilayezonemimongo-ndaba;

• hlolisisa bonyana ingemuva nesizindakunetjhebiswano bunjani nomlingisikanye/nanyana ummongo-ndaba;

• rhumutjha umoya, ukulamanakwezehlakalo ngokwesikhathi,ukutjhuguluka kwalokhobekulindelekileko neemphetho.


* amatheksti wokuthintana nawokuzitlamela:• lemuka nokuhlathulula umnqopho,

ukubumbeka nokusetjenziswa kwelimiemathekstini wekharikhyulamunjengamaripothi, ikambiso yokwenzaizinto, ukucoca godu, ukuhlathulula,ukuveza okuthileko nokutlhandlhula;

• lemuka abahlolisise isithintelasamaqhinga njengokusebenzisa imihloboethileko nobukhulu bamalederewekhomphyutha, iinhloko neenhlokwana.


amanovela, iindatjana, ubuciko bomlomo/iinganekwana nama-eseyi amafitjhani:• tsenga ukukhula kwesakhiwo,


• rhumutjha nokutsenga imilayezonemimongo-ndaba;

• hlolisisa bonyana ingemuva nesizindazinetjhebiswano bunjani nomlingisikanye/nanyana ummongo-ndaba;

• rhumutjha umoya, ukulamanakwezehlakalo ngokwesikhathi,ukutjhuguluka kwalokhobekulindelekileko neemphetho.

AmaZinga WokuHlola


AmaZinga WokuHlola


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iinkondlo (kufaka hlangana iimbongo): • hlathulula bona ukukhethwa

kwamagama, iinthombengqondo,amaqhinga wetjhada awuthinta njaniumoya, ihlathululo nommongo-ndaba;

• hlathulula bonyana isakhiwo somudanendima, ivumelwano, igido,namatshwayo wokutlola ayithintela njaniihlathululo.

umdlalo nokufundwa kwezamfilimu: • hlathulula itjhebiswano elikhona

hlangana nekulumo-pendulwanonesenzeko kanye nabalingisi nommongo-ndaba;

• hlathulula isakhiwo, isakhiwana,ukuvezwa kwabalingisi, iraranonomnqopho womdlalo;

• lemuka isakhiwo somdlalo abearhumutjhe neendlela abalingisiabazokwenza ngayo izinto esiteji.


Ukufunda nokubukela


AmaZinga WokuHlola


IBanga 10

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35



• hlathulula bona isakhiwo somudanendima, ivumelwano, igido,namatshwayo wokutlola ayithintela njaniihlathulo.

umdlalo nokufundwa kwezamafilimu: • tsenga ikulumo-pendulwano nesenzeko

kanye nobudlelwano bomlingisinommongo-ndaba;

• hlolisisa isakhiwo, isakhiwana,ukuvezwa kwabalingisi, irarano,umnqopho womdlalo kanye netshimo;

• rhumutjha bekahlathulule isakhiwosomdlalo neendlela abalingisiabazokwenza ngayo izinto esiteji.



• hlathulula bona isakhiwo somudanendima, ivumelwano, igido,namatshwayo wokutlola ayithintela njaniihlathulo.

umdlalo nokufundwa kwezamafilimu: • tsenga ikulumo-pendulwano nesenzeko

kanye nobudlelwano bomlingisinommongo-ndaba;

• hlolisisa isakhiwo, isakhiwana,ukuvezwa kwabalingisi, irarano,umnqopho womdlalo kanye netshimo;

• rhumutjha ahlathulule bekahloleisakhiwo somdlalo neendlela abalingisiabazokwenza ngayo izinto esiteji.

AmaZinga WokuHlola


AmaZinga WokuHlola


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* amatheksti abukelwako nalalelwako nalawoasebenzisa iindlela ezahlukahlukenekozokuthintana:ukufundwa kwezamafilimu, umdlalowethelevitjhini newomrhatjho:• lemuka nokuhlathulula umlayezo

nommongo-ndaba nokobana zisiza njaniethekstini;

• hlathulula ukusetjenziswa kwamaqhingawokubukelwako, okulalelwako nalokhookulalelwa bekubukelwenjengokusetjenziswa kombala,isihlokwana, ukwakheka, ikulumo-pendulwano, umbhino, indlelayokuthatha isithombe, itjhada,ukukhanyisa, ukuhlela, ukufrema,amaqhinga wokusetjenziswakwekhemere, ukukhamba khanjiswakwekhemere, ukutjhideza eduzenokutjhidisela kude.


Ukubukela nokufunda


AmaZinga WokuHlola


IBanga 10

B


37

* amatheksti abukelwako nalalelwako nalawoasebenzisa iindlela ezahlukahlukenekozokuthintana: ukufundwa kwezamafilimu, umdlalowethelevitjhini newomrhatjho:• lemuka nokutsenga umlayezo

nommongo-ndaba nokobana zisiza njaniemathekstini;

• hlolisisa isithintela salokhookubukelwako, okulalelwako,nokulalelwa bekubukelwenjengokusetjenziswa kombala,isihlokwana, ukwakhekha, ikulumo-pendulwano, umbhino, itjhada,ukukhanyisa, ukuhlela, ukufrema,amaqhinga wokuthatha isithombe,amaqhinga wokusetjenziswakwekhemere, ukukhamba khanjiswakwekhemere, ukutjhideza eduzenokutjhidisela kude.

* amatheksti abukelwako nalalelwako nalawoasebenzisa iindlela ezahlukahlukenekozokuthintana:ukufundwa kwezamafilimu, umdlalowethelevitjhini newomrhatjho:• lemuka nokutsenga umlayezo

nommongo-ndaba kanye nokobanazihlanganiswe njani kiyo yoke imileyoyetheksti;

• hlolisisa isithintela salokhookubukelwako, okulalelwakonokulalelwa bekubukelwenjengokusetjenziswa kombala,isihlokwana, ukwakhekha, ikulumo-pendulwano, umbhino, itjhada,ukukhanyisa, ukuhlela, ukufrema,amaqhinga wokuthatha isithombe,amaqhinga wokusetjenziswakwekhemere, ukukhamba khanjiswakwekhemere, ukutjhideza eduzenokutjhidisela kude.

AmaZinga WokuHlola


AmaZinga WokuHlola


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38

■ tjengisa amakghono wokutlama nakatlolelaumnqopho okhethekileko, abamukelilwazinobujamo obuthileko:• hlathulula iimfuneko zemisebenzi

ehlukeneko;• lemuka abamukelilwazi abafaneleko

nomnqopho othileko njengokudemba,ukuthabisa, ukuncenga, ukuphikisana,ukuhlathulula, ukwazisa, ukutsenga,ukutlhadlhula, ukwenzisa abantu lokhookuthandako;

• lemuka nokuhlathulula imihloboehlukahlukeneko yamatheksti efuzeukukhutjhwa njengewokuzicabangela,wokunikela ilwazi, wokuzitlamela,wokuthintana nalawo asebenzisa iindlelaezahlukahlukeneko zokuthintana;

• thatha isiqunto abasebenzise isitayela,ihlangothi lomcoci, kanye namabumbekowamatheksti afaneleko;

• rhubhulula iinhloko ezivela emithonjeniehlukahlukeneko yelwazi abe atloleakufumeneko;

• fumana, afinyelele, akhethe, ahlele abeahlanganise ilwazi elifaneleko elivelaemithonjeni ehlukahlukeneko yelwazi;

• tjhugulula ilwazi elikhethiweko alisusekomunye umhlobo alise komunyenjengokulisusa kugrafu alivezengokulihlathulula ngepharagrafu;


Ukutlola nokwethula

Umfundi ukghona ukutlola nokwethulangokweminqopho eminengi ehlukahlukenekonabamukelilwazi ngobunengi asebenziseimithetjhwana namabumbeko afaneleko ebujameniobuhlukahlukeneko.

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■ tjengisa amakghono wokutlama nakatlolelaumnqopho okhethekileko, abamukelilwazinobujamo obuthileko:• hlathulula iimfuneko zemisebenzi esezingeni

elithuthukileko;• lemuka abamukelilwazi abafaneleko

nomnqopho othileko njengokudemba,ukuthabisa, ukuncenga, ukunghanghisana,ukuhlathulula, ukwazisa, ukutsenga,ukutlhadlhula, ukwenzisa abantu lokhookuthandako;

• lemuka nokuhlathulula imihloboehlukahlukeneko yamatheksti afuzeukukhutjhwa njengewokuzicabangela,ukunikela ilwazi, wokuzitlamela nalawoasebenzisa iindlela ezahlukahlukenekozokuthintana;

• thatha isiqunto nokusebenzisa isitayelaesifaneleko, ihlangothi lomcoci kanyenamabumbeko wamatheksti afaneleko;

• rhubhulula iinhloko ezivela emithonjeniehlukahlukeneko yelwazi abe atloleakufumeneko;

• fumana, afinyelele, akhethe, ahlele abeahlanganise ilwazi elifaneleko elivelaemithonjeni ehlukahlukeneko yelwazi;

• tjhugulula ilwazi elahlukahlukeneko alisusekomunye umhlobo womtlolo alise komunye,njengokulisusa kugrafu alivezengokulihlathulula ngepharagrafu;

■ tjengisa amakghono wokutlama nakatlolelaumnqopho okhethekileko, abamukelilwazinobujamo obuthileko:• hlathulula iimfuneko zemisebenzi esezingeni

elithuthukileko;• lemuka abamukelilwazi abafaneleko

nomnqopho othileko njengokudemba,ukuthabisa, ukuncenga, ukunghanghisana,ukuhlathulula, ukwazisa, ukutsenga,ukutlhadlhula, ukwenzisa abantu lokhookuthandako;

• lemuka nokuhlathulula imihloboehlukahlukeneko yamatheksti afuzeukukhutjhwa njengezokucabanga, ukunikelailwazi, wokuzitlamela, nalawo asebenzisaiindlela ezahlukahlukeneko zokuthintana;

• thatha isiqunto nokusebenzisa isitayela,ihlangothi lomcoci kanye namabumbekowamatheksti afaneleko;

• rhubhulula iinhloko ezivela emithonjeniehlukahlukeneko yelwazi abe atloleakufumeneko ngokunembileko;

• fumana, afinyelele, akhethe, ahlele abeahlanganise ilwazi elifaneleko elivelaemithonjeni eminengi ehlukahlukenekoyelwazi;

• tjhugulula ilwazi elinengi elahlukahlukenekoalisuse komunye umhlobo womtlolo alisekomunye njengokulisusa kugrafu alivezengokulihlathulula ngepharagrafu;

AmaZinga WokuHlola


AmaZinga WokuHlola


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• bumba imicabango ekhambisanakoabayihlele ngokusebenzisa amaqhinganjengemimebhe yengqondo, imifanekiso,amarherho wamagama aqakathekileko,namatjhadi wokulamana kwezenzeko;

• sebenzisa okubukelwakonokubunjweko/nokudwetjwekonokukhethwe ngokufaneleko.


Ukutlola nokwethula


AmaZinga WokuHlola


IBanga 10

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41

• bumba imicabango ekhambisanakoabayihlele ngokusebenzisa amaqhingaanjengemimebhe yengqondo, imifanekiso,amarherho wamagama aqakathekileko,namatjhadi wokulamana kwezenzeko;

• sebenzisa okuhlukahlukenekookubukelwako, okubunjwekonokudwetjweko/nokukhethwengokufaneleko.

• bumba imicabango ekhambisanakoabayihlele ngokusebenzisa amaqhinganjengemimebhe yengqondo, imifanekiso,amarherho wamagama aqakathekileko,namatjhadi wokulama kwezenzeke;

• sebenzisa okuhlukahlukeneko okunengiokubukelwako, okubunjwekonokudwetjwe/nokukhethwe ngokufaneleko.

AmaZinga WokuHlola


AmaZinga WokuHlola


IBanga 11 IBanga 12

B B


42

■ tjengisa ukusetjenziswa kwamaqhinga neendlelazokutlola imitlamo yokuthoma:• sebenzisa imibono eqakathekileko

nesekelako ethethwe egadangwenilokutlama;

• enza imizamo yokuveza amabumbekonesitayela ngokomnqopho wokutlama;

• khetha bewusebenzise amaqhingaakhethekileko, wokuveza isitayela nalawoenza umuntu alandele lokho okutjhokonjengelimi elizele iinthombengqondo,ukukhethwa kwamagama, ihlathululoezwakalako, ilizwi lomdembi nelimi,iphimbo, amatshwayo, umbala, ukujamiselanomdumo;

• sebenzisa imihlobo eminengi yemitjhonemitjho yobude nezakhiwoezahlukahlukeneko;

• sebenzisa imithetjhwana eyamukelekakoyokubumba iingatjana ukuqinisekisaukukhambelanisa ngokusebenzisa imitjhoeziinhlokwana zeengatjana, isingenisonesiphetho, ukulandelana kweengatjanangendlela ezwakalako, unobangelanesithintela, ukumadanisa kanyenokuhlukanisa;

• sebenzisa iinhlanganiso, iimvumelwano,izabizwana nezandiso ukuqinisekisa


Ukutlola nokwethula


AmaZinga WokuHlola


IBanga 10

B


43

■ tjengisa ukusetjenziswa kwamaqhinga neendlelazokutlola imitlamo yokuthoma:• sebenzisa imibono eqakathekileko



• khetha bewusebenzise amaqhingaahlukahlukeneko wokuveza isitayelanalawo enza umuntu alandele lokhookutjhoko njengelimi elizele iimfengqo,ukukhethwa kwamagama, ihlathululoezwakalako, ilizwi lomdembi nelimi,iphimbo, amatshwayo, umbala, ukujamiselanomdumo;

• sebenzisa imihlobo eminengi yemitjho,nemitjho ehluka ngobude nesakhiwongepumelelo;

• sebenzisa imithetjhwana eyamukelekakoyokubumba iingatjana ukuqinisekisaukukhambelanisa imicabangongokusebenzisa imitjho eziinhlokwana,isingeniso nesiphetho, ilandelanoleengatjana ngendlela ezwakalako,unobangela nesithintela, ukumadanisa kanyenokuhlukanisa;

• sebenzisa iinhlanganiso, iimvumelwano,izabizwana nezandiso ukuqinisekisaukuhlangana kwemicabango.

■ tjengisa ukusetjenziswa kwamaqhinga neendlelazokutlola imitlamo yokuthoma:• sebenzisa imibono eqakathekileko ngefanelo



• khetha bewusebenzise amaqhinga amanengiahlukahlukeneko wokuveza isitayela nalawoenza umuntu alandele lokho okutjhokonjengelimi elizele iimfengqo, ukukhethwakwamagama, ihlathululo ezwakalako, ilizwilomdembi nelimi, iphimbo, amatshwayo,umbala, ukujamisela nomdumo;

• sebenzisa imihlobo eminengi yemitjho,nemitjho ehluka ngobude nesakhiwongepumelelo;

• sebenzisa imithetjhwana eyamukelekakoyokubumba iingatjana ukuqinisekisaukukhambelanisa imicabangongokusebenzisa imitjho eziinhlokwana,eziingatjana, isingeniso nesiphetho,ilandelano leengatjana ngendlelaezwakalako, unobangela nesithintela,ukumadanisa kanye nokuhlukanisa;

• sebenzisa iinhlanganiso, iimvumelwano,izabizwana nezandiso ukuqinisekisaukuhlangana kwemicabango.

AmaZinga WokuHlola


AmaZinga WokuHlola


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44

ukuhlangana kwemicabango.■ buyelela atjheje, atsenge begodu ahlole

umsebenzakhe, atjheje nemibono yabanye, besewethula umkhiqizo wokugcina:• sebenzisa iinkomba zoke zokutsenga

umsebenzakhe otlolweko nowabanye ukuzeawenze ngcono;

• buyelela atjheje loke ibumbeko ukuze enzengcono ukukhambelanisa nokuhlanganakwemicabango;

• buyelela atjheje okumumethweko, isitayela,irejista kanye neenthintela ziwufaneleumnqopho, abamukelilwazi nobujamo;

• dzimelela emibonwenakhe ngokuzithembaokuya ngokukhula;

• tjhejisisa ukukhethwa kwamagama, isakhiwosemitjho neseengatjana, begodu aqedeubuhlathululo-nengi, ubumbelambela,ubunengi bamagama angafunekiko,isirhumutjha, ilimi elikhubekisako, ijagoninemalaphrophizimu engatlhogekiko;

• bonisa izwelo eendabeni zamalungelowobuntu nokuhlalisana, zamasiko,zebhoduluko nezokuziphatha njengobulili,umhlobo, ukurholophala, ubudala, izingalepilo, ubuchaka, iindlela zokuphila,indabuko yobuzwe, ikolelo, i-HIV ne-AIDSnamanye amalwelwe kanye neendabazephasi loke;

• lungisa umtlamo wokugcina ngokufundisisanangokulungisa iimphoso;

• nikela umkhiqizo wokugcina ayelele iindlelaezifaneleko zokwethula itheksti eqalekakonekarisako namkha amaphostara anemibala


Ukutlola nokwethula


AmaZinga WokuHlola


IBanga 10

B

emihle.


45

B B


46

■ buyelela atjheje, atsenge begodu ahloleumsebenzakhe, atjheje nemibono yabanye, besewethula umkhiqizo wokugcina:• sebenzisa iinkomba zoke zokutsenga

umsebenzakhe otlolweko nowabanye ukuzeawenze ngcono;

• tsenga ukukhambelana nokuhlanganakwemicabango esakhiweni sakhe;

• tjhejisisa bona okumumethweko, ilimi,amagama asebenza ebujameni obuthilekokanye neenthintela kuwufanele umnqopho,abamukelilwazi kanye nobujamo;

• dzimelela emazwinakhe, embonwenakhe,ehlangothini ngokuzithemba okuyangokukhula;

• tjhejisisa ukukhethwa kwamagama, imitjhonebumbeko leengatjana, begodu aqedeubuhlathululo-nengi, ubumbelambela,ubunengi bamagama angafunekiko,isirhumutjha, ilimi elikhubekisako, ijagoniengatlhogekiko kanye nemalaphrophizimu;

• tjengisa izwelo eendabeni zamalungelowobuntu nokuhlalisana, zamasiko,zebhoduluko nezokuziphatha njengobulili,umhlobo, ukurholophala, ubudala, izingalepilo, ubuchaka, iindlela zokuphila,indabuko yobuzwe, ikolelo, i-HIV ne-Aidskanye namanye amalwelwe neendabazephasi loke;


• nikela umkhiqizo wokugcina ayelele iindlelaezifaneleko zokwethula itheksti eqalekakonekarisako namkha amaphostara enemibalaemihle.

■ buyelela atjheje, atsenge begodu ahloleumsebenzakhe, atjheje nemibono yabanye, besewethula umkhiqizo wokugcina:• sebenzisa iinkomba zoke zokutsenga

umsebenzakhe otlolweko nowabanye ukuzeawenza ngcono;

• tsenga ukukhambelana nokuhlanganakwemicabango esakhiweni soke;

• hlolisisa bona okumumethweko, ilimi,amagama asebenza ebujameni obuthileko kanyenelimi elisetjenzisweko neenthintela kufaneleumnqopho, abamukelilwazi kanye nobujamo;

• dzimelela emazwinakhe nanyanaembonwenakhe, ehlangothiningokuzithemba okuya ngokukhula;

• tjhejisisa ukukhethwa kwamagama,isakhiwo semitjho neseengatjana, begoduaqede ubuhlathululo-nengi, ubumbelambela,ubunengi bamagama angafunekiko,isirhumutjha, ilimi elikhubekisako, ijagoniengatlhogekiko kanye nemalaphrophizimu;

• tjengisa izwelo eendabeni zamalungelowobuntu nokuhlalisana, zamasiko,zebhoduluko nezokuziphatha njengobulili,umhlobo, ukurholophala, ubudala, izinga,lepilo, ubuchaka, iindlela zokuphila,indabuko yobuzwe, ikolelo, i-HIV ne-Aidskanye namanye amalwelwe neendabazephasi loke;


• nikela umkhiqizo wokugcina ayelele iindlelaezifaneleko zokwethula itheksti eqalekakonekarisako namkha amaphostara anemibalaemihle.

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AmaZinga WokuHlola


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■ lemuka abanikele ihlathululo yamagamaabawasebenzise ngefanelo emathekstiniahlukahlukeneko: • sebenzisa ilwazi lamaphethini

ahlukahlukeneko wokupeleda, imithethonemithetjhwana ehlukahlukeneko begoduazakhele irherho lakhe lokupeleda amagama;

• sebenzisa iinrhunyezo nama-akhronimiajayelekileko;

• sebenzisa iinhlathululi-mezwi nethesarasingepumelelo ngokweminqophoehlukahlukeneko njengeenhlathululozamarhubhululo, indabuko yamagama,nepimiso;

• sebenzisa ilwazi lemirabhu, iinthomo,iinlungelelo, iinhlomelelo ukuze afumaneumqondo wamagama ahlukahlukeneko;

• sebenzisa ubulili, ubunengi kanyeneenciphiso ngendlela enenembo;

• sebenzisa iimphawulo nezandiso ngenembo;• lemuka abe ahlathulule bonyana amalimi

aboleka bunjani amagama kwamanyeamalimi, imiqondo yamagama itjhugulukanjani ngokukhamba kwesikhati nokuthiamagama amatjha akhiwa bunjani;


Ihlelo nokusetjenziswa kwelimi

Umfundi ukghona ukusebenzisa izakhi zeliminemithetjhwana ngendlela efanelekonangepumelelo.

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■ lemuka abanikele ihlathululo yamagamaabawasebenzise ngefanelo emathekstiniamanengi ahlukahlukeneko: • sebenzisa ilwazi lamaphethini

ahlukahlukeneko wokupeleda, imithethonemithetjhwana ehlukahlukeneko yamagamaamatjha nanyana amagama abudisiabazakhele lakhe irherho lokupeledaamagama;

• sebenzisa iinrhunyezo nama-akhronimiamanengi ahlukahlukeneko ngefanelo;

• sebenzisa iinhlathululi-mezwi nethesarasingepumelelo ngokweminqophoehlukahlukeneko njengeenhlathululozamarhubhululo, indabuko yamagama,nepimiso-magama;

• sebenzisa ilwazi lemirabhu, iinthomo,iinlungelelo, iinhlomelelo ukuze afumaneumqondo wamagama ahlukahlukeneko;



aboleka bunjani amagama kwamanyeamalimi, imiqondo yamagama itjhugulukanjani ngokukhamba kwesikhathi nokuthiamagama amatjha akhiwa bunjani;

■ lemuka abanikele ihlathululo yamagamaabawasebenzise ngefanelo emathekstiniamanengi ahlukahlukeneko: • sebenzisa ilwazi lamaphethini amanengi

ahlukahlukeneko wokupeleda, imithethonemithetjhwana ehlukahlukaneko yamagamaamatjha nanyana amagama abudisi abeazakhele lakhe irherho lokupeleda amagama;

• sebenzisa iinrhunyezo nama-akhronimiamanengi ahlukahlukeneko ngefanelo;

• sebenzisa iinhlathululi-mezwi nethesarasingepumelelo ngokweminqophoehlukahlukeneko njengeenhlathululozamarhubhululo, indabuko yamagama,nepimiso-magama;

• sebenzisa ilwazi lemirabhu, iinthomo,iinlungelelo, iinhlomelelo ukuze afumaneumqondo wamagama amanengiahlukahlukeneko;



aboleka bunjani amagama kwamanyeamalimi, imiqondo yamagama itjhugulukanjani ngokukhamba kwesikhathi nokuthiamagama amatjha akhiwa bunjani;

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AmaZinga WokuHlola


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• hlukanisa hlangana namagamaaneenhlathululo ezinengi lilinye (ipholisemi)nabomafana-peledwa abuye akghoneukuwasebenzisa ngokunemba okuthuthukakoemathekstini;

• sebenzisa amagama akhethiwekoamqondofana, amqondohluka, amapharoniminegama elilodwa esikhundleni sebinzana,ngendlela efaneleko.




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• hlukanisa hlangana namagamaaneenhlathululo ezinengi lilinye(ipholisemi) nabomafana-peledwa, abuyeakghone ukuwasebenzisa ngokunembaemathekstini;

• sebenzisa imihlobohlobo yamagamaamqondofana, amqondohluka,amapharonimi negama elilodwaesikhundleni sebinzana ngendlela efaneleko.

• hlukanisa hlangana namagamaaneenhlathululo ezinengi lilinye(ipholisemi) nabomafana-peledwa, abuyeakghone ukuwasebenzisa ngokunembaemathekstini;

• sebenzisa imihlobohlobo eminengiyamagama amaqondofana namqondohluka,amapharonimi negama elilodwaesikhundleni sebinzana ngendlela efaneleko.

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AmaZinga WokuHlola


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■ sebenzisa imitjho enezakhi ezifanelekongendlela ezwakalako netjengisa ukusetjenziswakwelimi kwangamalanga woke:• lemuka iingcezu nanyana iinkhekhe

zekulumo njengamabizo, izenzo, izabizwana,iinabiso, iinhlanganiso, iimphawulo,iimbaluli, iimbabazo, izenzukuthi, ubunikazinamkha ubunini, iinsiza-senzo, iimpambosineembanjalo abe akghone ukuzisebenzisangefanelo nangokuzwakalako;

• sebenzisa izakhiwo ezahlukeneko zezenzoneensiza-senzo ukuveza iinkhathi neendlelazesenzo;

• sebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneko zokuphikangenembo;

• sebenzisa ihloko, umenziwa nesilandisongefanelo abe ahlathulule nomsebenzi wazo;

• sebenzisa imitjho elula ngefanelo abe akheimitjho epandepande nemitjho evangilekongokusebenzisa imitjhwana ephelelekonemitjhwana engakapheleli kanyeneenhlanganiso;

• sebenzisa ipambosi yokwenzaneyokwenziwa ngomnqopho ofanelekononenembo;

• sebenzisa ikulumo enqophileko nekulumo-mbiko ngendlela efaneleko;

• hlela ukulandelana okufaneleko kwamagamaemtjhweni ngenembo elikhulako begoduazwisise bona ilandelano lamagama lingabanesithintela njani ehlathululweni;

• sebenzisa iimvumelwano ngendlela efaneleko;




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zekulumo njengamabizo, izenzo,izabizwana, iinhlanganiso, iimphawulo,iimbaluli, iimbabazo, izenzukuthi, ubunikazinamkha ubunini, iinsiza-senzo, iimpambosi,iinabiso neembanjalo abe azisebenzisengefanelo nangokuzwakalako emathekstini;

• sebenzisa izakhi ezahlukeneko zezenzoneensizasenzo ukuveza iinkhathi neendlelazesenzo;


• sebenzisa ihloko, umenziwa nesilandisongendlela efaneleko abe ahlathululenomsebenzazo;

• sebenzisa imitjho elula ngefanelo abe akheimitjho ezwakalako elula epandepandenemitjho evangileko ngokusebenzisaimitjhwana epheleleko nemitjhwanaengakapheleli kanye neenhlanganiso;

• sebenzisa ipambosi yokwenzaneyokwenziwa ngokufaneleko abe ahlaziyenomsebenzazo emathekstini;

• sebenzisa ikulumo enqophileko nekulumo-mbiko ngendlela efaneleko nangesithintelaesifunekako;

• hlela ukulandelana okufaneleko kwamagamaemtjhweni ngenembo elikhulako begoduazwisisise bona ilandelano lamagamalingaba nesithintela njani ehlathululweni;

• sebenzisa iimvumelwano ngenembo;


zekulumo njengamabizo, izenzo,izabizwana, iinhlanganiso, iimphawulo,iimbaluli, iimbabazo, izenzukuthi, ubunikazinamkha ubunini, iinsiza-senzo, iimpambosi,iinabiso neembanjalo abe azisebenzisengefanelo nangokuzwakalako emathekstini;

• sebenzisa izakhi ezahlukeneko zezenzoneensizasenzo ukuveza iinkhathi neendlelazesenzo;


• sebenzisa ihloko, umenziwa nesilandisongendlela efaneleko abe atsengenomsebenzazo;

• sebenzisa imitjho elula ngefanelo abe akhenemitjho epandepande nemitjho evangilekongokusebenzisa imitjhwana ephelelekonemitjhwana engakapheleli kanyeneenhlanganiso;

• sebenzisa ipambosi yokwenza neyokwenziwa ngokufaneleko ahlaziyenomsebenzazo emathekstini;

• sebenzisa ikulumo enqophileko nekulumo-mbiko ngendlela efaneleko nangesitinthelaesifunekako;

• hlela ukulandelana okufaneleko kwamagamaemtjhweni begodu ngenembo elikhulakobegodu azwisisise bona ilandelanolamagama lingaba njani ehlathululweni;

• sebenzisa iimvumelwano ngenembo;

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AmaZinga WokuHlola


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• sebenzisa amatshwayo wokufunda ngendlelaefaneleko nangeminqopho ethilekonjengokuveza ihlathululo, ukutjengisaubudlelwana bezakhi zelimi nokusetjenziswakwazo nokungeza umoya wokugandelela;

• sebenzisa ilimi elizele iimfengqo neenungonjengezitjho, izitjhwana nezaga ngendlelaefaneleko.




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• sebenzisa amatshwayo wokufunda ngendlelaefaneleko nangeminqopho ethilekonjengokuveza ihlathululo, ukutjengisaubudlelwana bezakhi zelimi nokusetjenziswakwazo nokungeza umoya wokugandelela;


• sebenzisa amatshwayo wokufunda ngendlelaefaneleko nangeminqopho ethilekonjengokuveza ihlathululo; ukutjengisaubudlelwana bezakhi zelimi nokusetjenziswakwazo nokungeza umoya wokugandelela;


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AmaZinga WokuHlola


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AmaZinga WokuHlola


■ thuthukisa ukuyeleliswa kokusetjenziswakwelimi:• lemuka umqondo obhamba, onqophileko,

kanye nongakanqophi;• lemuka ukuthi imilayezo efihlakeleko

nebhamba, amagugu nemikghwa zivezanjani ihlangothi lomethuli/umamukelilwazi/umfundi/umbukeli;

• lemuka abaphikisane nokuthatha ihlangothi,nokuba nomqondo ongatjhugulukiko, izwelomagama, elikholisako nelidlelezelako abeaveze nezinye iindlela zokukhuluma.

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AmaZinga WokuHlola


AmaZinga WokuHlola


■ thuthukisa ukuyeleliswa kokusetjenziswakwelimi:• lemuka umqondo obhamba, onqophileko,

kanye nongakanqophi;• tsenga abe ahlathulule imilayezo efihlakeleko

nebhamba, amagugu nemikghwa iveza njaniihlangothi lomethuli/umamukelilwaziumfundi/umbukeli;

• lemuka abaphikisane nokuthatha ihlangothinokuba nomqondo ongatjhugulukiko, izwelomagama, elikholisako nelidlelezelako abeaveze nezinye iindlela zokukhuluma.

■ thuthukisa ukuyeleliswa kokusetjenziswakwelimi:• lemuka abahlathulule umqondo obhamba,

onqophileko kanye nongakanqophi;• tsenga abahlathulule indlela imilayezo

efihlakeleko nebhamba, amagugunemikghwa iveza njani ihlangothi lomethuli/umamukelilwazi/umfundi/umbukeli;

• lemuka abaphikisane nokuthatha ihlangothilokusitheleko kanye nokuba nomqondoongatjhugulukiko, izwelo magama,elikholisako nelidlelezelako abe avezenezinye iindlela zokukhuluma.

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OKUMUMETHWEKO NOBUJAMO BOKWENZA KUZUZWE AMAZINGAWOKUHLOLA

Kilesi sigaba okumumethweko nobujamo kunikelwe ukuze kusekeleke ukuzuzeka kwamaZinga wokuHlola.Okumumethweko, okutshwayiweko kuveza iindingo ekufuze kusetjenzwe ngazo ngendlela ezakusiza abafundibonyana baragele phambili ekutheni bafinyelele amaZinga wokuHlola. Okumumethweko kufanele kusizeimiPhumela yokuFunda, kungabi kulapho kugcina khona ngokwakho. Ubujamo obuphakanyisweko buzakusizaokumumethweko bona kube ngaphakathi kobujamo obunomqondo kubafundi, ngalokho busize ukufundanokufundisa. Utitjhere kufanele ayelele ukusetjenziswa kobujamo bekhaya, hhayi obuphakanyiswe lakwaphela, kodwana lobo obungahlukaniseka bufanele amalemuko wabafundi. Okumumethweko nobujamo,nakuhlaliswa kuhle, kunqophane nokuzuzwa kwamaZinga wokuHlola, kunikela umtlamo wokuthuthukisaamaHlelo wokuFunda. UmHlahlandlela wamaHlelo wokuFunda uhlathulula ngokudepha ngaleliphuzu.

Ukusetjenziswa kwamatheksti ekufundisweni kwelimi

Ibizo elithi ‘itheksti’ nalisetjenziswa eenTatimendeni zeemFundo zamaLimi, linehlathululo ebanzi efakahlangana iindlela zokukhulunywako, okutlolwako, okubukelwako, okulalelwako, okubukelwa bekulalelwekanye neendlela ezahluke neko zokuthintana. Nakufundiswa ilimi, amatheksti kufuze asetjenziswenjengegadango lokuthoma. Eminye imihlobo yamatheksti izakuvezwa njengomphumela wekambiso.Ngokuvezwa kwamatheksti aya ngokuba budisi kusukela eBangeni- 10 ukuya eBangeni le-12, amaZingawokuHlola afaneleko atjengisa iragelo phambili. Amatheksti alula nabudisi asisekelo seragelo phambili kiwowoke amalimi.

Ngalokho, amatheksti amisuka eqakatheke khulu ‘wokumumethweko nobujamo’ bendlela yokufunda ilimingokulisebenzisa, ukuhlanganisa, ukufunda nokufundisa.

Amatheksti ahlukahlukeneko asetjenziswa abakhutjhwe ngokwaneleko kufanele avezele abafundi:

■ ubujamo obunothileko nobufaneleko ngokokuhlalisana, amasiko nangokomlando wozokuthuthukisaukuzwisisa lelimi;

■ imimongo-ndaba eneselele nevuselela ituthuko yokuzwisisa, ngelihlo elibukhali, amagugu nekarekelolezinto eziqakathekileko eziphathelene nokuhlalisana ngokwamasiko nemikghwa emihle ekhambelananeempilo zabafundi beSewula Afrika;

■ imibono ehlukahlukeneko;■ iintjengisi zelimi elikhulunywako nelitlolwako elinezakhi ezimihlobo engafaniko ezizokusiza umfundi

bonyana athuthukise ikghono lakhe lokusebenzisa ilimi ngefanelo;■ ukutsenga iinkolelo ezinganabufakazi, ubuhlangothi nokuthatha izinto ngokuvamileko ukuze athuthukise

ukucabangisisa kwakhe ngengqondo ebukhali;■ ilimi lokuncenga nelikhohlisako;■ ubudlelwana bamandla ngaphakathi nahlangana namalimi;


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■ ukuthuthukisa ikghono lokuyelela abamukelilwazi, umnqopho kanye nobujamo ngokomoya ofaneleko,ukuzwakala kwelizwi kanye nerejista esetjenziswako;

■ okubonwako namkha okubukelwako, okulalelwako nokulalelwa bekubukelwe;■ amatshwayo ahlukahlukeneko wemitlolo ngokufana, amatheksti atlolwako; kanye■ nesitayela namano ahlukahlukeneko njengemihlobohlobo yelimi elifanekisako.

Indlela yokufunda ilimi ngokulisebenzisa, zombili zinzinze ekusetjenzisweni nekukhutjhweni kwamatheksti.

Indlela yokufunda ilimi ngokusebenzisa amatheksti ingenelela endabeni yokobana amatheksti asebenzanjani, umnqopho wendlela enzinze emtlolweni kukwenza abafundi bahlukanise babe bafundi bemitlolo,abatloli, abaqali namkha ababukeli nabatlami abanekghono, abazethembako nabanelihlo elibukhali.Ukuzibandakanya ngelihlo elibukhali kuthuthukisa ikghono labafundi lokuhlola amatheksti. Indlela edzimeleleekusetjenzisweni amatheksti ifaka hlangana ukukhutjhwa kwamatheksti ahlukahlukeneko ngokweminqophonabamukelilwazi abathileko. Indlela le isekelwe ekuzwisiseni bona amatheksti akhiwa bunjani.

Indlela yokufunda ilimi ngokulisebenzisa itjho bonyana lokha nakufundwa ilimi kufuze umfundi alifinyelelengokuzeleko kanye namathuba amanengi wokulikhuluma ngomnqopho wokuditjha nabanye nanyanaukulisebenzisela okuhlukahlukeneko. Ukufundwa kwelimi kufanele kube yinto ezenzakalelako, into eyenzekangokungakahleleki egcina idlulele etlasini la amakghono wokufunda / ukubukela nokutlola/ukwethulaokuthileko ngomlomo kufundiswa khona ngendlela ‘yemvelo’, la abafundi bafunda khona ngendlela yokufundakhulu amatheksti la bafunda khona ukutlola ngesikhathi esinengi.

Ukuzwisisa bona amatheksti atlanywa njani

Amatheksti atlolwa ngobujamo obuthileko, ngeminqopho ethileko kanye nangokucatjangwa kwabamukelilwaziabathileko. Imikhakha ehlukahlukeneko yamatheksti inemisebenzi ehlukahlukeneko begodu ilandela imileyoethileko emukeleka mazombe ngokwesakhi, ilimi, ihlelo, ilwazi-magama kanye nangokumumethweko. Lokhukuthiwa ‘majenri’. Abafundi kufanele bakghone ukuzwisisa nokutlola “amajenri” ahlukahlukeneko wemitlolo.

Amatheksti abuye atjengise ubujamo bamasiko kanye nobepolotiki yalapho itlolwe khona. Ilimi elisetjenziswaemathekstini livama ukumumatha imilayezo ephathelene namagugu wamasiko kanye nobujamo bezepolitikibabatloli nanyana labo abadizayina leyo mitlolo. Abafundi kufanele bakghone ukurhumutjha babebaziphendulele ngamagugu nangemikghwa evezwa matheksti.

Ngalokho-ke, indlela enzinze amathekstini, ilimi lihlale lingenelelwa ngaso soke isikhathi emathekstini begodungakwelinye ihlangothi amatheksti angenelelwa ngobujamo bawo. Lendlela ibandakanya iyeleloelikhethekileko lokusetjenziswa kwelimi elihlelekileko (ihlelo nelwazi-magama) njengokuzikhethelaemathekstini manqophana nemiphumela yazo, ingasi ngendlela engeqadi. Ukuze ukghone ukukhulumangamatheksti, abafundi badinga ilimi lokuhlathulula elinye ilimi ‘i-meta language’ ngamanye amagamabadinga ukwazi amanye amagama akghona ukuhlathulula iinkhekhe ezithileko zehlelo, ilwazi-magama kanyenelimi elisetjenzisweko bese bacoca ngamajenri ahlukahlukeneko.


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Amatheksti angahlukaniswa njengamatheksti asetjenzisweko namatheksti akhutjhweko. Koke lokhukuhlathululwe ngokuzeleko erherhweni elilandelako. Amarherho la angekhe aveze yoke imihlobo yamatheksti.Utitjhere uvumelekile naye bona angangeza amatheksti angasetjenziselwa ukuhlanganisa kokufundiswakwelimi. Umnqopho werherhweli kunikela utitjhere ilungelo lokobana akhethe hlangana nalokhookungasetjenziswa nanyana okungakhutjhwa. Imininingwana eyaneleko yalokho okufunekako manqophananobudisi bamatheksti nokuhleleka kwerejista kunikelwe kumHlahlandlela wemileyo yeHlelo lokuFunda.


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AMATHEKSTI ASETJENZISELWA UKUFUNDISA ILIMI LEKHAYA NGENDLELAYOKUHLANGANISAAMABANGA-10 – 12

Amanye amajenri ekufuze afundwe ebangeni-10 ukuya kwele-12 afaka ukuthintana, imithombo,okususelwa ehloko, okubukelwako, okulalelwako, okulalelwa bekubukelwe kanye neendlelaezahlukahlukeneko zokuthintana. Ukukhetha okubanzi amatheksti kufanele kusetjenziswe ekufundisenikokuhlanganisa ngesikhathi esingangeminyaka emithathu.

Amatheksti atlolweko:Amabhayografi Ama-eseyi Ama-othobhayografiIindatjanaIinkondloIkghono lomlomoInovela Ukufundwa kwezamafilimuUmdlalo

Amatheksti wokuthintana:Ama-athikili kamagazininamakholomuAma-athikili wamaphephandabanamakholomuAmabhrotjha AmadayariAmaflayaAmaforomoAmamemorandamu Amaminidi nama-ajenda(amahlelo)Amanodi atlolwekoAmaphamfulediAmaphostaraIfeksi IimemoIincwadi zobuhlobo nezomthethoIinkhangisoIinkulumo-pendulwano (ezitlolweko) Iinyeleliso (amanothisi)Imibiko (ehlelweko nengakahlelwa)Imilayezo ye-e-mail Amatheksti abuya kumhleliOkuhleliwekoUkubuyekezaAmathelegramu Umlando kamufi

Amatheksti amithombo:Amathebula wesikhathi Amatjhedula I-ensayiklophediya Iincwadi ezithwele ilwazi zeenomboro zemitato Isihlathululi-mezwiiThesarasi Umhlahlandlela we-TV

Amatheksti wokuzitlamela:AmadayariAmahlayaIinganekwana Iingoma zendabukoIinkulumoIinkulumo-PendulwanoIinolwana-neenolwana-ndabukonemizekelisoIinrarejoAmatheksti atlanywe bafundiAmatheksti atlolweko weendaba Ukucoca indaba nekghonolomlomoUkudlala umdlaloUmbhino

Amatheksti abukelwako,alalelwako, abukelwabekalalelwe neweendlelaezahlukahlukenekozokuthintana: Amahlaya (atjengisweko),Amahlelo we-TVnamadokhyumentari Amahlelo womrhatjho Imidlalo-hlaya AmakhathuniAmakhomigi Amagrafu, imidwebonamathebulaIintjengiso/iimbonisoAmatjhadi nemimebheAmatshwayo Amavidiyo wemibhinoIgrafithiIinkhangisoIimfundo zemidlalo; amanovelananyana iindatjana Iimfundo zemidlalo yetjhatjhalaziIinkhanyeli namkhaamatranspharensi Iinkulumo eziqotjhwako/ezirekhodwako namatshwayo IinqubuloIinthombeIintjengiso/imibukiso yamaslayidi amaslayidi ImidlaloImikarabhoAmatheksti afundelwa phezulu


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AMATHEKSTI AKHUTJHWA NAKUFUNDISWA ILIMI LEKHAYA NGENDLELAYOKUHLANGANISAAMABANGA 10 – 12

(kufanele kukhethwe amatheksti emabangeni 10 ukaya ku-12)

Amatheksti angakatelelwako wokunabisa ilwazi: ukudlala imidlalo, ukucoca iindatjana, iindaba zomrhatjho nezikamabonakude, imidlalo yomrhatjhonomabonakude, iingcoco zephaneli, iindatjana/iinkondlo/imidlalo, amakhathuni, amahlaya wemidlalo,amahlaya, amatshwayo nokhunye.

Amatheksti wokuthintana:Ama-athikili wabomagazini namakholomuAma-athikili wamaphephandaba namakholomuAmabhrotjhaAmafeksiAmakarada weememo nokubuyekezaAmamemorandamu Amaminidi nama-ajenda AmaposkaradaAmaripodi ukubuyekezaIKharikhyulamu VithayiImilando kamufiImilayezo yakamaliledinini (ama-SMS)Imibiko (ehleliweko nengakahlelwa)Imilayezo ye-e-mail Iincwadi zobunganiIincwadi zokubawa umsebenzi nokubawa,ukunghonghoyila, zokududuzana, zeememo,zokuthokoza, zokurhalalisela neencwadi zerhwebo Iincwadi zomthetho nezobuhlobo eziyaemaphephandabeni Iinkhangiso ezihleliwekoIinkulumo-pendulwano UkubuyekezaUkutlolwa kwedayariUkuzalisa amaforomo

Amatheksti wokuzitlamela: Iindatjana eziyingcoco, ezihlathululako, ezivezaokuthileko, ezimazombe, eziveza okuthilekonezinemibono ephikisakoIimpendulo emitlolweni

Amatheksti amithombo nanikela ilwazi: Amanodi atlolwekoukubeka ngamagamakho Amaphrojekthi wamarhubhululo Amasamari IflowutjhadiImimebhe yemiqondo nama flowutjhadiImiyalo Iinkomba Ukuzakhela isihlathululi-mezwiUkutlolwa kwedayari

Amatheksti acocwako, abukelwako neweendlelaezahlukahlukeneko zokuthintana: AmaflayaIinkulumo ezilungiselelweko nezingakalungiselelwaAma-inthaviyu Amaphostara Amaprojekthi wamarhubhululoIinkhangiso Iinkulumo-pendulwano IinqubuloIzethulo ezenziwangamagrafu/imidumo


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ISAHLUKO 4

UKUHLOLA

ISINGENISO

Ukuhlola kuyingcenye eqakathekileko yesiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke samaBanga 10 – 12(Indlela Yokufundamazombe). Kuyikambiso yokubuthelela nokurhumutjha ubufakazi ukuze kuzokuqalwairagelo phambili lomfundi efundweni kanye nokwenza isahlulelo ngokusebenza komfundi. Ubufakazibungabuthelelwa ngeenkhathi ezahlukahlukeneko neendaweni ezingafaniko begodu nangokusebenzisaiintlabagelo, iinsetjenziswa kanye neenrhatjhi ezihlukahlukeneko.

Ukuqinisekisa bona imiphumela yokuhlola iyafinyeleleka begodu isetjenziselwa iminqopho ehlukahlukenekoesikhathini esizako, imiphumela kufuze irekhodwe. Kuneendlela ezihlukahlukeneko zokurekhoda ukusebenzakwabafundi. Ezinye zazo zizokuqalwa kilesi sahluko. Ezinye zizakunqopha eemfundweni ezikhethekilekoemHlahlandleleni wamaHlelo wokuFunda.

Kunabantu abanengi abanetjisakalo yokufuna ukwazi bona abafundi basebenza njani emaBangeni 10 – 12.Labo bafaka abafundi ngokwabo, ababelethi, abondli, abathekghi ngeemali, iminyango yezefundoyamaphrovensi, umNyango wezeFundo, uNgqongqotjhe wezeFundo, abaqatjhi neenkhungo zefundo nebanduloephakamileko. Ukwenza bonyana kukghonakale ukufinyelela emiphumeleni yokusebenza okuphelelekokwabafundi nokuthatha iinqunto ngamakghonwabo, imiphumelabo yokuhlolwa kufanele ibikwe. Zinengiiindlela zokubika. UmHlahlandlela wamaHlelo wokuFunda kanye nomHlahlandlela wokuHlola ukhulumakabanzi ngokurekhoda nokubika ukuhlola okwenzeka esikolweni nangaphandle kwesikolo bezibuye zinikelenemileyo ngokuhlola eendabeni eziphathelene nesifundo.

KUBAYINI KUHLOLWA?

Ngaphambi kobana utitjhere ahlole abafundi, kuqakathekile bonyana umnqopho wokuhlola uzwisiswengokucacileko. Ukuzwisisa umnqopho wokuhlola kuqinisekisa bona kukhona ukukhambelana phakathikweminqopho neendlela zokuhlola. Lokhu kuzokubuye kusize ekuqinisekiseni iinqunto kanye neemphethoezifanele zinzinze ekuhloleni ngokobana zingendlela efaneleko yomnqopho othileko.

Zinengi iinzathu zokuhlola ukusebenza kwabafundi. Lokhu kufaka ukuhlola iragelo phambili nokunikelaumbiko obuyako, ukulapha iinthikamezi eziliya ukufunda, ukukhetha, ukuhlahla, ukusekela ukufunda,ukunikela isitifikedi, nokudluliselwa emabangeni alandelako.

Kilekharikhyulamu ukufunda nokuhlola kutjhidelene, akuhlukani. Ukuhlola kusiza abafundi ukulinganisaubungako bokufunda kwabo. Kubanikela ilwazi ngeragelo phambili bekubenze bona bakghone ukuzilawulabebathathe neenqunto ngefundwabo. Ngalokho, ukuhlola kunikela ilwazi lokobana ukufundisa nokufunda

kuyaphumelela ekufinyeleleni emiPhumeleni yokuFunda ehlelwe ngaphambilini na. Nangabe ukuhlola kuvezabonyana alikho iragelo phambili, kufuze kutjhugululwe indlela yokufunda neyokufundisa.

IMIHLOBO YOKUHLOLA

Lengcenye ihlathulula leziindlela ezilandelako zokuhlola:

■ ukuhlola okusisekelo;■ ukuhlola okuvezako;■ ukuhlola okwakhako; kanye■ nokuhlola okubuthelelako.

Ukuhlola okusisekelo

Ukuhlola okusisekelo kuqakathekile ekuthomeni kwebanga kodwana kungenziwa ekuthomeni komunyenomunye umzombe wefundo. Kusetjenziselwa ukufumana lokho esele kwaziwa nokukghonwa mfundi. Kusizaekutlameni iimfundo nekutlameni amaHlelo wokuFunda. Imiphumela yokuhlola ekusisekelo ivamiseukurekhodwa umfundi angakatjheji.

Ukuhlola okuvezako

Nanyana ngikuphi ukuhlola, kungasetjenziselwa umnqopho wokuveza namkha ukuhlukanisa unobangelaweenkhandeli zokufunda. Ukuhlola okuvezako kusiza ekuqunteni ngeendlela zokusekela namkhazokuhlukanisa isidingo sesizo lobuchwephetjhe namkha lokwelapha. Lokhu kuhlola kusebenza ukusizaekuhlathululeni iminqopho yamaHlelo wokuFunda namkha ukufumana lokho umfundi angakhange akufunde,khona kuzokusetjenziswa iindlela zokungenelela.

Ukuhlola okwakhako

Nanyana ngikuphi ukuhlola okusetjenziselwa ukunikela umfundi umbiko obuyako kuzalisa umnqophowokwakha. Ukuhlola okwakhako kuqakatheke khulu ekufundeni nekufundiseni. Kuqalisisa bekusekeleikambiso yokufunda. Boke abazibandakanyako nabanetjisakalo basebenzisa lokhu kuhlola khonabazokufumana ilwazi ngeragelo phambili labafundi. Ukubika okwakhako kuqakathekile ekuhloleni okwakhako.

Ukuhlola okubuthelelako

Ukuhlola okusetjenziselwa ukwahlulela ikghono namkha ukusebenza komfundi kunomnqopho wokubuthelela.Ukuhlola okubuthelelako kuveza ikghono namkha iragelo phambili lomfundi ngesikhathi esithileko. Kungenzeka


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ekupheleni kwesifundo, iyunidi, umzombe, ithemu, isiquntu sonyaka namkha unyaka woke wokufunda. Ukuhlolaokubuthelelako kufanele kutlanywe begodu kusetjenziswe iinsetjenziswa neendlela ezihlukahlukeneko zokuhlolaukusiza abafundi bona batjengise ikghono labo.

UKUHLOLA KUFANELE KUBE NJANI BEKWENZENI?

Ukuhlola kufanele:

■ kuzwisiswe mfundi nomphakathi;■ kube nomnqopho ocacileko;■ kuhlanganiswe nokufunda nokufundisa;■ kunzinze phezu kweenkomba ezihlelwe ngaphambili zAmazinga Wokuhlola;■ kuvulele abafundi amathuba abanzi namanengi;■ kukhambisane nekghono lomfundi lokuzwisisa begodu kungakhethi;■ kukghone ukutjhuguluka lula;■ kusebenzise iintlabagelo ezahlukahlukeneko; begodu■ kusebenzise amano neendlela ezahlukahlukeneko.

KUHLOLWA NJANI?

Indlela utitjhere ahlola ngayo ‘ukusebenza kwabafundi’ kufanele ithembeke. Lokhu kutjho bona ukwahlulelakwakatitjhere ngokusebenza kwabafundi kufanele kutjho okuliqiniso ngalokho okuvamileko ngokweenkhathi,izinto zokuhlola kanye nabatshwayi. Ukwahlulela okwenziwe ngokuhlola kufanele kubonise izingaeliphakemeko leqiniso. Kufanele kwenziwe ngalokho okufundwe kwabe kwahlolwa.

Ngesimanga sokobana ukuhlola angekhe kwathembeka bekube liqiniso nakukhamba kodwa, iinquntongokuragela phambili komfundi kufanele zisekelwe phezu kokuhlolwa okungaphezu kokukodwa. Lowo mleyoosekela ukuhlola kwangamalanga. Ukuhlola kwangamalanga mamano asekela iinqunto zokufunda ngaphezukweendlela zokuhlola ezingafaniko kanye nezehlakalo ezenzeka eendaweni ezahlukahlukeneko kukambisoyokufunda. Kufaka hlangana iimfundo zokuhlola ezihlelelwe unyaka woke, ngokusetjenziswa kweentlabageloneendlela ezahlukahlukeneko zokuhlola, njengeenhlahlubo, amaphrojekthi, nemisebenzi etlolwako yamatheksti-phenyo. Ukuhlolwa kokukhulunywa ngomlomo, okutlolwako nokwenziwa kuhlukaniseke kufakiwe nakho.Imihlobo engafaniko yobufakazi ekhiqizwa bafundi njengengcenye yokuhlola okuragela phambili ingafakwakuphothifoliyo. Iimfundo ezingafaniko zineendingo ezingafaniko ngalokho okufanele kufakwe kuphothifoliyo.UmHlahlandlela wamaHlelo wokuFunda uzihlathulula kabanzi leziindingo.

Ukuhlola kwangamalanga kwenzeka ngeklasini nesikolweni begodu kunqophe endleleni eragela phambili laphaukuhlola kuhlanganiswe khona nekambiso yokufunda nokufundisa. Abotitjhere bakghona ukwazi abafundibabo ngokubafundisa ngamalanga, ngokubabuza imibuzo, ukubaqala, ukuthintana nabo nangokubaqalanabathintana nabanye.


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Ukuhlola kwangamalanga kufanele kusetjenziswe kizo zoke iingaba zekharikhyulamu ezikghona ukuhlolwanjengeenhlahlubo ezitlolwako amatheksti-phenyo kanye nalezo ezingahlolwa ngezinye iindlela njengokwenzananyana ezisebenzisa ubufakazi bokwenziwako nanyana bomlomo.

IINDLELA ZOKUHLOLA

Ukuzihlola

Yoke imiPhumela yokuFunda namaZinga Wokuhlola kubhamba. Abafundi bazokwazi ngaphambili okulindelwekibo. Ngalokho abafundi bangaba yingcenye eqakathekileko yokuzihlola nokuhlola umsebenzabo ngaphambikobana utitjhere enze ukuhlola kokugcina. Kuqakathekile kobana umfundi acabangisise ngokufunda kwakhe.

Ukuhlolwa bangani

Ukuhlolwa bangani ngokusebenzisa irherho lokuhlola nanyana irubhrikhi kusiza umfundi ohlolwako nabafundiabahlolako. Ukucocisana ngeenkomba zokuhlola kuhlomisa abafundi kobana bahlole umsebenzabo nowabanye.

Ukuhlolwa kwesiqhema

Ikghono lokusebenza ngepumelelo eenqhemeni kungomunye wemiPhumela eQakathekileko. Ukuhlolaumsebenzi wesiqhema kufaka ukuhlola ubufakazi bokulalelana, ukusizana, ukuhlukaniselana umsebenzi,ukuhlanganisa imibono ukuze kube mkhiqizo owodwa ozokuhlolwa. Ukuhlola umsebenzi wesiqhema kuhlolaikambiso namkha indlela yokusebenza kanye nomphumela. Kufaka hlangana amakghono wokuhlalisana,ukutjhejwa kwesikhathi, ukutjhejwa kwemithombo nokungafani kwesiqhema kanye nalokho okuvezwasiqhema.

IINDLELA ZOKUBUTHELELA UBUFAKAZI BOKUHLOLA

Zinengi iindlela zokubuthelela ubufakazi bokuhlola, ezinye zazo zihlathululwe ngenzasi.

Ukuhlola okunzinze ekuqaleni ngamehlo

Ukuhlola okunzinze ekuqaleni ngamehlo kuvamise ukungalandeli indlela ehlelweko, begodu kuvulela iindlelazokurekhoda ubufakazi obungafaniko babafundi abangafaniko ngeenkhathi ezingafaniko. Lokhu kuhlolakuvamise ukuqalana nemisebenzi efuna bonyana abafundi bazibandakanye nabanye khona bazokutholaisisombululo namkha umkhiqizo nofana umphumela ofanako. Ukuhlola ngokuqala kufanele kwenzekengokomnqopho ngokusebenzisa isitlabagelo esifaneleko sokuqala.


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Ukuhlola okunzinze ekuhlahlubeni

Ukuhlola okunzinze ekuhlahlubeni kuhlelekile begodu kwenza abotitjhere bakghone ukubuthelela ubufakaziobufanako babafundi boke ngesikhathi nangendlela efanako. Lokhu kuhlola kuletha ubufakazi bokufundaobuqinisekiswe ngamamaksi namkha amaphuzu abekweko. Iinhlahlubo nokuhlola nakusetjenziswa kuhlekuhlala kuziingcenye eziqakathekileko zekharikhyulamu ngombana ziveza ubufakazi obuhle balokhookufundwe mfundi.

Ukuhlola okunzinze emsebenzini

Ukuhlola okunzinze emsebenzini namkha ekusebenzeni komfundi kunqophe ekuboniseni bonyana abafundibanekghono lokusebenzisa amakghono nelwazi abalifumene ebujameni obungakajayeleki namkhaobungaphandle kweklasi. Ukuhlolokhu kufaka hlangana okwenziwako eemfundweni ngokuqala ukuthiabafundi balisebenzisa njani ilwazi abalifumene eemfundweni. Iinkomba, amazinga nanyana imithetjhwanayokuhlola imisebenzi ehlathululwe ngamarubhrikhi wokuhlola umsebenzi, kusiza utitjhere bona asebenziseukwahlulela kobuthakgha nakahlola ukusebenza komfundi ngamunye.

UKUREKHODA NOKUBIKA

Ukurekhoda nokubika kufaka hlangana ukutlola ilwazi elibuthelelwe nakuhlolwako ukuze lihlaziywe ngefanelolibe likhutjhwe ngendlela enembako, efaneleko nezwakalako.

Iindlela zokurekhoda

Zinengi iindlela zokurekhoda. Lokhu kwenza bonyana kube budisi ukuhlukanisa iindlela zokurekhoda kilezozokuhlola ukusebenza komfundi.

Nanzi iimbonelo zeensetjenziswa zokurekhoda:

■ Iinkali zokulinganisa;■ Amarherho wemisebenzi namkha wokuhlola; kanye■ Amarubrikhi.

Enye nenye indlela ihlathululwa ngenzasi;

Iinkali zokulinganisa

Iinkali zokulinganisa amarherho wananyana ngimaphi amahlelo wokutshwaya (njengo-A namkha u-B), namkhaamamaksi (njengo-5/10 nanyana-50%) ohlathululwa ngokuzeleko ukuze kuzokuthonyaniswa umtlomeloorekhodweko netlhadlhulo yekghono elilindelwe ekufumaneni iphuzwelo. Imininingwana iqakatheke khulu


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ukudlula amaphuzu anikelwe ekambisweni yokufunda nokufundisa ngombana inikela abafundi umqondowalokho abakufumeneko, kunanyana ngisiphi isifundo nokuthi kubayini babhalelwe. Ukutshwaya nokuhlolakwakade kwakusebenzisa iinkali zokulinganisa ngaphandle kokuveza imininingwana neenkomba ezihlathululangokupheleleko lokho okulindelweko. Ngesimanga salokho bekubudisi ukuthola amakghono nokuhlulekakomfundi ngokwemiphumela elindelweko. Isikali sokuzuza samaphuzu asithandathu sisetjenzisiweesiTatimendeni seKharikhyulamu YeliZweloke samaBanga 10 – 12 (Indlela Yokufundamazombe).

Amarherho Wemisebenzi (Amarherho Wokuqinisekisa)

Amarherho wemisebenzi nanyana amarherho wokuhlola amumethe iintatimende ezingafaniko ezihlathululaumsebenzi olindelweko esifundweni esithileko. Nangabe kufunyanwa bonyana isitatimende esithilekoerherhweni lokuhlola saneliswe mfundi nakasebenzako, siyatshwaywa. Ukusebenza komfundi kuhlathululwaziintatimende zoke ezitshwayiweko. Amarherho wokuhlola alisizo khulu ekuhlolweni bangani namkhaziinqhema.

Amarubhrikhi

Amarubhrikhi ayihlanganisela yamakhowudu wokulinganisa nokutlhadlhula amazinga. Amumethe amarherhowamazinga alamanako nanyana amatshwayo atlhadlhula umsebenzi namkha umphumela owamukelekakoezingeni ngalinye. Amarubhrikhi afuna bonyana utitjhere akwazi kuhle okufunwa mphumela. Anganikelaihlathululo epheleleko yezinga elifunwako namkha acazulule ngokunikela imininingwana ehlukanisekakoeyakha iindingo namkha akuhlanganise kokubili. ImiLeyo yamaHlelo wokuFunda inikela iimbonelozamarubhrikhi athileko aphathelene nesifundo.

Nakwakhiwa ithebula namkha irubhrikhi utitjhere kufuze athathe isiqunto sokobana:

■ Ngiyiphi imiphumela enqotjhiweko?■ Ngiwaphi Amazinga Wokuhlola anqotjhiweko?■ Ngibuphi ubufakazi obufanele bubuthelelwe?■ Ngiziphi iingcenye ezingafaniko zomsebenzi ezizokuhlolwa?■ Ngiziphi iintlabagelo zokuhlola ezikhambelana patsi nomsebenzi (njengomsebenzi nomkhiqizo)?■ Ngiliphi ilwazi elifuze lihlukaniseke?■ Ngimaphi amakghono azokusetjenziswa nanyana amagadango okufanele athathwe?■ Ngimaphi amathuba wokuveza imibono, amagugu nanyana umoya ovele emsebenzini, ngikuphi kwalokhu

ekufanele kuhlolwe begodu kufanele kuhlolwe njani?■ Kufanele kusetjenziswe irubhrikhi eyodwa namkha amanengi ukuhlola imiPhumela yokuFunda nAmazinga

Wokuhlola? Nokuthi■ Kufuneka mangaki amarubhrikhi ukuhlola umsebenzi?

Kuqakathekile bonyana utitjhere avumelane nabafundi ngamarubhrikhi azokusetjenziswa ngaphambi kokwenzaumsebenzi. Irubhrikhi ihlathulula lokho okufanele ukufunda nokusebenza kunqophe kikho. Iba sikhaliesinamandla sokuzihlola.

Ukubika ngomsebenzi nokuzuza

Ukuripoda ngomsebenzi nokuzuza kwazisa boke abanetjisakalo ngokuragela phambili kwabafundi. Ngemvakokubuthelelwa nokurhunyutjhwa kobufakazi, kufanele amatitjhere arekhode okuzuzwe bafundi. Kufanelekwenziwe ukuhlola okwaneleko okubuthelelwako ukuze kuzokutlolwa umbiko ngezinga elifinyelelwe mfundi.

IsiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke samaBanga 10 – 12 (Indlela Yokufundamazombe) sisebenzisaisikali esilandelako esinamaphuzu asithandathu wokuzuza: Leso sikali sitjengiswe kuThebula 4.1 ngenzasi.

Ithebula: 4.1 Isikali sokuzuza ngokwesiTatimende seKharikhyulamu yeliZweloke samaBanga-10 – 12(Indlela Yokufundamazombe)

Ikhowudu Ihlathululo Yekghono Amamaksi %Yokukala

6 Ukuzuza ngokudluleleko 80-100

5 Ukuzuza ngokukarisako 60-79

4 Ukuzuza ngokwanelisako 50-59

3 Ukuzuza ngokulingeneko 40-49

2 Ukuzuza ngokwengcenye 30-39

1 Ukuzuza ngokungakaneli 0-29

IINTLHADLHULI ZEKGHONO LESIFUNDO

Ukusiza ngokutshwaya amakghono ekufanele afinyelelwe bafundi wokuzuza imiPhumela yokuFundaemaBangeni 10 – 12, amakghono weemfundo atlhadlhuliwe ukuze kuhlukaniswe lokho okulindelwe kubafundibona bakwazi begodu bakghone ukukuzuza. Kutlhadlhulwe amazinga asithandathu wekghono ekufaneleafinyelelwe bafundi esifundweni ngasinye nebangeni ngalinye. Leziintlhadlhuli zizakusiza abotitjhere bonabahlole abafundi bakghone nokubabeka ezingeni elifaneleko. Iintlhadlhuli zisonga kuhle imiPhumelayokuFunda nAmazinga Wokuhlola begodu zinikele namatshwayo aveza imehluko eqakathekileko ehlalisakuhle ukuzuza kokutlomelisa okuthileko. Iindlela ezahlukahlukeneko zamazinga wokuzuza kanyenamaphesende wokumadaniseka kwawo atjengiswe kuthebula 4.1.

Ngokukhambisana kwemileyo nekambiso yokuhlola okunzinze emiphumeleni, koke ukuhlola kwangesikolweninokwangaphandle kufanele kunzinze phezu kweenkomba. Amamaksi angasetjenziselwa ukuhlola imisebenziethileko kodwana kuqakathekile ukuthi imisebenzi ihlolwe ngokwamarubhrikhi kube ngengcono kunaleyoyokutshwaya ipendulo ekungiyo bese unikela imiklomelo ngokwamatshwayo ekungiwo. Iintatimendezamakghono esifundweni ngasinye zitlhadlhula ubuncani bamakghono, ilwazi, amagugu nomukghwa namkhaumoya ofanele utjengiswe mfundi ngalokho akuzuzileko ezingeni ngalinye lesikali sokulinganisa.


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Abotitjhere/abahloli nabalungiselela imisebenzi yokuhlola kufanele benze isiqiniseko sokobana umbuzounqophene nomniningwana othileko womphumela. Kufanele kusetjenziswe iZinga lokuHlola nanyanaamaZinga afaneleko ekwakheni irubhrikhi yokuhlola umsebenzi namkha umbuzo. Iintlhadlhuli zitjengisa kuhleubuncani bezinga lokuzuza kwesinye nesinye isigaba esikalini sokulinganisa.

Iintlhadlhuli zamakghono zalesi sifundo zivezwe ekugcineni kwalesi sahluko.

UKUDLULISELWA EBANGENI ELILANDELAKO

Ukudluliselwa ebangeni elilandelako, eBangeni 10 no-11, kuzakunzinza ekuhlolweni kwangesikolwenikwaphela, kodwana kufanele kulandelwe bujamo obufana nobesiTifikedi seFundo neBandulo eThuthukako.Iimfuno, ubujamo nemithetjhwana yokukhambisana kweemfundo neyokudluliselwa kwelinye ibangangokurhawukelwa kuvezwe ngokutsengileko kuQualifications and Assessment Policy Framework for Grades10–12 (General).

INDLELA IKARADA LOKURIPODA KUFANELE LIBE NGAYO

Zinengi iindlela zokutlola ikarada leripodi, kodwana kufanele libe lula, lifundeke belinikele yokeimininingwana eqakathekileko. Ikarada leripodi kufanele limumathe loke ilwazi ngeragelo phambili lomfundi,litjengise:

■ ifundo ezuzwe mfundi nayithomaniswa nemiphumela;■ amakghono womfundi;■ isizo elitlhogwa mfundi namkha elinikelweko la bekudingeke khona;■ umbiko obuyako wokwakha ngokusebenza komfundi kwakade neendingo zesifundo; kanye■ neragelo phambili lomfundi lokwazi ukufunda.

Ngaphezu kwalokho ikarada leripodi kufanele limumathe umbiko manqophana nokulandelako:

■ ibizo lesikolo;■ ibizo lomfundi;■ IBanga;■ unyaka nethemu;■ isikhala somtlikitlo wombelethi namkha umondli;■ ukutlikitla kwakatitjhere nomphathisikolo;■ ilanga;■ ilanga lokuvala nokuvula;■ isitembu sesikolo; kanye■ nombiko wokuza esikolweni.

UKUHLOLWA KWABAFUNDI ABAQALENE NEENKHANDELI ZOKUFUNDA

Ukuhlolwa kwabafundi abaqalene nanyana ngiziphi iinkhandeli zokufunda kuzakwenziwa ngendlelaeziphakanyiswe kaQualifications and Assessment Policy Framework for Grades 10 – 12 (General)njengombana ziphathelene nemiraro yabafundi abaneenkhandeli ekufundeni kwabo. Qala iWhite paper 6 onSpecial Needs Education: Building an Inclusive Education and Training System.


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Ikhowudi IinTlhadlhuli ZamaKghonoIsilinganisoS6 80-100% Ukuzuza

ngokudlulelekoEkugcineni kweBanga le-10 umfundi ozuzangokudluleleko anga-:

■ khuluma abe athule amatheksti ngokuzithemba,ngokukhambelanisa nangokuhlanganisaimicabango; tjengisa iyelelo elithuthuke khulunokusebenzisa ilimi elitjengisa izwelonehlonipho; lalela ngokuhlola ukuze alemuke,arhumutjhe, atsenge begodu ahlathulule ilwazingokweminqopho ehlukahlukeneko; sebenzisailimi ngokutjhelelako nokuveza imizwangokudluleleko ebujameni obuhlukahlukenekobokuthintana.

■ lemuka, arhumutjhe, ahlaziye begoduahlathulule amatheksti ngepumelelonangokuzithemba nakafundako begodunakabukelako; tjengisa ukuzwisisa okucacilekobegodu aqinisekise nokusekela imibonwakhe;fundela phezulu ngokutjhelelako nokuvezaimizwa; tjengisa izwelo emibonweniehlukahlukeneko nakwezinye izintoeziphathelene namasiko.

■ tlola abe athule amatheksti ekungewakhengokukhambelanisa nangokuhlanganisaimicabango kanye nangenembo; fanezaamatheksti kubumukelilwazi, iminqopho,amajamo begodu namabumbekoahlukahlukaneko; hlela imibono namaphuzuasekelako, ngendlela enokubambelela,ngokukholisa atjengise nekghono lokubumbabegodu atjengise nokuthuthuka kwesitayelasakhe; buyekeza umtlolo begodu ahlelengokuzijamela ukuze aqinisekise ukwenzangcono.

IINTLHADLHULI ZEKGHONO LESIFUNDO SELIMI LEKHAYA

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Ekugcineni kweBanga le-11 umfundi ozuzangokudluleleko anga-:

■ khuluma abe athule amatheksti ngokuzithemba,ngokukhambelanisa nangokuhlanganisaimicabango ngendlela enokubambelela; tjengisaiyelelo elisezingeni eliphezulu nokusebenzisailimi elitjengisa izwelo nehlonipho; lalelangokuhlola kuhle ukuze atsenge abe ahlathululeilwazi ngokweminqopho ehlukahlukeneko;sebenzisa ilimi ngokutjhelelako nokuvezaimizwa ngokudluleleko ebujameniobuhlukahlukaneko bokuthintana.

■ rhumutjha, atsenge, ahlole abe ahlathululengokuzithemba nangepumelelo nakafundakonalokha nakabukelako; tjengisa ukuzwisisaokukarisako ababe nokuqinisekisa nokusekelaimibonwakhe; fundela phezulu ngokutjhelelakonokuveza imizwa ngokudluleleko; tjengisaizwelo elivuthweko manqophana nemibonoehlukahlukeneko kanye nezinye izintoeziphathelene namasiko.

■ tlola abathule amatheksti ekungewakhengendlela yokukhambelanisa nokuhlanganisaimicabango; faneza amatheksti kubamukelilwaziiminqopho, amajamo namabumbekoahlukahlukaneko; hlela imibono ngendlelaebambelelako, eyenza ukholwe netjengisaikghono lokubumba nokutjengisa ubufakazibesitayela sakhe; buyekeza umtlolo begoduahlele ngokuzijamela ukuze aqinisekiseukwenza ngcono.

Ekugcineni kweBanga le-12 umfundi ozuzangokudluleleko anga-:

■ khuluma abe athule amatheksti ngokuzithemba,ngokukhambelanisa nangokuhlanganisaimicabango ngokungatjhuguluki nokubambelela;tjengisa iyelelo elisezingeni eliphezulunokusebenzisa ilimi eliveza, izwelo nehlonipho;lalela ngokuhlola kuhle ukuze arhumutjhe,ahlaziye, ahlole abe ahlanganise ilwazingokweminqopho ehlukahlukeneko; sebenzisailimi ngokutjhelelako nokuveza imizwangokudluleleko ebujameni obuhlukahlukanekobokuthintana.

■ rhumutjha, atsenge, ahlole abe ahlathululengokuzithemba nangepumelelo nakafundakonalokha nakabukelako; tjengisa ukuzwisisaokunothileko nangokudluleleko abe aqinisekisenokusekela imibonwakhe; fundela phezulungokutjhelelako nokuveza imizwangokudluleleko; tjengisa izwelo elivuthwekomanqophana nemibono ehlukahlukeneko kanyenezinto eziphathelene namasiko.

■ tlola abe ethule amatheksti ekungewakhengokungatjhuguluki ngendlela yoku-khambelanisa nokuhlanganisa imicabango kanyenangenembo; faneza amathekstikubamukelilwazi, iminqopho, amajamonamabumbeko ahlukahlukaneko; bumbaimibono ngendlela ebambelelako, eyenzaukholwe, etjengisa ikghono lokubumbanetjengisa isitayela sakhe; buyekeza umtlolobegodu ahlele ngokuzijamela ukuze aqinisekiseukwenza ngcono.

IBanga 11 IBanga 12

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6 80-100% Ukuzuzangokudluleleko

(Kuragela phambili)

■ zwisisa bekasebenzise izakhi nemithetjhwanayelimi ngokuzithemba nenembo elithuthukako;lemuka, arhumutjhe, atsenge abahlathululeimehluko ebhacileko eenhlathululweninemisebenzini yamagama kanye nokwakhekakwawo; lemuka, atsenge, ahlathulule abeasebenzise imihlobohlobo yezakhi zemitjhongeminqopho etjengisa ukusetjenziswa kwelimikwangamalanga woke nesithintela sesitayela;tjengisa indlela edluleleko yokusebenzisa ihlelolelimi nelwazi-magama.

IBanga 10

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■ zwisisa bekasebenzise izakhi nemithetjhwanayelimi ngokuzithemba, ngenembo nangendlelaelula; rhumutja, atsenge, ahlathulule abe ahloleabasebenzise imehluko ebhacilekoyeenhlathululo nemisebenzi yamagama kanyenokwakheka kwawo; lemuka, atsenge, ahloleabe asebenzise imihlobohlobo yezakhi zemitjhongokweminqopho etjengisa ukusetjenziswakwelimi kwangamalanga woke nesithintelasesitayela; tjengisa indlela edlulelekoyokusebenzisa ihlelo nelwazi-magama.

■ zwisisa bekasebenzise izakhi nemithetjhwanayelimi ngokuzithemba, ngenembo nangendlelaelula; rhumutja, atsenge, ahlathulule abe ahloleabasebenzise imehluko ebhacilekoyeenhlathululo nemisebenzi yamagama kanyenokwakheka kwawo; lemuka, atsenge ahloleabasebenzise imihlobohlobo yezakhi zemitjhongokweminqopho etjengisa ukusetjenziswakwelimi kwangamalanga woke nesithintelasesitayela; tjengisa indlela edlulelekoyokusebenzisa ihlelo nelwazi-magama.

IBanga 11 IBanga 12



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5 60-79%Ukuzuza

ngokukarisako

Ekugcineni kweBanga le-10 umfundi ozuzangokukarisako anga-:

■ khuluma abe athule amathekstingokukhambelanisa nangokuhlanganisaimicabango nangokuzithemba esikhathiniesinengi; tjengisa iyelelo elandakonokusebenzisa ilimi elitjengisa izwelo kanyenehlonipho; lalela ngokuhlola kuhle ukuzealemuke, arhumutjhe, atsenge begoduahlathulule ilwazi ngokweminqophoehlukahlukeneko; sebenzisa khulu ilimingokutjhelelako nokuveza imizwa ebujameniobuhlukahlukeneko bokuthintana;

■ lemuka, arhumutjhe, ahlaziye begodu ahlathululeamatheksti ngokuzithemba nakafundako nalokhanakabukelako; tjengisa ukuzwisisa nalokhanakaqinisekise nokusekela imibonwakhe; fundelaphezulu ngokutjhelelako nangendlela evezaimizwa ngokukarisako; tjengisa izweloemibonweni ehlukahlukeneko kanye nakwezinyeizinto eziphathelene namasiko.

■ tlola abe ethule, amatheksti ekungewakhembala, ngokukhambelanisa nangokuhlanganisaimicabango esikhathini esinengi kodwanangenembo elinokungabaza; faneza amathekstikubamukelilwazi abahlukeneko, iminqopho,amajamo kanye namabumbeko; hlela imibononamaphuzu asekelako ngendlela ebambelelakoeyenza ukholwe kanye nokutjengisa ikghonolokubumba begodu atjengise ubufakaziobukhulako manqophana nesitayela sakhe;buyekeza abe alungise khulu iimphoso zethekstingokwakhe ukuze zibe ngcono.

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■ khuluma abe ethule amatheksti ngokuzithemba,ngokukhambelanisa kanye nokuhlanganisaimicabango; tjengisa iyelelo nokusebenzisa ilimielibonisa izwelo nehlonipho; lalela ngokuhlolaarhumutjhe atsenge, ahlole abe ahlathululeilwazi ngokweminqopho ehlukahlukeneko;sebenzisa ilimi ngokutjhelelako nokuvezaimizwa ebujameni obuhlukahlukenekobokuthintana esikhathini esiningi;

■ rhumutjha, atsenge ahlole abe ahlathululengokuzithemba nangempumelelo nakafundakonalokha abukelako; tjengisa ukuzwisisaokucacileko nalokha nakaqinisekise nokusekelaimibonwakhe; fundela phezulu ngokutjhelelakonangendlela eveza imizwa ngokukarisako;tjengisa izwelo manqophana nemibonoehlukahlukeneko nezinto eziphathelenenamasiko.

■ khupha amatheksti okungewakhe,ngokukhambelanisa nangokuhlanganisaimicabango nangenembo esikathini esinenginakatlolako nalokha nakethulako; fanezaamatheksti kubamukelilwazi, umnqopho,amajamo namabumbeko ahlukahlukaneko;bumba imibono namaphuzu wokusekelangendlela ebambelelako, ayenze ukholwe kanyenetjengisa ikghono lokubumba nokuvezaubufakazi besitayela sakhe; buyekeza alungiseiimphoso zemitlolo ngokwakhe ukuqinisekisaukuthi zibe ngcono.


■ khuluma abe ethule amatheksti ngokuzithemba,ngokukhambelanisa kanye nokuhlanganisaimicabango ngendlela ebambelelako; tjengisaiyelelo elithuthuke khulu nokusebenzisa ilimielitjengisa izwelo nehlonipho; lalela ngokuhlolaukuze arhumutjhe, atsenge, ahlole abahlanganiseilwazi ngokweminqopho ehlukahlukeneko;sebenzisa ilimi ngokutjhelelako nokuvezaimizwa ebujameni obuhlukahlukenekobokuthintana esikhathini esiningi;

■ rhumutjha, tsenge, ahlole abe ahlanganise kuhlengokuzithemba nangepumelelo nakafundakonalokha abukelako; tjengisa ukuzwisisaokukhudlwana, nalokha nakaqinisekisenokusekela imibonwakhe ngokucacileko;fundela phezulu ngokutjhelelako nangendlelaeveza imizwa ngokukarisako; tjengisa izwelomanqophana nemibono ehlukahlukeneko nezintoeziphathelene namasiko.

■ tlola abe athule amatheksti okungewakhengokukhambelanisa, ngokuhlanganisaimicabango nangenembo; faneza amathekstingepumelelo kubamukelilwazi, umnqopho,amajamo namabumbeko ahlukahlukaneko;bumba imibono namaphuzu asekelako ngendlelaebambelelako, ayenze ukholwe netjengisaikghono lokubumba nokuveza ubufakazibesitayela sakhe; buyekeza abe alungiseiimphoso zemitlolo ngokwakhe ukuqinisekisaukuthi zibe ngcono khulu.

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5 60-79%Ukuzuza

ngokukarisako(Kuragela phambili)

■ zwisisa bekasebenzise izakhi nemithetjhwanayelimi ngokunemba nangokuzithembaokutjengisa ituthuko; lemuka, arhumutjhe,atsenge, ahlathulule imehluko ebhacilekohlangana neenhlathululo nemisebenzi yamagamakanye nokwakheka kwawo esikhathini esinengi;lemuka, atsenge, ahlathulule abasebenziseimihlobohlobo yezakhi zemitjho ngeminqophoetjengisa ukusetjenziswa kwelimikwangamalanga woke nesithintela sesitayelaesikhathini esinengi; tjengisa ilwazi elihlelokusebenzisa ihlelo nelwazi- magama.

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■ zwisisa bekasebenzise, izakhi nemithetjhwanayelimi ngokuzithemba nangenembo elikhulako;rhumutjha, tsenga abahlathulule imehlukohlangana nehlathululo nemisebenzi yamagamakanye nokwakheka kwawo esikhathini esinengi;lemuka, atsenge, ahlole abe asebenziseimihlobohlobo yezakhi zemitjhongokweminqopho etjengisa ukusetjenziswakwelimi kwangamalanga woke nesithintelasesitayela esikhathini esiningi; tjengisa indlelaehle khulu yokusebenzisa ihlelo nelwazi-magama.

■ zwisisa bekasebenzise izakhi nemithetjhwanayelimi ngenembo nangokuzithemba; rhumutjha,atsenge abe ahlathulule imehluko ebhacilekohlangana nehlathululo nemisebenzi yamagamakanye nokwakheka kwawo; lemuka, atsenge,ahlole abe asebenzise imihlobohlobo yezakhizemitjho ngokweminqopho etjengisaukusetjenziswa kwelimi kwagamalanga wokenesithintela sesitayela; tjengisa indlela ehlekhulu yokusebenzisa ihlelo nelwazi-magama.

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4 50-59%Ukuzuza

ngokwanelisako

Ekugcineni kweBanga le-10 umfundi ozuzangokwanelisako anga-:

■ khuluma abe ethule amatheksti ngokukhambelanisanangokuhlanganisa imicabango, nangokuzithembaokwanelisako; tjengisa ngokwanelisako iyelelonokusebenzisa ilimi elitjengisa izwelo nehlonipho;lalela ngokuhlola ukuze alemuke abahlathululengokweminqopho ehlukahlukeneko kodwanaahlangabezane nobudisi ekutsengeninekuhlathululeni; sebenzisa ngokwanelisako ilimingokutjhelelako nokuveza imizwa ebujameniobujayelekileko bokuthintana.

■ lemuka ahlathulule amatheksti ngokuzithembaokwanelisako nakafundako nalokha nakabukelakokodwana ahlangabezane nobudisi ekutsengeninekuhlathululeni ilwazi elithileko; tjengisaukuzwisisa okwanelisako nalokha nakasekelaimibonwakhe; fundela phezulu ngokutjhelelakonokuveza imizwa ngokwanelisako; tjengisa izweloelanelisako manqophana nemibonoehlukahlukeneko kanye nezinye izintoeziphathelene namasiko.

■ tlola abathule amatheksti okuzithomela, atjengiseukukhambelana nokuhlangana kwemicabangonenembo elanelisako; faneza amathekstikubamukelilwazi, iminqopho, amajamonamabumbeko ahlukahlukeneko; hlela imibononamaphuzu asekelako ngendlela ezeleko eqalekilokho akutlolako ngokwanelisako kodwanangobufakazi obuthileko bokutjengisa ikghonolokubumba nesitayela ekungesakhe; buyekezabekahlele iimphoso zomtlolo ngokuhlahlwaukuqinisekisa ituthuko.

IBanga 10

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Ekugcineni kweBanga le-11 umfundi ozuzangokwanelisako anga-:

■ khuluma abe ethule amatheksti ngokukhambelanisanangokuhlanganisa imicabango kodwanangokuzithemba okwanelisako; tjengisa iyelelo eliyangokukhula nokusebenzisa ilimi eliveza izwelolokuvuthwa nokukhula kanye nehlonipho; lalelangokuhlola ukuze akghone ukurhumutjhanokuhlathulula ilwazi kodwana atjengiseukungazithembi nasele atsenga nanyana ahlolangokweminqopho ehlukahlukeneko; sebenzisa ilimingokutjhelela okwanelisako nokuveza imizwaebujameni obujayelekileko bokuthintana.

■ rhumutjha abatsenge amatheksti ngokuzithembaokwanelisako nakafundako nalokhanakabukelako kodwana abe nobudisi obuthilekoekutsengeni nekuhlathululeni; kghonangokuzwisisa kwanelisako, ukuqinisekisanokusekela imibonwakhe; fundela phezulungokutjhelela okwanelisako nokuveza imizwangokwanelisako; tjengisa izwelo manqophananemibono ehlukahlukeneko nezintoeziphathelene namasiko.

■ tlola abe ethule amatheksti ngokuzithomela,ukukhambelana nokuhlangana kwemicabangonangenembo elanelisako; faneza amathekstingokuvamileko kubamukelilwazi, umnqopho,amajamo namabumbeko ahlukahlukeneko; hlelangokwanelisako imibono namaphuzu asekelakongendlela ezeleko eqale kilokho akutlolako begoduabe nobufakazi obuthileko bekghono lokubumbanokuveza isitayela sakhe; buyekeza bekahleleumtlolo ngokuhlahlwa okuthileko ukuqinisekisaituthuko.

Ekugcineni kweBanga le-12umfundi ozuzangokwanelisako anga-:

■ khuluma abe ethule amatheksti ngokuzithemba,ngokukhambelanisa nangokuhlanganisaimicabango; tjengisa iyelelo elithuthukakonokusebenzisa ilimi eliveza izwelo nehlonipho;lalela ngokuhlola ukuze akghone ukurhumutjhanokutsenga ilwazi ngokweminqophoehlukahlukeneko kodwana atjengiseukungazithembi okuthileko nakahlokako nalokhanakahlanganisako; sebenzisa ilimi ngokutjhelelaokwanelisako nokuveza imizwa ebujameniobujayelekileko bokuthintana.

■ rhumutjha, abatsenge amatheksti ngokuzithembaokwanelisako, nakafundako nalokhanakabukelako kodwana atjengiseukungazithembi okuthileko nakahlolako; fundelaphezulu ngokutjhelela nokuveza imizwaokwanelisako; tjengisa ukuzwisisanakaqinisekisa nokusekela imibonwakhe;tjengisa izwelo emibonweni ehlukahlukenekonezintweni eziphathelene namasiko.

■ tlola abe ethule amatheksti ngokuzithomela,ngokukhambelanisa nangokuhlanganisaimicabango nangenembo elanelisako; fanezaamatheksti kubamukelilwazi, umnqopho, amajamonamabumbeko ahlukahlukeneko; hlelangokwanelisako imibono namaphuzu asekelakoezeleko nenomnqopho isikhathi esinengi begoduabe nobufakazi obuthileko bekghono lokubumbanokuveza isitayela sakhe; buyekeza bekahleleumtlolo ngokuhlahlwa okuthileko ukuqinisekisaituthuko.

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4 50-59% Ukuzuza

ngokwanelisako(Kuragela phambili)

■ zwisisa bekasebenzise izakhi nemithetjhwanayelimi ngenembo elamukelekako alemuke,arhumutjhe, atsenge abahlathulule iinhlathululonemisebenzi yamagama kanye nokwakhekakwawo ngenembo elanelisako; lemuka, atsenge,ahlole bekasebenzise imihlobohlobo yemitjhongeminqopho etjengisa ukusetjenziswa kwelimikwangamalanga woke nesithintela sesitayelakodwana lokho ukwenza ngamaphuthaasepepeneneni; tjengisa ikghono alemukelokusebenzisa ihlelo nelwazi-magama.

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■ zwisisa bekasebenzise izakhi nemithetjhwanayelimi ngenembo elanelisako; rhumutjha, tsengaabe ahlathulule iinhlathululo nemisebenziyamagama nokwakheka kwawo nokutjhejaamanye amagama anemiqondo ebhacilekongenembo elanelisako; lemuka, atsenge, ahlolebekasebenzise imihlobohlobo yezakhi zemitjhongokweminqopho etjengisa ukusetjenziswakwelimi kwangamalanga woke nesithintelasesitayela kodwana enze iimphoso; tjengisaikghono elamukelekako lokusebenzisa ihlelonelwazi-magama.

■ zwisisa bekasebenzise izakhi nemithetjhwanayelimi ngenembo elanelisako eliya ngokukhula;rhumutjha, atsenge imehluko ebhacilekohlangana iinhlathululo yamagama kanyenokwakheka kwawo ngenembo elanelisako;lemuka, atsenge, ahlole bekasebenziseimihlobohlobo zemitjho ngokweminqophoetjengisa ukusetjenziswa kwelimikwangamalanga woke nesithintela sesitayelakodwana akhambe enza iimphoso ezincani;tjengisa ikghono elamukelekako lokusebenzisaihlelo nelwazi-magama.

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3 40-49% Ukuzuzangokulingeneko

Ekugcineni kweBanga-10 umfundi, ozuzangokulingeneko anga-:

■ khuluma abe athule amathekstingokukhambelanisa nokuhlanganisa imicabangongokulingeneko; tjengisa iyelelo elilingenekonokusebenzisa ilimi elitjengisa izwelonehlonipho; lalela ngokuhlola ukuze lemuka,arhumutjhe, atsenge bekahlathulule ilwazingokweminqopho ehlukeneko; sebenzisa ilimingokutjhelela okulinge neko nokuveza imizwangokulingeneko ebujameni obujayelekilekobokuthintana.

■ lemuka beka rhumutjhe amathekstingokulingeneko nakafundako nalokhanakabukelako abe nobudisi obukhulunakatsengako nalokha nakahlathululako; tjengisaukuzwisisa okulingeneko begodu anikelebekasekela imibonwakhe; fundela phezulungokutjhelela nokuveza imizwa okulingeneko;tjengisa izwelo elilingeneko emibonweniehlukeneko nezintweni eziphathelene namasiko.

■ tjheja ngokulingeneko ukuveza amathekstiwokuzithomela akhambelanisa nahlanganisaimicabango kanye namatheksti anenembonakatlolako nalokha ethulako; faneza amathekstikubamukelilwazi abahlukeneko, iminqopho,amajamo namabumbeko ahlukahlukenekongokulingeneko; thuthukisa ngokuli ngenekoimibono begodu namaphuzu asekelako kodwanangekghono elincani lokubumba, nendlela encaneeqale kilokho akutlolako; tjengisa ubufakaziobulingeneko besitayela sakhe; buyekezabekahlele umtlolo ngokuhlahlwa ukuqinisekisaituthuko.

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Ekugcineni kweBanga le-11 umfundi ozuzangokulingeneko anga-:

■ khuluma abe athule amatheksti,ngokukhambelanisa kanye nokuhlanganisaimicabango ngokulingeneko; tjengisa iyeleloelilingeneko nokusebenzisa ilimi elitjengisa izwelonehlonipho; lalela ngokuhlola ngokulingenekoukuze arhumutjhe bekatsenge ngokweminqophoehlukahlukeneko kodwana abe nobudisibokutsenga, ukuhlola nokuhlathulula; sebenzisailimi elitjengisa ukutjhelela okulingenekonokuveza imizwa ngokulingeneko ebujameniobujayelekileko bokuthintana.

■ rhumutjha abe tsenge amatheksti ngokulingenekonakafundako nalokha nakabukelako kodwanaahlangabezane nobudisi nakahlolako nalokhanakahlathulula ilwazi; tjengisa ukuzwisisaokwaneleko nakaveza imibonwakhe kodwanaabhalelwe kusekela ngokwaneleko; fundelaphezulu ngokutjhelela okulingeneko nokuvezaimizwa; tjengisa izwelo elilingeneko manqophananemibono ehlukahlukeneko kanye nezintoeziphathelene namasiko.

■ nikela itjhejo elilingeneko amathekstiniwokuzithomela, ngokukhambelanisanangokuhlanganisa imicabango nangenembonakatlolako nalokha nakethulako; fanezaamatheksti kubamukelilwazi, umnqopho,amajamo namabumbeko ahlukahlukeneko; hlelaimibono namaphuzu wokusekelangokulingeneko kodwana kube kungabinekghono lokubumba; veza ubufakaziobulingeneko besitayela sakhe; buyekezaabalungise iimphoso zomtlolo kodwanaakwenze ngokusizwa okunengi okuqinisekisaukuwenza ngcono umsebenzakhe.

Ekugcineni kweBanga le-12umfundi ozuzangokulingeneko anga-:

■ khuluma abe athule amathekstingokukhambelanisa nangokuhlanganisaimicabango, tjengisa iyelelo nokusebenzisa ilimielitjengisa izwelo nehlonipho; lalela ngokuhlolaukuze arhumutjhe, atsenge ngokulingenekokodwana atlhage ngokuhlola nokuhlanganisailwazi ngokomnqopho okhethekileko; sebenzisailimi ngokutjhelelako nokuveza imizwa,ngokulingeneko ebujameni obujayelekilekobokuthintana.

■ rhumutjha abe atsenge amathekstingokulingeneko nakafundako nalokhanakabukelako, begodu ukghona ukuhlola abeahlanganise ilwazi; tjengisa ukuzwisisaokwaneleko ekuvezeni imibonwakhe; fundelaphezulu ngokutjhelelako nokuveza imizwangokulingeneko; tjengisa izwelo lemibonoehlukahlukeneko nezinto eziphathelenenamasiko.

■ nikela itjhejo elilingeneko emathekstiniwokuzithomela ngokukhambelanisanangokuhlanganisa imicabango nenembonakatlolako nalokha nakethulako; fanezaamatheksti kubamukelilwazi, umnqopho,amajamo namabumbeko ahlukahlukeneko; hlelaimibonwakhe namaphuzu ngokulingenekonamkha ukuveza ubufakazi besitayela sakhe;buyekeza abe alungise iimphoso zomtlolwakhekodwana atlhoge ukusizwa ngokulingeneko.

■ zwisisa ngokulingeneko izakhi nemithetjhwana

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3 40-49% Ukuzuza

ngokulingeneko(Kuragela phambili)

■ zwisisisa ngokulingeneko izakhinemithetjhwana yelimi begodu azisebenzisengenembo ngesinye isikhathi; lemukaabarhumutjhe ngokulingeneko ihlathululoyamagama nokwakheka kwawo kodwanaahlangabezane nobudisi ekutsengeninekuhlathululeni imisebenzi yamagama begodualemuke ngokulingeneko imehluko ebhacileko;lemuka, atsenge, ahlathulule abasebenziseimihlobohlobo yezakhi zemitjho ngefanelongokweminqopho etjengisa ukusetjenziswakwelimi kwangamalanga woke kodwana enzeiimphoso ezinengi ezisepepeneneni; tjengisaikghono elilingeneko lokusebenzisa iliminelwazi-magama.

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■ zwisisa ngokulingeneko izakhi nemithetjhwanayelimi begodu ayisebenzisa ngenemba kwesinyeisikhathi rhumutjha bekatsenge ngokulinge;lemuka ngokungakavami arhumutjhe abeanikele ihlathululo yamagama kodwanaahlangabezane nobudisi ekuhlathululeniimisebenzi yamagama nokwakheka kwawobegodu uhlangabezana nobudisi bokuhlukanisaimehluko ebhacileko; tsenga hlathulule abeasebenzise imihlobohlobo yezakhi zemitjhongenembo elamukelekako ngokweminqophoetjengisa ukusetjenziswa kwelimikwangamalanga woke kodwana enze iimphosoezisepepeneneni; tjengisa ikghono elilingenekolokusebenzisa ihlelo nelwazi-magama.

yelimi begodu ayisebenzisa ngenemba kwesinyeisikhathi rhumutjha bekatsenge ngokulinge;lemuka ngokungakavami arhumutjhe abeanikele ihlathululo yamagama kodwanaahlangabezane nobudisi ekuhlathululeniimisebenzi yamagama nokwakheka kwawobegodu uhlangabezana nobudisi bokuhlukanisaimehluko ebhacileko; tsenga hlathulule abeasebenzise imihlobohlobo yezakhi zemitjhongenembo elamukelekako ngokweminqophoetjengisa ukusetjenziswa kwelimikwangamalanga woke kodwana enze iimphosoezisepepeneneni; tjengisa ikghono elilingenekolokusebenzisa ihlelo nelwazi-magama.

Ekugcineni kweBanga le-12 umfundi ozuza

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2 30-39% Ukuzuza

ngokwengcenye

Ekugcineni kweBanga le-10 umfundi ozuzangokwengcenye kuhle anga-:

■ khuluma abe athule amatheksti ngokungabazaangavami kodwana ukukhambelanisanokuhlanganisa imicabango; sebenzisa ilimikodwana atjengise ukutlhogeka okukhulukweyelelo lelimi elitjengisa izwelo nehlonipho;lalela ngokuhlola okungavami khulu alemukenamkha arhumutjhe, atsenge bekahlathulule ilwazielifanele minqopho ehlukeneko; sebenzisangokungavami ilimi ngokutjhelelako begodunokuzethula emajameni ajayelekilekowokuthintana.

■ lemuka ngokungakavami bekarhumutjheamatheksti nakafundako nalokha nakabukelakobegodu angatlhaga ukutsenga nokuhlathululailwazi elithileko;tjengisa ukuzwisisangokungavami namkha ukuthula imibonwakhebegodu angayisekela ngobudisi; fundela phezulungokunande aphumula atjengisa ukutjhelelanokuveza imizwa okuncani; tjengisa izwelongokungakavami emibonweni ehlukenekonezintweni eziphathelene namasiko.

■ tlola bekathule amatheksti kodwana atjengiseukuzithomela, ukukhambelanisanokuhlanganiswa kwemicabango namkha itjhejokubamukelikwazi, iminqopho, amajamonamabumbeko ahlukahlukeneko; thuthukisangokungakavami imibono namaphuzuwokusekela nanyana atjengise ikghono nanyanaisitayela sakhe; buyekeza abe ahlele umtlolongokuhlahlwa okuhlala kunjalo kodwanaatjengise ituthuko encani.

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Ekugcineni kweBanga le-11 umfundi ozuzangokwengcenye anga-:

■ khuluma abe ethule amatheksti kodwanaukukhambelanisa nokuhlanganisa imicabangoakukavami; tjengisa iyelelo elincani leliminokusetjenziswa kwelimi elitjengisa izwelonehlonipho; lalela ngokuhlola okungakavamiukuze arhumutjhe, atsenge, ahlole begoduahlanganise ilwazi leminqopho ehlukeneko;sebenzisa ngokungakavami ilimingokutjhelelako nangendlela eveza imizwa.

■ rhumutjha ngokungakavami amathekstibekatsenge nakafundako nalokha nakabukelakokodwana abe nobudisi obukhulu ekuhloleninekuhlathululeni ilwazi; tjengisa ukuzwisisangokungavami namkha ukuveza imibonwakhekodwana abe uyisekela kancani; fundela phezulungokunande aphumula atjengise ukutjhelelanokuveza imizwa okuncani; tjengisa izweloelincani manqophana nemibonoehlukahlukeneko nezinto eziphathelenenamasiko.

■ tlola abe ethule amatheksti kodwana atjengiseokuncani ukuzithomela, ukukhambelanisanokukuhlanganisa imicabango kanye nenembo;yelela kancani abamukelilwazi, iminqopho,amajamo namabumbeko ahlukahlukeneko; thulaimibono namaphuzu wokusekelangokungakavami namkha atjengise ikghonolokubumba nesitayela sakhe ngokuvamileko;buyekeza begodu ahlele umsebenzakhenngokuhlale asizwa ngaso soke isikhathikodwana akavami ukutjengisa ituthuko.

ngokwengcenye anga-:

■ khuluma abe ethule amatheksti kodwanaukukhambelanisa nokuhlanganisa imicabangoakukavami; tjengisa iyelelo elithile leliminokusetjenziswa kwelimi elitjengisa izwelonehlonipho; lalela ngokuhlola okungavamiukuze arhumutjhe, atsenge, ahlole begoduahlanganise ilwazi leminqopho ehlukeneko;sebenzisa ngokungakavami ilimingokutjhelelako nangendlela eveza imizwa.

■ rhumutjha ngokungakavami amatheksti lokhanakafundako nalokha nakabukelako kodwana abenobudisi bokutsenga, ukuhlola nokuhlanganisailwazi; tjengisa ukuzwisisa okuthile nokuvezaimibonwakhe kodwana ayisekele kancani; fundelaphezulu ngokunande aphumula, atjengiseukutjhelela nokuveza imizwa kancani; tjengisaizwelo elincani manqophana nemibonoehlukahlukeneko nezinto eziphathelene namasiko.

■ tlola abe ethule amatheksti kodwana atjengiseokuncani ukuzithomela, ukukhambelanisa,nokukuhlanganisa imicabango kanye nenembo;yelela kancani abamukelilwazi, iminqopho,amajamo namabumbeko ahlukahlukaneko; thulaimibono namaphuzu wokusekela kanye atjengiseikghono lokubumba nesitayela sakhengokuvamileko; buyekeza begodu ahleleumsebenzakhe ngokuhlale asizwa ngaso sokeisikhathi kodwana akavami ukutjengisa ituthuko.

■ zwisisa izakhi nemithetjhwana ezithileko zelimi

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2 30-39% Ukuzuza

ngokwengcenye(Kuragela phambili)

■ zwisisa ngokungakavami izakhi nemithetjhwanayelimi begodu uba nobudisi bokuzisebenzisangenembo; lemuka nokurhumutjha imehlukoyeenhlathululo zamagama ajayelekilekonokwakheka kwawo kodwana abe nobudisikanye nemiraro ekutsengeni nekuhlathululeniimisebenzi yayo; sebenzisa ngokungakavamiizakhi zemitjho ezijayelekilekongokweminqopho etjengisa ukusetjenziswakwelimi kwangamalanga woke begodu enzeiimphoso ezinengi khulu; tjengisa ikghonoelincani lokusebenzisa ihlelo nelwazi-magama.

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■ zwisisa nokusebenzisa ngokungakavami izakhinemithetjhwana yelimi ngenembo; rhumutjhaabe atsenge imehluko eenhlathululwenizamabizo avamileko kodwana athole ubudisibokuhlola nokuhlathulula imisebenzi yamagamaajayelekileko nokwakheka kwawo; rhumutja,tsenga, hlathulula nokusebenzisangokungakavami izakhi zemitjho ngefanelongeminqopho etjengisa ukusetjenziswa kwelimikwangamalanga woke begodu enze iimphosoezinengi; tjengisa ikghono elincanilokusebenzisa ihlelo nelwazi-magama.

kodwana ngokungakavami azisebenzisengenembo; rhumutjha imiqondo yamagamaajayelekileko kodwana uhlangabezana nomraroomkhulu nakatsengako nalokha nakarhumutjhaumsebenzi wamagama kanye nokwakhiwakwawo; rhumutja, tsenga, hlathululanokusebenzisa izakhi zemitjho ngempumeleloencane ngeminqopho etjengisa ukusetjenziswakwelimi kwangamalanga woke begodu enzeiimphoso; tjengisa ikghono elincanilokusebenzisa ihlelo nelwazi-magama.Ekugcineni kweBanga le-12 umfundi ozuza

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1 0-29%Ukuzuza

ngokungakaneli

Ekugcineni kweBanga le-10 umfundi ozuzangokunganeli anga-:

■ khuluma abe ethule amatheksti kodwanangokungakhambelani khulu kwemicabango;hluleka ukutjengisa ilemuko nanyanaukusebenzisa ilimi elitjengisa izwelonehlonipho; lalela ngokuhlola okungakavami;khulu ukuze alemuke, arhumutjhe nanyanaatsenge bekahlathulule ilwazi ngeminqophoehlukeneko; sebenzisa ngokungavami khuluilimi ngokutjhelelako nangendlela eveza imizwaemajameni ajayelekileko wokuthintana.

■ lemuka, tsenga namkha ahlathulule amathekstikancani nakafundako nanyana nakabukelakongokungakavami khulu; tjengisa ngokungavamikhuluvi ukuzwisisa namkha ukuvezaimibonwakhe begodu ayisekele ngokungavami,fundela phezulu ngendlela enganelisikongendlela enganathonya nangendlela ephezeingayivezi imizwa; tjengisa ngokungavamiizwelo emibonweni ehlukeneko nezintwenieziphathelene namasiko;

■ tlola abe ethule kodwana pheze angatjengisiikghono lokuzithomela, lokukhambelananokuhlangana kwemicabango nanyanaukunemba; hluleka ukutjengisa iyelelolabamukelilwazi, iminqopho, amajamonamabumbeko ahlukahlukeneko; tlolangokungavami okufundekako nanyanaukutjengisa ubufakazi besitayela sakhe begoduamaphuzu wokusekela ahlangahlangenengendlela eyenza itheksti ingazwakali; buyekezanokuhlela ngokungavami khulu umtlolwakheukulungisa iimphoso.

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Ekugcineni kweBanga le-11 umfundi ozuzangokungakaneli anga-:

■ khuluma abe ethule amatheksti kodwanangokukhambelana okungakavami khulukwemicabango; hluleka ukutjengisa ilemukole/nanyana ukusebenzisa ilimi elitjengisa izwelonehlonipho; lalela okungavami ngokuhlola ukuzealemuke, arhumutjhe, atsenge bekahlathululeilwazi ngeminqopho ehlukeneko; sebenzisangokungavami khulu ilimi ngokutjhelelakonangendlela eveza imizwa emajameniajayelekileko wokuthintana.

■ rhumutjha atsenge, ahlole abe ahlathululeamatheksti ngokungavami khulu nakafundakonanyana nakabukelako; tjengisa ngokungavamikhulu ukuzwisisa nanyana ukuveza umbonowakhe namkha ukuwusekela; fundela phezulukodwana kumbi khulu, ukufunda kwakheakunakutjhelela namkha ukuveza imizwa,tjengisa ngokungavami izwelo elincani khulumanqophana nemibono yabanye kanye nezinyeizinto eziphathelene namasiko.

■ tlola abe ethule amatheksti kodwana avezengokungavami ubufakazi obuncanibokuzithomela, bokukhambelanisanokuhlanganisa imicabango kanye nenembo;hlulwa kutjengisa nakancani iyelelokubamukelilwazi, iminqopho, amajamonamabumbeko ahlukahlukeneko; tlolangokungavami okuzwakalako begoduangatjengisi ubufakazi besitayela sakhe; thulaimibono namaphuzu wokusekela kodwakuhlangahlangane; buyekeza nokuhlela wakheumtlolo ukulungisa iimphoso ngokungavami

ngokungakalingani anga-:

■ khuluma abe ethule amatheksti kodwanangokukhambelana okungakavami khulukwemicabango; hluleka ukutjengisa ilemukole/nanyana lokusebenzisa ilimi elitjengisa izwelonehlonipho; lalela ngokuhlola okungavamikhulu ukuze arhumutjhe, nanyana ahlathululeilwazi atsenge, ahlole namkha ahlanganiseilwazi; sebenzisa ngokungavami khulu ilimingokutjhelelako nangendlela eveza imizwangokungakaneli khulu emajameni ajayelekilekowokuthintana.

■ funda abe abukele kodwana ahlangabezanenobudisi obukhulu nakarhumutjhako, atsengako,ahlolako nalokha nakahlanganisa ilwazi; tjengisangokungavami ukuzwisisa nanyana ukuvezaumbono ukuwusekela ngokungavami khulu;fundela phezulu kodwana kumbi khuluukufunda kwakhe akunakutjhelela namkhaukuveza imizwa; tjengisa ngokungavami izweloelincani khulu manqophana nemibono yabanyekanye nezinye izinto eziphathelene namasiko.

■ tlola abe ethule amatheksti kodwana avezeubufakazi obuncani bokuzithomela,ukukhambelanisa nokuhlanganisa imicabangonamkha inembo; hlulwa kutjengisa iyelelokubamukelilwazi, iminqopho, amajamonamabumbeko ahlukahlukeneko; thula imibononamaphuzu wokusekela akhe phezulu nanyanaabuyelele nanyana angatjengisi isitayela sakhe;linga ngokusizwa ukubuyekeza nokuhlelaumtlolo wakhe kodwana ngaphandle kokuzwisisa nokulungisa iimphoso.

■ zwisisa kwaphela izakhi nemithetjhwana

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1 0-29%Ukuzuza

ngokungakaneli(Kuragela phambili)

■ zwisisa kwaphela izakhi nemithetjhwanaesisekelo yelimi kodwana uyisebenzisangokungavami khulu; lemuka, rhumutjha, tsenganokuhlathulula iinhlathululo nemisebenziyamagama ajayelekileko nokwakhekakwamagama ngokungavami khulu; hlulwaukusebenzisa imitjho enezakhi ezizwakalakonanyana iinhlathululo; tjengisa kancani khuluikghono lokusebenzisa ihlelo nelwazi magama.

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khulu.■ zwisisa kwaphela izakhi nemithetjhwana

esisekelo yelimi kodwana uyisebenzisangokungavami; rhumutjha, tsenga, ahlolenokunikela iinhlathululo nemisebenzi yamagamaajayelekileko nezakhi zawo ngokungavamikhulu; sebenzisa imihlobohlobo yezakhizemitjho ngeminqopho etjengisa ukusetjenziswakwelimi kwangamalanga woke ngokungavamikhulu; tjengisa kancani khulu ikghonolokusebenzisa ihlelo nelwazi magama.

esisekelo yelimi kodwana uyisebenzisangokungavami; rhumutjha, tsenga, ahlolenokunikela iinhlathululo nemisebenzi yamagamakanye nezakhi zawo ngokungavami; sebenzisakancani imihlobohlobo yezakhi zemitjhongeminqopho etjengisa ukusetjenziswa kwelimikwangamalanga woke ngokungavami khulu;tjengisa kancani khulu ikghono lokusebenzisaihlelo nelwazi magama.

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96

IGLOZARI

abamukelilwazi – mumuntu nanyana abantu abalalelako, abafundako, nanyana ababukela amathekstingomnqopho wokuthola ilwazi (Isib. abalaleli behlelo lomrhatjho, iindaba)

amabizelo womsebenzi – mabizelo akhona angathathwa nange umfundi alandela iimfundo ezithileko

amaboni/ilemuko – ngilokho umfundi asele akwazi nanyana akuhlukanisa ngombana kwakhe kwamehlelananyana wakubona kusenzeka komunye

amaZinga wokuHlola – ziindlela ezisetjenziselwa ukuhlola ilwazi ekupheleni kwebanga elithileko

amagama asetjenziswa elimini – magama, indlela nehlelo lelimi elisetjenziswa batloli neenkhulumi ebujameniobuhlukahlukeneko (Isib. Iincwadi zangokomthetho zitlolwa ngelimi elihloniphako kodwana zobunganizitlolwa ngelimi elikhululekileko)

amagrafigi – ziinthombe ezimiphumela yobuthakgha bokubukelwako nobethekhnigi njengamagwalo,ukudizayina, njll

amakghono wokufunda igama – makghono wokufunda amagama angaziwako (Isib. ukuhlukanisa ngeenhlavunokuqala ihlathululo,iinthomo, iinlungelelo)

amano wekulumo-buthakgha – mamano (Isib. ukuphumula, ukubuyelela, iindatjana ezihlekisako)asetjenziswa sikhulumi ukukholisa abalaleli

amatheksti abukelwako – mtlolo wananyana yini oyibukela ngamehlo. Kungaba sithombe, ifilimu nanyanaitshwayo elitjengisa okuthileko

amatheksti-mbala – ziintlhanywa zananyana yini ezihlukanisakalako zamambala (Isib. amamagazini neendabazamaphephandaba, emrhatjhweni nakumahlukanisakude, iinkhangisi, amalebula wamapakana, iincwajanazokuvakatjha, amaforomo wombuso, iimbonelo zeencwadi zamambala

amatheksti okuthintana – ziintlhanywa zemisebenzi eziphathelene nokuthintana phakathi kwabantu (Isib.incwadi, amaminidi womhlangano, imibiko, amafeksi)

bambelela/raga – kukwenza ikulumo ibambelele nanyana iragele phambili

-bhacileko – yihlathululo efihlakeleko

-fanekisako – yikulumo engakanqophi/ikulumo ejiyileko

-fihlakeleko – ngokutjhiwoko emtlolweni kodwana kungavezwa kuhle kuzwakale


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i-akhronimi namkha ibizo-sirhunyezwa – Ligama elakhiwa ngamaledere wokuthoma wegama (Isibonelo.FET -Further Education and Training)

ibizo-thathela – igama elisuselwa kwelinye (Isib.“Isithonjana” livela egameni “isithombe”)

ibizo-senzo – libizo elisuselwe esenzweni ngokusebenzisa isithomo u-uku- (Isib: - hleka > ukuhleka)

iBhodo yamaLimi woke weSewula Afrika – yibhodo ebekwe yiPalamende yeSewula Afrika ngomnqophowokuthuthukisa woke amalimi angokomthetho eSewula Afrika kanye nokuthuthukisa ubulimi-nengi.idrama/umdlalo – mnyakazo owenziwa badlali ukulingisa into ekholwekako/engakholwekiko ngesikhathibabukelwe ngabanye esiteji

ifanana-kamisa – Libuyelelo lamatjhada wabokamisa egameni (khulukhulu; anokamisa emutjhweni)(Isib.Nakudabuk’ukusa)

ifanana-ngwaqa – kubuyelela itjhada elingungwaqa (Isib. Ngabon’ikwekwezi)

ifana-tjhada – kubuyabuyelela itjhada elifanako, imvamisa itjhada elingukamisa nanyana elingungwaqa Isib:UZaza uzaza angazazi)

ifundo enqophe kubafundi – yifundo etlanywe ngomnqopho wokobana abafundi kube ngibo abalawulairagelo layo phambili

igama elakhelwe kwelokubolekwa – Ligama elakhiwa ngokulisusela kwelinye ilimi elingakajayeleki (Isib:terega < Afrikaans ‘trek’)

igandelelo – magama atjho ukugandelela ihlamvu ethileko egameni

igido – yiphetheni yamatjhada ebuyelelwako emagameni ukuze inikele igido elimnandi nawuwaphimisako

ihlathululo ebhamba – yihlathululo enqophileko(Isib.“ukunona” kuhlathulula ukuba nomzimba omkhulungendlela ehle nethabisako kanti “uliputwana” kuveza ukunona kodwana ihlathululo yakhona yimbi ngombanaifanisa umuntu nefarigi

ihlathululo enqophileko – yihlathululo enqophileko, nanyana etjho lokho okutjhiwoko

ihlathululo-fihlo – yihlathululo efihlakeleko evezwa ligama (Isib: “ukunona” kuhlathulula ukuba nomzimbaomkhulu [ngendlela ehle nethabisako] kanti “uliputwana” uveza ukunona kodwana ihlathululo yakhona yimbingombana ifanisa umuntu nefarigi)

ihluka-lizwi – yiphethini yokuphakama nokwehla kwelizwi okuveza umehluko wokuphinyiswa kweenhlavuzegama emutjhweni(Isib. ihluka-lizwi lingasetjenziselwa ukuveza imiqondo ehlukeneko yegama(Isib:“uyakhamba” - kungaba mbuzo nanyana ikulumo)


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iinrhatjhi – yihlanganisela yamatheksti (efaka okubukelwako, okulalelwako, okufundwako, okutlolwako)

ijagoni – yikulumo namkha amathemu asetjenziswa emsebenzini/ebujameni obuthileko (Isib. Abasebenzisaikhompyutha bakhuluma nge “stiffy”, “RAM”, “mouse”, nokhunye)

ijamo lomzimba – kuqakatheka kokusikinya izitho zomzimba ngehloso yokuveza umlayezo namkhaihlathululo, indlela izitho nanyana isitho somzimba okhulumako asiveza ngakho ngokuqalwa ngamehlo

iklitjhi – ikulumo nanyana umbono osetjenziswa khulu kangangobana ukuqakatheka kwawo akusatjho litho

ikulumo engababaziko – ikulumo engavezi amaqiniso azeleko nanyana imizwa (Isib. “ukuthi ngilambileakusilo iqiniso”)

ilimi elisetjenziswako – lilimi elisetjenziswa ngendlela ejayelekileko, engasiyo yangokomthetho nanyanayamatheksti

ilimi elithinta imizwa – ilimi elivusa imizwa ebukhali

ilimi-fihlo – kusebenzisa ilimi ngomnqopho wokuvimba omunye umqondo walokho okutjhoko

ilimi lamatshwayo – lilimi lokusebenzisa amatshwayo enziwa ngezandla kanye nangeminyakazo yezitho,njengokuthintitha ihloko nawalako nanyana nawuvumako. Leli limi lingelinye lamalimi wangokomthethoeSewula Afrika

iLimi leKhaya/lokuBelethwa – lilimi umfundi alifunda kumbelethi ombelethako. Lilimi lokumunywaekungelakamma obeletha umfundi, isikhathi esinengi. Lilimi umntwana alifunda ekhaya. Lilimi afunda ngaloukucabanga nokuthintana nabanye

ilimi lezitho zomzimba – lilimi elizwisiseka ngokusebenzisa izitho zomzimba, ekungaba lijamo ukunyakazisaumzimba, ubujamo bobuso njll

ilimi lokufunda elinye ilimi – lilimi elisetjenziselwa ukuzwisisa elinye ilimi. Kufakwa hlangana itheminoloji“njengobujamo”, “isakhiwo” “nekulumo pendulwano”

ilimi lokufunda ngokuthinta ngemino – lilimi elifundwa ngokusebenzisa imizwa yemino ngesimangasokobana litlolwa ngokuqhofoza ephepheni ngomsobakhona oveza amaqhuqhuvana amancani ephepheni.Lilimi elisetjenziswa babantu abangaboniko

ilimi lokufunda nokufundisa – lilimi elisetjenziselwa ukufundisa nokufunda (esikolweni)

ilimi lobuqobolwana – lilimi elinqophe ekufumaneni amathuba wokwenza omunye akholwe okutjhoko ukubeuyamkhohlisa


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ilimi lokungezelela – ngelinye ilimi elifundwa mfundi ngaphandle kwelimi lakhe lekhaya. (Isib:IsiNgisisisetjenziselwa ukufunda nokufundisa isayensi okwanje)

ikolelo enganabufakazi – kukholelwa ngaphandle kokuthola ubufakazi ngalokho okucabangako

ilizwi – lilizwi lomtloli. Lokha ufunda nanyana uqala umtlolo ukghona ukuyelela umnqopho womtloli

ilizwi lomcoci /lomdembi – lilizwi lomuntu ococa indaba

ilwazi – likghono lokudlulisa nokusebenzisa ilwazi ngeminqopho ehlukahlukeneko kanye nobujamo begodunokutlola ngeminqopho eminengi ehlukahlukeneko, ikghono lokubeka umtlolo ngendlela yokutlola ukuzekuvumele umuntu aveze ibhoduluko lakhe

imalaphrophizimu/ukuhlanakela ngephoso – kuphambanisa nokuraranisa amagama ngomnqopho wokufunaukubukwa ngendlela yokobana lamagama nanyana apheze aphimiseke ngokufana kodwana ahlukengokwaneleko ukobana angahlekisa ngesimanga sokobana angakafaneli

imehluko yelimi – kuhluka kwelimi ngendlela elikhulunywa ngakho emphakathini njemgelimi lesigodi,isitsotsi

umebhe-mqondo – mgwalo wamagama neenthombe ezihlanganiswe ngemida, ukuze zinikele ummongo-ndabananyana isihloko

imithetho yokudlhegana – mithetho esekela ukutjhidelana kweenkulumo zabantu (Isib. ukuvumela ukuvezwakwemibono yabanye, ukubuyelela umbono ngomnqopho wokuhlathulula, ukungenelela ngomnqophowokubuyisela ikulumo endleleni efaneleko, ukubawa ihlathululo)

indatjana eyakhe yavelela okhulumako – ziindaba zezehlakalo zokuthabisa, zehliziyo embi (ilunya),nanyana ukuveza umlingisi

indlela – kuneendlela ezahlukahlukeneko zokuthintana njengokutlola, ukukhuluma, ukubukela, (kufakwenamatjhadi). Ilwazi lingatjhugululwa lisuswe kwenye indlela lisiwe kwenye (Isib. Ukutlola isigaba,ukutjhugulula ilwazi lisuswe emtlolweni wokukhulunywako kulebulwe isithombe)

ingcoco – yindaba, inolwani nanyana ikulumo yezehlakalo. Izehlakalo zihlelwa ngendlela yokobana kubenokuzwakala ngokukhambelana kwezehlakalo mfundi nanyana umlaleli into oyikhulumako

ipuni namkha ukudlala ngamagama/idlalo-magama – kudlala ngamagama afanako nanyana afanangomdumo (isb. “unomlandu anganamlandu”)

isitayela – yindlela yokusebenzisa ilimi ngokuqalisa kizo zoke iinungo zolimi

ithesarasi – isihlathululi-magama esinikela nanyana esihlathulula amagama akhethekileko njengamagamaafanako, aphikisanako nanyana wesifundo esithileko


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iphimbo – liphimbo nanyana ukuzwakala kwelizwi okudlulisa umuzwa othileko ngokwekulumo nanyanaumtlolo ovezwa mamazwi efilimini, ilizwi alingavezwa mvumo nanyana indawo

iqhinga/indlela – yindlela nanyana iqhinga lokurarulula umraro

irarano/ ukuqhulana – kukulwa nanyana ukuphikisana okuvela hlangana nabalingisi bodwa nanyanakwabalingisi nobujamo obuthileko bezinto. Irarano lingavela ekuqhulaneni kwemicabango yomlingisi ayedwa

iridandensi – kusetjenziswa kwamagama nemitjhwana engatlhogekiko

irhwala – yikulumo ethuwelelisako ehlathulula into ngendlela eyenza ibe yikulu kunalokho engikho (Isib.“Wangiphakela intaba yomratha ”)

irhobelo – malunga wegama wokugcina/wokuthoma afanako ekuthomeni nanyana ekugcineni komuda(ekondlweni)

irhobho-ndaba/ibohlololo – kungazaliseki kwesiphetho egade silindelwe, sekunalokho indaba yehliswesisehlakalo nje esingatjho litho namkha esilihlaya eliseqadi

isakhiwo/isizinda – yindlela eveza indawo, umraro nabalingisi emtlolweni wamanovela, amadrama. Sivezaukulamana kwezehlakalo, iphetheni yetjhebiswano hlangana kwezehlakalo nokurarana

isakhiwo somtlolo – yindlela umtlolo obumbeke ngayo

isathaya – mathebeti aziveza nanyana ahlola umukghwa omumbi

isendlalelo/ingemuva – yindawo lapho kubekwe khona into engakaqakatheki esithombeni ngemuva nanyanaikulumo eyethula ummongo wendaba

isenzo esipheleleko – sisenzo esinehloko

isenzukuthi – kusebenzisa amagama ukwakha imidumo eyenziwa ngilokho okhulma ngakho (Isib. Umbaniuthi tseke)

isifaniso – kumadanisa into ethileko nenye ( Isib. njenge-, njenga-, kwe-)

isihlanganiso – ligama elisetjenziselwa ukuhlanganisa imitjho emibili ube munye

isirhatjhi segezi – sirhatjhi esisebenzisa igezi nanyana ama-lektronigi

isinemathografi – maqhinga asetjenziswa ekwakhiweni kwefilimu (njengokwakheka, umkhanyo nemihloboyemifanekiso)

isingathekiso – kuhlathulula okhunye ngokusebenzisa okhunye okunamatshwayo afanako (Isib. Ifundosilodlhelo esinqophe epumelelweni)

isiphikisi – ligama elinehlathululo ephikisana neyelinye (Isib. “thaba” no “dana”)

isirhumutjha – lilimi elingasilo langokomthetho (elingakamukelwa) elivame ukusetjenziswa siqhemaesithileko (Isib. “gcwala” “ngimnandi”,“nginje”

isithintela/umphumela – ngokwenza into ethileko ithinteke ngokhunye okwenzekako/umphumela wesehlakaloesithileko

isithombe-ngqondo – magama akha imifanekiso engqondweni (Isib: isifaniso, isingathekiso ukwenza-samuntu)

isithwala-lwazi – yincwadi oyisebenzisa ngombana ufuna ukuthola ilwazi elithileko kiyo

isitlhori/isiqongo – Lizinga eliphezulu kunawo woke (lokugcina) lesehlakalo endabeni. Lelizinga liqakathekekhulu.Sisehlakalo esizidlula zoke izehlakalo ngokuqakatheka okuthusako/okukarisako nanyana okwenzekakoendabeni

isizinda esisekelako – sisehlakalo esisekela esikhulu/esikhambisana nesikhulu emdlalweni nanyana kunovela

itshimo – kukutjho nanyana ukutlola usebenzise ikulumo ephambene nalokho umuntu akutjhoko ngomnqophowokukhubekisa nanyana ukuhlekisa ngomunye(Isib.Siyathaba bonyana sikubekele ukudla ngombana uyikosi)

itshimo lomdlalo – sisakhiwo somdlalo esivumela abamukelilwazi bonyana bazi ngcono ukudlula abalingisingalokho okwenzekako

itshwayana – maganyana nanyana isithonjana esiba ngehla nanyana ngenzasi komtlolo otlolweko, kungabasihlokwana njll

itshwayo – ngokujamele okuthileko (Isib. Izuba lijamele ukuthula)

izakhi zelimi – yindlela ilimi lakheka ngayo (iingcezu zekulumo, iimfenqo nokhunye)

-madanisako/-khulisako – mazinga wokumadanisa nokukhulisa (njengeemphawulo neembaluli u - “omkhulu”,omkhudlwana” ,“omkhulu khulu”

madanisa – kuveza ukuhluka kwezinto ukuveza ukufana kwezinto

mqondo-nengi – ligama linye elineenhlathululo ezinengi (Isib. Bhula-ukuhlukanisa iinthoro zamabelenesiqwambe namkha ukuyokubuza esangomeni)


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-nqophileko – yihlathululo enqophileko, ezwakalako netsengileko (iphambana neemfaniso)

-ngokukholwekako – kubeka ikulumo ngendlela yokoban umuntu akholwe okutjhoko

okubonwako/okubukelwako – ngokubonwako okuletha umlayezo (Isib: imifanekiso yefilimu, iinthombe,imigwalo yekhomphyutha, amakhathuni, imidwebo, okupendiweko

okumumethweko – ngilokho okungaphakathi komtlolo

okusiza ukuzwa nokuhlukanisa – ziinsetjensiwa ezisiza ukuzwa ngeendlebe kanye nokubukela ngamehlo

thanda ubuhle – ngokuphathelene nobuhle nanyana ukukarwa bubuhle bemitlolo

tlhama /thoma - kuthoma into engekho igcine seyikhona

-tsengileko – yihlathululo ezwisisekako, ecacileko, ezwakalako nenqophileko

ubujamo – ziintlhanywa ezitlolwa ngokusetjenziswa kobujamo ngaso soke isikhathi

ubuqondo-munye – mbono/umqondo ongatjhidiko umuntu azakhela wona ngomuntu/ngokuthileko (Isib .Abantu bengubo abathembeki/Abantu abangasibo benarha le ziinlelesi

ubuhlangothi – kuthatha enye into namkha umbono ngendlela yokukhethulula nanyana ukuthanda elinye ihlangothi

ubujamo – yindlela izinto zijame ngayo nanyana kuhlezwi ngayo la indaba yenzeka khona

ubukhulu/umhlobo weledere – bungako bobukhulu beledere elitlolweko nanyana umhlobo wamaledereasetenziselwa ukutlola (Isib.i-12pt kukhompyutha nanyana i- Times New Roman (umhlobo wamaledereasetjenziswako)

ubulimi-nengi bokungezelela – mumuntu nakafunda ilimi (nanyana amalimi) ngokwengeza elimini lakhelekhaya. Lelilimi alithathi indawo yelimi lekhaya kodwana lifundwa kanye kanye nelekhaya. Ehlelwenilobulimi-nengi, ilimi lekhaya liyaqinisekiswa ngesikhathi lelo lokungezelela lithathwa njengelinye lesibilielisekelako (Isib:Woke amaLimi wokuNgezelela, ngokufaka neLimi lokuFunda nokuFundisa asetjenziswanelimi lekhaya kodwana akalenyeli)

ukonakala – budlhayela ngendlela ehlazisako nedelelako

ukufaneleka – nangabe ilimi lifaneleka ngokobujamo elisetjenziswa kibo (Isib. ukulotjhisa “Lotjha NomzanaMsiza ” kufaneleka ebujameni bomsebenzi kodwana “Mngani, uthini?” kufaneleka hlangana nabangani)

ukugigiyela – ngokungathabisiko okuphakanyiswa kodwana kungavezwa ngokutsengileko


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ukuhlakanipha – kuhlanganisa imibono ephambeneko nanyana ikulumo, msinya nangendlela engakalindeleki

ukuhlanekela – yikulumo elirhwala eqalela abanye phasi, isifenqo esiveza okuhle ngokusebenzisa ikulumoephikisako, (Isib: “ayisimnandi” okuhlathulula bona “imnandi”

ukuhlanekezela – kuvezwa kwemiqondo emibili ephambanako namkha engafaniko ngendlela emadanisako

ukuhlanganisa – kuhlanganisa imibono evela emithonjeni ehlukahlukeneko wakhe umbono munyeozwakalako wemibono embalwa

ukukhambelana/ ukulamana / ukulandelana – kukhambelana kwemibono ngendlela yethulwa ngayo

ukucubungula – kuqala nokuqinisekisa ukulunga komsebenzi

ukunamathana – mamano ahlanganisa imitjho eyakha isigaba nanyana itheksti. Kungaba zizabizwana,nanyana amagama abuyelela okutjhiwoko ngeendlela ezingafaniko (isib. “Amazinga Wokuhlola atsengilekoakhelwe yi-FET, Ngiwo azakusiza abotitjhere ekuhloleni iragelo phambili labafundi”)

ukungatsengi/ukungazwakali kuhle – kutjho ukuba neenhlathululo ezinengi ukuya ngendlela igamaelisetjenziswe ngayo. Nakungakasetjenziswa ngomnqopho, ukungatsengi kuhlanakezela umnqopho (Isib.”Ikomo leyo ingahlatjwa”nanyana “Nakabuzako, ningamtjela bonyana ngiyephi”)

ukuphelelisa – mthetho ovumela bonyana ifundo kufanele ifinyelelwe ngibo boke abafundi. Ubuncanibeendingo buveziwe ukuze abafundi abaneendingo eziqakathekileko, zokuthinteka emoyeni nemzimbenibaqalelelwe)

ukusikena – kukhambisa amehlo emtlolweni ngehloso yokufumana ilwazi elithile (Isib. ukuqala irherholeenomboro zomrhala , ukuqala isikhathi sokufika nanyana sokusuka kwesitimela)

ukuskima – kufunda umtlolo msinya (Isib. Ukuqala iinhloko zeendaba ephephandabeni)

ukusunduza – kubeka nanyana ukususa into eduze, iye kujana nefremu

ukutjheja ngelihlo elibukhali – likghono lokuhlathulula, ukubumba, ukutsenga, ukulinganisa ubunjalobomtlolo ngokucabangisisa nokuzwisisa

ukutjhideza – kubeka nanyana ukubandamelisa into eduze, hlanu kwefremu

ukutjho ngamanye amagama/ ngamagamakho – kutlola isigaba ngokusebenzisa wakho amagamaahlathulula okutjhiwo mtlolo

ukuziphikisa – yikulumo eziphikisako kodwana enobuqiniso (Isib.“unomlandu lowo onganamlandu”)


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ukwenza-samuntu – zizinto ezingaphiliko zinikelwa amatshwayo wabantu abaphilako (Isib. kufangiyakwesaba amazinywakho neenzipho zakho)

umabizwafane – ligama eliphinyiswa belibe nomdumo ofana nelinye kodwana ahluke ngehlathululo (Isib.“Ibele”-sisitho sowesifazana /isilwana esimunyisako/ sitjalo esineenthoro ekwenziwa ngazo utjwala)

umbono – yindlela indaba icocwa ngayo - umbono womtloli ngiwo oquntako bonyana ofundako uzakuvezelwanjani abalingisi, izehlakalo nendawo

umbuzo-ziphendule – mbuzo obuzelwa ukugandelela,hayi ukuthola ipendulo (Isib. Uyazi bonyana unetjhuduelingangani? )

umfanekiso-hlaya – kuvezwa komlingisi ngendlela engakholwekiko ngokwenzela bona wenze ihlaya nanyanaukuveza ubudlhayela

umhlobo wamaledere – mhlobo wamaledere asetjenziselwa ukutlola ngomtjhini nanyana ikhompyutha

umlembelele – yindlela yokusebenzisa amagama angaphezu kokutlhogekako nanyana amanengi khulu

ummongo-ndaba – mlayezo oqakathekileko womtlolo. Ummongo-ndaba kungenzeka ufihlakale nanyana ubebhamba

umoya – bujamo bemizwa yomlingisi/umtloli eendabeni zemitlolo, mimizwa nanyana ubujamo bengqondo

umqondo – ngilokho okuhlathululwa /okutjhiwo ligama/itshwayo

umqondo-fanana – magama anehlathululo (pheze) efanako (Isib. “kuhle” no “kulungile”)

unobangela – ngokwenza bona into ethileko yenzeke

ukuhlolwa bangani neenqhema – kuhlolwa okwenziwa bafundi ngokwabo ngokobana babe babili nanyanababe siqhema

ukuhlola kwangaphambi kokufunda – kuhlolwa komfundi ngelwazi analo ngaphambi kokuthomaukufundiswa

ukuhlola kwangaphandle – kuhlolwa okwenzeka ngaphandle kwesikolo nanyana eklasini

ukuhlola kwangetlasini/esikolweni – kuhlolwa okwenziwa ngutitjhere eklasini nanyana esikolweni

ukuhlola ngokungahleli – kuhlolwa komfundi ngendlela angakatjheji ngayo bona uyahlolwa, ngaphambikobana athome ukufundiswa ngendlela ehlelweko

Documents

IsiNdbele Home Language - SchoolNet SA€¦ · angakghona ukudluliselwa kweminye imikhakha namkha iinkhungo zefundo ezisezingeni elifanako nalelo elisemTlameni wokuThwasa weliZweloke