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Is Contemporary American Independent Film Classical or
Radical
Author: David C. Simmons
Presenter: David Kopicki
Presentation Goals
To show through the example of Bordwell’s and Thompson’s ideas that all films made since 1917 share a set of common characteristics and can be classified as classical style.
Outline
Introduction – 2 min.
Presentation – 10 min.
Discussion – 5 min.
Video clip – 5 min.
Review – 3 min.
Bordwell’s Characteristics of Style in Classical Hollywood Cinema
Classical narration
Causality
Goal-oriented characters
Forward-moving narration
Classical space
Classical sound
Classical NarrationClassical Narration
Telling a clear, unified, realistic story
The story is classical: having decorum, linearity, balance, harmony, proportion, respect for tradition
Narration is omniscient
There is an emotional appeal in the film that transcends class and nation.
CausalityCausality
The narrative consists of an unbroken chain of causes and effects that is easy for a spectator to follow.
The film ends with a definite conclusion.
Repetition is common.
There is a clear motivation for everything.
Goal-Orientated CharactersGoal-Orientated Characters
Most of the motivation comes from characters.
Characters have few traits.
Subjectivity (POV) is generally quite brief
Forward-Moving NarrationForward-Moving Narration
The spectator moves through the film testing hypotheses which are usually proven true
Planting and foreshadowing are used to encourage causality and a spectator who consistently asks, (What will happen next?).
The opening credits are used to further narration.
Time is linear.
Classical SpaceClassical Space
Renaissance space (balance, centering, frontality of characters, backlighting to distinguish figure from form, having the most important objects in focus, camera height generally between 5-6 feet)
Space is well demarcated for character action
The filmic artifice is concealed through continuity editing and ‘invisible’ storytelling
Classical SoundClassical Sound
Makes the most important sounds or voices loader than other sounds
Music is omniscient
Thompson’s Four Acts of Classical Style Films
Setup
Complicating Action
Development
Climax
Act 1:Setup
The characters are introduced and the protagonist conceives some goals
Act 2: Complicating Action
A new situation is introduced that the protagonist must deal with in order to reach his or her goals.
Act 3: Development
Protagonist struggles toward the achievement of his or her goals, often involving many incidents that create action, suspense, and delay.
Act 4: Climax
Action shifts to a straightforward progression to a final resolution. All questions are neatly answered before the ending.
Discussion
What about American Independent film? Does it fit into Bordwell and Thompson’s classical style? If so, How?
Review
1. In classical style film narration is ______.
2. Planting and ______ are used to constantly keep the spectator wondering what will happen next.
3. Name Kristin Thompson’s Four Acts.
4. What are two characteristics of Renaissance space?