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8/10/2019 Is Bamar Pol Annex i
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MARPOL Annex IRegulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil
Tim Wilkins
Regional Manager Asia-Pacific
Environmental Manager
an introduction to theinternational regulations
for the prevention ofpollution by oil
ImagecourtesyofDampskibsselskabetNOR
DEN
AS
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1. MARPOL2. Annex I
i. Regulations and Chapters
ii. Fundamentals
1. Operation
2. Construction
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1. MARPOL
Torrey Canyon 1967 1959 US built, 60,000 dwt, , Li.flagged
Jumboised to 120,000 dwt
Cargo 120,000 ts of BP oil forMilford Haven
Navigational error causedgrounding ripping open 6 tanks
31,000,000 gallons of oil leaked
Oil spread along the seabetween England and France
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1. MARPOL
Amoco Cadiz 1978 1974 built Amoco Cadiz carrying227,000 tonnes of crude oil
ran aground off the coast of Brittany,France at 10:00 p.m. on March 16, 1978
The whole cargo spilled out as the
breakers spilt the vessel in two,progressively polluting 360 km ofshoreline
At the time this was the largest oil spillby tanker ever registered.
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The International Convention for the Preventionof Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)
as amended by the 1978 Protocol (MARPOL 73/78)
Just Oil 1954 OILPOL Convention Operational
Discharge zones (50nm and 100ppm)
Reception facilities
1. MARPOL
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Not just Oil
MARPOL Annexes IVI
I. Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil
II. Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substancesin Bulk
III. Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Harmful SubstancesCarried by Sea in PackagedForm
IV. Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewagefrom Ships
V. Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Garbagefrom Ships
VI. Regulations for the Prevention ofAir Pollutionfrom Ships
1. MARPOL
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MARPOL Implementation
1967 Torrey Canyon
1973-1978 Amoco Cadiz et al.
MARPOL 73 and the Protocol 78
MARPOL enters into force October 1983
Annex I and II - 1983
Annex III1992
Annex V1988
Annex IV2003
Annex VI - 2005
1. MARPOL
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2. Annex I regulations and chapters
39 regulations in 7 chapters to regulate oil pollution from ships (not
just tankers):
1. Ship/Tanker design
2. Ship/Tanker operation
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2. Annex I regulations and chapters
Chapter Regulations
1 1-5 General: Definitions and applications
2 6-11 Surveys and certification: Flag administration and Port State Control(PSC)
3 12-17 Machinery space: Construction, discharge control and equipment(all ship types)
4 18-36 Cargo areas: Construction, discharge control and equipment(oil tankers)
5 37 Shipboard oil pollution emergency plan (SOPEP)
6 38 Reception facilities
7 39 FPSOs and FSUs
39 regulations in 7 chapters to regulate oil pollution from ships (not
just tankers):
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2. Annex I fundamentals; Operation
Discharge of oil at sea (1):
all discharges of oil are prohibited unless certain criteria are satisfied
Machinery space (bilge and sludge)
All ship types
Machinery space Bilge waste: oily water from the bilges
Sludge: waste residue from the filtration of fuel oil
Ship must be en route
Oily mixture must have been processed through the oilfiltering equipment
Oil content of the mixture does not exceed 15 parts permillion (ppm)
Oily mixture is not mixed with cargo residues (see later)
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2. Annex I fundamentals; Operation
Discharge of oil at sea (2):
all discharges of oil are prohibited unless certain criteria are satisfied
Cargo space (slops)
Oil tankers
Must be more than 50nm from nearest land (also defined)
30 litres per nautical mile
Discharged through the Oil Discharge MonitoringEquipment (ODME)
Maximum discharge quantity on a ballast voyage shouldnot exceed 1/30,000 of the total quantity of the particularcargo of which the residue formed a part
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2. Annex I fundamentals; Operation
Discharge of oil at sea (3):
all discharges of oil are prohibited unless certain criteria are satisfied
Oil discharge monitoring and control systems (tankers)
Regulations 31 & 32
Oil filter equipment (all ship types)
Regulation 14
Oil Discharge Monitoring Equipment (ODME)
Oily Water Separators (OWS)
Extensive review of requirements underway at IMO
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2. Annex I fundamentals; Operation
Special Areas (1):
All the previous discharge criteria regulates outside a Special Area
Regulation 1 - A Special Area is a sea area where for recognizedtechnical reasons in relation to oceanographic and ecological condition
and to the particular character of its trafficspecial mandatory methodsfor the prevention of sea pollution by [oil] is required.
And as such there shall be NO discharge whatsoever of cargoresidues/slops from oil tankers
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2. Annex I fundamentals; Operation
Special Areas (2):
those listed in Annex I:
Baltic Sea 1983
Black Sea 1983
Red Sea not in effect Mediterranean Sea 1983
Gulf of Aden not in effect
Antarctic 1992
Gulfs area Aug 2008
Northwest European waters 1999 Southern South African waters Aug 2008
Oman area of the Arabian Sea not in effect
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2. Annex I fundamentals; Operation
Reception facilities:
Regulation 38
Oil loading terminals, repair ports and ports in which ships have oilyresidues to discharge
Port state obligation
Alleged inadequacies
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2. Annex I fundamentals; Construction
Tank (ship) construction:
How many hulls
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2. Annex I fundamentals; Construction
Tank (ship) construction:
Exxon Valdez 1989
OPA 90
U.S phase-out from 1995 to 2010 (except for tankers with doublebottoms (db) or double sides (ds), tankers less than 5,000 gross tons andtankers that call at LOOP or Designated Lightering Areas)
IMO amendments to MARPOL 73/78 (adopted 3/1992, entry into force7/1993)
Newbuildings to be double-hulls
Single-hulls to be sbt/pl or hbl from 25 years with phase-out at 30 yearsold or by 2015
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2. Annex I fundamentals; Construction
Tank (ship) construction:
Erika 1999
IMO amendments to MARPOL 73/78 (adopted 4/2001, entry into force9/2002)
Category 1 phase-out up to 2007
Categories 2&3 phase-out at 26 years up to 2015BUT
Flag state may allow newer single-hulls to continue to 25 years (subject to CAS)
HOWEVER
Port state can deny such extended single-hull tankers from entering its ports
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2. Annex I fundamentals; Construction
Tank (ship) construction:
Oil Tanker Categorization
Category 1 pre-MARPOL (pre-1982)
Category 2 MARPOL (post-1982)
Category 3 smaller tankers (5,000-20,000/30,000dwt)
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2. Annex I fundamentals; Construction
Tank (ship) construction:
Prestige 2001
EU Regulation 1726/2003 (entry into force 21/10/2003)
Category 1 phase-out up to 2005
Categories 2&3 phase-out up to 2010
No Heavy Grade Oils (HGO) in single-hulls from 21/10/2003 CAS from 2005 for all Categories 2&3 over 15 years old
IMO amendments to MARPOL 73/78 (adopted 12/2003, entry into force5/4/2005)
13G
Category 1 phase-out up to 2005
Categories 2&3 phase-out up to 2010
CAS required for Categories 2&3 over 15 years old
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2. Annex I fundamentals; Construction
Tank (ship) construction:
Prestige 2001
BUT
Flag state may extend Categories 2&3 up to 2015 or 25th anniversary
(whichever earlier)Flag state may extend Categories 2&3 with db or ds which may trade up to 25thanniversary of delivery (even past 2015)
HOWEVER
Port state may deny entry of either such flag-state-extended tankers13H - Double hull required from 5/4/05 for Heavy Grade Oil as cargo for tankers5,000 dwt and above, and for tankers 600-4,999 dwt (except single-hulls builtwith db and ds) from anniversary date in 2008
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2. Annex I fundamentals; Construction
Tank (ship) construction:
Prestige 2001
BUT
Flag state may allow single-hull 5,000 dwt and above with db or ds to continue
with HGO up to 25th anniversary (even beyond 2015)Flag state may allow single-hull 5,000 dwt and above to continue with HGObetween 900 and 945 kg/cubic meter until 25th anniversary or 2015 whichever isearlier, subject to CAS
Flag state may allow single-hull 600-4,999 dwt to continue with HGO until 25thanniversary or 2015 whichever is earlier
HOWEVER
Port state may deny entry of any of the above mentioned flag-state-extendedtankers carrying HGO
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2. Annex I fundamentals; Construction
Tank (ship) construction:
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2. Annex I fundamentals; Construction
Tank (ship) construction:
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2. Annex I fundamentals; Construction
Tank (ship) construction:
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
MARPOL (min phase out - trading of SH
until 25 years)EU + no SH after 2010
OPA90
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2. Annex I fundamentals; Construction
Tank (ship) construction:
6
22
5159
67 68 7174 77
94
78
4941
33 32 2926 23
0
20
40
60
80
100
1991
1997
End
02
End
03
End
04
End
05
End
06
End
07
End
10*
DH SH/DB/DS
% dwt share*:
* Assumes phase out
according to
regulations (roundedupw ards, 25 years
after 2010
.
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2. Annex I fundamentals; Miscellaneous
Other key elements to MARPOL Annex I:
SOPEP
Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan
Certification
International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate (IOPPC)
Surveys Special Surveys (Enhanced Special Survey)
Condition Assessment Scheme (CAS)
CAS (Applies to oil tankers of 5,000 dwt and above)
CAS will be performed at intervals of up to 5 years and 6 months
First CAS to be undertaken at first renewal (ie special) survey orintermediate survey after 5/4/05 of every tanker which has
reached its fifteenth year CAS is to be harmonised with ESP
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2. Annex I fundamentals; Miscellaneous
Other key elements to MARPOL Annex I:
Oil Record Book (ORB) Regulation 17 and Appendix III
Part 1: Machinery space operations
Part 2: Cargo space operations
Crude Oil Washing (COW) Fuel tank protectionall ships 2010
Pump room protectiondouble bottom in tankers after 1/1/2007
Oil outflow performance in case of accidentcollision or grounding
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2. Annex I fundamentals; Miscellaneous
Other key elements to MARPOL\Annex I:
FPSOs/FSUsa. FPSOs and FSUs are not oil tankersand are not to be used for
the transport of oil except that, with the specific agreement bythe flag and relevant coastal States on a voyage basis,
b. Conversion of an oil tanker to an FPSO or FSU or vice versashould not be construed as a major conversionas defined in
regulation 1(8)c. There are five categories of discharges that may be associated
with the operation of an FPSO or FSU:
1. machinery space drainage;
2. offshore processing drainage;
3. production water discharge;
4. displacement water discharge; and
5. contaminated seawater from operational purposes such asproduced oil tank cleaning water, produced oil tank hydrostatictesting water, water from ballasting of produced oil tank to carryout inspection by rafting.
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