IRN Arabian Oil & Gas Summit Presentation

GEOPOLITICAL IMPACT OFOMAN–INDIA –MULTI-PURPOSEPIPELINE

Presented at

“Arabian Sea Region Oil & Gas 2015 Summit”

Muscat, The Sultanate of Oman;

www.foxpetroleum.net

Presented at

“Arabian Sea Region Oil & Gas 2015 Summit”

Muscat, The Sultanate of Oman;

Presented by

Dr. Ajay Kumar, Ph. D.

A Citizen of The Republic of India

Summit by : IRN Limited – The United Kingdom

At the very outset I welcome Honorable Chief Guest HE J.S. Mukul The Ambassador ofMy Country The Republic of India in Oman and respected Friends from the Oil & Gasfraternity. It is pleasant to be here today before the industry leaders, to address the“Arabian Sea Oil & Gas Summit. This is a noble platform, for bringing together Oil &Gas Industry leaders. I appreciate and my special thanks to IRN The Organizer of thesummit and also to Pooja Somani, Foteni, Ahmed and Martyn for organizing it andinviting us to this august event.

Over the next two days, we will discuss Global opportunities and challenges inthe present Oil & gas sector in prospect of Arabian Sea. You will see the sector as afield of unmatched opportunities. I assure you that inputs made by distinguished guestspeakers shall receive the government’s & Industry’s highest attention and enlighten thesector to light. Now, I would like to present my thoughts on - Geopolitical Impact ofArabian Sea LNG and LNG Infrastructure and how it can Expanding Horizon ……..


At the very outset I welcome Honorable Chief Guest HE J.S. Mukul The Ambassador ofMy Country The Republic of India in Oman and respected Friends from the Oil & Gasfraternity. It is pleasant to be here today before the industry leaders, to address the“Arabian Sea Oil & Gas Summit. This is a noble platform, for bringing together Oil &Gas Industry leaders. I appreciate and my special thanks to IRN The Organizer of thesummit and also to Pooja Somani, Foteni, Ahmed and Martyn for organizing it andinviting us to this august event.

Over the next two days, we will discuss Global opportunities and challenges inthe present Oil & gas sector in prospect of Arabian Sea. You will see the sector as afield of unmatched opportunities. I assure you that inputs made by distinguished guestspeakers shall receive the government’s & Industry’s highest attention and enlighten thesector to light. Now, I would like to present my thoughts on - Geopolitical Impact ofArabian Sea LNG and LNG Infrastructure and how it can Expanding Horizon ……..

Arabian Ocean Profile : Oman–India –Multi-Purpose Pipeline on IndiaArabian Sea, northwestern part of the Indian Ocean, covering a total area of about 1,491,000square miles (3,862,000 square km) and forming part of the principal sea route betweenEurope and India. It is bounded to the west by the Horn of Africa and the ArabianPeninsula, to the north by Iran and Pakistan, to the east by India, and to the south by theremainder of the Indian Ocean. To the north the Gulf of Oman connects the sea with thePersian Gulf via the Strait of Hormuz. To the west the Gulf of Aden connects it with theRed Sea via the Bab el-Mandeb (Bāb al-Mandab) Strait. It has a mean depth of 8,970 feet(2,734 metres). In Roman times its name was Mare Erythraeum (Erythraean Sea).

Political units bordering the sea—in addition to India, Iran, and Pakistan—are Oman,Yemen, and Somalia. Islands in the sea include Socotra (a part of Yemen) off the Horn ofAfrica, the Khuriyyā Muriyyā (Kuria Muria) Islands off the coast of Oman, andLakshadweep (a union territory of India consisting of the Laccadive, Minicoy, andAmindivi islands; the latter constitute a group of coral atolls lying between 100 and 250miles [160 and 400 km]) off the southwestern coast of India. The Indus and the Narmadarivers are the principal waterways draining into the sea.


Arabian Sea, northwestern part of the Indian Ocean, covering a total area of about 1,491,000square miles (3,862,000 square km) and forming part of the principal sea route betweenEurope and India. It is bounded to the west by the Horn of Africa and the ArabianPeninsula, to the north by Iran and Pakistan, to the east by India, and to the south by theremainder of the Indian Ocean. To the north the Gulf of Oman connects the sea with thePersian Gulf via the Strait of Hormuz. To the west the Gulf of Aden connects it with theRed Sea via the Bab el-Mandeb (Bāb al-Mandab) Strait. It has a mean depth of 8,970 feet(2,734 metres). In Roman times its name was Mare Erythraeum (Erythraean Sea).

Political units bordering the sea—in addition to India, Iran, and Pakistan—are Oman,Yemen, and Somalia. Islands in the sea include Socotra (a part of Yemen) off the Horn ofAfrica, the Khuriyyā Muriyyā (Kuria Muria) Islands off the coast of Oman, andLakshadweep (a union territory of India consisting of the Laccadive, Minicoy, andAmindivi islands; the latter constitute a group of coral atolls lying between 100 and 250miles [160 and 400 km]) off the southwestern coast of India. The Indus and the Narmadarivers are the principal waterways draining into the sea.

The Republic of India & The Relationship with ArabianSea linked Countries

When Oman’s foreign minister made twovisits to India last year, once before IndianPrime Minister Narendra Modi’s newgovernment was sworn in and once rightafter, it became the first Gulf CooperationCouncil (GCC) member to commence high-level engagement with the new Indiangovernment. The visits were also a signal thatOman continues to be India’s closest strategicpartner in West Asia.

In addition to the heightened navalengagement, Oman will be looking to Indiafor help in diversifying its economy throughgreater bilateral investment, even as the twocountries discuss the feasibility of anundersea gas pipeline involving Iran. ...

When Oman’s foreign minister made twovisits to India last year, once before IndianPrime Minister Narendra Modi’s newgovernment was sworn in and once rightafter, it became the first Gulf CooperationCouncil (GCC) member to commence high-level engagement with the new Indiangovernment. The visits were also a signal thatOman continues to be India’s closest strategicpartner in West Asia.

In addition to the heightened navalengagement, Oman will be looking to Indiafor help in diversifying its economy throughgreater bilateral investment, even as the twocountries discuss the feasibility of anundersea gas pipeline involving Iran. ...


Omani Foreign Minister Yosuf Bin Alawi BinAbdullah calling on Indian Prime MinisterNarendra Modi, New Delhi, India, June 3, 2014

Geopolitical Impact of LNG and LNG Infrastructure –Expanding Horizon in Arabian Sea

“Geopolitics,” coined in 1904, meant“the study of how factors such asgeography and economics influencepolitics and relations betweennations.” Now it means politicsamong (not just between) nationsand rivalries for internationalpower. A geopolitically successfulnation delivers on promises to alliesand threats to rivals — or losesallies and strengthens rivals. And,earlier bat was Crude Oil now anadded stick to settle the score isLNG between the Countries;

LNG has made impact relating to politics, especiallyinternational relations, as influenced bygeographical factors. Because, like the Crude Oiland Refined Petroleum products has been in controlwith almost with all Government in all Countriesbut they have added Natural Gas business intoGovernment Subject; Very few countries have lesscontrol on Energy Business; Private Players aremerely working like an investor and contributing 3-4% average in developing countries and indeveloped countries there share of investment is nottoo high and that too depend on GovernmentChoice; That is why it is playing major role inGeopolitics rivalry or promise settlement; I mean,the counties are friendly can import Crude Oil andLNG if they have good relation where the AmericanStamp is in favour of both; If not, the deal is at risk;You know what I am talking, Iran is an example;Russia is an Example for Europe supply;

“Geopolitics,” coined in 1904, meant“the study of how factors such asgeography and economics influencepolitics and relations betweennations.” Now it means politicsamong (not just between) nationsand rivalries for internationalpower. A geopolitically successfulnation delivers on promises to alliesand threats to rivals — or losesallies and strengthens rivals. And,earlier bat was Crude Oil now anadded stick to settle the score isLNG between the Countries;

LNG has made impact relating to politics, especiallyinternational relations, as influenced bygeographical factors. Because, like the Crude Oiland Refined Petroleum products has been in controlwith almost with all Government in all Countriesbut they have added Natural Gas business intoGovernment Subject; Very few countries have lesscontrol on Energy Business; Private Players aremerely working like an investor and contributing 3-4% average in developing countries and indeveloped countries there share of investment is nottoo high and that too depend on GovernmentChoice; That is why it is playing major role inGeopolitics rivalry or promise settlement; I mean,the counties are friendly can import Crude Oil andLNG if they have good relation where the AmericanStamp is in favour of both; If not, the deal is at risk;You know what I am talking, Iran is an example;Russia is an Example for Europe supply;


GEOPOLITICS OF LNG IN THE WORLD

* Let me take this LNG Geopolitics in two parts – One is with American – Europe and Russian impact-As the crisis in Mediterenian is escalating with the prospect of Russian intervention, there is everyreason to believe that Russia will use all available at his disposal. Thus European nations areincreasingly - and justifiably - worried about the impending winter months when Russia could ratchetup the pressure on Europe, as it has done in the past, by imposing another gas halt with the consequentloss of life and negative economic impacts. Meanwhile the U.S. experiences an explosion of domesticgas production and many in Europe hope that an increase in American Liquid Natural Gas (LNG)exports could preempt a looming crisis. -- The Impact - > Countries needing U.S. LNG are takingaction now. U.S. companies are welcomed in Eastern Europe, Japan, South Korea and elsewhere, and sois American leadership.

* And secondly Geopolitics of Arab World – Indian Sub Continent – Africa and Australian ; However,access to energy sources is not the problem today for India, but India does face a problem, given itsheavy dependence on the Persian Gulf countries and Iran for sourcing its oil and LNG. And, theproblem is Sanction. A new theme is finding its way to the Indian discourses on energy security, as isbound to happen, drifting in from the West. Simply put, the United States is ending its dependence onoil imports from the Middle East and the geopolitics of the Middle East could never be the same again.The facts that could go into buttressing the thesis are rather meager and yet a fairly good case can bemade out of them. The impact is - >>> I am happy to be here in OMAN and will work with IRAN also;My Government in India is too good to have good relation with everyone; Example – It is a big newsthat India will supply LNG to Pakistan also; www.foxpetroleum.net

* Let me take this LNG Geopolitics in two parts – One is with American – Europe and Russian impact-As the crisis in Mediterenian is escalating with the prospect of Russian intervention, there is everyreason to believe that Russia will use all available at his disposal. Thus European nations areincreasingly - and justifiably - worried about the impending winter months when Russia could ratchetup the pressure on Europe, as it has done in the past, by imposing another gas halt with the consequentloss of life and negative economic impacts. Meanwhile the U.S. experiences an explosion of domesticgas production and many in Europe hope that an increase in American Liquid Natural Gas (LNG)exports could preempt a looming crisis. -- The Impact - > Countries needing U.S. LNG are takingaction now. U.S. companies are welcomed in Eastern Europe, Japan, South Korea and elsewhere, and sois American leadership.

* And secondly Geopolitics of Arab World – Indian Sub Continent – Africa and Australian ; However,access to energy sources is not the problem today for India, but India does face a problem, given itsheavy dependence on the Persian Gulf countries and Iran for sourcing its oil and LNG. And, theproblem is Sanction. A new theme is finding its way to the Indian discourses on energy security, as isbound to happen, drifting in from the West. Simply put, the United States is ending its dependence onoil imports from the Middle East and the geopolitics of the Middle East could never be the same again.The facts that could go into buttressing the thesis are rather meager and yet a fairly good case can bemade out of them. The impact is - >>> I am happy to be here in OMAN and will work with IRAN also;My Government in India is too good to have good relation with everyone; Example – It is a big newsthat India will supply LNG to Pakistan also;

The Project - Oman–India – Multi- Purpose Pipeline

We at Fox Petroleum Group, has plans to build the Oman –to- India Deepwater Multi Purpose Pipeline (OIDMPP), adeepwater, transnational, natural gas pipeline system that will cross the Arabian Sea. The OIDMPP is anticipated to bethe first of many in a corridor of pipelines that will form the final leg of a major energy supply route linking the twocountries crossing the sea; Importing LNG is a rather costly process, but unavoidable because the sources of gas arefar away. This cost can be avoided if gas is imported through pipelines and then transported across the country throughexisting and future-planned pipelines in India.

In the last few years, deep sea gas pipeline technology has matured. Since India has serious security concerns withregard to pipeline projects over land, a deep sea pipeline is probably the most promising option. OIDMPP will be 1600KM Aprox. The project intends to transport 8 tcft (trillion cubic feet) of natural gas to India over a period of 20 years.The pipeline is planned to be about 1,300 km long in phase I and 300 Km more to connect Mumbai, laid at a depth of3,400 meters below the seabed. It will connect the Middle East Compression Station near Oman with the receivingterminal near Gujarat. The estimated cost of this project is $5-5.6 billion and can be executed in about max to max fiveyears.

Geographically, the Oman-India Pipeline is comparatively more feasible because India is close to the sources ofnatural gas in the Middle East and the undersea distance is less than 1,300 km if connected to Gujarat coast only .Another reason in favour of this project is the landed cost, which will be lesser by $1.5 to $2 per million BTU ascompared to LNG imports. Furthermore, this pipeline could be linked to other natural gas sources in the Middle Eastand even to Turkmenistan and Iran if need be.

A single uniformly sized pipeline from the Oman coast near Ra’s Al Jifan to the Indian coast at Gujarat.


We at Fox Petroleum Group, has plans to build the Oman –to- India Deepwater Multi Purpose Pipeline (OIDMPP), adeepwater, transnational, natural gas pipeline system that will cross the Arabian Sea. The OIDMPP is anticipated to bethe first of many in a corridor of pipelines that will form the final leg of a major energy supply route linking the twocountries crossing the sea; Importing LNG is a rather costly process, but unavoidable because the sources of gas arefar away. This cost can be avoided if gas is imported through pipelines and then transported across the country throughexisting and future-planned pipelines in India.

In the last few years, deep sea gas pipeline technology has matured. Since India has serious security concerns withregard to pipeline projects over land, a deep sea pipeline is probably the most promising option. OIDMPP will be 1600KM Aprox. The project intends to transport 8 tcft (trillion cubic feet) of natural gas to India over a period of 20 years.The pipeline is planned to be about 1,300 km long in phase I and 300 Km more to connect Mumbai, laid at a depth of3,400 meters below the seabed. It will connect the Middle East Compression Station near Oman with the receivingterminal near Gujarat. The estimated cost of this project is $5-5.6 billion and can be executed in about max to max fiveyears.

Geographically, the Oman-India Pipeline is comparatively more feasible because India is close to the sources ofnatural gas in the Middle East and the undersea distance is less than 1,300 km if connected to Gujarat coast only .Another reason in favour of this project is the landed cost, which will be lesser by $1.5 to $2 per million BTU ascompared to LNG imports. Furthermore, this pipeline could be linked to other natural gas sources in the Middle Eastand even to Turkmenistan and Iran if need be.

A single uniformly sized pipeline from the Oman coast near Ra’s Al Jifan to the Indian coast at Gujarat.

The Purpose of The Project - Oman–India – Multi-PurposePipeline

Considering the fact that known sources of natural gas in India till date is just 1.33 trillioncubic meters, India will need to source a major portion of natural gas supply from outside tomeet the rising demand. The government will need to make planned efforts to find a lastingsolution to the problem. The sooner the government takes a serious view on the proposal,the better it will be in the interest of the country to ensure its energy security.

A boom in LNG demand and projects is taking shape in India. Demand for natural gas,mainly from new power generation projects, fertilizer plants, and industrial users, isprojected to soar in the world's second most populous nation. Its paltry domestic output ofnatural gas mandates that India must import natural gas to meet it expected explosivegrowth in demand for the fuel. While pipeline imports might seem a logical choice, this is aproblematic alternative.

Hence, Oman-India Multi-Purpose Pipeline can solve the energy demand in wholesale fornext 25-30 Years; According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, this shortfallis expected to rise dramatically by 2020 and continue rising through 2030, when it will peakat 3.56 billion cubic feet per day.


Considering the fact that known sources of natural gas in India till date is just 1.33 trillioncubic meters, India will need to source a major portion of natural gas supply from outside tomeet the rising demand. The government will need to make planned efforts to find a lastingsolution to the problem. The sooner the government takes a serious view on the proposal,the better it will be in the interest of the country to ensure its energy security.

A boom in LNG demand and projects is taking shape in India. Demand for natural gas,mainly from new power generation projects, fertilizer plants, and industrial users, isprojected to soar in the world's second most populous nation. Its paltry domestic output ofnatural gas mandates that India must import natural gas to meet it expected explosivegrowth in demand for the fuel. While pipeline imports might seem a logical choice, this is aproblematic alternative.

Hence, Oman-India Multi-Purpose Pipeline can solve the energy demand in wholesale fornext 25-30 Years; According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, this shortfallis expected to rise dramatically by 2020 and continue rising through 2030, when it will peakat 3.56 billion cubic feet per day.

Final Route Line Oman–India – Multi-Purpose Pipeline


Impact of the Line Oman–India – Multi-Purpose Pipeline on India


“ Crude Oil & LNG is notfor solace, it is light for life .India will become ‘ No DarkZone’ ” – Dr. Ajay Kumar,Ph. D.

Arabian Ocean Profile : Oman–India –Multi-Purpose Pipeline on India


Physical Features of Arabian Ocean and Connectivity: Oman–India – Multi-Purpose Pipeline on India


Economic Aspects of Arabian Ocean : Oman–India – Multi-Purpose Pipeline on India

Petroleum and natural-gas deposits have been discovered in the Arabian Sea on the continental shelf off thecoast of India to the west and northwest of Mumbai (Bombay) and have been intensively exploited. High levelsof inorganic nutrients, such as phosphate concentrate, which produce a rich fish life, have been observed in thewestern Arabian Sea and off the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Occurring in the euphotic zone(zone of light, which is found in the upper 450 feet [140 metres] of the sea), this fertilizing effect undoubtedly isattributable in part to coastal upwelling, which circulates settled nutrients from the seafloor. Pelagic fish (i.e.,those living at or near the surface far from the land) in the Arabian Sea include tuna, sardine, billfish (a specieshaving a long sharp bill or snout), Wahoo (a large, swift game fish), sharks, lancet fish (a large species havingdagger like teeth), and moonfish (a species of silvery fish with thin, deep-chested bodies).

A periodic occurrence in the Arabian Sea, however, is the mass mortality of fish. This phenomenon isattributed to a subsurface layer of water of tropical origin that is poor in oxygen but rich in phosphate. Undercertain circumstances this layer is brought to the surface by strong upwelling, resulting in the death of fish fromlack of oxygen. Extensive small-scale fishing is carried on in the Arabian Sea, particularly off the east coasts ofAfrica, the Arabian Peninsula, and west coast of the Indian subcontinent. These operations employ dugout andoutrigger canoes, dhows, and a variety of other small craft, as well as mechanized trawlers and purse seiners.Commercial fishing also is undertaken by larger vessels. India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Iran, Oman, Yemen,France, the United Arab Emirates, South Korea, Japan, and the Maldives are the principal fishing countries.


Petroleum and natural-gas deposits have been discovered in the Arabian Sea on the continental shelf off thecoast of India to the west and northwest of Mumbai (Bombay) and have been intensively exploited. High levelsof inorganic nutrients, such as phosphate concentrate, which produce a rich fish life, have been observed in thewestern Arabian Sea and off the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Occurring in the euphotic zone(zone of light, which is found in the upper 450 feet [140 metres] of the sea), this fertilizing effect undoubtedly isattributable in part to coastal upwelling, which circulates settled nutrients from the seafloor. Pelagic fish (i.e.,those living at or near the surface far from the land) in the Arabian Sea include tuna, sardine, billfish (a specieshaving a long sharp bill or snout), Wahoo (a large, swift game fish), sharks, lancet fish (a large species havingdagger like teeth), and moonfish (a species of silvery fish with thin, deep-chested bodies).

A periodic occurrence in the Arabian Sea, however, is the mass mortality of fish. This phenomenon isattributed to a subsurface layer of water of tropical origin that is poor in oxygen but rich in phosphate. Undercertain circumstances this layer is brought to the surface by strong upwelling, resulting in the death of fish fromlack of oxygen. Extensive small-scale fishing is carried on in the Arabian Sea, particularly off the east coasts ofAfrica, the Arabian Peninsula, and west coast of the Indian subcontinent. These operations employ dugout andoutrigger canoes, dhows, and a variety of other small craft, as well as mechanized trawlers and purse seiners.Commercial fishing also is undertaken by larger vessels. India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Iran, Oman, Yemen,France, the United Arab Emirates, South Korea, Japan, and the Maldives are the principal fishing countries.

Economic Aspects of Arabian Ocean : Oman–India – Multi-Purpose Pipeline on India Sea Route


Economic Aspects of Arabian Ocean : Oman–India – Multi-Purpose Pipeline on India ,The Pipeline Route Exist


Economic Aspects of Arabian Ocean : Oman–India – Multi-Purpose Pipeline on India


Transportation in Arabian Ocean : Oman–India – Multi-Purpose Pipeline on India

The Arabian Sea, with its strategic locationvis-à-vis the Red Sea (including the SuezCanal) and the Persian Gulf, contains someof the world’s busiest shipping lanes; andthe chief routes originate in those twoextensions. Persian Gulf shipping largelyconsists of tankers, some of immensecapacity, that transit the Arabian Sea enroute to destinations in East Asia, Europe,and North and South America. The SuezCanal–Red Sea route is used mainly bygeneral-cargo vessels on their way to portsin South, Southeast, and East Asia. Thereare a number of ports serving the countriesbordering the sea. Among the largest areMuhammad Bin Qasim and Karachi inPakistan and Mumbai, Marmagao, Kandla,and Kochi in India.

The Arabian Sea, with its strategic locationvis-à-vis the Red Sea (including the SuezCanal) and the Persian Gulf, contains someof the world’s busiest shipping lanes; andthe chief routes originate in those twoextensions. Persian Gulf shipping largelyconsists of tankers, some of immensecapacity, that transit the Arabian Sea enroute to destinations in East Asia, Europe,and North and South America. The SuezCanal–Red Sea route is used mainly bygeneral-cargo vessels on their way to portsin South, Southeast, and East Asia. Thereare a number of ports serving the countriesbordering the sea. Among the largest areMuhammad Bin Qasim and Karachi inPakistan and Mumbai, Marmagao, Kandla,and Kochi in India.


Market & Users for Oman–India – Multi-Purpose Pipeline :Countries Sitting On The Most Valuable Energy Reservesfrom Central Asia and Gulf

87 billion barrels of proven oil reserves &1,163 trillion cubic feet of proven natural gasreserves worth $40.7 trillion value at currentprices

Russia is currently the second-largestproducer of dry natural gas and trails only theUnited States and Saudi Arabia in oilproduction. Russia’s economic growth islargely driven by energy exports, with oil andgas revenues accounting for 52% of itsfederal budget revenue. Russia’s energydominance should continue in coming years.Natural gas is only becoming more importantas an energy source and Russia holds thesecond largest natural gas reserves in theworld.

157 billion barrels of proven oil reserves ;1,187.3 trillion cubic feet of proven natural gasreserves ; $35.3 trillion value at current prices

With headlines dominated by US-EU-Irannuclear talks and ongoing sanctions, it is easy toforget that Iran has the largest natural gas reservein the world and the fourth largest oil reserves.Sanctions have had a deleterious effect on theenergy sector, preventing foreign investment andtechnology from flooding in to develop Iran'sprimarily undeveloped natural gas reserves. Oneunforeseen boon of the sanctions is theexpansion of Iran's domestic refineries, whichhave grown to meet demand in the country.

Russia Iran

87 billion barrels of proven oil reserves &1,163 trillion cubic feet of proven natural gasreserves worth $40.7 trillion value at currentprices

Russia is currently the second-largestproducer of dry natural gas and trails only theUnited States and Saudi Arabia in oilproduction. Russia’s economic growth islargely driven by energy exports, with oil andgas revenues accounting for 52% of itsfederal budget revenue. Russia’s energydominance should continue in coming years.Natural gas is only becoming more importantas an energy source and Russia holds thesecond largest natural gas reserves in theworld.

157 billion barrels of proven oil reserves ;1,187.3 trillion cubic feet of proven natural gasreserves ; $35.3 trillion value at current prices

With headlines dominated by US-EU-Irannuclear talks and ongoing sanctions, it is easy toforget that Iran has the largest natural gas reservein the world and the fourth largest oil reserves.Sanctions have had a deleterious effect on theenergy sector, preventing foreign investment andtechnology from flooding in to develop Iran'sprimarily undeveloped natural gas reserves. Oneunforeseen boon of the sanctions is theexpansion of Iran's domestic refineries, whichhave grown to meet demand in the country.



265.9 billion barrels of proven oil reserves;290.8 trillion cubic feet of proven natural gasreserve; $33 trillion value at current prices

Saudi Arabia has nearly one fifth of theworld’s proven oil reserves, in addition tobeing the largest producer and exporter ofpetroleum. Its largest oil field, the giantGhawar field, has more proven oil reservesthan all but seven countries. Saudi Arabiaalso has a massive natural gas reserve, whichremains relatively undeveloped. The countryhas instead focused on oil and, increasingly,solar energy to supply its electricity demand.

150 billion barrels of proven oil reserves; 126.7trillion cubic feet of proven natural gasreserves; $18 trillion value at current prices

In 2012, Iraq passed Iran as the second largestproducer of crude oil in OPEC, despite only afraction of Iraq’s known oil fields being indevelopment. The continuation of that trend iscontingent on the stabilization of the country,which will make it more attractive to foreigninvestment. Foreign companies could provide

much needed infrastructure improvements anddevelopments.

Saudi Arabia Iraq

265.9 billion barrels of proven oil reserves;290.8 trillion cubic feet of proven natural gasreserve; $33 trillion value at current prices

Saudi Arabia has nearly one fifth of theworld’s proven oil reserves, in addition tobeing the largest producer and exporter ofpetroleum. Its largest oil field, the giantGhawar field, has more proven oil reservesthan all but seven countries. Saudi Arabiaalso has a massive natural gas reserve, whichremains relatively undeveloped. The countryhas instead focused on oil and, increasingly,solar energy to supply its electricity demand.

150 billion barrels of proven oil reserves; 126.7trillion cubic feet of proven natural gasreserves; $18 trillion value at current prices

In 2012, Iraq passed Iran as the second largestproducer of crude oil in OPEC, despite only afraction of Iraq’s known oil fields being indevelopment. The continuation of that trend iscontingent on the stabilization of the country,which will make it more attractive to foreigninvestment. Foreign companies could provide

much needed infrastructure improvements anddevelopments.



23.9 billion barrels of proven oil reserves;885.1 trillion cubic feet of proven natural gasreserves; $16.4 trillion value at current prices

Qatar has been thriving in recent years thanksto its robust energy sector. As the largestexporter of liquefied natural gas and thefourth largest supplier of dry natural gas,Qatar earned $55 billion from oil exports in2012 or approximately 60% of thegovernment’s total revenues. Thedevelopment of new gas fields and otherprojects could increase Qatar’s productioneven more in the near future.

97.8 billion barrels of proven oil reserves; 215.1trillion cubic feet of proven natural gasreserves; $13.8 trillion value at current prices

The United Arab Emirates currently producesan average of 2.8 million barrels of crude oil perday, the eight highest in the world. The UAE isalso a top-20 global natural gas producer.Several ongoing projects could boost naturalgas production, but with growing domesticdemand for gas, that may not necessarilytranslate to more export revenue. The UAE ismaking progress at diversifying its economy intourism and manufacturing, but the energysector should dominate the economy for thenear future.

Qatar United Arab Emirates

23.9 billion barrels of proven oil reserves;885.1 trillion cubic feet of proven natural gasreserves; $16.4 trillion value at current prices

Qatar has been thriving in recent years thanksto its robust energy sector. As the largestexporter of liquefied natural gas and thefourth largest supplier of dry natural gas,Qatar earned $55 billion from oil exports in2012 or approximately 60% of thegovernment’s total revenues. Thedevelopment of new gas fields and otherprojects could increase Qatar’s productioneven more in the near future.


The United Arab Emirates currently producesan average of 2.8 million barrels of crude oil perday, the eight highest in the world. The UAE isalso a top-20 global natural gas producer.Several ongoing projects could boost naturalgas production, but with growing domesticdemand for gas, that may not necessarilytranslate to more export revenue. The UAE ismaking progress at diversifying its economy intourism and manufacturing, but the energysector should dominate the economy for thenear future.



101.5 billion barrels of proven oil reserves; 63trillion cubic feet of proven natural gasreserves; $11.8 trillion value at current prices

Despite having the second smallest land areaamong OPEC countries, Kuwait exports thethird largest volume of oil, making it theworld’s tenth largest oil producer. Kuwait’seconomy is dependent on petroleum exports,which make up almost half of its grossdomestic product. The entire oil sector isowned by the government of Kuwait, under aconstitutional ban of foreign ownership of itsresources. Kuwait has recently begun todevelop natural gas fields in order todiversify its economy.


Despite Turkmenistan’s large natural gasreserves, it’s development has been limited dueto insufficient pipeline infrastructure. Thecountry has tried to mitigate that issue bycreating a more business-friendly environmentthat allows foreign companies to take on joint-ventures with the state-run oil and natural gascompanies.

Kuwait Turkmenistan











Kuwait Turkmenistan






Business on Oman–India Multi - Purpose Pipeline/ Year byPrivate Marketiers

UAE•$2 Billion Gas•$ 2 Billion Crude

SAUDIArabia

•2 Billion Crude•2 Billion Gas

Russia•5 Billion Gas•5 Billion Crude


Iraq•$2 Billion Gas•$ 2 BillionCrude

Iran•$2 Billion Gas•$ 2 BillionCrude

Turkmenistan

•$2 Billion Gas•$ 2 BillionCrude

Qatar•$2 Billion Gas•$ 1 Billion Crude

USP of the Project

The cost to transport crude oil or petroleum products by pipeline is a fraction of the cost ofother modes of transportation. The cost to ship crude oil by rail is generally $10 to $15 perbarrel versus under $5 per barrel by pipeline.

LNG Transportation cost fixed $1.5/MMBtu that is too cheap to control the price; as perIndian requirement of USD $ 8.0/MMBtu;

We can transport, other refined petroleum products from the same pipeline as per calendarbooking of the year;

Project will have 8 Contractors working at one time; For Onshore Two Contractors; ForSHELF level Offshore Two Contractors; Two Contractors for Deepwater Pipeline laying;And One for Onshore Project Management Consultant and One for Offshore ProjectManagement Consultant;

Oman Government is agree as per the sourced information, but waiting for the approval ofGovernment of India for a “YES”.


The cost to transport crude oil or petroleum products by pipeline is a fraction of the cost ofother modes of transportation. The cost to ship crude oil by rail is generally $10 to $15 perbarrel versus under $5 per barrel by pipeline.

LNG Transportation cost fixed $1.5/MMBtu that is too cheap to control the price; as perIndian requirement of USD $ 8.0/MMBtu;

We can transport, other refined petroleum products from the same pipeline as per calendarbooking of the year;

Project will have 8 Contractors working at one time; For Onshore Two Contractors; ForSHELF level Offshore Two Contractors; Two Contractors for Deepwater Pipeline laying;And One for Onshore Project Management Consultant and One for Offshore ProjectManagement Consultant;

Oman Government is agree as per the sourced information, but waiting for the approval ofGovernment of India for a “YES”.


AT YOUR MERCY !Thank You.

Documents

IRN Arabian Oil & Gas Summit Presentation