6:

REPRESENTATIVES OF THE FAMILY SYNAPSEUDIDAE(CRUSTACEA' TANAIDACEA) FROM THE TANZANIAN CORALREEFS: oNE NEw_ GENUS (CURTI?LEON) AND THREE ntEWSPECIES OF SYNAPSEUDES

by MrrrAI n,Lcuscu

The author erected a new_genus, Curripleon,for the species rvith abdomen reduced tothe,pleotelson (C- earinatus and Cl carinatoiilei) and. modifies it "

Jirg"ori. of the cenue Siioo-seudes ,' ol the latter he describee S.- acroporae n. sp., S. aiolaceus n. ip. and S. minziesi i. e6.z\" -!h"l gives a neft' name, S. makleaaianae to ;bat ,h"

".1"a S;;;;;;"d1"'ffi;;;; ;T;Gulf of Aden and supplies ecological and zoogeographical consider'aii;;;" the abovi

The coral reefs from the tropical waters of the west rndian oceanpqowed to_be an environment favouraLle to the development ."a thu ,f"riJ;;of Tanaidacea as a wholeo and to Apeeudidae in p'articular.

Two groups strike the eye with-regard to the reduced preomers:. . ^ . one group of norm_al size species (4_5 mm) with integument stronslv

calcrtred, srnuousi rgrinkledo somewhat like in the genus Whiteleggia, ."a"ofbrown colour;

- another flolp of very s-mall size specie_s (1.2-2 mm) with integumentsmooth, non-calcified, also siriking by its colour, of interisely violef spots.

.The species belo.ging-to thJ first group have the r-"ti".i .id;;;;;practically represen'L d by the

-mer-e pleot"elsoi, without any trace of sutureof the,6 segments _characteristic of q" group,'and_the exopodite

"f ;p;;is totally absent. This m_aximal type of rJduciion led us to th'e conclusion thata Eeparate la-xon should be created, for which we consequently suggest th;name Curtipleon n.g,

Diagnosis Psammophile, epicorallicolous species with abdomen reducedto-one- 6egment' practrcally the pleotelson; absence of pleopods: uronodreduced to a minute.endopodi-te, obriqueryo upwardly fiied 'ltitie'.

""iio-antenna), the exopodite also absent.

. carpgs of maxilliped- rl_vith both edges crenellated, without any pro-je_ction_,_either seta, or bristle.(Fig. I 4): Dim"orphic and unequar

"r,"r"" ii J-J.Mandible with a strong -Iacinii mobiiis compiex and *itd tn" ,"g-;;; ;fpalp-.short and wide, the last ones bearini; o-g pectinate setae or with

peculiar structures, especially the distal one (f,, Fig. L'B). Diagnosis and figu-res l. A B- cgT-espond to tle new species burtifr"on '""ri""7iii"i; ;; ;il-cription^of which in extenso, is in preis in the l.inia. Dar es salaam,Tanzania- -. of thie genus, only 2 specieiare kno*n so faro both from the westernlndian (Jcean, c. carinatus (MakkaveevalgTr), gulf of Aden) and c. carina-toiiles (Bdcescu 19750 the Tanzanian coral """ir;l

------r

, Th." species belonging to the second group have an abdomen reducedto 4 and more often to 3 segments (rare"ly i (z), in s, shiinoi from the

Ttao. Mus, Hist, Nat, <Gr. Antipa r, Vol. l?, p. 5l-63.

MIEAI BICE9CU62

Mediterranean), the uropod short, ye_t normal, biramous. Of this grouprve have detecied, for the time being, three species in the Tanzanian vraters

and these belong to the true genus Synapse_uiles Miller 1940,-with diag-nosis

modified as foli6ws: species Iypically corallicolous with abdomen reduced

to 2-4 segments, tetson inclus-ively. Flagella of antenna reduied to 2-3sesments fiied on a common segmeni und irticulated at two different levels.

Eies well developed. Mandibular palp 3-jointed, without any other-phan-91.a

dan the 2 terminal simple setae,6urcr eilge of carPus anil propoilus of maxilli'peit II exteniling in a sirong spine each. First tw-o peraeopods rt'ithout exopo-

'dites. Pleopods ibsent. Uropois biramou-so the rami reduced to l-2 segments.

Si;;g diiorphism of chel-ae, in males being much largero able to be either..r*-""tti"ul 6r more often, asymmetrical'"'-

iU" speciee here describei raises their numler in the genus to 14 and

is widespreid io th" Pacific Ocean (Japan, Carolina, Galapagos) and in thetropical'Atlantic Ocean (Caribbean, Cape Verde Islands)'

- I believe that the features of the modified diagnose of the genus are-

also sood characteristics of a separate family, Synap_s-eudidae;-the n-ecessity-of

."or"'*i"S this Monokophora groop from thi family Metapseudidae. Lang 1970'

;ir*i;il?E;r;;;iidiz, p.'ros;, when he considlred it as belonsing to a new

subfamily, SynaPseudinae'Synapseuilis Miller emend. Bicescu and Curtipleon mihi are the only

genera constituing the family of Synapseudiiloe'""-"^b;;;;iptlon%f the ne# species 6f Synopt"udes with violet spots, from the

Tanzanian corals' svnapseuiles acroporae n- sp.

(Fis.i C'-N and Pl-ate 1, Pholo F)Desuiption (d f). t""aids wit\ 3-'segmented pleon (Fig' I E I and .N)

integument'soft, no=t merely non'calcified, but somewlat gelatinouso app-earing

;;-;?;;;;J Ly " nyun"" i"y""o very adhesive, with a very low number ofrpi""r, tft" ilyalin!, transparent. Everywhereo minuteo -adhesive

filaments'verv obvious on uropods, p'leotelson, "oi"oo"".

Meros and ischium of maxil'if"Ja ii ."i*i".." in'a stroig spine each, instead of plumosj setae^(Fig...1 Cl.

R;il;;i".r.p""" like ai X- shaped_ proj-ection-(Fig..F and G) or like a

*"i""g"*r"i uiil"'pl"t" (Fig. 1. M.n); whise-heart'thlp"| tpp-",'ili"i ': ^dTio tU""ty.tine mdss "o-r""iog

it, that.laterally.extends beyond the bases ofantenna "I (underneath the latter) (Fig' t F,G)'

Chelae dimorphic but symmetrical in^$Jf1S' t-K, L and M)'-

Size : I.S-i mm. The posterior half of thi edges and the rvhole pos-

terior half of carapaee, pale purplish-blue brown. fho"aco*e_r 4, _stron-gly;;;; o" tn" surdce and with br^own spots on t-he ed-ges of the other tho'i""o-"rr, at the joining points. Eyes pointedo u'ell developed' but not clearly

,"f"rut"d, with "distinitiy defined omatidia in the black pigmentary mass.

Four strong pennat; setae, also_adhesiveo on each thoracomer, 2 dorsal,

2 lateral, on the"sleeond pleonite and on the -pleotelson,,the last one termi'

".ti"g il Z .pinules and sh'owing a dorsal protu6era-nc9' A lly:I of fine adhesive

filaments covers ,o-" of the"appendages (Fig' I.C and N f inst') i"^d-,tportion of the body, concealing the fine structures (t'. inst. the splnes ot Alr'

c

E

*B ( v,-si,, 1

'lI

\=.,,-r)

Tig._1.-4 u.nd P'Curtipleon n.g.-C carinatoides n.sp. Aomaxilliped 2.B,mandible; b,9:!ei!_.t the trp gf_tle-terminal phanera of palp. C-N. Synopseudes acloporae n.sp, (C,D,E,F,g,Y,K: Q; F,G,I,,L,M,N:JlC, maxillipeii II and D, &ognathus 6f aootheir

"pe"ir""o;E, a.nterior qart-_of a Q, seen from abovej E l, its terminal portion; Fo rostral poirtion ofanothe-r g;_G, ditto-d (?nother than in Fig, M). H, antenna- Q, I,'epietome and palp ofmandih_le. J, mandible. K, chlla Q. r,, left cf,elipeil of d, in Fig. M, aiterior part and thechclipecl of another 6, seen from aboveo N, laei thoraeomer ant-its pleon, in lat-eral view.

J

54 MIHAI BTCESCU

The number of segments and the structures of antennae is the same in bothBexes; a basis as large as the combined remaining segments, bearing 6-8epinules (Fig. 1 G), so transparent that they may be overlooked; flagellabisegmented issuing from a third basal 6egment, at different levels. (Fig. fE and M). Flagella and phanera golden-brown, in contrast with the trans,parent-white of the remaining part6. Antenna 2, 6-segmented (Fig. I H).Mouth parts of the type specific to the genus, a strong epistome with hyalinecap (Fig. I I), the mandibular palp 3-segmented nearly cylindrical, notflat. Lacinia mobilis reduced (Fig. 1 J), much less complicated than in thegcrl'te Curtipleon mihi (Fig. I B). without any other phanera than the 2terrninal eetae (Fig. I J). We already mentioned the spines of maxilliped II(Fig.rCandD).

All peraeopods, climbing, with Etrong dactylic crochets; the onlydifference consists in the number of the propodal spines: 4 on the inner edgeand 2 terminal onee at peraeopod 2, decreasing to I at peraeopod 7 (Fig. I El).Uropode with basis short, whith long spur (Fig. I N) with 2-segmented exopoditeand 3 or 4-segmented endopodite.

Dimorphic charcters. Just like in the following species, the female hae4 marsupial laminae, without sternal apophyses (hyposphenia). Antenna I withonly 2 aesthetascae; small symmetrical chelae (Fig. I K), without exopodites,of course.

Males with huge chelae, symrnetrical, of same size (Fig. I L); Antenna Iwith a few more transparent spinules (7-B) on the inner middle of the largeproximal segment and 4 aesth€tascae. A strong penial tubercle (Fig. 1 N)is the only eternal protuberance.

Size 1,5 (Q with 4 eggs) - 1,9 (2,2 with At) in the Q with 9 eggs.Ecology, kinships . B. acropor&e a6 indicated by its name, occurs more

often in the colonies of Acropora, but also in spongiae and even in coral sands,shining white among the coials. A more thorough study on the latter popula'tion might permit its referring to a separate subspecies, as its color is diffe'rent, the integument more adhesive and the tubercles at the basis of A1,frequently absent.

They can be detached from the colonies by sinking them in marinewater weakly formalinized. These are also the living conditions of Iniloapseuileshirsutus n.sp. (the latter usuallyin a much higher number than S-- acropor-qe)and of 2 spicies of the genus

-Apseuiles. Due to the numerous adhesive fila-

meRts chiefly on the appendagis (antenna Io peraeopods, uropods) and tothe adhesive pennate setat on the remaining integument (Fig.- I E), a greatquantity of detritue difficult to remove sticks on the animals; the speciee

do"g oot gucceed to aehieve a complete camouflage as Tanzanapseud.es otCyclopoapseuihs d.o.

A striking character of this Tanaid is the peculiarly strong jellyficationIt probably ilials with an adaptation againsl the toxins of live corale,beciuse it is also encountered- io u smaller extent - in the other colouredSynapseuiles from the Tanzanian waters (5. oiolaceus, S. menziesi).

^If by the absence of a spinose apophysis at the ple_otelson -tip, S. ocra-poro"rua"^blee S. ilispina, Meiziee which alio hae 2 spinules at the abdomen

SYNAPSEUDIDAE FROU TEE TANZANIAN CONAL NEETS

tip, by the reduced number of pleomers (3) and the outer spines -of themeros-and the carpopodite of maiillipeil If, it shows more genuine affinitieswith the eastern Picific species (5. ruilis Menzies and S. intumescens Menzies,f. ex.) or with S. setoensis Shiino (NW Pacific).'However,

S. acroporae differs from all these allied lpecies by the stron_gerjellification of the intigument, by the structure of the rostrum somewhatheart-shaped due to ito-hyaline cap, and by the symmetrical chelae in $ $.The roetial plate, partiaily bent -downwards under the basis of antennaeoa true adornment, never encountered in any other Monokophorao alsoseparates it from the other congenial species.-

Concerning the lateral spin-es of thi median segments of maxilliped II-that also show a distinct kinship with the Pacific species - we unfortunate-lydon't know whether or not they a're present in ail tfre 13 species of Apseuilisknown; it is a pity, because this is perhaps the most characteristic featureof the genu6.

Material, Locality.2 6 6,4 QQ adult. Coral reef of the Mbudya IslandoTanzaniao 3--4 m, f2.XII. 1973, from the Acroporo 6p. by washing, asso-ciated with Iniloapseudes (22 specimens).

-5 specimens: 4 ?9, I d, from Psommocaria contigua corals, crushed.Pangavini island, f9. XII. f973.

- 2 specimens (Q!) from a collected Etone at 7 m. among the corals,Mbudya 21. XII. 1973.

- 37 specimens (7 QQ with eggs, 5 Qt with.the marsupia just emptedo5 dd; the remaini"g 99 nonovigerous and 2 juv., Kunduchio dredged in thepools left on the sand, in the field of Syringoilium, upon ebbtide 27.XI.1973.Tene of Apseuiles (3 .p.) and 2 epec. Tanzanapseuiles in cenose.

Holotype Jo no 320 in the collection of Crustacea at the "Gr. Antipa"Mueeum. t3 9?, 5 d d Syntypes, ditto no 321.

Synapseuiles oiolaceus n.ep,(Fig. 2 A-L and Plate l, Photos B.C.D.)

Description (d 9). Abdomen consisting of 4 distinctly defined pleonites(Fig. 2 A and C). Pleotelson terminates dorsally with a crest. whicho whenviewed from above looks like a tubercle. Small size species:1.4-1.9 mmantennae inclusively. Integument - striking by the intensely purplish bluespotE, chiefly on the edges and the half of the cephalothorax (not dorsally)

- is weakly calcified and less gelatinous than in S. acroporae. Adhesive hairspreEent, aE can be seen in the Fig. 2 A and ro are a lot agglutinating fiIa-ments (Fig. 2 L) on all appendages; these fix the fine detritus on the appen-dages.

- Even thoug\ recalcified, the animals are very brittleo especially the

females; the cephalothorax is readily separated from ihe remaining segments,which in turn, easily separate one from another, upon cleaning the mud.

Chelar strongly diomrphic and asymmetrical in d d (Fig. 2 A), theright one,(Fig. 2 F), twice as thin as the left (Fig. 2 H), chiefly at the soleof propodur; the latter, being twice as thick, ieeme even more abnormal

oc

66 UIHAI BICESCU

"l\M.il4

ffi

wF1E

Fic. 2. - syr1ja;wct!/,et oblga,cus n.rp. A, d, sccn from above. B, cephalothorax of a.9,_-sge-n

i.;L-;"";.'C.-ol-", i" t"t"tat ti"i. D, Antcnna. E, tip of antennule. F,_left,-larg^e _cheliped.E U" .f

-if"'t!c"'"h"1" io another d; H, emall chila of a di I, clela of a 9_(F and I;tfi;" -"g"n'*l )J, laat ecgmenta of pcraepod II_ 9; K, ditto, of the prp VII (same

iagnifior) Ia tip of pleotcleon and wopod.

't atQ\PF-Tfr-+

SYNAPSTiUDIDAE FROM THE TAh-ZANIAN CORAL nEEFS

as against that of S. acroporae, with claws reduced or absent, with circularspace between the fingers (Fig. 2 F, G).

The rostrum, a rebtangular plate with a median tooth and I or 2pairs of small lateral tubercules; sometimes even 3 tubercles may be found,but less prominent (Fig. 2 A, B) t the plate raises almost straightly betweenthe antennae on the ooshoulders" extending beyond the rostrum under thebases of Antenna f up to the eyes. Thoracic segments without spines, as inFig. 2 A.

Antenna f shows on the inner margin of the basal segment, a row of6-8 tubercles, very irregular as to number and shapeo mainly in J (Fig.2 B), Az as in fig. 2 D; with basal segment covered with strong scales.

Proximal segments of chelae, strongly flattened laterally in t (Fig. 2 I)and 2 minute spines on the distal portion of the median segment (Fig. I I).Flagella of Ar consisting of 3 (the outer one) and 2 segments fixed at diffe-rent levels on the common one; 3 aesthetaseae (Fig. 2 E).

Eyes pointedo triangularo well developed, with obvious omatidiao butnot oeparated from the carapace. Epistomal spine distinct, yet not 60 pro-minent. Mandible and maxillipeds as in S. acroporae. Maxilliped II as inFig. I C, with pyriform retinaculae. Peraeopods II-VII climbing of similarstructure (Fig. 2 A,K,J) excepting their gently decreasing in size caudally,the last one having only a propodal spine (not 4 as the peraeopod II). The2-3 tubercles on the inferior edge of the basis of prp. If are not presentat last pairs. (Fig. 2.K) Basis of uropod with a strong spur and 2 smallsegments at exopodite f 3 large ones bt the endopodite (Fig. 2 L).

Even if partially covered with mud the animals reveal their presenceby tJre two intensely purplish-blue spots (Fig. 2 A and B) a huge one com-pletely covering the posterior half of the cephalothorax and anothero trian-gular on the back side of peraeonite IY; another I-2 small spots on pelaeo-pods and on the thoracomer margins, not to mention the violet of themandible basis, of thc mandibulary teetho of the maxilla I and, especially,of the eyes.

Dimorphic characters. J $, chiefly their peraeopods, ar€ more massiveas compared with those in tt. The left chela (checked-up iu 5 J J) isawfully developed as against the right one (compare Fig. 2 F with Fig. 2 H),both in size (ll2 of the total body) ando in a litteral sense, by the stumpy{nge1s, without any trace of claws or with a rudimentary claw (x, Fig. 2F,G) like a coloured point at the fixed finger (Photo B), more rarely at themobile one; the dactylic claws of right cLela, normal.'(Fig.2IJ).

fn lateral view, a conical penial tubercle, similar to that of S. acroporae(Fig. f N) gently directed caudally is readily seen in d. N" ventral apoph-yses.

Material, locality. 2 specimens (d?) Mbudya I5.XII.1973; from thedead, washed, corals. From the cenose: hundreds of Munid,a, ? species ofApseuiles, 3 specimens of Cryptapseudes sankaranhuttyi.

^ l2 63 , 4 !? coral reefs at Mbudya, I5.XII.1973, from the washingof the brow^n^sp_ongia_Hymeniaciilon sp. (ciet. by Prof. M. Sara).

_ - 2 ?9, f 'd, East of Kunduchi, 23 XII 1973, dredged on the coralsands, at 15 m. depth (the cenose is dominated by Pagurapseudes sp.).

58 MIHAI B.T,CESCU

Remorks. S. aiolaceus leads a sedentary lifeo as shown by some livefixed foraminifera fixed on the sternal hairs. The QQ specimens bear 7-10eggs slighthly oval, shiny; the specimens fallen off the corals are stronglystocky with detritus; one hardly recognizes them as Crugtaceans as can beseen in Photo Ao Plate l.

Holotype $, no 322 in the Crustacean coll. of the "Gr. Antipao' Museumand 3 99 + 2 $ $ Syntypes, ditto, no 323.

Synapseuiles menziesi t o..p.(Fig. 3 A-L and Plate l, Photo E)

Description (d ?). Integument with hairs as in the preceding epeciec.Abdomen only 3-segmented (Fig. 3 K.L.). Chelae strolgly dimorphic,but symmetricil in both sexes. Rostrum truncate - a wide plate issuing fromthe suprantennal ttshouldersoo of the frontal portion of the carapace. Alt_ennawith typical spinulation in the distal half of the i.o"" pa-rt_of proximal_baealsegmenf : at about the half of length, a huge tubercle' followed by other 5,veiy small (Fig. 3 A and B). The series begins with a large, p_roximal .spine,followeil by an almost bare epaceo or with 1-3 minute tubercles, continuingwith a series of 3-5 nearly equal denticulatione (tubercles), half as long aa

the proximal one (fig 3 F).- Peraeopods II-VII, not very different in size, show dietinct differencoe

in their struiture, namely: the 3 interior pairs forwardly directed' and thelateral 4th show a long propodus (scarcely 2.5 times as long ac thick), bear'ing 3 strong antero-inferior spines and 2 superoanterio_r ones- (Fig. 3 I)'*[ilst the dactylue is fine, praciically without any tubercle or claw I carpugwith a crown of 4-6 strong distal spines.

Laet 3 paireo caudally directed' like in all epibiont Mo_nokonoploraclimbing on the substrateo have a very elongate pro-podite_ (about 4-timeeas long-aa thick) (Fig. 3 J), only 2 ventral epines, whilst_the 2 dorsal onee

are reflaced by 2 sic[e-shaped setae; dactylue Etouter, with a tubercle underthe terminal claw, and the carpus without epines. Ae a matter of fact thedirection of "amphipod" or ieopod types of these peraeopods and i\"structure difforences between the anterior and the posterior onet are algofound in S. acroprae and S. menziesio with one exception, that in S. menziesi,the propodus of peraeopod II-III bears 4 inferior spinea each.-

Rbetrum rectangular and horizontal in the first species, is wide andsomewhat truncate in-9. menziesi ,'however, being bent downwards - slightlygroove like - it looke as bifid, when viewed from above. Frontally, the rostrumierrninates in a normal mannel (Fig. 3 B), with a few particular formations

- some striated plates ciliated at the end (not with denticlee like in S. uio-laceus),. Eegment 2 of basiso somewhat similar to the preceding speciee, with4-5 strong tubercles. On segment 3 of basiso a common segment whence the

l) Dcdicated to my fricnd Prof. Robcrt y"ar,!es, who degcribcd th3 genus^Synaprylo2and the'ffret 4 rpccies from the Caroline end Caribbcan watcr6, epecice obvioualy allicdwith the Tanzanian group of epecies.

IFi

1I

ffi---!44-_=*

Tis. 3.= sxrtuptetfus-menzieri n.rp. d antcrior porrion of hced (g); B, ditto (anothcr g).g, ,srrilliped II. D, epiatomc and mandibular palp. E, aato.na I F, entcnnulc; G, onc of tf,caymmctrical chdi_pcds oJ_d ; H, cndip4 and p_crieopod II I (with eemo magnificr); I, pceeopod2; J, p-craeopod 7

-Q (wittr-samo-magnificr_); K, last pcracopod with ponir, llcon ind fbotclien"with lcft uopod (in leteral view); L, ditto, reen from abovc.-

60 MIHAI BACESCU

flagella of about equal length issue at different levels; inner flagellum 2-seg'mented, outer one 3-segmented, with 3 aesthetascae in d (Fig. 3 F) and2inQ.

Antennule, without squama (scale consisting of 4 large segments notwidened as in Curtipleon, and 2 small flagella (Fig. 3 E). A pointed epistomeof about the length of the mandibular palp with an abundant adhesive ciliation(Fig. 3 D). Mouthparts as in S. acroporoe. Maxilliped with 2 retinacula,*oie o" less pyrifoim (Fig. 3 C) Chelipeds i somewhat similar (Fig. 3 G).Chelae of the J 61 huge, and much larger as eompared with the 2 other specieshere described (compare photo E with C) ; the fingers encircling a large 6Pace'and the carpus with2 tublrcles (Fig. 3 G). Chela Q as in Fig. 3 H. The otherperaeopodso all climbing, with dactylic claws thinner than in the precedingiongenlal species, (Fig. 3 H,I,J) gradually decreasing in size and ornamen'tation from the second pair to the seventh (Fig. 3 J).

Uropods also thinnet 2 + 4-segmented without rami (Fig. 3 K). -

Basii elongate, terminating in a strong spur that extends beyond thedorsal projection of pleotelson.

Eiology, remarki. Synapseudes menziesi and S. acroPor&e are the firstrepresentatives of the genus described as having symmetrical chelae in d.'d,but distortedly developed.

In S. menziesi the pleon is more similar to the Synapseuiles sp. fromHawai, figured by Lang (1970) (Pl. I, Fig. D and E) or to S. comoriensisPillai (ditio, Fig. 3 C), which indicates their being more allied with the Indianand tLe Australian species than with those from the NW (5. setoensis)-

and the NE Pacific oi the tropical west Atlantic ones (5. intumascens andS. ruilis). AIso noteworthy th- fact that numerous specimens belonging tothis species were dredged from the sandy areas in between.the coral zones

and tle Phanerogame-(.Cymoilocea and Syringoiliuml and that the relativepopulations ar" niore lively and more intensely coloured tian those detachedirom the corals. It means, of course, a good homochromic adaptation to thepolychromia of the coral sands

Sometimes in the psammicolous populations (Fig. I M), the wholecephalothorax is violet brown.

Material, Iocality.' I Q at Logg Cabineo in a violeto cylindrical sponge,with twisted rami, 30.XII.19?3 t 2 66 + I 9, fallen upon washing from ayellowish brown sponge, Hymeniaciilgn 1P. .(det. -Prof.- M._Sara), Mbudyl'

"*o.rg reefs, I m u-pon ebbtide, 20.XII.1973 (together with. Tanzanapseuil_es).--2 66,5 ??, upon washing, from large, yellow Acropora, Mbudya,

3 m, l2.XII.l973, together with the preceding species.

- 2 63, 3 ??, 1 t with eggs: sand among the corals, Mbudya islando24.I.1974.

- 9 specimens (2 dd, 7 ??) from a brown sponge, Mbudya, 20.XII.1973.In asiociation with Tanzonapseuiles, Curtipleon and' 17 Apseuiles sp.

- I dl from Acroporo. Mbudya, 20 XII 1973.I j among the -epibionts failen from 3 Triilacna squanxose in Mbudya'

I4.XII.f 973. Curtipleon carinatoides is dominating.

- 1 specimen Q from a cylindrical coral 21.XII.1973, Mbudya, 10 m.

SYNAPSEUDIDAE FROM TIIE TANZANIAN CORAL REEES 61

- ^Holotype d,--no 324 in the collections of the << Gr. Antipa>> Museum;the 3 syntypes, ditto, no 324a.

*

Generql remarks. The- group of the 3 Tanzanian synapseuiles differsfrom the Pacific or the, Atlantic specieso in the first place, by the shape ofthe _rostrumo alv-ays bilobated in ihe latter. As they ^hr-r"' not been etudiedon live animals, no coloured -s_p_ots_have been mentioned; yet, taking intoaccount shiino's drawings (1951, 4g. t 3 a rd b) they mlst certaiily b"coloured at least on the carapac-e.-Fr-om the Indian Ocean only two splcieshave been recorded

- certainly belonging to the genus synip.seudes^ r,ith

diagnos.is as_ modified by us,__namely: s. comorieisis pillai l'954 (comoreIslands),.and_ {. rudis sensu Makkaveeva l97l (Gulf of Aden), in ihe firstspecies the abdomen consists of 3 pleonites; in the second species it consistsol'4. Since Makkaveeva distinctly figures 4 pleonites, then figures and describesthe^uropod withgut- spu-r and one-segmented exopodite, wiich des not occurin s. menziesi (the last feature was encountered-lamong the known species-only in Synapseuiles heterochele.s (vanhiiffen) from thJ Cape verde'rslandswaters, and in S, minutuslliller (Hawaii) the homologation o?the Synapseuilespopulation from the Gulf of Aden with an Ameiican species couldn,t becorrect. rf we compare S. rudis Makk. (nec S. ruilis Menziei; *ith the abovedescribed specieso by the heterochelia in dd it would ."r"-bl" S, aiolaceusmihi',.yet by the. peculiar-structure of the uropod and the 4-segmented-mandibular palp (could it be a drawing mistake ?) it also differs fiom thelatter and, as such, even if the structure of the rostlum were unknown,the differences mentioned would confer to the Aden population a statuteof new species, s. makkaaee,aae a, sp. From the other d ktoo*o species, thenew- Tanzanian species differ, in the first place, by their straighi rostrum,not bilobated as in the former. S.rsiolaceus S. menziesi- differs from S. comoriensisby the lack,of the transverse row of setae on the first 2 short abdominal segments

""4 !_y a different strueture -of

maxilliped ro of peraeopod I (large "t'"t. 6;and II also differ by the 4 and not 3-segmented pleon, and from 3, hrt"rorir',

Ies, by the uropod bearing a spur and its 2-segmented exopodite.

^ since among- the_ 9o specimens examined in the above 3 species ofsynapseudes, we found_ bgt 2-3 juveniles, we conclude that they don,tlive over one year and that their reproduction begins only in December(during that month we already found l2 ovigerous Q! among th; 4g examined).

In the waters of the western Indian ocean we found, among the synap-seudidae family, the extreme reduction of the pleotelsono to I segment,characteristic of the new genus Curtipleon mihi.

with regard to s. idios Gardiner l9?3, with its 6 pleonic segmentsnot completely fused, and with one pleopod, we think it sf,ould be rlferreclto the Tam. Metapseudidae Larg.

. - The coloured Synapser'didae represent a frequent and peculiar occurrencein the coral reef cenosis (dead and live Coralso Spongiae and sand areas

UISAI EICESCU

among the Corale) We found them in 16 of the over 60 of our etations,the most common being S. a$oporae in eorals and spongiae, and S. mcnziesi,in coralg and sand.

REPREZENTANTII FAMILIEI SYNAPSEUDIDAE (CRUSTACEA,TANAIDACEA) DIN RECIFII DE CORALI AI TANZANIEI, CU DES.CRIEREA UNUI GEN (CU.RTIPLEON) $I A PATRU SPECII NOI DESYNAPSEUDES

REZUMAT

Continuind studiul Tanaidelor capturate cu ocazia expediliei Muzeului<< Gr. Antipar> in apele Tanzaniei, autorul descrie genul Curtipleon, ca abdome-nul redus la un singur articol, in care intri speciile C. carinatus din M. Roqie giC. carinatoides n. sp. din recifii Tanzaniei. Alte 3 specii noi sint deecrige in cadrulgen, Synapseuiles qi anume: S. acroporae n. Bp.r S. ttiolaceus n. sp. gi S. menziesin. sp., Ceea ce Makkooeeoa (1971) a menlionat ca S. rteleronis in M. Rogie,eete socotit de autor ca specie noudo S. makhaoeeaae n. sP.

fIPEACTAB?ITEJIII CEMEI1CTBA SYNAPSEUDIDAE (CRUSTACEA,TANAIDACEA) C KOPAJIJIOBbIX PI4OAX TAH3AUI4I,I S TNIPSEUDESC oIII{CAHHI4EM o,(Horo Po,4A (CURTIPLEON) LI TPEX HOBbIx

BIAJIOB SYNIPSEUDES

PE3IOME

flpogonxcax lr3yqenfle TanauAoe co6paHHbDr rrpl{ gxcneAurgla Myeexa fp. Anru[a)] B BoAax Tau3anuu, aBrop ortrcblBaer pol Curtipleoz a6AolrreH

Koroporo coxpaqeH Ao oAHoro cermeHra c Bt4,qalru: C. carinatus us KpacHoro mopn

u C. carinatoidcs xopaaJloBblx pzson Tanganuz.Onucanrr Ap)'rue rplr HoBbIx BIrAa poAa Sjmapseudes a uMeHHo:

S, aooporac n.sp., .S. ztiolaceus n.sp. u S. menziei n.sp.BrAa orme.rlnrrm Maxxaeeoft (1971 r) n Kpacnoil inope xax ,S. ueleronis

cqnraercff aBropoM HoBbIM BtrAolrr, a uMeHHo s. makkatted)ae n,sp.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BACESCU (M.), f 9?5 - Archaic speciee_of Tanaidacea from the Tanzanian waters, with the- doecription of a new gen.'us, Tanzanaprcudu. Rw. Rown. Bial. 2n1.,20r.2' 8l-91.

BACESCU (M.), l9?5 - Three nJw geo""a and 6r'e new epecieg of M_onokonoqhora {Cruetacea,' Tanaidacea) from the coral reefe of Tanzania (West Inclian Ocean) (in print,ia:. J. Unio. Du'et Solont)

GARDINER (LION F.), l9?3-New species of -the genera Synapsez&r and Cyc\p7(twith notes on morphological variation, poetmaraupial developmcnt and phylo.genetic rclationehipi wiihin the family Metaapecudidae. Zool. J. Linn Soc.,

68' I ; 25-58'

SYNAPSEUDIDAE FROII 1IIE TANZANTAN COBAL REEFS 63

GUTU (Modort), 1972 -_Phylogenetic

and systematic coneid€rationa upon the Monokonophora(C,ruetacJa-Tanaidacea) with t:he iuggestion of a new Family and several newgubfamilies. Rat. Roum. Biol. Zal.ii7, 5; 29?-805

II\NG (K.), l9?0.- Tarononirche und phylogenetische Untcrsuchungcn iiber die Tanaidaceen.4. Athio .&ol. Stokholm, Scr. 2l il\, 16; s9H,z6.

MAKKAVEEVA ,(E.8.)' 1971. - Kacestvennii eortav i kolicegtvennoe rasprcdelenie Tanai-dovih rakov v Kragnorn More. In vol. Bentoe gelfa Kraenogo Moria, El. AK, NUSSR. Kicv: 8&-108.

MENZIES (R:J.L-f95_3 - Th9 {psguilid Chelifera of the eastcrn tropieal and North temperatePacific Ocean. Bull. Mut, Compar, Zoology. Harvard Univ., l(Xl, 9; 441-496.

MILLER (M.)' f940 - The Ispopod Crustacea of tle Hawaiian Ielands (Chelifera and Valvi-feral. Bunice P, Bislnp Mu* Occas, Papers (Bidwp. Mu* Horwlulu), 161 26;295-391.

PILLAI (N.K.)' 1954 - A preliminary note on the Tanaidacea and Ieopoda of Travancore.Bull. centr. rec. Intt. aiio. Traoatwre, 3 C, I, l-21

SHIINO (SUEO Mj)' l9!l - On Two new epcciee of the Family Apeeudidae found at Seto.Rep. Foc. Fich. Unia, Mie, l, i; 12-25.

Muzeul c Gr. Antipa rKieaelef l, Bucurepti 63, Romlnia

M. Bicescu Reprezentative of the Family Synapseudidae.

Plate l, Coloured Synapseuiles from the Tanzanian coral reefs.A'_synapseuiles, as ,it falls .upon iorai washing; only th9 eyes are not concealed by

detritus. B, S. aiolaceus i' in lateral-view, with its huge leit chela. C. S. iiolaceus ! non-ovigerouJ;D, ditto, ovigerous. E, Syrapseuiles menziesi tr..p. 6. F, S. ocr:oporae g.