IRD/Savoirs et Développement 1 Some ESTIME results for the MIRA screening meeting Rigas Arvanitis

IRD/Savoirs et Développement 1

Some ESTIME results for the MIRA screening meeting

Rigas Arvanitis


ESTIME Objectives

Description of the state-of-the-art in research in all scientific fields

Design of indicators for policy making Participate in the debates on how to enhance

research (evaluation, university, etc.) Promote “science studies” in Med countries


ESTIME results on research

Growing production A peculiar form of specialisation :

Engineering and applaied physico-chemical sciences

Small but dynamic research communities Institutional changes in some countries Economic relevance is becoming a reality



0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Tunisia

Morocco

Algeria


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Jordan

Lebanon

Syria


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Thailand South Africa Egypt


Growth pattern

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5

Morocco

Algeria

Tunisia

Egypt

Jordan

Lebanon

Syria

Chile

Thai

South Africa

Growth 2001-06


Social sciences production: Maghreb --

1980_86

1987_92

1993_98

1999_2004

1980_2004

Morocco 1702 2234 3204 4663 7703

Algeria 568 821 1200 1815 3005

Tunisa 737 924 1308 1570 2850


A marked specialization pattern 1/3







Research personnelCountry Personnel – Head

countEPT EPT/

106 hAlgeria 12000 ‘enseignants-

chercheurs’ (?)1400 researchers,

5000 (?)

156

Jordan 42151 (of which 15 800 Sc. & Eng and 62% univ.)

1464 280

Lebanon 13 770professors (?)+ 316 researchers f.t.

712 178

Morocco 14 616 professors2900 researchers

8000 doctoral candidates

5000

+ 8000

166

(433)

Tunisia 25445 prof. of which 758F.T. and 9723 students 3rd cycle

14650 492

(1465)


Budgets for R&D as % of GDPPays 1998 2001 2004

Algeria 0,16 0,27 0,21

Egypt 0,20 0,19 -

Jordan 0,38 0,34 (2003)

Lebanon 0,22 (2006)

Morocco 0,32 0,71 0,80

Palestin.T. Half million for science fund

Syria 0,2 (?)

Tunisia 0,43 0,53 1,00


A diversification of funding sources Tunisia: relative diminishing funds and more

international cooperation + RD in entreprises. Morocco: More private sector (6% in 1998 12,3%

en 2003). Lebanon: diversification of funds at AUB (int. coop.,

foundations, NGOs, entreprises); public funding is lowing (in relative termes at IRAL).

Syria: creation of research funds in the universities.


Low absorption capacity of national research systems Important difference between promised budgets and

implemented funds ( eg. In all countris where data was available)

Important differential between allocated funds and spent funds (in som ecases can go up 60%)

Some institutions have a low ability to respond to international funds.


Three models of governance

Syria

Egypt

Iraq

Centralized type of governance, but decentralized performance

Research in large public research centres and universities

Large public universities

Lebanon

Jordan

Decentralized governance

Research in pub+private universities

Algeria

Morocco

Tunisia

Centralized governance

Large public universities

Research mainly in universities and public research institutes


Some additional results (1)

Strong structuring of the research activity (eg. Tunisia, Morocco)

Active evolutions : Egypt Evaluation (teams, programmes) is still not

in the agenda Social sciences out of the radar... But

more than half of the students.


Some additional results (2)

Growing R&D activity in enterprises Bridging institutions are rare and have still a low

activity /tech transfer units have low activity: legal issues.

Inventive policies in innovation (a world of innovation)

A suggestion: have more private consultancies in charge of relating the research-enterprises linkages.


Some ideas for the future

Create a reference center for bibliometric data + effort on enhancing production visibility

Some coordination with research on innovation – EMIS

Additional work needed for both collection and analyzing data (partnerships + observatories)


Thank you !

www.estime.ird.fr

Documents

IRD/Savoirs et Développement 1 Some ESTIME results for the MIRA screening meeting Rigas Arvanitis