1
QuasiGlobal Precipita2on as Depicted in the GPCP V2.2 and TMPA V7 G.J. Huffman 1 , D.T. Bolvin 1,2 , EJ. Nelkin 1,2 , R.F. Adler 3 1: NASA/GSFC Laboratory for Atmospheres 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc. 3: Univ. of Maryland College Park/ESSIC http://precip.gsfc.nasa.gov How best to use precipita2on es2mates from a diverse, changing, uncoordinated set of satellites with various Periods of record Regions of coverage Sensorspecific strengths and weaknesses? We seek the longestpossible rela2vely homogeneous record of globalprecipita2on Global Precipita2on Climatology Project (GPCP) Climate Data Record (CDR) standards emphasize homogeneity over finescale accuracy TRMM Mul2satellite Precipita2on Analysis (TMPA) HighResolu2on Precipita2on Product (HRPP) approach emphasize finescale accuracy over homogeneity Lessemphasized goal in each is also important, of course Each dataset was upgraded this year GPCP changes are rela2vely modest, although important introduc2on of SSMIS (F17) next upgrade of GPCC product (par2cularly China) TMPA is more substan2al addi2onal periods of data (boxes on diagram below) improved IR record for 1998 – February 2000 updated algorithms (GPROF, in par2cular) consistently reprocessed data records single source of gauge analysis publica2on of addi2onal intermediate data fields BACKGROUND GPCP monthly Mul2Satellite (MS) 1979 – July 1987 OLR Precipita2on Index calibrated from overlap with GPCP in the later period August 1987 – present lower lat.: IR calibrated by single 6 a.m./p.m. microwave product higher lat.: GPCPadjusted cloud volume proxy Produc2onTMPA monthly MS All microwave products calibrated to TRMM Combined Instrument 3hour holes filled by microwavecalibrated IR 3hour fields accumulated for month For both, MS and GPCC gauge analysis combined to SatelliteGauge (SG) product with weigh2ng by es2mated inverse error variance Each SG tends to follow the calibrators Over land – the GPCC gauge analysis Over ocean – satellite calibrator QUICK COMPARISON OF GPCP AND TMPA ALGORITHMS AND INPUTS TMPA V.7 (blue) follows calibrator (TRMM Combined Instrument, TCI; green) 35% offset results from unresolved issues with the calibra2on scheme TMPA V.7 exceeds TMPA V.6 (black) Sagin V.6 resulted from using a series of early AMSU precipita2on data sets in 20002007 (even despite calibra2on!) V.7 uses a consistently processed AMSU (and MHS) algorithm throughout The GPCP V2.2 (red) is generally consistent with TMPA V.7 Overall average is lower Rela2vely strong correla2on in monthtomonth varia2on Interannual varia2on also wellcorrelated GPCP has a larger range GPCP tends to lag by a few months presumably calibrators have a major role in determining these characteris2cs TIME SERIES COMPARISON FOR TROPICAL OCEAN COMPARISON TO MONTHLY ATOLL GAUGES SUMMARY The (quasi)global 2me series and paierns of precipita2on agree rather well between GPCP V2.2. and TMPA V.7 Largescale quan2ta2ve differences tend to stem from the calibrators – a trustedsatellite over ocean, gauge over land This puts a lot of focus on the calibrators Modelers see these differences as a huge issue Data issues: Atolls specifically selected for lack of orography presumably representa2ve of open oceanAtolls are not included in the GPCC gauge analysis therefore, these are independent data for both plots All these are single gauges there is an issue comparing point gauge measurements to satellite grid box es2mates Period of record is longer for GPCP TMPA rela2vely unbiased across most rain rates Even if TMPA V.7 is 35% high (see Time Series), the bias is beier than for GPCP V2.2 By eye, both seem to show a break in slope around 10 mm/d 1998 2000 2004 TMI,PR,TMI/PR combo. 2002 SSM/I F14 SSM/I F13 SSM/I F15 AMSU N16 AMSU N15 AMSU N17 AMSRE CPC Merged IR NCDC GriSatB1 IR 2006 SSMIS F16 MHS N18 MHS N19 SSMIS F17 2008 2010 MHS MetOp SSMIS F18 GPCP Monitoring Analysis (gauge) GPCC Full Analysis (gauge) 2012 1980 1990 1985 SSM/I F11 SSM/I F08 SSM/I F13 AIRS soundings TOVS soundings 1995 SSMIS F17 2000 2005 GPCC Monitoring Analysis (gauge) GPCC Full Analysis (gauge) 2010 OPI leo, geoIR GPI Graphs show data records used in TMPA (top) and GPCP SG (right) Periods of record not used in the datasetS are shown in lighter color Addi2onal data records used in TMPA V.7 are boxed TMPA V.7 GPCP V2.2 COMPARISONS OF CLIMATOLOGIES Monthly (and longterm) difference governed by: Land: precipita2on gauge analysis significant upgrades in the GPCC version used changes mostly posi2ve mostly in complex terrain Ocean: calibra2ng satellite es2mator modest upgrades in TCI but, V.6 had low bias over much of this period due to AMSU algorithm issues V.7 has small posi2ve offset from (new, higher) TCI V.7 – V.6 (mm/d) Version 7 (mm/d) Version 6 (mm/d) GPCP V2.2 (mm/d) TMPA V.7 (mm/d) TMPA V.7 – GPCP V2.2 (mm/d) TMPA V.7 – V.6 (19982010) TMPA V.7 – GPCP V2.2 (19982010) TMPA averaged to GPCPs 2.5° grid Monthly (and longterm) difference governed by: Land: precipita2on gauge analysis both use the latest GPCC analysis results very similar some differences due to interpola2ng gauge analysis to TMPA scale, and to satellite differences in gaugesparse regions Ocean: calibra2ng satellite es2mator GPCP uses Microwave Emission Brightness Temperature Histogram (METH) lognormal fiied histogram approach TOVS/AIRS cloud volume proxy at higher la2tudes TMPA uses TCI calibra2on, extended past orbital band (35°NS) TMPA has less landsea contrast in Mari2me Con2nent, Southeast Asia Coastal zones have the biggest difference, but its not just the problema2c coastarea TMPA (both V.6 and V.7) has secondary maximum running from Hawaii to the Philippines GPCP is higher at higher la2tudes because METH tends to be higher than TCI and GPROFbased esimates The TOVS/AIRS es2mates tend to be higher and kick in at la2tude 45°55°, depending on season FUTURE The real2me TMPA (TMPART) Version 7 has been retrospec2vely processed from March 2000 through May 2012 Using TMPART V.7 code, but en2re archived record of input Data are posted, but not officially announced Quality control is under way; seeking early usersTMPA will be superseded by IMERG in 12 years GPCP development is ac2ve Version 2 is being reworked as an official NOAA CDR Version 3 development has just been funded by NASA TMPA V.7 GPCP V2.2

IPWG6 Huffman TMPA-GPCP poster · 2016-06-07 · IPWG6_Huffman_TMPA-GPCP_poster.ppt Author: George Huffman Created Date: 11/17/2012 8:30:40 AM

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Page 1: IPWG6 Huffman TMPA-GPCP poster · 2016-06-07 · IPWG6_Huffman_TMPA-GPCP_poster.ppt Author: George Huffman Created Date: 11/17/2012 8:30:40 AM

Quasi-­‐Global  Precipita2on  as  Depicted  in  the    GPCP  V2.2  and  TMPA  V7  G.J. Huffman1, D.T. Bolvin1,2, EJ. Nelkin1,2, R.F. Adler3

1: NASA/GSFC Laboratory for Atmospheres 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc. 3: Univ. of Maryland College Park/ESSIC

http://precip.gsfc.nasa.gov

How  best  to  use  precipita2on  es2mates  from  a  diverse,  changing,  uncoordinated  set  of  satellites  with  various  •  Periods  of  record  •  Regions  of  coverage  •  Sensor-­‐specific  strengths  and  weaknesses?    We  seek  the  longest-­‐possible  rela2vely  homogeneous  record  of  “global”  precipita2on  •  Global  Precipita2on  Climatology  Project  (GPCP)  

 •      Climate  Data  Record  (CDR)  standards    •      emphasize  homogeneity  over  fine-­‐scale  accuracy  

•  TRMM  Mul2-­‐satellite  Precipita2on  Analysis  (TMPA)    •      High-­‐Resolu2on  Precipita2on  Product  (HRPP)  approach    •      emphasize  fine-­‐scale  accuracy  over  homogeneity  

•  Less-­‐emphasized  goal  in  each  is  also  important,  of  course    Each  dataset  was  upgraded  this  year  •  GPCP  changes  are  rela2vely  modest,  although  important  

 •      introduc2on  of  SSMIS  (F17)    •      next  upgrade  of  GPCC  product  (par2cularly  China)  

•  TMPA  is  more  substan2al    •      addi2onal  periods  of  data  (boxes  on  diagram  below)    •      improved  IR  record  for  1998  –  February  2000    •      updated  algorithms  (GPROF,  in  par2cular)    •      consistently  reprocessed  data  records    •      single  source  of  gauge  analysis    •      publica2on  of  addi2onal  intermediate  data  fields  

BACKGROUND  

GPCP  monthly  Mul2-­‐Satellite  (MS)  •  1979  –  July  1987  

 •      OLR  Precipita2on  Index  calibrated  from  overlap  with  GPCP  in  the              later  period  

•  August  1987  –  present    •      lower  lat.:  IR  calibrated  by  single  6  a.m./p.m.  microwave  product    •      higher  lat.:  GPCP-­‐adjusted  cloud  volume  proxy  

 “Produc2on”  TMPA  monthly  MS  •  All  microwave  products  calibrated  to  TRMM  Combined  Instrument  •  3-­‐hour  holes  filled  by  microwave-­‐calibrated  IR  •  3-­‐hour  fields  accumulated  for  month    For  both,  MS  and  GPCC  gauge  analysis  combined  to  Satellite-­‐Gauge  (SG)  product  with  weigh2ng  by  es2mated  inverse  error  variance    Each  SG  tends  to  follow  the  calibrators  •  Over  land  –  the  GPCC  gauge  analysis  •  Over  ocean  –  satellite  calibrator  

QUICK  COMPARISON  OF  GPCP  AND  TMPA  ALGORITHMS  AND  INPUTS  

TMPA  V.7  (blue)  follows  calibrator  (TRMM  Combined  Instrument,  TCI;  green)  •  3-­‐5%  offset  results  from  unresolved  issues  with  the  calibra2on  

 scheme    TMPA  V.7  exceeds  TMPA  V.6  (black)  •  “Sag”  in  V.6  resulted  from  using  a  series  of  early  AMSU  precipita2on    data  sets  in  2000-­‐2007  (even  despite  calibra2on!)  •  V.7  uses  a  consistently  processed  AMSU  (and  MHS)  algorithm  

 throughout    The  GPCP  V2.2  (red)  is  generally  consistent  with  TMPA  V.7  •  Overall  average  is  lower  •  Rela2vely  strong  correla2on  in  month-­‐to-­‐month  varia2on  •  Interannual  varia2on  

 •  also  well-­‐correlated    •  GPCP  has  a  larger  range    •  GPCP  tends  to  lag  by  a  few  months    •      presumably  calibrators  have  a  major  role  in  determining  these              characteris2cs  

TIME  SERIES  COMPARISON  FOR  TROPICAL  OCEAN  

COMPARISON  TO  MONTHLY  ATOLL  GAUGES  

SUMMARY  

The  (quasi-­‐)global  2me  series  and  paierns  of  precipita2on  agree  rather  well  between  GPCP  V2.2.  and  TMPA  V.7    Large-­‐scale  quan2ta2ve  differences  tend  to  stem  from  the  calibrators  –  a  “trusted”  satellite  over  ocean,  gauge  over  land  •  This  puts  a  lot  of  focus  on  the  calibrators  •  Modelers  see  these  differences  as  a  huge  issue  

Data  issues:  •  Atolls  specifically  selected  for  lack  of  orography  

 •      presumably  representa2ve  of  “open  ocean”  •  Atolls  are  not  included  in  the  GPCC  gauge  analysis  

 •      therefore,  these  are  independent  data  for  both  plots  •  All  these  are  single  gauges  

 •      there  is  an  issue  comparing  point  gauge              measurements  to  satellite  grid  box  es2mates  

 Period  of  record  is  longer  for  GPCP    TMPA  rela2vely  unbiased  across  most  rain  rates  •  Even  if  TMPA  V.7  is  3-­‐5%  high  (see  Time  Series),  the  bias  

 is  beier  than  for  GPCP  V2.2  •  By  eye,  both  seem  to  show  a  break  in  slope  around  10  

 mm/d  

1998     2000   2004  

TMI,PR,TMI/PR  combo.  

2002  

SSM/I  F14  

SSM/I  F13  

SSM/I  F15  

AMSU  N16  AMSU  N15  

AMSU  N17  

AMSR-­‐E  

CPC  Merged  IR  

NCDC  GriSat-­‐B1  IR    

2006  

SSMIS  F16  

MHS  N18  MHS  N19  

SSMIS  F17  

2008   2010  

MHS  MetOp  

SSMIS  F18  

GPCP  Monitoring  Analysis  (gauge)  

GPCC  Full  Analysis  (gauge)    

2012  

1980   1990  1985  

SSM/I  F11  

SSM/I  F08  

SSM/I  F13  

AIRS  soundings  

TOVS  soundings  

1995  

SSMIS  F17  

2000   2005  

GPCC  Monitoring  Analysis  (gauge)  

GPCC  Full  Analysis  (gauge)    

2010  

OPI  leo-­‐,  geo-­‐IR  GPI  

 Graphs  show  data  records  used  in  TMPA  (top)  and  GPCP  SG  (right)  

Periods  of  record  not  used  in  the  datasetS  are  shown  in  lighter  color  

Addi2onal  data  records  used  in  TMPA  V.7  are  boxed  

TMPA V.7!

GPCP V2.2!

COMPARISONS  OF  CLIMATOLOGIES  

Monthly  (and  long-­‐term)  difference  governed  by:  •  Land:  precipita2on  gauge  analysis  

 •  significant  upgrades  in  the  GPCC  version  used    •  changes  mostly  posi2ve    •  mostly  in  complex  terrain  

•  Ocean:  calibra2ng  satellite  es2mator    •  modest  upgrades  in  TCI    •  but,  V.6  had  low  bias  over  much  of  this  period  due  to  AMSU      algorithm  issues    •  V.7  has  small  posi2ve  offset  from  (new,  higher)  TCI  

V.7 – V.6 (mm/d)

Version 7 (mm/d)

Version 6 (mm/d)

GPCP V2.2 (mm/d)

TMPA V.7 (mm/d)

TMPA V.7 – GPCP V2.2 (mm/d)

TMPA  V.7  –  V.6  (1998-­‐2010)  

TMPA  V.7  –  GPCP  V2.2  (1998-­‐2010)  

TMPA  averaged  to  GPCP’s  2.5°  grid    Monthly  (and  long-­‐term)  difference  governed  by:  •  Land:  precipita2on  gauge  analysis  

 •  both  use  the  latest  GPCC  analysis    •  results  very  similar    •  some  differences  due  to  interpola2ng  gauge  analysis  to  TMPA  scale,      and  to  satellite  differences  in  gauge-­‐sparse  regions  

•  Ocean:  calibra2ng  satellite  es2mator    •  GPCP  uses      •        Microwave  Emission  Brightness  Temperature  Histogram                  (METH)  log-­‐normal  fiied  histogram  approach      •      TOVS/AIRS  cloud  volume  proxy  at  higher  la2tudes    •  TMPA  uses        •      TCI  calibra2on,  extended  past  orbital  band  (35°N-­‐S)  

 TMPA  has  less  land-­‐sea  contrast  in  Mari2me  Con2nent,  Southeast  Asia  •  Coastal  zones  have  the  biggest  difference,  but  it’s  not  just  the  

 problema2c  “coast”  area    TMPA  (both  V.6  and  V.7)  has  secondary  maximum  running  from  Hawaii  to  the  Philippines    GPCP  is  higher  at  higher  la2tudes  because  •  METH  tends  to  be  higher  than  TCI  and  GPROF-­‐based  esimates  •  The  TOVS/AIRS  es2mates  tend  to  be  higher  and  kick  in  at  

 la2tude  45°-­‐55°,  depending  on  season  

FUTURE  

The  real-­‐2me  TMPA  (TMPA-­‐RT)  Version  7  has  been  retrospec2vely  processed  from  March  2000  through  May  2012  •  Using  TMPA-­‐RT  V.7  code,  but  en2re  archived  record  of  input  •  Data  are  posted,  but  not  officially  announced  •  Quality  control  is  under  way;  seeking  “early  users”    TMPA  will  be  superseded  by  IMERG  in  1-­‐2  years    GPCP  development  is  ac2ve  •  Version  2  is  being  reworked  as  an  official  NOAA  CDR  •  Version  3  development  has  just  been  funded  by  NASA  

TMPA V.7!

GPCP V2.2!