IPv6 and Mobility in WiBro Youn-Hee Han [email protected] Korea University of Technology and Education Internet Computing Laboratory

IPv6 and Mobility in WiBro

Youn-Hee [email protected]

Korea University of Technology and EducationInternet Computing Laboratory

http://icl.kut.ac.kr

IT FORUM KOREA 2008

Outline

Recent Reports on IPv4 Depletion and IPv6

Adoption

Web 2.0 and IPv6

IPv6 over WiBro

IPv6 Mobility over WiBro

Proxy Mobile IPv6

Conclusions & Discussion

IT FORUM KOREA 2008 2/30

Recent Reports on IPv4 Depletion and IPv6 Adoption



Recent Status of IPv4 Address Space

Source: 72th IETF (July 2008)

Recent Status of IPv4 Address Space

IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)- 인터넷 할당 번호 관리기관

RIR (Regional Internet Registry)- 대륙별 인터넷 레지스트리- APNIC: (Asia Pacific Network Information Center)


Report of “http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html”

2008-08-12

2008-05-10

KT’s Plan on IPv6 Commercial Service


Web 2.0 and IPv6


Most conservative access model changes introducing “Carrier-Grade NAT (CGN)”

AccessConcentrator

Internet

Global v4 address

CPEWith NAT

Global v4 address

End Host

Private v4 address

FTTHADSL

AccessConcentrator

With NAT

Internet

Global v4 address

CPEWith NAT

Private IPv4 address

End Host

Private v4 address


Web 2.0 and IPv6


CGN looks v6 is not needed? No. CGN has serious restrictions. IPv6 is needed !

Each customer can have only some “limited” numbers of sessions simultaneously.

“port number” is just 2bytes which means 64K For example, if 2000 customer shares same Global IPv4 address

(please note that this is just for example), only 25 or 30 so sessions can be used by each customer at the worst case.

Which means that:

Web 2.0 and IPv6


Max 30 Connections Max 20 Connections

Max 15 Connections Max 10 Connections


Web 2.0 and IPv6



Examples of # of concurrent sessions

AJAX applications break behind NAT Too many connections exhaust public IP port space

Webpage # of sessionsNo operation 5 ～ 10

Yahoo top page 10 ～ 20Google image search 30 ～ 60

Nico Nico Douga 50 ～ 80OCN photo friend 170 ～ 200+

iTunes 230 ～ 270iGoogle 80 ～ 100Rakuten 50 ～ 60Amazon 90

HMV 100YouTube 90

IPv6 over WiBro


IPv6 Link over WiBro Network Architecture

IPv6 & Network Model in WiBro/IEEE 802.16

IP NetworkIP NetworkInternetInternet

E R E R

ACR

L2 Switch

RAS

MS

DHCP

AAA

ACR ACR

DNSNMS


E R E R

ACR

L2 Switch

RAS

MS

DHCP

AAA

ACRACR ACRACR

DNSNMS

IPv6 Protocol

Suite(Neighbor)

PSS


IPv6 Link over WiBro Network Architecture

PSS 1

PSS 2

PSS 3

PSS 4

PSS 5

PSS 6

RAS 1

RAS 2

RAS 3

ACR 1

ACR 2

Components PSS: Portable Subscriber Station, RAS: Radio Access

Station (Omniscient) ACR: Access Control Router

Knows about all PSSs and RASs attached to itself

Only one ACR at any PSS and RAS the first hop access router of a PSS.

A transport connection always exists between PSS and ACR

PSS – RAS: IEEE 802.16 MAC connection Connection ID

RAS – ACR: GRE Tunnel All traffic go through an AR.

an PSS's on-link neighbor is only an AR.


Link Model

IEEE 802.16 LinkIEEE 802.16 Link

IPv6 Link (Subnet)IPv6 Link (Subnet)

PSS1PSS1

BSBS(RAS)(RAS)

ARAR(ACR)(ACR)

PSS3PSS3

PSS2PSS2

From the viewpoint of IPv6 ND, BS is just link-level bridge. Unlike IEEE 802.11, however, From the viewpoint of IPv6 ND, BS is just link-level bridge. Unlike IEEE 802.11, however, IEEE 802.16 BS is always acting as the termination point for a communication IEEE 802.16 BS is always acting as the termination point for a communication by using by using Connection IDConnection ID instead of MAC address instead of MAC address

IEEE 802.11 MAC HeaderIEEE 802.11 MAC HeaderFrameControl

DurationID

Addr 1 Addr 2 Addr 3 Addr 4SequenceControl

2 2 6 6 6 62

802.11 MAC Header

Bytes:

Recipient Recipient Addr.Addr.

Transmitter Transmitter Addr.Addr.

802.16 MAC Header

FromDS: Original Source Addr., ToDS: Final FromDS: Original Source Addr., ToDS: Final Destination Addr.Destination Addr.

Special Special Addr.Addr.

IEEE 802.16 Link vs. IPv6 Link (Subnet)


Convergence Sub-layer Determination

PSS 1PSS 1

BSBS(RAS)(RAS)

ARAR(ACR)(ACR)

PSS 3PSS 3

PSS 2PSS 2

Ethernet HeaderEthernet Header(Source MAC, (Source MAC,

Destination MAC)Destination MAC)

IPv6 HeaderIPv6 Header(Source IP, Destination (Source IP, Destination

IP)IP)




IP)IP)

PSS 1PSS 1

BSBS(RAS)(RAS)

ARAR(ACR)(ACR)

PSS 3PSS 3

PSS 2PSS 2


IP)IP)

IPv4 or IPv6 IPv4 or IPv6 HeaderHeader

(Source IP, Destination (Source IP, Destination IP)IP)

GRE HeaderGRE Header

DATA PayloadDATA Payload DATA PayloadDATA PayloadDATA PayloadDATA Payload


IP)IP)

DATA PayloadDATA Payload

Ethernet CS/BridgingEthernet CS/Bridging(fixed/nomadic WiMAX networks)

IP CS/GRE TunnelIP CS/GRE Tunnel(cellular-style networks, e.g., WiBro)



CS: Convergence Sub-layer


Subnet Model DeterminationIPv6 subnet models

Shared Prefix Model One (or more) prefixes advertised on the link No native on-link multicast is possible with this method.

However ACR can implement proxy mechanism All PSSs send the packets to ACR irrespective of the

destination link local scope packets are relayed by ACR

WiMAX has chosen it.

[RFC 4968, Aug. 2007][RFC 5181, May 2008]

L3

L2

PSS 1

RAS

ACRWireless Peer-to-Peer Connection

GRE Tunnel

IPv6 (Shared Prefix Model)

L2 RAS GRE Tunnel

L3

PSS 2

IPv6 (Shared Prefix Model)


Subnet Model DeterminationIPv6 subnet models

Point-to-point Link Model the unique prefix per PSS Only an ACR and a PSS belong to an IPv6 link. Most IPv6 functionalities can be implemented without

difficulty. e.g., DAD might be needless

Suitable to Cellular-like model (e.g., WiBro)

L3

L2

PSS 1

RAS

ACRWireless Peer-to-Peer Connection

GRE Tunnel

IPv6 (Unique Prefix Model)

L2 RAS GRE Tunnel

L3

PSS 2

IPv6 (Unique Prefix Model)

[RFC 4968, Aug. 2007][RFC 5181, May 2008]


IPv6 Neighbor Discovery ServiceRouter (ACR)/Prefix/Parameters Discovery

How to deliver Router information, Prefix, Link MTU to PSS? Original

Unsolicited RA or RS/RA exchange in multicast manner WiMAX/WiBro Approach

Unsolicited Unicast RA when PSS attaches to network RS/RA exchange in unicast manner

Stateless Address Auto-configuration & DAD Should we support “stateless auto-conf.” in WiBro? Yes. How to DAD? WiMAX/WiBro Approach

Relay DAD Omniscient ACR knows about all PSSs’ addresses attached to itself ACR may relay DAD messages to the destination


IPv6 Neighbor Discovery ServiceNext-hop Determination & (Neighbor) Address Resolution

Next-hop Determination Destination IPv6 Address → A Neighbor or A router?

Address Resolution A Neighbor or A router → Link-layer Address (MAC)

WiMAX/WiBro Approach ACR is the only neighbor for a PSS. So, it is simple

Neighbor Unreachability Detection How to know whether a neighbor node is reachable? How to DAD? WiMAX/WiBro Approach

ACR is the only neighbor for a PSS. So, it is simple We may do this from link-layer event notification

Redirect ACR notifies a PSS of the better next-hop WiMAX/WiBro Approach: No Use.


IPv6 Mobility over WiBro


PMIPv6 History


3GPP, 3GPP2 and WiMAX operators have been showing their STRONG interests for network-based IP mobility solution

IETF NetLMM WG have standardized Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6, RFC 5213)

72th (08.07)

RFC 521

3

ongoing…

DT: NetLMM Design Team

PMIPv6 Overview

LMM (Localized Mobility Management)

Domain

MAG

LMA

Proxy Binding Update/Ack. (PBU/PBA)Control message sent by MAG to LMA to establish a

binding between MN-HoA and Proxy-CoA

Home Network

Proxy Care of Address (Proxy-CoA)The address of MAG

That will be the tunnel end-point

IP Tunnel IP-in-IP tunnel between LMA and MAG

MAG

LMA: Localized Mobility AgentMAG: Mobile Access Gateway

LMA Address (LMAA)

MN’ Home Address (MN-HoA) MN continues to use it as long as

it roams within a same domain

That will be the tunnel entry-point

MN’s Home Network (Topological Anchor Point)

MN’s Home Network Prefix (MN-HNP)CAFE:2:/64

movement


PMIPv6 OverviewAssumptions (or Restrictions)

Link between MN(PSS) and MAG is a point-to-point link (not shared link) Logically exclusive layer 3 link between MN and MAG

Per-MN Prefix model unique home network prefix is assigned to MN

Support both Steteless and Stateful address configuration modes

AR(ACR)/MAG

MN(PSS) . . . MN(PSS)

Point-to-point link Point-to-point link

Per-MN PrefixPer-MN Prefix


PMIPv6 Operation Flow

MN MAG/ACR AAA&Policy Store LMA CN

MN Attachment AAA Query with MN-ID

AAA Reply with Profile

PBU with Proxy-CoA, MN-ID, Timestamp option

PBA with MN-ID, Home Network Prefix optionRouter Advertisement (Home Network Prefix)

[MN-HoA:CN](data)[Proxy-CoA:LMAA][MN-HoA:CN](data)

[MN-HoA:CN](data)

Tunnel Setup

PBU: Proxy Binding UpdatePBA: Proxy Binding Ack.

DHCP ServerDHCP Request

DHCP Response

DHCP Request

DHCP Response

Optional

Default GW &

AddressConfiguratio

n


Network Model in PMIPv6 over WiBro/IEEE 802.16

PMIPv6 over WiBro


E R E R

ACR/MAG

L2 Switch

RAS

PSS

LMA

AAA/Policy Store

ACR

ACR

DNSNMS


Protocol Stacks in PMIPv6 over WiBro/IEEE 802.16

PMIPv6 Implementation over WiBro

RASRAS ACR/ACR/MAGMAGPSSPSS


IP)IP)


IP)IP)

GRE HeaderGRE Header



IP)IP)




LMALMA



IP)IP)

GRE Tunnel



AAA/AAA/Policy ServerPolicy Server

Data Packets

IP-in-IP Tunnel


IP)IP)



IP)IP)



OperatorOperatorGWGW

Mobility HeaderMobility Header


IP)IP)



PMIP6 Signaling


PMIPv6 Handover Procedure over WiBro

PMIPv6 Protocol in WiBro Handover Procedure

MNLayer 3

MNLayer 2

Serving BS

-BS1-

Target BS

-BS2-Previous

MAG

Target BS

-BS3-New MAG

MOB_NBR-ADV

Scanning

MOB_MSHO-REQ(target=BS2,BS3) HO-Pre_Notification (MN ID, Capabilities, Required BW and QoS)

HO-Pre_Notification_Response (Ack, Available BW, Permitted QoS)

MOB_MSHO-RSP(Recmd.=BS2,BS3)

MOB_HO-IND(target=BS3)

L2 handoverLatency

LMA

Proxy BU

Proxy BA

Tunnels established in advance

Packet Tunneling

IEEE 802.16d/e Network Re-entry Procedure

REG-RSP

AAA

Authentication (LMA Address)

REG-REQ

Router Advertisement

L3 HandoverLatency

Packet Tunneling

Packet

Packet Tunneling


MIPv6 vs. PMIPv6Testbed Setup over IEEE 802.11


[MAG, LMA]Debian 3.1, Linux Kernel 2.6.10

[CN, MN]Windows XP, SP2

[VoD Streaming Software]VLC media server

[IEEE 802.1x Authentication] MD5/EAPoL + RADIUS

MIPv6 Software Stacks on HA, MN: MIPL (Helsinki University of Technology)

PMIPv6 Software Stacks on LMA, MAG: We have been implementing them since 2007

MIPv6 vs. PMIPv6Test Results (will be presented at MobiWorld 2008 conference)


UDP Throughput of MIPv6 UDP Throughput of PMIPv6

IPv4 is limited! Web 2.0 & IPv6

IPv6 Deployment in WiBro IP CS Point-to-Point Subnet Model IPv6 Protocol Adaptation to WiBro

IPv6 Mobility in WiBro PMIPv6 is recommended and its deployment is easy PMIPv6 outperforms MIPv6

Conclusions


Documents

IPv6 and Mobility in WiBro Youn-Hee Han [email protected] Korea University of Technology and Education Internet Computing Laboratory