IPS Chapter 4 Pg 69Solutions

• Solvent – does the dissolvingex: water, alcohol, peroxide, Shout

• Solute – substance that is dissolved• Unsaturated – solvent not full of

solute yet• Saturated – full of solute• Supersaturated – so full it will start to

crystallize (precipitate), can’t hold any more, rock candy

• Concentration – grams of solute in the volume of solvent

given in g / 100 cm3

(multiply grams in 1 mL by 100)

• Pg 69 middle and bottom

• Pg 70 #2-4

• Solutions are homogeneous (completely blended)

• Solubility – how much solute will dissolve in given volume of solvent, characteristic property

Solubility affected by….

1. Temp – solids dissolve better in

hot solvent, graph Pg 73

- gases dissolve better in cool

hot water=less oxygen for fish Pg 82

2. Pressure – carbon dioxide in soda

3. Stirring - agitation

4. Surface area - handout

• Graph handout w/ quiz sheet• Pg 72 #7-11• Pg 75 #13-16, 18-21• Pg 77 ethanol• Pg 78 #22• Pg 79 carbon dioxide• Pg 82 #26-30

Solutions can be….• Solids – alloys

iron + carbon = steel

zinc + copper = brass

tin + copper = bronze

gold + copper = 12 K gold

• Liquids – carbon dioxide in soda

• Gas – air we breathe is mostly nitrogen

Acid RainPg 83

• Carbon dioxide in air makes carbonic acid rain, weak acid ( in soda) but able to dissolve limestone underground and cause sinkholes

• Burning coal and making paper produces sulfur that causes sulfuric acid, strong acid (battery acid), dissolves statues and buildings, harms fish and crops

Solutes in Drinking WaterPg 85

• Hard water – excess calcium (lime deposits)

• Pg 86 #31,32,35,36,37,39,40,42