Cells Pg 69Cells Pg 69

11stst found by Robert found by Robert Hooke in corkHooke in cork

Next, Leeuwenhoek Next, Leeuwenhoek found cells of single found cells of single celled protists in celled protists in water.water.

SchleidenSchleiden found plant found plant cellscells

SchwannSchwann found animal found animal cellscells

VirchowVirchow said said cells come cells come from cellsfrom cells

2 Types of Cells2 Types of Cells1.1. ProkaryoteProkaryote – –

no organelles, no organelles, only DNA and only DNA and ribosomes, Ex: ribosomes, Ex: Bacteria and Bacteria and ArchaeArchae

2.2. EukaryoteEukaryote – – true cells with all true cells with all organelles, Ex: organelles, Ex: plants, animals, plants, animals, protists, fungiprotists, fungi

Parts of CellParts of Cell1.1. Cell (Plasma) MembraneCell (Plasma) Membrane – two – two

layers of phospholipids tail to tail, layers of phospholipids tail to tail, controls ins and outscontrols ins and outs

2. 2. NucleusNucleus – chromosomes, – chromosomes, nucleolus to make ribosomes nucleolus to make ribosomes (make protein)(make protein)

3. 3. Mitochondria -Mitochondria - make energy make energy called ATPcalled ATP

4. 4. Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum – – smooth with no ribosomes, smooth with no ribosomes, rough with ribosomes, transport rough with ribosomes, transport proteinsproteins

5. 5. Golgi BodyGolgi Body – package proteins – package proteins

6. 6. LysosomesLysosomes – destroy old or – destroy old or foreign materials in cellforeign materials in cell

7. 7. CentriolesCentrioles – help cells to divide – help cells to divide chromosomes and organelles chromosomes and organelles when reproducingwhen reproducing

CytoskeletonCytoskeleton (Support Structures) (Support Structures)

1.1. MicrotubulesMicrotubules – cilia and flagella – cilia and flagella for movementfor movement

2.2. MicrofilamentsMicrofilaments – muscles – muscles

3.3. Intermediate filamentsIntermediate filaments – hair – hair folliclesfollicles

Differences in Plant CellsDifferences in Plant Cells1.1. Box shaped cell wall for supportBox shaped cell wall for support

2.2. Large Large vacuolevacuole for water and for water and supportsupport

3.3. ChloroplastsChloroplasts for photosynthesis for photosynthesis

Chapter 5 Pg 97Chapter 5 Pg 97Passive Transport- no energy Passive Transport- no energy requiredrequired

•DiffusionDiffusion – high – highlow low concentrationconcentration

•OsmosisOsmosis – diffusion of water – diffusion of water•Turgor pressureTurgor pressure – Pg 100, – Pg 100,

water in contractile vacuole water in contractile vacuole makes plant standmakes plant stand

•Facilitated diffusionFacilitated diffusion – carrier – carrier proteins help molecules across proteins help molecules across the cell membrane ex: insulin the cell membrane ex: insulin helps sugarhelps sugar

•Ion channelsIon channels – gates for Na & K – gates for Na & K

•IsotonicIsotonic – equal solute in&out of – equal solute in&out of cellcell

•HypertonicHypertonic – more solute outside, – more solute outside, cell shrivels ex: salt watercell shrivels ex: salt water

•Hypotonic Hypotonic – more solute in cell, – more solute in cell, cell swellscell swells

•Water always goes toward solute!!Water always goes toward solute!!

Active Transport Pg 103Active Transport Pg 103requires energyrequires energy• Na-K pumpNa-K pump – muscles need Na – muscles need Na

outside and K inside even if already in outside and K inside even if already in high conchigh conc

• EndocytosisEndocytosis – cell membrane – cell membrane grabbing in ex: pinocytosis – liquidgrabbing in ex: pinocytosis – liquid

phagocytosis – solid (WBC eat phagocytosis – solid (WBC eat bacteria)bacteria)

• ExocytosisExocytosis – cell spitting out – cell spitting out