Ip/MPLS Teknolojileri Giriş - burakkurt.net · firmaları birleşerek Alcatel-Lucent (ALU) ismini alır. ... Wireline Access (ISAM, GPON) Wireless (3G/4G, Femto, Wimax, LTE) Converged

Murat [email protected]

IPD Network Support EngineerQA&CC, SPS&Deployment

Alcatel-Lucent TurkiyeDecember 2009

Ip/MPLS Teknolojileri Giriş

© Alcatel-Lucent 2009 All Rights Reserved

Agenda

1. Alcatel-Lucent Teletaş Türkiye

2. Introduction to IP (Internet Protocol)

3. OSI Reference Model

4. Basics of Networking

5. Basics Routing

6. Ipv6

7. Sorular & Bilgilendirme

© Alcatel-Lucent 2009 All Rights Reserved3 | Technical Sales Forum | May 2008

1Alcatel-Lucent Teletaş Türkiye

Copyright © Alcatel-Lucent 2009. All Rights Reserved.

Alcatel-Lucent Global

4 | EPC update for EMEA | March 2009

� Alcatel-Lucent’ın vizyonu dünyanın iletişim şeklini geliştirerek insanların hayatınızenginleştirmektir. Eşi olmayan çözümleri sunar, müşterilerle ilişkilerini geliştirir ve yeteneğiyle insanların yaşamlarını zenginleştirir.

� Alcatel, elektrik, elektronik, ulaştırma ve telekomünikasyon alanlarda faaliyet göstermek üzere kurulmuştur. Bugün sadece telekomünikasyon sektöründe çalışmaktadır.

� Çin’de tesis kuran ilk yabancı kuruluştur.

� 2000 yılında ATM’de dünya lideri olan Newbridge’i satın alır.

� 2006’da Nortel’in UMTS birimini satın alır, aynı yıl Alcatel ve Lucent Technologies firmaları birleşerek Alcatel-Lucent (ALU) ismini alır.

� 130 ülkede faaliyet göstermektedir.

� 100 farklı ulusa ait, 77.000 çalışanı bulunmaktadır.

� 16 milyar € yıllık geliri (2008), 2.5 milyar € ARGE bütçesi bulunmaktadır.

� 26.000’den fazla patente sahiptir. (2008 patenti, 2700’den fazla)


“

5 | Presentation Title | Month 2008

- Alcatel-Lucent Global


Alcatel-Lucent Teletaş Türkiye

� IP (Service Routers)

� Wireline Access (ISAM, GPON)

� Wireless (3G/4G, Femto, Wimax, LTE)

� Converged Networks (NGN / IMS )

� Optics (SDH, WDM, WT)

� Application Development (SW)

� IPTV & IPTC Competence Centers

� 400+ Mühendis

� Yurtiçi / Yurtdışı Destek

� TAC / TEC Centers - EMEA

� Tiger Teams !!!

� Teknolojiyi sadece uygulayan değil, çözümler üreten global bir firma

� Dünyanın her yerinde farklı projelerde çalışma imkanı, farklı kıtaları ve kültürleri tanıma şansı

6 | EPC update for EMEA | March 2009

� 1965 yılında, PTT bünyesinde ARGE laboratuvarı olarak kuruldu.� 1984 senesinde Teletaş Telekomünikasyon Endüstri A.Ş. olarak Anonim Şirkete dönüştürüldü. Aynı yıl Alcatel Bell firmasından alınan lisans ile Sistem 12 sayısal santrallarının AR-GE ve üretim faaliyetleri başladı.� 1988 yılında halka açılan ilk Türk şirketi olan Alcatel Teletaş, 1993 yılında telekomünikasyonda dünya devi Alcatel’in önemli bir üretim ve AR-GE birimi oldu.� Alcatel Teletaş'ın %35' i halka açık olarak ĐMKB'de işlem görmektedir. Geri kalan % 65 ise Alcatel N.V.' ye aittir.


Alcatel-Lucent Teletaş – Uluslarası Destek Merkezi – Avustralya



Alcatel-Lucent Teletaş – Uluslarası Destek Merkezi – Yeni Zelanda


IP/MPLS Project


Alcatel-Lucent Teletaş – Uluslarası Destek Merkezi – Italya



Alcatel-Lucent Teletaş – Uluslarası Destek Merkezi – Burkina Faso



Alcatel-Lucent Teletaş – Uluslarası Destek Merkezi – Germany

IP DevisionMURAT AKIN


HIPCC / India

TNZ / New Zealand

Telmex, Avantel,

Maxcom / Mexico

Copaco / Paraguay

Antel / Uruguay

Impsat / Peru

Impsat, T2 / Argentina

Jordan Telecom / Jordan

Bezeq / Israel

Singtel, Telstra / Singapore

CTE Telecom / El Salvador

Lattelecom / LatviaTeleonor / Norway Impsat, AT&T /

USA

Titan / Australia

Telefonica / Spain

QualityNET / Kuwait

FT, PSN, CEGETEL, Orange

VTG, Monaco Telecom / France

BT, Isle of Man / England

Belgacom / Belgium

KPN / Netherlands

China Telecom / ChinaTT, Telcom, Sabanci T.,

Doruknet, AtlasOnline,

Eser T. / Turkey

PTK/Kosovo

Net COLOGNE,

EWETEL, MNET, TSI,

Deutsche Telecom /

Germany

Telecom Austria, H3G

/ Austria

Slovak Telecom / Slovakia

PT, Vodafone / Portugal

Maroc Telecom, Maroc Connect

/ Morocco

Combelga, USI / Russia

WIND / Italy

Entel / Chile

Brasil Telecom,

Impsat / Brasil

UTS / Caribbean

Globacom / Nigeria

OND OPTICS – AND_DSL – IPD – CONV_FIX_NGN


2Introduction to IP (Internet Protocol)

© Alcatel-Lucent 2009 All Rights Reserved14 | 7750 SR Overview

Why IP for Network Infrastructure for Services

� IP traffic continues to grow 50-100% each year due to continued growth in Web, peer-to-peer, IPTV and Internet video traffic

� Bandwidth per subscriber is climbing with HSI services shifting to 100M per subscriber from today’s typical 1–4M for Internet access

Residential

Business

Mobility

� Adoption of HSDPA along with availability of new 3G smart phones (e.g. BlackBerry, iPhone) is driving increasing traffic on wireless networks for mobile data/video/web applications

� LTE will support even more BW per subscriber putting further demand on wireless backhaul and core networks

� Worldwide IP MPLS VPN service and Ethernet service revenues willcontinue to grow from $25B in CY07 to $47B in CY11

� With expanding portfolio of business services, Service Providers are looking to converge multiple services onto one network to contain costs

© Alcatel-Lucent 2009 All Rights ReservedAlcatel-Lucent Scalable IP Networks

History of TCP/IP Protocols

� Developed in the 1970s by pioneering network engineers Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn

� Intended to provide a common framework to allow the interworking of diverse network hardware and computer systems

� Included in early releases of the UNIX operating system

� During the 1980s, primarily used by U.S. universities and research institutions

� During the 1990s, increasingly adopted by commercial enterprises

� Provides the underlying technological framework of the Internet today

© Alcatel-Lucent 2009 All Rights Reserved16 | EPC for EMEA | March 2009

Internet – US National Backbone for IP


Sadece Evlerimizde Değil, Mobil Dünyasında da Yüksek Hızlı Đletişim

Kablosuz Erişim Şebekesi

Servis Tipleri

SMS

Web

TV Yayını

Gerçek ZamanlıMultimedia

Sabit ve Mobililetişim dünyalarıarasındaki kesişim

IP Teknolojisinin Gelişimi

Mobil Dünyasında

3G LTE

3G

2.5/2.75G

2G

3G HSxPA

UMA

WiMAX

9.6-240 kb/s

128-384 kb/s

2-14.4Mb/s

IP/Ethernet

TDMATM

IP/MPLS Omurga

NGN + IMS

100+ Mb/s


Tükiye – Erişim Hızları

ŞŞehirlerarasehirlerarasıı arama arama yapmak iyapmak iççin saatlerce in saatlerce bekledibeklediğğimiz gimiz güünlernler

19701970

Artik telefon Artik telefon ssıırasrasııbeklemiyoruzbeklemiyoruz

19801980

YaYaşşasasıın !! n !!

ArtArtıık evimizde k evimizde internetimiz ve internetimiz ve bir ebir e--mail mail hesabhesabıımmıız varz var

33Kbps & 56Kbps 33Kbps & 56Kbps High Speed DialHigh Speed Dial--UpUp

cartoon

19951995

Internete baInternete bağğllııolmanolmanıın n öötesinde tesinde ggöörrüüntntüü ve dosya ve dosya paylapaylaşışımmııyapabildiyapabildiğğimiz gimiz güünlere nlere geldikgeldik

2 Mbps 2 Mbps –– YYüüksek Hksek HıızlzlııĐĐnternetnternet

20082008

Türkiye’de Telekomünikasyon

© Alcatel-Lucent 2009 All Rights Reserved19 | EPC for EMEA | March 2009

IP Header


3OSI & TCP/IP Reference Model


OSI — Interesting Facts

� Never intended for educational purposes

� Formed the basis of the OSI protocol suite, to create a widely adopted suite of protocols to be used by international networks

� The 7-layer model created by Bachman and Canepa was the only model submitted to the ISO subcommittee in March 1978

� Introduced to compete with IBM’s SNA, due to the company‘s closed architecture


OSI Model – 7 Layers

OSI

Upper Layers

Lower Layers

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 20077750 Service RouterAlcatel-Lucent Services Implementation Course

IP & Routing � Overview 5 � 1 � 23

Packetized Data Transfer

When an application needs to send data remotely it hands the data over to the Application Layer.

Physical

Data Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

Physical

Data Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

… 01010011000111000 …

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

Physical Wire

DATA DATA

The remote Application receives the original data, sent by the Source application.

�



The OSI and TCP/IP Model

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Application

Transport

Internet

Network Interfaces

The OSI Model The TCP/IP Model

Layer 3 Layer 2

versus

� A layered network model allows:

� Simplifying complex procedures

� Vendor interoperability

� Better fault isolation

� A modular plug-and-play functionality

�



The Network Layer

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Application

Transport

Internet

Network Interfaces

The OSI Model The TCP/IP Model

Layer 3 Layer 2

The Internet Protocol:

• provides a globally unique addressing scheme

• provides a standardized packet format to route the packets to their destinations

�


TCP/IP Suite vs. OSI

Application

Services

Transport

Internet

Protocol

Network

Interfaces

TCP/IP Suite

Application

Presentation

Transport

Data Link

OSI

Session

Network

Physical


TCP/IP Layering — Application Layer

Application

Services

Transport

Internet

Protocol

Network

Interfaces

TCP/IP Layers

Application

User interface to the network

User Applications

E-mail

Telnet

FTP

WWW


TCP/IP Layering — Transport Layer

Application

Services

Transport

Internet

Protocol

Network

Interfaces

TCP/IP Layers

Transport

Communication between applications

Reliable data transfer

Flow control

Sequencing of data


TCP/IP Layering — Internet Protocol Layer

Application

Services

Transport

Internet

Protocol

Network

Interfaces

TCP/IP Layers

Internet Protocol

Common services and addressing

Unique network addressing

scheme to identify hosts

Routing protocols for path

determination

End-to-end forwarding of

datagrams


TCP/IP Layering — Network Interfaces

Application

Services

Transport

Internet

Protocol

Network

Interfaces

TCP/IP Layers

Network Interfaces

Physical transfer of data

Ethernet

ATM

Frame Relay

PPP


Application Encapsulation

Application

Services

Transport

Internet

Protocol

Network

Interfaces

TCP/IP Layers

From: [email protected]

To: [email protected]

Message Body


Transport Encapsulation

Application

Services

Transport

Internet

Protocol

Network

Interfaces

TCP/IP Layers



Message Body

Source: 1223

Destination: 25

Message BodyHeader Body


IP Encapsulation

Application

Services

Transport

Internet

Protocol

Network

Interfaces

TCP/IP Layers



Message Body

Source: 1223

Destination: 25


Source:138.120.191.122

Dest.: 197.199.45.12

HeaderHeader Body


Data Link Encapsulation

Application

Services

Transport

Internet

Protocol

Network

Interfaces

TCP/IP Layers



Message Body

Source: 1223

Destination: 25


Source:138.120.191.122

Dest.: 197.199.45.12

HeaderHeader Body

DA: 00-D0-F6-A4-26-5C

SA: 00-20-60-37-BB-5F

Hdr F

C

S

Hdr Hdr Body



The Internet Protocol – IP Addressing

Public address range* Class A: 1.H.H.H � 126.H.H.HClass B: 128.N.H.H � 191.N.H.HClass C: 192.N.N.H � 223.N.N.H

Private address range Class A: 10.H.H.H Class B: 169.254.H.HClass B: 172.16.H.H � 172.31.H.HClass C: 192.168.N.H

Multicast address range Class D: 224.H.H.H � 239.H.H.H

Scientific address range Class E: 240.H.H.H � 255. H.H.H

Loopback address range 127.H.H.H

Default address range 0.H.H.H

*Minus the Private address ranges

�



The Internet Protocol – IP packet header structure

Version IHL Type of Service Total Length

Identification Flags Fragment Offset

Time To Live Protocol Header Checksum

Source IP Address

Destination IP Address

Options Padding

0 4 8 16 19 31

�


4Basics of Networking

Module 1 | 38 All rights reserved © 2006–2007 Alcatel-Lucent

Network Devices — Examples

Switch Router

Hub

Repeater


Layer 1 Devices

� A repeater retransmits the Ethernet signal down a wire and amplifies it to be used again. The repeater extends the reach ofEthernet in a LAN.

� A hub works exactly like a repeater, with the exception that it functions less as a distance extender and more like a port concentrator of several hosts in one physical area.

HubRepeater


Layer 1 Devices — Repeater

� Connects network segments

� Retimes and regenerates signals to proper amplitudes

� Disadvantage — propagation delay due to broadcasting

� Disadvantage — physical limit to the number of repeaters used

Repeater


Layer 1 Devices — Hub

� A single Ethernet segment device that can operate at 10/100/1000 Mb

� Can act as a repeater

� Disadvantage — Same as repeater

� Used in small home networks or isolated segments in larger networks

Hub


Bridging and Bridges

� Bridging is a layer 2 (L2) concept.

� Bridging is primarily associated with Ethernet.

� A bridge (or switch) operates at L2 of the OSI model.

� A bridge is an intelligent device that does an L2 address lookup.

OSI Model

Bridge

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

L2 Network Device

Bridge

AT6

Slide 42

AT6 did some rewordinganandt, 21/06/2006


Switches

� A switch is a multiple Ethernet segment device that can have dedicated 10/100/1000 Mb ports.

� Traffic in isolated segments is “switched” via a high-speed, bandwidth-dedicated backplane called a “fabric”.

� The majority of modern switches function in store/forward.

Switch

L2 Network Device

AT7

Slide 43

AT7 this is the original slide, I do not like this since it really doesnt explain the difference between a bridge and a switch.It also assumes that a switch is ethernet basedanandt, 21/06/2006


A router, unlike a bridge, operates up to L3 of the OSI model.

A router connects two different network segments.

Routing

OSI Model

Router

L3 Network Device

Router

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

Basic router functions:

• Examine the IP header of the incoming packet for

the destination IP address

• Look up this address in its routing table

• Determine the best path to the destination IP

address

• Determine the egress interface for the above path

• Forward the data out of this egress interface

L3 Devices — Routers


DATA

TCP/UDP

IP

ETHERNET

DATA

TCP/UDP

IP

ATM

Ethernet

Ethernet/ ATM

DATA

TCP/UDP

IP

ETHERNET

DATA

TCP/UDP

IP

ETHERNET

DATA

TCP/UDP

IP

POS

DATA

TCP/UDP

IP

ETHERNET

DATA

TCP/UDP

IP

PPP

PPP

1

10 9

6

4

32

8

5

7

L2 EncapsulationsAT8

Slide 45

AT8 Details on packet encapsulations, showing how the L2 headers and exchanged and where they are not relevantanandt, 21/06/2006

© Alcatel-Lucent 2009 All Rights ReservedIPD Focus Team Event –Dublin Nov4-6 2008

Switches & Routers - products positioning

5620 SAM / 5650 CPAM Network Management

7750 SR

14 | Alcatel –Lucent 7210 Service Access Switch R1.0 | September 2008

7210 SAS

7210 SAS 7210 SAS

7210 SAS

7210 SAS

Ring Topology7450 ESS

Star Topology

Switches (ALU 7210 SAS):� Home / Enterprise network� Business CPE� Business aggregation

Routers (7750SR):� Core routing� Edge routing� Enterprise & campus routing


5Basics Routing

Module 5 | 48 All rights reserved © 2006–2007 Alcatel-LucentAlcatel-Lucent Scalable IP Networks

Routing Protocols

Static Dynamic

IGP EGP

Distance Vector Link State

RIPv1 and RIPv2 OSPF

IS-IS

Path Vector

BGP

Explicitly define next

hop on every router/

Define default route


The Routing Protocols

AS 1

AS 2

Exterior Routing Protocol

Path Vector: BGPv4

Distance Vector: RIPv1 & RIPv2

Link State: OSPF & IS-IS

Interior Routing Protocol

�


IP – 1.1.1.2

MAC = A

Gateway =

1.1.1.1 - B

IP – 2.2.2.2

MAC = D

IP – 1.1.1.1

MAC = B

IP – 2.2.2.1

MAC = C

IP – 3.3.3.1 IP – 3.3.3.2

ARP Cache

2.2.2.2 = DData

Source Dest. S D

1.1.1.2 2.2.2.2 A B

F

C

S

Data

Source Dest. WAN

1.1.1.2 2.2.2.2 PPP

F

C

S

Data

Source Dest. S D

1.1.1.2 2.2.2.2 C DF

C

S

Routing - Movement of Data


Static Routing

192.168.11.1 192.168.22.1

10.12.1.1 10.12.1.2

192.168.22.0/30192.168.11.0/30

10.12.1.0/29A A

B B

Node1>config>router# static-route 192.168.22.0/30 next-hop 10.12.1.2


Routing Table:192.168.11.0/30 – Direct via interface A

10.12.1.0/29 – Direct via interface B

192.168.22.0/30 – static via 10.12.1.2

Routing Table:192.168.22.0/30 – Direct via interface A 10.12.1.0/29 – Direct via interface B

192.168.11.0/30 – static via 10.12.1.1

Node1 Node2

The Administrator must configure the static routes manually:

�


Default Routing

192.168.22.1

10.12.1.1 10.12.1.2

192.168.22.0/30

10.12.1.0/29A A

B B



Routing Table:192.168.11.0/30 – Direct via interface A

10.12.1.0/29 – Direct via interface B

192.168.22.0/30 – static via 10.12.1.2

x.x.x.x/x – static or dynamic via interface A

Routing Table:192.168.22.0/30 – Direct via interface A 10.12.1.0/29 – Direct via interface B

0.0.0.0/0 – static via 10.12.1.1

Node1 Node2

The Administrator must configure the default route (0.0.0.0/0) manually:

Network Cloud

192.168.11.0/30

A Stub is a network segment with only one exit point

�


Routing Protocol Basics

Network A

Network B

?

? ?

?

How does Network A send data to Network B?


Path Determination

Network A

172.16.1.0/24

Network B

172.16.2.0/24

172.16.3.1/30

172.16.3.2/30

172.16.3.5/30

172.16.3.6/30

172.16.3.9/30

172.16.3.10/30

172.16.3.13/30

172.16.3.14/30

Network A can reach Network B via Path 1 or Path 2. Which one is preferred?

Router 2

Router 3

Router 4

Path 2

Path 1


Metrics

Network A

172.16.1.0/24

Router 1

Network Next-hop router

172.16.3.0/30 to Router 2

172.16.3.12/30 to Router 3

172.16.1.0/24 to Net A

172.16.3.4/30

172.16.3.8/30

172.16.2.0/24

172.16.3.4/30

172.16.3.2

172.16.3.14

172.16.3.14

172.16.3.2

172.16.3.8/30

172.16.3.12/30 172.16.3.2

172.16.3.14172.16.3.0/30

172.16.2.0/24 172.16.3.2

172.16.3.14

Metric

0

3

0

3

0

1

2

1

2

2

2

to Router 3

to Router 2



Routing Principles

IP packet

Destination Address10.0.0.1

IP Address Egress Interface

2.0.0.0/810.0.0.0/8

Int AInt B

Int A Int B

IP packet

1. Check Routing Table

2. Change TTL

3. Change Checksum

4. Send out the correct interface

�



The Full Routing Cycle

Interface A

MAC Address:

00-12-79-22-22-22

FCS

IP SA:

192.168.11.2

DATA

IP DA:

192.168.22.2

Type: 0x800 (IP)

Ethernet SA:

00-12-79-11-11-11

Ethernet DA:

00-12-79-22-22-22

FCS

IP SA:

192.168.11.2

DATA

IP DA:

192.168.22.2

Type: 0x800 (IP)

Ethernet SA:

00-12-79-33-33-33

Ethernet DA:

00-12-79-44-44-44

Interface BInterface A

Next Hop

192.168.22.0/30

192.168.11.0/30

Destination Address

Interface B

MAC Address:

00-12-79-33-33-33

IP DA

00-12-79-44-44-44 00-12-79-11-11-11

Eth Address

192.168.22.2

192.168.11.2

IP Address

Route Table

ARP Cache

IP DA

ICMP unreachable ARP Request

The Router

�



Other Protocols – ARP

Who has IP address 10.0.0.1?

Broadcast an ARP request

Send out an ARP reply

Hey, I have IP address 10.0.0.1!

Destination Address:

FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF

(broadcast)

Source

Address:

00-12-79-11-11-

11

Type code

for ARP0x0806

ARP data:IP: 10.0.0.1

Type: request (code

1)

MAC: 00-12-79-11-11-11

MAC: 00-12-79-22-22-22

The Ethernet ARP request Frame

Destination Address:

00-12-79-11-11-

11

Source

Address:

00-12-79-22-22-

22

Type code for ARP0x0806

ARP data:IP: 10.0.0.1Type: reply (code 2)

The Ethernet ARP reply Frame

�

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent January 200959 | Technical Sales Forum | May 2008

6IPv6


Module Objectives

• After successful completion of this module, you should be able to:

� Summarize the major differences between IPv4 and IPv6

� Describe IPv6 addressing

� Explain the different IPv6 address types

� Describe the changes required in OSPF and IS-IS to support IPv6


Section Objectives

• This section will discuss the basic concepts of IPv6:

� Main features of IPv6

� IPv6 addressing

� OSPF and IS-IS for IPv6 networks

� ICMPv6


IPv6 Features

� Provides a huge address space� More than 3.4x10e38 addresses

� Hierarchical address allocation provides efficient routing� Small routing table

� Supports anycast addresses and eliminates broadcast addresses

� Efficient IP header: 40-byte header with 8 fields� Fewer fields and simpler forwarding

� Built-in security: IPsec implemented in IPv6� Authentication header and encapsulation security payload

� Better QoS support� Flexible extension header

� Daisy chain of next headers


IPv6 Header

� IPv6 header� 8 fields, 40 bytes Version Traffic class Flow label

Payload length Next header Hop limit

Source address

Destination address


IPv6 Header (continued)

� IPv4 vs IPv6 header� IPv4 header: 12 fields, 20 bytes

� IPv6 header: 8 fields, 40 bytes

Version IHL Type of service Total length

Identification Flags Fragment offset

Time to live Protocol Header checksum

Source address

Destination address

Options Padding

Version Traffic class Flow label


Source address

Destination address



� Next header: � Same as the IPv4 protocol

field

� 8-bit field

� Points to the next extension header

� Extension headers are not usually examined by the intermediate router.

� The hop-by-hop option header carries information that must be examined by every node along the path.

IPv6 header

Routing header

Fragment header

TCP data

Example

NH = 43

NH = 44

NH = 6



Source address

Destination address

Extension header •1

Extension header •2

Upper layer header and payload

Next header

Next header



� Source and destination address:� Each address is128 bits.



Source address

Destination address


IPv6 Addressing

� Defined in RFC 3513

� Represented by colon-hexadecimal format2001:0211:0000:0000:ab01:0000:0000:0011

� Compressed representation:� Leading-zero compression

2001:211:0:0:ab01:0:0:11

� Multiple successive zero fields can be compressed (only once).

2001:211::ab01:0:0:11

� Types of addressing:�Unicast addressing

�Multicast addressing

� Anycast addressing


IPv6 Prefixes

� Unicast addressing:� Link-local FE80::/10

� Site-local FEC0::/10 (deprecated by IETF)

� Aggregatable global 2000::/3

� IPv4-compatible ::/96

� Unspecified address ::/128

� IPv6 loopback address ::1/128


IPv6 Prefixes (continued)

� Aggregatable global IPv6 address:� Globally routable and reachable IPv6 address

� IANA-assigned aggregatable address: 2000::/3

� IPv6 addresses are currently being allocated by IANA in this range.

� Multiple-level hierarchy allows efficient routing aggregation:

— Provider topology, site topology, host topologyGlobal routing prefix Site IPv6 interface ID

48 bits 16 bits 64 bits


Anycast Addressing

� Assigned to multiple interfaces of multiple nodes

� A packet destined to an anycast address is routed to the nearest one.

� Unicast addresses with host bits set to zero

� Can be used, for example, to select the nearest server and provide redundancy


Multicast Addressing

� Assigned FF00::/8

� Flag indicates a permanently assigned or transient multicast address

� Scope is used to limit the multicast group

� No broadcast addressing

� Larger number of multicast groups

1111 1111 Group ID

8 bits 112 bits

Flags Scope

4bits 4bits


Multicast Addressing (continued)

� Solicited-node multicast address:� Provides efficient querying for ICMPv6

� Each unicast address has a corresponding solicited-node multicast address.

�Multicast messages can be sent to the solicited-node multicast address group to reduce the number of receivers.

� Format: FF02::1:FFxx:xxxx/104 (xx:xxxx from the last 24 bits of the unicast address)

� Example: Unicast address 2001:1000:10:C2B4:FFFF:FE01:0203 Solicited-node: address FF02::1:FF01:0203

� The multicast packet is then sent to Ethernet multicast address 33.33.FF.01.02.03.

� Replaces ARP from IPv4


Multicast Addressing (continued)

� Well-known multicast addresses:

FF02::1 All-nodes address

FF02::2 All-routers address

FF02::5 All-OSPF routers address

FF02::6 All-OSPF DRs address

FF02::1:FFxx:xxxx/104 Solicited-node address used in ICMPv6

� Multicast address over Ethernet:Multicast MAC 33:33:dst13:dst14:dst15:dst16

(last 4 digits of multicast address)


IPv6 Routing Protocols

� IPv6 routing protocols:�OSPFv3

�MP-BGP

� IS-IS for IPv6

� Static routes

� The IPv6 routing table is different from IPv4 routing tables:� Same route-selection mechanism

� Longest prefix match

� The router ID should be configured before IPv6 protocols are enabled.


IPv6 over IPv4

� IPv6 and IPv4 will coexist for a long time.

� There are many ways to run IPv6 over IPv4:� Dual stack (router runs IPv4 and IPv6 stacks)

� Tunneling:

—IPv6 over IPv4 tunnels (RFC 2893)

—6PE

—IPv6 over GRE tunnel

—IPv6 over MPLS TE tunnel

� The 7750 SR implementation of IPv6 over IPv4 is in several phases.


IPv6 over IPv4 using Static Routing

� Phase 1 only allow IPv6 over IPv4 through static routing (RFC 2893)

� IPv6 over IPv4 packet encapsulation uses IP protocol id 41

� Source / destination IP address uses the system IP address

Module 5 | 77 All rights reserved © 2006–2007 Alcatel-Lucent77 | Technical Sales Forum | May 2008

7Alcatel-Lucent 7x50 Service Router

Portfolio


The Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR Family

• Three chassis options – 1, 7, and 12 slots• Carrier-class reliability combined with highdensity in a small footprint

• System capacities scalable from 20 Gbps to 200 Gbps (400 Gbps in future)

• Modular design – removable IOM, SF/CPM, and MDAs

• Common operating system

12345AB

Slot

MDA

1 2

SR-7

MDA

1 2

A1 SR-1

Slot

1 2 3 4 5 A B 6 7 8 9 10

1

MDA

2

SR-12

IOM

SF/CPM

MDA

SFP

�


The SR-12 Shelf

• SR-12 features:

� Slots for up to ten 20 Gbps IOM cards

� Two hot-swappable SF/CPM card slots; 200 Gbps or 400 Gbps SF/CPM cards available; 400 Gbps cards have capacity to handle future 40 Gbps IOM cards

� Up to twenty hot-swappable MDAs

� Hot-swappable cooling fans

� Switch fabric/control redundancy when two SF/CPMs installed

� Power redundancy when two DC power sources connected

�


The SR-12 Front and Rear

1

1

2

2

6

5

3

7

4

8 9

1

2

6

7

4 5

3 8

�


Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR SF/CPM Cards

Redundant SF/CPMs are supported on the

SR-7 and SR-12

�

Module 5 | 82 All rights reserved © 2006–2007 Alcatel-Lucent82 | 7750 SR Overview

Alcatel-Lucent 7750 Service Router

3RD WAVE – SERVICE ROUTINGAlcatel Lucent 7750 SR

� 2Terabit Multiservice Edge Router� Purpose built for Service Providers and Enterprises

seeking carrier-class equipment� Suitable for applications including:

� Residential Broadband (HSI and 3Play)� Business L2 and L3 VPN services� Mobile backhaul and core transport � Legacy BRAS evolution (BNG)

� Taking the Lead in Service Routing Evolution� Industry leading FP2 100Gpbs Silicon� Terabit capacity, performance, scale� Comprehensive multiservice support� Service Routing Specialization

� Over 30,000 units shipped to date

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent January 2009

Teşekkü[email protected]


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Ip/MPLS Teknolojileri Giriş - burakkurt.net · firmaları birleşerek Alcatel-Lucent (ALU) ismini alır. ... Wireline Access (ISAM, GPON) Wireless (3G/4G, Femto, Wimax, LTE) Converged