Ionospheric Effects of the Ionospheric Effects of the 2009 Sudden Stratospheric Warming2009 Sudden Stratospheric Warming

M.V. Klimenko, V.V. Klimenko, Yu.N. Korenkov, F.S. Bessarab, I.V. Karpov, M.V. Klimenko, V.V. Klimenko, Yu.N. Korenkov, F.S. Bessarab, I.V. Karpov, N.A. Korenkova N.A. Korenkova (West Department of the Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, (West Department of the Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation RAS, Kaliningrad, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation RAS, Kaliningrad, e-mail e-mail maksim.klimenko@mail.ru) ) K.G. Ratovsky, M.A. Chernigovskaya K.G. Ratovsky, M.A. Chernigovskaya (Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics RAS, (Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics RAS, Irkutsk) Irkutsk) A.EA.E. . Stepanov Stepanov (Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy, RAS, Yakutsk, (Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy, RAS, Yakutsk, Russia)Russia)

• The PW can be observed in the ionosphere The PW can be observed in the ionosphere (Altadill et al., 2001; Pancheva et al., 2002; Danilov (Altadill et al., 2001; Pancheva et al., 2002; Danilov and Vanina, 2004). and Vanina, 2004).

•Liu et al. (2010) demonstrated clearly that the Liu et al. (2010) demonstrated clearly that the quasi-stationary PWs present at the lower quasi-stationary PWs present at the lower boundary at high latitudes modify the total boundary at high latitudes modify the total electron content (TEC).electron content (TEC).

• The low-latitude ionospheric variations during The low-latitude ionospheric variations during SSW periods can be found in Goncharenko et al. SSW periods can be found in Goncharenko et al. (2010a, b), and Chau et al. (2010, 2011). (2010a, b), and Chau et al. (2010, 2011).

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Observational Evidence of Ionospheric Observational Evidence of Ionospheric Response During SSWResponse During SSW

Goncharenko et al, 2010

Yue et al, 2010

morning afternoon

Pancheva and Mukhtarov., 2011

Day Number (start 1 October 2007) Day Number (start 1 October 2008)

Goncharenko et al, GRL 2010Chau et al, JGR 2010Fuller-Rowell et al., JGR 2011

Recent Model resultsRecent Model results

Global Self-consistent Model of Global Self-consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionospherethe Thermosphere, Ionosphere andand ProtonosphereProtonosphere (GSM TIP) was (GSM TIP) was developed in Westdeveloped in Westernern Department of Department of IZMIRANIZMIRAN. The model GSM TIP was . The model GSM TIP was described in details indescribed in details in Namgaladze et Namgaladze et al.,al., 1988 1988.. In this model the numerical In this model the numerical decision of the hydrodynamics decision of the hydrodynamics equations for multicomponent gas equations for multicomponent gas mixture, consisting of neutral (Omixture, consisting of neutral (O22, N, N22, ,

O, H), and charged (theO, H), and charged (the molecular ions molecular ions OO22

++, NO, NO++, atomic ions O, atomic ions O++, H, H++, and , and

electrons) particles is realized.electrons) particles is realized. The model is added by the The model is added by the new block of electric fieldnew block of electric field calculation calculation Klimenko et al.,Klimenko et al., 2006, 2007 2006, 2007..

MModel GSM TIPodel GSM TIP BBrief rief DDescriptionescription 2009 SSW Event2009 SSW Event

• Vertical profiles of the atmospheric temperatures were obtained Vertical profiles of the atmospheric temperatures were obtained using the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) installed on satellite using the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) installed on satellite Aura EOS (Schwartz et al., 2008). Aura EOS (Schwartz et al., 2008).

• The DPS-4 Digisondes in Yakutsk and Irkutsk (Reinisch et al., The DPS-4 Digisondes in Yakutsk and Irkutsk (Reinisch et al., 1997) were used as a data source for peak electron density over these 1997) were used as a data source for peak electron density over these stations. All Digisonde ionogram data has been manually scaled stations. All Digisonde ionogram data has been manually scaled using an interactive ionogram scaling software, SAO Explorer using an interactive ionogram scaling software, SAO Explorer (Reinisch et al., 2004; Khmyrov et al., 2008). (Reinisch et al., 2004; Khmyrov et al., 2008).

•The The observational data above two Brazilian ionospheric stations in observational data above two Brazilian ionospheric stations in S.J. Campos (SJCA).S.J. Campos (SJCA).

•Digital Ionosonde in Kaliningrad, RussiaDigital Ionosonde in Kaliningrad, Russia

Observation DataObservation Data

The neutral temperature disturbances at altitude The neutral temperature disturbances at altitude of 80 km (lower boundary of GSM TIP model).of 80 km (lower boundary of GSM TIP model).

SSW scenario for 2009SSW scenario for 2009

2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 0 3 2 3 4

D a y s o f 2 0 0 9 th Y e a r

-1 5

-1 0

-5

0

5

1 0

Tn,

%

h = 9 6 k mh = 7 6 k m

h = 3 1 k m

Deviations of stratospheric Deviations of stratospheric (31 km, red (31 km, red line)line), mesospheric, mesospheric (76 km, green dashed (76 km, green dashed line)line),, and thermospheric and thermospheric (96 km, blue (96 km, blue dotted line)dotted line) temperatures on January – temperatures on January – February 2009 measured by the EOS Aura February 2009 measured by the EOS Aura spacecraft. The modeled deviations of spacecraft. The modeled deviations of TnTn at the altitudes of 80 and 96 km are shown at the altitudes of 80 and 96 km are shown by by green green andand blueblue asterisks, accordingly. asterisks, accordingly.

0 3 0 6 0 9 0 1 2 0 1 5 0 1 8 0 2 1 0 2 4 0 2 7 0 3 0 0 3 3 0 3 6 0

L o n g itu d e (d eg )

T n , K h = 8 0 k m 2 4 :0 0 U T

-9 0

-6 0

-3 0

0

3 0

6 0

9 0

Lat

itud

e (d

eg)

175

180

185

190

195

200

205

210

215

220

225

230

0 3 0 6 0 9 0 1 2 0 1 5 0 1 8 0 2 1 0 2 4 0 2 7 0 3 0 0 3 3 0 3 6 0

L o n g itu d e (d eg )

T n , K h = 8 0 k m 2 4 :0 0 U T

-9 0

-6 0

-3 0

0

3 0

6 0

9 0

Lat

itud

e (d

eg)

-20

-10

0

10

20

0 3 0 6 0 9 0 1 2 0 1 5 0 1 8 0 2 1 0 2 4 0 2 7 0 3 0 0 3 3 0 3 6 0

L o n g itu d e (d eg )

T n , K h = 8 0 k m 2 4 :0 0 U T

-9 0

-6 0

-3 0

0

3 0

6 0

9 0

Lat

itud

e (d

eg)

175

180

185

190

195

200

205

210

215

220

225

230

0 3 0 6 0 9 0 1 2 0 1 5 0 1 8 0 2 1 0 2 4 0 2 7 0 3 0 0 3 3 0 3 6 0

L o n g itu d e (d eg )

T n , K L a t = 6 0 2 4 :0 0 U T

1 0 0

2 0 0

3 0 0

Alt

itud

e (k

m)

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

The longitude-altitude neutral temperature disturbances calculated at latitude of 60The longitude-altitude neutral temperature disturbances calculated at latitude of 60º with º with use GSM TIP modeluse GSM TIP model..

0 3 0 6 0 9 0 1 2 0 1 5 0 1 8 0 2 1 0 2 4 0 2 7 0 3 0 0 3 3 0 3 6 0

L o n g itu d e (d eg )

fo F 2 , M H z 2 4 :0 0 U T

-9 0

-6 0

-3 0

0

3 0

6 0

9 0

Lat

itud

e (d

eg)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0 3 0 6 0 9 0 1 2 0 1 5 0 1 8 0 2 1 0 2 4 0 2 7 0 3 0 0 3 3 0 3 6 0

L o n g itu d e (d eg )

fo F 2 , M H z 2 4 :0 0 U T

-9 0

-6 0

-3 0

0

3 0

6 0

9 0

Lat

itud

e (d

eg)

-1.4

-1.2

-1.0

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

The calculated ionospheric The calculated ionospheric response to a permanent response to a permanent disturbance at the lower disturbance at the lower boundary of the boundary of the thermospherethermosphere

QuietQuiet

Model deviations initiated by SSW eventModel deviations initiated by SSW event

0 3 0 6 0 9 0 1 2 0 1 5 0 1 8 0 2 1 0 2 4 0 2 7 0 3 0 0 3 3 0 3 6 0

L o n g itu d e (d eg )

T e , K 2 4 :0 0 U T

-9 0

-6 0

-3 0

0

3 0

6 0

9 0

Lat

itud

e (d

eg)

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

The global The global foF2foF2

foF2 foF2 disturbances (bottom) in MHz and electron temperaturedisturbances (bottom) in MHz and electron temperature disturbances in K at altitude disturbances in K at altitude 300 km300 km at 24:00 UTat 24:00 UT

2

3

4

5

6

foF2,

MH

z

1 7 .0 1 1 8 .0 1 1 9 .0 1 2 0 .0 1 2 1 .0 1 2 2 .0 1 2 3 .0 1 2 4 .0 1 2 5 .0 1 2 6 .0 1 2 7 .0 1 2 8 .0 1 2 9 .0 1 3 0 .0 1

Y ak u tsk (= 6 2 .0 °N , = 1 2 9 .6 °E ; = , =

2

3

4

5

6

foF2,

MH

z

1 7 .0 1 1 8 .0 1 1 9 .0 1 2 0 .0 1 2 1 .0 1 2 2 .0 1 2 3 .0 1 2 4 .0 1 2 5 .0 1 2 6 .0 1 2 7 .0 1 2 8 .0 1 2 9 .0 1 3 0 .0 1

Irk u tsk (= 5 2 .2 N , = 1 0 4 .1 E ; = 4 0 .9 , = 1 7 5 .1 0 3 6 9 1 2 1 5 1 8 2 1 2 4

U T , h

1

2

3

4

5

foF2,

MH

z

Y a k u tsk

0 3 6 9 1 2 1 5 1 8 2 1 2 4U T , h

2

3

4

5

6

foF2,

MH

z

Irk u tsk

0 3 6 9 1 2 1 5 1 8 2 1 2 4U T , h

1

2

3

4

5

6

foF2,

MH

z

K alin in g ra d

0 3 6 9 1 2 1 5 1 8 2 1 2 4U T , h

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

foF2,

MH

z

S JC

2

4

6

8

10

12

foF2,

MH

z

1 7 .0 1 1 8 .0 1 1 9 .0 1 2 0 .0 1 2 1 .0 1 2 2 .0 1 2 3 .0 1 2 4 .0 1 2 5 .0 1 2 6 .0 1 2 7 .0 1 2 8 .0 1 2 9 .0 1 3 0 .0 1

S JC A (= 2 3 .2 S , = 4 5 .9 W ; = -1 2 .7 , = 2 2 .4

2

3

4

5

6

foF2,

MH

z

1 7 .0 1 1 8 .0 1 1 9 .0 1 2 0 .0 1 2 1 .0 1 2 2 .0 1 2 3 .0 1 2 4 .0 1 2 5 .0 1 2 6 .0 1 2 7 .0 1 2 8 .0 1 2 9 .0 1 3 0 .0 1

K a lin in g rad (= 5 4 .6 N , = 2 0 .2 E ; = 5 3 .0 , = 1 0 5 .5 Io n o so n d e

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS• Specifying perturbation in neutral temperature and density at the lower boundary of the Specifying perturbation in neutral temperature and density at the lower boundary of the thermosphere during SSW events, one can reproduce the variation of the neutral thermosphere during SSW events, one can reproduce the variation of the neutral temperature in MLT region above Irkutsk and changes in ionospheric parameters that are temperature in MLT region above Irkutsk and changes in ionospheric parameters that are consistent with the observation data presented by Pancheva and Muhtarov (2011, JASTP)consistent with the observation data presented by Pancheva and Muhtarov (2011, JASTP)

• Choosing the position of minima and maxima of temperature and density perturbation of Choosing the position of minima and maxima of temperature and density perturbation of the neutral gas at the lower boundary of the thermosphere when proposed SSW scenario is the neutral gas at the lower boundary of the thermosphere when proposed SSW scenario is implemented, one can reproduce the disturbance in thermospheric and ionospheric implemented, one can reproduce the disturbance in thermospheric and ionospheric parametersparameters

• The morning-noon SSW positive effects in the electron density at low latitudes which The morning-noon SSW positive effects in the electron density at low latitudes which have recently been discussed by Goncharenko et al. (2010), Chau et al. (2011), Fejer et al. have recently been discussed by Goncharenko et al. (2010), Chau et al. (2011), Fejer et al. (2011) are absent in our results(2011) are absent in our results

• In future we want to use a more realistic description of neutral atmosphere parameters at In future we want to use a more realistic description of neutral atmosphere parameters at altitudes of the mesopause region (lower boundary of the GSM TIP model) in order to altitudes of the mesopause region (lower boundary of the GSM TIP model) in order to reproduce the observed positive ionospheric disturbances at low latitudes during reproduce the observed positive ionospheric disturbances at low latitudes during stratospheric warming eventsstratospheric warming events

New Scenario for 2009 SSW EventNew Scenario for 2009 SSW Event

ECMWFECMWF model for SSW 2009 event model for SSW 2009 event

TIME-GCM modelTIME-GCM model

GSM TIP modelGSM TIP model

Output at 30 kmOutput at 30 km

ThermospheicThermospheicoutput at 80 kmoutput at 80 km

-1 8 0 -1 5 0 -1 2 0 -9 0 -6 0 -3 0 0 3 0 6 0 9 0 1 2 0 1 5 0 1 8 0

L o n g itu d e (d eg )

T E C , T E C U 2 4 :0 0 U T 2 7 .0 1 .2 0 0 9

-9 0

-6 0

-3 0

0

3 0

6 0

9 0

Lat

itud

e (d

eg)

-1.8-1.6-1.4-1.2-1.0-0.8-0.6-0.4-0.20.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.02.22.4

Preliminary resultsPreliminary results

ECMWF + TIME-GCM +ECMWF + TIME-GCM + GSM TIPGSM TIP

ECMWF + TIME-GCMECMWF + TIME-GCM

1 x 1 0 3 1 x 1 0 4 1 x 1 0 5

N e, cm -3

0

2 0 0

4 0 0

6 0 0

8 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 2 0 0

Hei

ght,

km

J ica m a rca 0 6 :0 0 U TA v era g e

2 3 .0 1 .2 0 0 9

2 6 .0 1 .2 0 0 9

2 8 .0 1 .2 0 0 9

2 9 .0 1 .2 0 0 9